DE755259C - Device for the automatic regulation of at least two properties of the air quality in rooms - Google Patents

Description

Device for the automatic control of at least two properties the air quality in rooms The invention relates to such devices for the automatic control of the air quality of rooms in which in the relevant room or in the air handling facility itself the ones to be considered Properties of the air detecting sensors are attached, which on these properties influencing devices act by means of special intermediate organs.

The deviations of the air condition from the target values to be maintained are made up of the current fluctuation values, which result from the continued, e.g. B. internal and external circumstances changing within a day, z. B. '. Machine heat, solar radiation, rain, hail and major permanent influences, which are caused by seasonal, constant over longer periods of time Conditions are caused. To counteract the latter, switch to the Plant so-called additional base loads that z. B. the temperature control consist in that im Certain amounts of heat supplied in winter Summer to be withdrawn. The same applies to regulating the air humidity. here usually needs to be put down in winter, due to special moisture in summer Devices are supplied.

The connection of the base loads is mostly done by hand, by in the summer z. B. the heating and in winter the cooling device by means of manually operated Valves is permanently shut down, so z. B. for dehumidification in winter Deactivation reached. Keeping hands on requires constant monitoring of the system, without it being possible to avoid that, especially in transitional periods, the devices work against each other in a wasteful manner.

There are also automatically acting devices for the same purpose be @ cannt get that work in the way that to switch the base loads on and off a special filler is seen in front of it, which alternates on two opposite capable of influencing the properties of the air in question and depending on the outside air conditions, one or the opposite working Device also activates. When regulating the temperature z. B. works in this case a thermostat if the setpoint deviates in a negative direction together with a contact that operates the heating via a motor, in the event of a deviation in the positive direction with a second contact, which is via the other motor's vain Cooling starts. Instead of the electrical contacts, you can also leave two compressed air nozzles work together with the sensor, each of which has a 'motor, e.g. B. llembranmotor, for switch the drive of the devices concerned. The disadvantage of these facilities does not only consist in the necessity of arranging an or. several additional Sensor apart from the sensors for the daily fluctuation values, but also in the Arrangement of double control organs and, if necessary, double control motors and also in that the two sensor contacts or nozzles are practically not closed ringed distance, utii a safe switch-off in the setpoint position to achieve and on the other hand to prevent that with a rapid transition of the feeler due to a small adjustment of the setpoint value, the », titgegenees, -tzt I am working on the device.

. \ u13 @ rd: m arlr "iteli Suchig- Stetterungn al) er; tucii often like this. (1a13 when the sensor returns to the setpoint position, the 1: etretfemde to be set, wctlneiu newer. \ u: scltla @ g des Sensor occurs. The heating of the air "im Winter takes place in such a way that the heating direction for those that can be described as unstable Controls at certain intervals Reason of the sensor deflections differ cause separate thermal shocks. With everyone Sensor drop also tilts the controlled one Device around. For the reasons mentioned, the Accuracy and speed of regulation the properties of the air about a certain Do not increase the measure. - The same applies to known ones Control systems in which a sensor points to a Nozzle with two pressure levels or one con- clock body works with two contact levels, where the pressure and contact levels are more vain special, the air quality influencing device are assigned. Do the two pressure levels work, e.g. B. the Levels o to 0.05 and 0.5 to i atü, each with a membrane motor together, that's how it is achievable accuracy of delimitation among other things, very much from the spring load and Stopfbüdli.senpressung the two valves dependent, that is, on values that are practical No way. can be set exactly, especially not in a technical company of untrained ten forces. An overlap of the two pressure levels and a temporary work of the devices to be controlled gen must therefore be practical with this arrangement always be accepted. Apart from that from the fact that the threshold size of such Facilities is low and therefore they up very fine deviations from the target value are not react, the rules are either shade so that the% let the Opening the controlled valves of your sensor deflection is proportional, or the valves when a certain roll value is reached deviation come into full operation. Is in the first case the antenna deflection sLir low, so is the entering control valve only very little <"- opens so that the balancing of the relevant setpoint deviation @: rhaltn is- dated moderately long, i.e. ächl-eichetid instead of- finds and about as long. out again- g1.- i a -röl.3eren setpoint deviation,]), ei which according to the larger antenna au glas arl :: itende control valve more is open. . \ from this (round matters nian also called these Reg: #I devices not about : itie -ew: sse c @ nauigk @ it out. Step: 1: e @tru crventil @ bei l> eStltllilltetl @@@ llwertainveirhun @ ° cn ll in "l: iti @ heit.: o i't the Rrtzehing coarse and mirtiltt-, as lt: i Äude- nitig dt # r (@ all-round load conditions a stol. »lveises @@ illi @ cs Ian or. \ uswitch (.-r ztt sta @: rti- 11011 \ 't @ rriciltungcn according to ikii above as unstable designated controls takes place. This intermittent switching on and off can only be achieved by adjusting the appropriate base load either manually or by additional automatic devices.

