DE69128233D1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyurethanweichschäumen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung von PolyurethanweichschäumenInfo
- Publication number
- DE69128233D1 DE69128233D1 DE69128233T DE69128233T DE69128233D1 DE 69128233 D1 DE69128233 D1 DE 69128233D1 DE 69128233 T DE69128233 T DE 69128233T DE 69128233 T DE69128233 T DE 69128233T DE 69128233 D1 DE69128233 D1 DE 69128233D1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- reaction mixture
- flexible polyurethane
- weight
- density
- production
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/30—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by mixing gases into liquid compositions or plastisols, e.g. frothing with air
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/38—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen
- C08G18/3819—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen having nitrogen
- C08G18/3823—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen having nitrogen containing -N-C=O groups
- C08G18/3829—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen having nitrogen containing -N-C=O groups containing ureum groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/4009—Two or more macromolecular compounds not provided for in one single group of groups C08G18/42 - C08G18/64
- C08G18/4027—Mixtures of compounds of group C08G18/54 with other macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/409—Dispersions of polymers of C08G in organic compounds having active hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/63—Block or graft polymers obtained by polymerising compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds on to polymers
- C08G18/632—Block or graft polymers obtained by polymerising compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds on to polymers onto polyethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0008—Foam properties flexible
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0041—Foam properties having specified density
- C08G2110/005—< 50kg/m3
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0041—Foam properties having specified density
- C08G2110/0058—≥50 and <150kg/m3
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0083—Foam properties prepared using water as the sole blowing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE9000877A BE1004588A3 (nl) | 1990-09-14 | 1990-09-14 | Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van soepel polyurethaanschuim. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE69128233D1 true DE69128233D1 (de) | 1998-01-02 |
| DE69128233T2 DE69128233T2 (de) | 1998-04-16 |
Family
ID=3884927
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE69128233T Expired - Fee Related DE69128233T2 (de) | 1990-09-14 | 1991-08-29 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyurethanweichschäumen |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5194453A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0482682B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JPH04246430A (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE160365T1 (de) |
| BE (1) | BE1004588A3 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2049805A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE69128233T2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (42)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3030106B2 (ja) * | 1991-02-22 | 2000-04-10 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 低沸点発泡剤のミキシング装置 |
| US5876134A (en) | 1992-02-14 | 1999-03-02 | The Gillette Company | Foam grip |
| CA2107274C (en) * | 1992-12-31 | 1998-11-03 | Valeri L. Valoppi | 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane as a blowing agent in integral skin polyurethane shoe soles |
| BE1007076A3 (nl) * | 1993-05-12 | 1995-03-07 | Recticel | Soepel vuurbestendig polyether-polyurethaanschuim en werkwijze ter bereiding daarvan. |
| JP2000510188A (ja) * | 1996-05-15 | 2000-08-08 | ザ ダウ ケミカル カンパニー | 有機金属触媒及び3級アミン触媒を含むポリウレタン組成物より製造された、機械的に起泡されたポリウレタンフォーム |
| US6372812B1 (en) | 2001-02-20 | 2002-04-16 | Foamex L.P. | Higher support, lower density cushioning foams |
| WO2002077053A1 (en) * | 2001-03-16 | 2002-10-03 | Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd. | Process for producing urethane-modified polyisocyanurate foam |
| FR2836470B1 (fr) * | 2002-02-25 | 2004-07-09 | J S O | Matelassure en mousse de melanine et ses applications |
| AU2003251873A1 (en) * | 2002-07-11 | 2004-02-02 | Lendell Manufacturing, Inc. | Antimicrobial polyurethane foam |
| US6740687B2 (en) * | 2002-08-14 | 2004-05-25 | Foamex L.P. | Latex replacement polyurethane foams with improved flame retardancy |
| EP1559734A4 (de) * | 2002-11-06 | 2007-08-08 | Daihachi Chem Ind | Zusammensetzung für flammwidrigen polyurethanweichschaumstoff |
| JP2004169038A (ja) * | 2002-11-06 | 2004-06-17 | Kimimasa Asano | ポリウレタン・ポリウレア系均一研磨シート材 |
| US20040126556A1 (en) * | 2002-12-27 | 2004-07-01 | Nowak Michael T. | Grip element |
| US7008973B2 (en) * | 2003-01-14 | 2006-03-07 | Pabu Services, Inc. | Vacuum cooled foams |
| US6716890B1 (en) | 2003-01-30 | 2004-04-06 | Foamex L.P. | Polyurethane foams with fine cell size |
| US20050038132A1 (en) * | 2003-03-19 | 2005-02-17 | Raghuram Gummaraju | Composition for forming a foamed article and an article of furniture having the foamed article disposed therein |
