DE69916727T2 - Stickstoffdotierter Kohlenstoff beschichtete Effektpigmente - Google Patents

Stickstoffdotierter Kohlenstoff beschichtete Effektpigmente Download PDF

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Publication number
DE69916727T2
DE69916727T2 DE1999616727 DE69916727T DE69916727T2 DE 69916727 T2 DE69916727 T2 DE 69916727T2 DE 1999616727 DE1999616727 DE 1999616727 DE 69916727 T DE69916727 T DE 69916727T DE 69916727 T2 DE69916727 T2 DE 69916727T2
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
nitrogen
doped carbon
effect pigments
carbon coated
coated effect
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
DE1999616727
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
DE69916727D1 (de
Inventor
Ryuichi Takahashi
Adrian Schulthess
Kimiya Takeshita
Fritz Herren
Patrice Bujard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF Schweiz AG
Original Assignee
Ciba Spezialitaetenchemie Holding AG
Ciba SC Holding AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ciba Spezialitaetenchemie Holding AG, Ciba SC Holding AG filed Critical Ciba Spezialitaetenchemie Holding AG
Publication of DE69916727D1 publication Critical patent/DE69916727D1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE69916727T2 publication Critical patent/DE69916727T2/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/0015—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings
    • C09C1/0021—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings comprising a core coated with only one layer having a high or low refractive index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F292/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to inorganic materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
    • C09B67/0001—Post-treatment of organic pigments or dyes
    • C09B67/0004—Coated particulate pigments or dyes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
    • C09B67/0098—Organic pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. nacrous pigments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/0015—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/20—Particle morphology extending in two dimensions, e.g. plate-like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
    • C01P2004/82—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases
    • C01P2004/84—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases one phase coated with the other
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
    • C09C2200/10—Interference pigments characterized by the core material
    • C09C2200/1004—Interference pigments characterized by the core material the core comprising at least one inorganic oxide, e.g. Al2O3, TiO2 or SiO2
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
    • C09C2200/10—Interference pigments characterized by the core material
    • C09C2200/102—Interference pigments characterized by the core material the core consisting of glass or silicate material like mica or clays, e.g. kaolin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
    • C09C2200/10—Interference pigments characterized by the core material
    • C09C2200/1054—Interference pigments characterized by the core material the core consisting of a metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
    • C09C2200/10—Interference pigments characterized by the core material
    • C09C2200/1062—Interference pigments characterized by the core material the core consisting of an organic compound, e.g. Liquid Crystal Polymers [LCP], Polymers or natural pearl essence
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
    • C09C2200/10—Interference pigments characterized by the core material
    • C09C2200/1087—Interference pigments characterized by the core material the core consisting of bismuth oxychloride, magnesium fluoride, nitrides, carbides, borides, lead carbonate, barium or calcium sulfate, zinc sulphide, molybdenum disulphide or graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
    • C09C2200/40—Interference pigments comprising an outermost surface coating
    • C09C2200/402—Organic protective coating
    • C09C2200/405—High molecular weight materials, e.g. polymers
    • C09C2200/406—High molecular weight materials, e.g. polymers comprising additional functional groups, e.g. -NH2, -C=C- or -SO3
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2220/00—Methods of preparing the interference pigments
    • C09C2220/10—Wet methods, e.g. co-precipitation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
    • Y10T428/2991—Coated
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
    • Y10T428/2991—Coated
    • Y10T428/2998—Coated including synthetic resin or polymer

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
  • Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
  • Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
DE1999616727 1998-08-24 1999-08-17 Stickstoffdotierter Kohlenstoff beschichtete Effektpigmente Expired - Lifetime DE69916727T2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98810837 1998-08-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE69916727D1 DE69916727D1 (de) 2004-06-03
DE69916727T2 true DE69916727T2 (de) 2004-10-07

Family

ID=8236279

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE1999616727 Expired - Lifetime DE69916727T2 (de) 1998-08-24 1999-08-17 Stickstoffdotierter Kohlenstoff beschichtete Effektpigmente

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (2) US6436538B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4141597B2 (de)
DE (1) DE69916727T2 (de)

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7182981B1 (en) * 1999-07-06 2007-02-27 Konica Corporation Cellulose ester film and production method of the same
US7175911B2 (en) * 2002-09-18 2007-02-13 Toshiba Ceramics Co., Ltd. Titanium dioxide fine particles and method for producing the same, and method for producing visible light activatable photocatalyst
US7189454B2 (en) * 2003-05-19 2007-03-13 Engelhard Corporation Carbon coated high luster materials
DE10330795B4 (de) * 2003-07-08 2008-01-24 Qimonda Ag Kohlenstoff-Hartmaske mit einer Stickstoff-dotierten Kohlenstoffschicht als haftfähiger Schicht zur Haftung auf Metall oder metallhaltigen anorganischen Materialien und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
DE10346167A1 (de) * 2003-10-01 2005-05-25 Merck Patent Gmbh Glänzende schwarze Interferenzpigmente
US7507285B2 (en) * 2004-05-11 2009-03-24 Basf Corporation Aluminum effect pigment blends
US20090069467A1 (en) * 2005-04-21 2009-03-12 Gloria Ruiz Gomez Pigment formulations
US20060241211A1 (en) * 2005-04-25 2006-10-26 Gregory Coughlin Effect Pigment
DE102005037611A1 (de) 2005-08-05 2007-02-15 Eckart Gmbh & Co. Kg Metalleffektpigmente mit anorganisch/organischer Mischschicht, Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher Metalleffektpigmente und deren Verwendung
US7521085B2 (en) * 2005-12-21 2009-04-21 Basf Corporation Method to incorporate pigment into paint by formation of resin beads
JP2007297621A (ja) * 2006-04-21 2007-11-15 Merck Patent Gmbh 顔料
US20110105676A1 (en) * 2007-08-20 2011-05-05 Ciba Corporation Process for preparing platelet-like pigments comprising a nitrogen doped carbon coating
ES2613064T3 (es) * 2010-02-04 2017-05-22 Merck Patent Gmbh Pigmentos de efecto
CN103740142B (zh) * 2012-08-07 2015-08-05 江苏伊特复合新材料有限公司 耐高温性二氧化硅包覆型水性铝银浆的制备方法
WO2014186510A1 (en) 2013-05-15 2014-11-20 Reedy International Corporation Colorized micron sized free flowing fillers