In order to avoid these deficiencies, rule provisions have been proposed, in which each sensor has two opposing influences on the air quality Devices involved and each device increasingly in the opening or south-flow simi is operated as long as the setpoint assigned to it is exceeded or not reached.

In a known device of this type, each sensor alternately operated by two motors, each of which moves a control element Atischaltun g of his motor, the connected control valve opens increasingly. is or target, vert reached; so the motor is switched over so that it is the control member moves in the opposite direction and the control valve closes increasingly: If that Control valve has reached its closed position, the motor is stopped and: nd but switched on the other motor working on the second control element. Opposite to This device is characterized by the subject of the invention by much larger structural "simplicity and. -safety working method.

The invention consists essentially in the fact that between the control elements of the two influencing the air quality in opposite directions Devices angeördhet an intermediate member slowly moved by a single motor and # that the motor drive initiated by a sensor deviation from the setpoint urnd the dependent control movement of the intermediate link maintained for so long how the sensor deviates from the setpoint.

By using a single motorized intermediate control yarn between the transmitter instrument and the control valves of the devices to be controlled and the mutual influencing of the devices. through -the control member sore once-the possibility was created to control the control areas of the two Devices to delimit each other as precisely as possible, so that overlaps of the areas cannot occur. 'On the other hand, there is a level of control Deviation from the setpoint is provided much more quickly than with the above known devices, in -serve the control valve proportionally with the The feeler moves. As soon as there is a deviation from the nominal value, the intermediate link becomes set in motion and maintains its motion regardless of whether the Setpoint deviation is large or small. whether the feeler deviates further remains or go back again. With progressive movement of the pontic, i. ih. the longer the time of movement lasts, the control organ of the device to be @ controlled increasingly open, so there (3 with increasing time the tax influence becomes stronger will. Only when the relevant air property is affected by this increased control effect so influenced. that the sensor reaches the setpoint again, the The engine is switched off and the control element is stopped, which is initially in the from him in the same position and the control valve in question is kept open in this position, so that despite the target value being reached, the quality of the air remains the same is further influenced. This then usually results in a flip of the feeler the other side of the setpoint so that the motor rotates in the other direction is switched and the intermediate member opposite to its previous direction of movement is moved. This reduces the influence of the control valve that is still open. until the sensor again passes through the setpoint in the other direction. After a few oscillations, the intermediate link comes in one of the relevant properties the position corresponding to the air or other special influences of the room to rest until the influences somehow change again. The device to be controlled itself, however, is usually not switched off completely, but only in their Effect according to the small oscillations of the control element. changes.

This process now takes place in the transitional period in which the floating position of the pontic. in the vicinity of the switch-off position of both to be controlled Devices is, .so when the oscillation-n occurs, the two devices alternately put into action, without an overlap in their field of work can occur. This arrangement is therefore accurate and completely automatic Control also possible in the transition period.

The air conditioning systems equipped with this control show a surprising one great control accuracy: through-, veg can large operating rooms of several tooo cbm volume can be controlled to ± 1 / 1o ° C; z. B. were at a plant with this control gooo cbm air behind the washer ± o, oj ° C controlled perfectly.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown schematically in the drawing shown on the basis of a system for regulating room temperature and room humidity, namely shows Fig. R a system in which a temperature sensor as well as a humidity sensor for absolute humidity are used, and Fig. 2 a system in which, in addition to a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor for relative humidity occurs and the cooling device simultaneously performs dew point dehumidification concerned.

In the system according to FIG. I, the cooling device is r, -die in any Way, e.g. B. with a cooling coil, a cooled water curtain or by 'supply cold fresh air, can work through a control element 2 with the supply line 3 connected for the coolant. Likewise, the heating device 4 is via a control element 5 to the. Supply line 6 connected for the heating medium.

The two control organs 2 and 5 can by suitable members 7, S counteracting the action of a spring 13 more or less for the flow .the heating or coolant can be opened. The opening worried a attachment 9 of a common Intermediate member 1o, z. B. in the form of a slide, which is driven by an electric motor M can be moved in one direction or the other. To this end, engages the slide 1o z. B. with a nut piece on a screw spindle .the motor axis. The motor is switched on and off by a temperature sensor T, which in a known manner a power source S with the mediation of two or only one. Contacts in one or the other direction of current to the motor.

In the arrangement according to Fig. I, left, the motor through .the temperature sensor switched on for a movement of the control slide 1o to the left in the direction of the arrow h. as soon as the temperature exceeds the setpoint, i.e. the air is too bite. the Movement of the slide 1o, which is relatively slow to the left, stops, as long as the setpoint. you will pass. In the same way, the hc because of the slide 1o to the right in the direction of the arrow k instead of as long as the setpoint is below.

With the linksbew :: gutig, the link becomes through the approach 9; taken and more or less opens the regulating organ 2. IT is 21-siclitlicli. that due to the temperature sensor as a result of the control c), 1o j%, one of the ix: idetl devices (cooling or 11ell @ lllg): n ratio is always set for me. If 11s0 is full (1.r 7-olltellip: ratttt- he differetlder l @@ iuni-Iri, il # e r: ttttr one (l.er @teidest devices \ virksain. Then the other is shut down.

hul-ISr is slic liriil, le @h: r @ltnung der I2cgel - @@ rt, @ atte _ uncd a1311; in @@ ig vc) ti the time in which the setpoint deviation of the air continues. Te l; higer tli2 _ \ hwtichung continues, the stronger the control influence, because with increasing time the regulating organs are increasingly opened. Like second As will become clear below, this arrangement also makes it completely automatic The base load is switched on and off. -Is the same control device intended for the regulation of humidity. This is where the moisture sensor works H weehsehveise via control elements 2 and 5 'to a dehumidifying device i i and a humidification device 12, # which is connected to the working or supply lines3 ' and 6 's connected in, d. The humidifier can, for. B. in a water atomizing device exist and the dehumidifying device in a facility in which on. physical or electrical means, moisture is precipitated from the air will. As long as the air is too wet, the slide 1ö # moves under the action of a Motor drive controlled by the humidity sensor H in the direction of the arrow 1a to the left and causes dehumidification while as long as the air is too dry is, the slide moves in the direction of arrow t and the humidification device 12 puts into action. It is assumed that the temperature control devices i and 4. operate completely without affecting the absolute humidity and the humidity control devices i i and; 12 without influencing the temperature and also measures .der humidity sensor If the absolute humidity is immediately evident, the two devices work completely independent of each other. But affect the devices i and q. also <the absolute humidity or the devices i i and 12 the air temperature, so there is an after-effect on the other control, but always in such a way that the two controls working against each other, i.e. unnecessary performance, does not occur.