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DE238993C (de)
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DE1165182B (de) * 1961-06-28 1964-03-12 Du Pont Pigment auf der Basis von durchscheinenden glimmerartigen Schuppen und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
DE2557796C2 (de) * 1975-12-22 1985-05-02 Merck Patent Gmbh, 6100 Darmstadt Rußhaltige Pigmente
US4057683A (en) 1976-03-15 1977-11-08 Milchem Incorporated Graft copolymer and process for making same
GB2052520A (en) 1979-06-25 1981-01-28 Trimetal Paint Co Belgium Nv Coating compositions and coatings comprising polymer-transition metal chelates
GB8421288D0 (en) * 1984-08-22 1984-09-26 Ici Plc Filler
DD238993A1 (de) 1985-07-03 1986-09-10 Akad Wissenschaften Ddr Organophiler gefaerbter fuellstoff und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
DD238994A1 (de) 1985-07-03 1986-09-10 Akad Wissenschaften Ddr Organophiler gefaerbter fuellstoff und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
US4830879A (en) * 1986-09-25 1989-05-16 Battelle Memorial Institute Broadband antireflective coating composition and method
JPS63142066A (ja) 1986-12-05 1988-06-14 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd 黒色微粒子の製造方法
US5248334A (en) * 1988-12-12 1993-09-28 Dow Corning Corporation Primer composition, coating method and coated silicone substrates
US5013770A (en) * 1989-07-27 1991-05-07 Basf Corporation Cross-linkable surface-modified micaceous particulates and coating compositions containing the same
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US5212017A (en) * 1990-12-14 1993-05-18 General Electric Company Aminopropyltrimethoxy silane primer composition and coated articles made therewith
DE4125134A1 (de) 1991-07-30 1993-02-04 Merck Patent Gmbh Kohlenstoffhaltige metalloxidpigmente
US5260094A (en) * 1991-09-30 1993-11-09 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. Preparing densified low porosity titania sol-gel forms
US5202209A (en) * 1991-10-25 1993-04-13 Xerox Corporation Toner and developer compositions with surface additives
DE4140296A1 (de) 1991-12-06 1993-06-09 Merck Patent Gmbh, 6100 Darmstadt, De Leitfaehige plaettchenfoermige pigmente
DE4141069A1 (de) * 1991-12-13 1993-06-17 Basf Ag Glanzpigmente auf der basis von mehrfach beschichteten plaettchenfoermigen silikatischen substraten
DE4217511A1 (de) 1992-05-27 1993-12-02 Basf Ag Glanzpigmente auf der Basis von mehrfach beschichteten plättchenförmigen metallischen Substraten
DE4317019A1 (de) 1992-05-27 1993-12-02 Merck Patent Gmbh Oberflächenmodifizierte Perlglanzpigmente
DE4323744A1 (de) * 1993-07-15 1995-01-19 Basf Ag Kohlenstoffhaltige Glanzpigmente
US5567512A (en) * 1993-10-08 1996-10-22 Hmt Technology Corporation Thin carbon overcoat and method of its making
DE19502231A1 (de) 1994-02-12 1995-08-17 Merck Patent Gmbh Effektpigment mit dunkler Körperfarbe
US5562978A (en) 1994-03-14 1996-10-08 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Polymer-coated inorganic particles
DE19503906A1 (de) * 1994-03-30 1995-10-05 Merck Patent Gmbh Kohlenstoffhaltige Pigmente
DE19517777A1 (de) 1995-05-15 1996-11-21 Hoechst Ag Polyvinylester-Dispersion mit Metallsalz-Hydrosolen als Saatgrundlage
US5633086A (en) * 1995-05-31 1997-05-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce Friction and wear resistant coating for titanium and its alloys

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69916727D1 (de) 2004-06-03
US6436538B1 (en) 2002-08-20
JP4141597B2 (ja) 2008-08-27
US20020188039A1 (en) 2002-12-12
US6706330B2 (en) 2004-03-16
JP2000080303A (ja) 2000-03-21

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
8364 No opposition during term of opposition
8328 Change in the person/name/address of the agent

Representative=s name: PFENNING MEINIG & PARTNER GBR, 80339 MUENCHEN

8327 Change in the person/name/address of the patent owner

Owner name: CIBA HOLDING INC., BASEL, CH

8328 Change in the person/name/address of the agent

Representative=s name: MAIWALD PATENTANWALTSGESELLSCHAFT MBH, 80335 MUENC