If the humidity sensor H does not measure the absolute, but the relative Moisture, then, is definitely due to -the cooling or heating -the relative Humidity affects the air, so whenever the one of the two devices i or 4 comes into operation, also one of the two device genes i1 and 12 automatically is excited, except in certain fills in which the relative setpoint humidity is not yet reached was achieved.

When the effects of one system on the other become very welcome, what in particular free the Taul) Litiktsl> efeticlitullg, d.1i. lbe defeated the humidity, by setting the air temperature to the dew point is the case where dehumidification definitely causes a strong cooling of the air until below the target temperature presupposes, so you can both Systems like the 1i ig. 2 pair by z. B. on the cooling or heating device allows the temperature and humidity sensors to act at the same time.

In the system according to Fi-. 2 acts z. B. that of the relative feudality Pouring moisture fillers onto the heating device 12 and onto the cooling device i, while the temperature sensor on --the cooling device; i and the heater .4 acts. The two controls 9, io and 9 ', io' including the regulating organs 2, 2 ', 5, 5' are designed as in the embodiment according to FIG. the Cooling device i can, so at the same time sowdlil on the part of the Feuclitigkeitssensor H as well as on the part of the temperature sensor T are increasingly excited, with the superimpose both excitations summing. Actual z. B. the Itauintuft too dry, so speaks about H humidification by moving the slide io in the direction of the arrow t , gs device 12. Since this does not change the temperature significantly, die.beiden two other devices i and 4 remain essentially at rest, if the room air shows the target temperature. If the room air is too wet, it moves. the Slide io of the moisture sensing in the direction of the arrow n to the right and brings the cooling i to respond. As a result, however, the Rautntuft is too cold, and at the same time, therefore, the heating device switches itself on under the action of the temperature sensor T, q. a. The performance of the cooling device i is increased so long, namely under simultaneous increase in. Heating effect from- ¢ to in the cooling device i the The dew point is reached, in which the excess moisture is precipitated for so long until the relative setpoint humidity is reached. On the other hand, it is with the present The set humidity, the room air too hot, is switched via the temperature sensor T the cooling device on, since in this case the slide iö in the direction of the arrow.h is moved and the control element, 2 'can respond. When the target temperature is reached but then the relative humidity rises above the setpoint, i.e. 5i. the air will too wet, so that moisture has to be eliminated. This is done by the fact that -side of the humidity sensor H also the second going after the cooling device. Regulating body 5 is opened and the performance of the cooling device i is increased even more; until the dew point is reached and the excess liquid is removed separates. If the room temperature falls below the setpoint; so will initially by shifting the slide io 'of the temperature sensor T ach to the right, the regulating element is activated 2 'is switched off for the cooling device i and, if this is not sufficient, then the heating device 4 switched on via .das control element 5 'in order to provide the necessary for dew point dehumidification \\ "to make up for the loss of poor health.

If the room air is zti cold, then the -slide io 'moves under the action of the temperature sensor T in the direction of the arrow k to the right and causes the heater 4 to respond. As a result, the relative humidity is reduced, so that at the same time the humidification device 12 is put into action by the humidity sensor via the control element 2.

Is the room air too cold and too at the same time? wet, too dry and too warm or too cold and too dry or too poor and too wet, they overlap the processes in a corresponding: automatic manner, without any intervention of hard needs.

It can be seen @ that humidity sensor and temperature sensor either directly with the connected devices on the air quality act or indirectly via a change in the air quality in the opposite direction Sense. The whole system therefore carries out oscillations, depending on or inertia that the devices, regulating organs and sensors work, of smaller or larger Scli,% vibration are. The final state can also be reached aperiodically, if the indolence is chosen to be correspondingly large.

The illustrated embodiments by no means exhaust all possible embodiments of the pairing system of devices and their operation by a control element influenced by the breath, temperature or humidity sensors and the coupling of the two subsystems. Under certain circumstances, one of the three Devices 1,: 4 or 12 and their associated control valve are no longer available, if the temperature and humidity control are handled by the two remaining devices up and down is effected. Should the room air only in terms of temperature can be regulated, so all devices for regulating the humidity come in failure and vice versa. On the other hand, the coupled system chain can go through The addition of further links can be enlarged. This comes e.g. B. considered if the air quality is to be regulated according to more than two properties, e.g. B. according to temperature, humidity and speed of movement or according to air pressure, Dedusting -tm @ d chemical composition and d.1.

For the achievement of the final state, i.e. the achievement of both Setpoints of temperature and humidity, it does not matter in which order -the humidification - and temperature preparations in the treatment facility be set up, but Eis recommends: "especially" in such cases, in which the cooling is used for dew point dehumidification, the heating in mind of the air circulation to allow the cooling to follow: thus a temporary Overcooling of the room is prevented.

In any case, the device works in such a way that it works automatically : a base load corresponding to the respective permanent external climatic conditions adjusts. In transitional periods: in which the Andean air is about the target values (has the properties of the room to be controlled, the control organ sticks quiet in the middle position or makes slight, slow movements to and fro around the middle position the end. The: earthen devices that have an adverse effect on the quality of the air either not at all or only very little alternately occupied. Receives the outside air then z. B. increasing winter character, the controller moves in the direction of arrow k to. to increasingly put the heating into operation, and then begins by a certain @ shift position different from its central position to commute which of the base load to be added due to the outside air conditions is equivalent to. So as long as the winter outside air conditions remain, remains automatic - the heating is switched on and the control spool goes, provided that the motor drive is slow enough, not back to the central position, but oscillates around its base load position. If the requirements of the to be connected change Base load, the control spool regulates itself automatically to a new base load position a. In summer, its base load positions are on the other side of the central position.

The type of control 9, io can differ from that shown done in any other way, e.g. B. in that the temperature or humidity sensor with the mediation of electricity, steam, compressed air or the like. A camshaft in Movement sets in which the cam disks are arranged so that in the middle position of the camshaft the regulating elements: 2 and 5 or - 'and 5' are closed while if there is a deviation @ -on this middle position in one direction or the other, that one or the other rule is increasingly opened.

A regulating body is to be understood as meaning those institutions which the Capable of changing the performance of the connected devices.

Claims (3)

PATENT CLAIMS: i. Device for the automatic regulation of at least. two properties of the air quality in rooms using sensors, which each on two devices that have an opposing effect on the quality of the air act, each device operated increasingly in the opening or closing direction is thereby, as long as the setpoint assigned to it is exceeded or not reached characterized in that between the control members (7 and 2, 8 and 5) of the two devices (1, q. Or 1i, 12) one of a single. Motor (M) slowly moving civilian link (io, io ') is arranged and that by a Fühlerabweidhung (t, la) from the setpoint initiated motor drive and the dependent control movement of the intermediate link sustained for so long. how the sensor deviates from the setpoint. 2. Device according to claim i, characterized in that the intermediate member (io, iö) acts as a slide or is designed as a camshaft. 3. Device according to claims i and 2, characterized in that two or more devices influencing the air quality are provided, with .denen each pair of an intermediate member (io, io ') cooperates, the individual device to be controlled also being assigned to two different intermediate members can be. To delimit the subject matter of the invention from the state of the art, irri-F_rteilungsverfahren the following publications have been considered: Swiss patent specification No. 166 702; Austrian patent specifications No. 130426, 144 o76; USA patents 1Tr. i 67o 665, 1 840 565, 1 846 875, 2 009 529, 2 0 11 757, 2 024 385, Re 18 531; VDI magazine September 6, 1933, p.997; Silberberg, "Air treatment in industrial and commercial enterprises," Verlag Springer, Berlin 1932, p. 142, .lbb.o.