| US6797736B1 (en) * | 2003-03-19 | 2004-09-28 | Basf Corporation | Method of forming high resilience slabstock polyurethane foam |
| US6784218B1 (en) | 2003-03-19 | 2004-08-31 | Basf Corporation | Method of forming high resilience slabstock polyurethane foam displaying latex-like characteristics |
| JP4378624B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-10 | 2009-12-09 | 株式会社イノアックコーポレーション | シール部材の製造方法 |
| US7338983B2 (en) * | 2004-02-10 | 2008-03-04 | World Properties, Inc. | Low density polyurethane foam, method of producing, and articles comprising the same |
| US20060029788A1 (en) * | 2004-08-04 | 2006-02-09 | Foamex L.P. | Lower density, thermoformable, sound absorbing polyurethane foams |
| DE102006054197A1 (de) * | 2006-11-15 | 2008-05-21 | Henkel Kgaa | Hochfeste Polyurethan-Klebstoffe |
| BRPI0813064A2 (pt) * | 2007-08-01 | 2018-07-10 | Dow Brasil Sudeste Ind Ltda | "processo para produzir um laminado ou estrutura composta, laminado ou estrutura composta e artigo" processo para produzir um laminado ou estrutura composta, laminado ou estrutura composta e artigo |
| EP2185617B1 (de) * | 2007-08-27 | 2016-03-16 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Katalyse viskoelastischer schaumstoffe mit bismutsalzen |
| JP2010538149A (ja) * | 2007-09-07 | 2010-12-09 | ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ インコーポレイティド | フォームを改善するための低官能価天然油系化合物の使用 |
| CN101412798B (zh) | 2008-11-21 | 2011-08-10 | 优洁(亚洲)有限公司 | 软质聚氨酯低回弹泡沫及其制备方法 |
| US8901187B1 (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2014-12-02 | Hickory Springs Manufacturing Company | High resilience flexible polyurethane foam using MDI |
| US8906975B1 (en) | 2009-02-09 | 2014-12-09 | Hickory Springs Manufacturing Company | Conventional flexible polyurethane foam using MDI |
| JP4920051B2 (ja) * | 2009-02-25 | 2012-04-18 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 酸素燃焼ボイラプラント及び酸素燃焼ボイラプラントの運転方法 |
| GB0903717D0 (en) | 2009-03-04 | 2009-04-15 | Innochem Ltd | Flexible polyurethane foam |
| PT2635617T (pt) * | 2010-11-03 | 2019-02-18 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Sistemas de poliuretano auto esmagáveis |
| ES2628884T3 (es) | 2011-12-29 | 2017-08-04 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Composiciones que contienen compuestos de amina cíclica, y espumas de poliuretano elaboradas con ellos |
| EP2724834A1 (de) | 2012-10-23 | 2014-04-30 | Latexco NV | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines Bettprodukts mit Latexschaumschicht, Platte einer solchen Latexschaumschicht zum Schneiden eines Bettprodukts sowie erzeugtes Bettprodukt |
| WO2015026567A1 (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2015-02-26 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Textiles attached with low density polyurethane foams made using a combination of frothing and blowing methods |
| KR102360642B1 (ko) | 2014-04-01 | 2022-02-09 | 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 | 폴리우레탄 제품을 제조하기 위한 발포-겔 균형이 우수한 폴리에테르 폴리올 |
| BR112017020478B1 (pt) | 2015-03-31 | 2021-12-14 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Composições de poliéter poliol, formulação de espuma semirrígida, espuma semirrígida e método para formar uma espuma semirrígida |
| ES2854278T3 (es) | 2015-03-31 | 2021-09-21 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Formulaciones de espuma semiflexible |
| CN107667129A (zh) | 2015-06-19 | 2018-02-06 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 适用于聚氨基甲酸酯泡沫制造的自催化多元醇 |
| EP3469012B9 (de) | 2016-06-13 | 2022-04-06 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Autokatalytische polyole |
| US11046804B2 (en) | 2016-09-30 | 2021-06-29 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Polyol compositions |
| US20210230346A1 (en) * | 2020-01-27 | 2021-07-29 | Toyo Quality One Corporation | Sound absorbing urethane foam |
| DE202020107477U1 (de) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-01-29 | Va-Q-Tec Ag | Isolationsbehälter zur Aufnahme von temperaturempfindlichen Produkten |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3108976A (en) * | 1960-06-10 | 1963-10-29 | Du Pont | Preparation of a cured polyurethane cellular material |
| BE777216A (fr) * | 1971-01-12 | 1972-01-14 | Continental Gummi Werke Ag | Procede et dispositif de fabrication de blocs en matiere moussea surface plane dans des moules ouverts |
| US3836560A (en) * | 1971-03-08 | 1974-09-17 | Union Carbide Corp | Organosilicone polymers |
| US3753933A (en) * | 1972-04-24 | 1973-08-21 | Dow Chemical Co | Polyurethane foams from solid foaming agents |
| US3792073A (en) * | 1972-05-10 | 1974-02-12 | Union Carbide Corp | Preparation of siloxaneoxyalkylene polymers |
| US3862879A (en) * | 1973-03-12 | 1975-01-28 | Dow Chemical Co | Articles coated with air frothed polyurethane foams |
| DE2343294C3 (de) * | 1973-08-28 | 1980-03-20 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verbundmaterialien und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| US4008188A (en) * | 1975-03-24 | 1977-02-15 | Olin Corporation | On-site generation of polyurethane foam |
| US4266042A (en) * | 1977-08-22 | 1981-05-05 | Henderson's Industries Limited | Polyether-based polyurethane foams including a flame-retardant system containing antimony trioxide, a chlorinated paraffin and alumina trihydrate and method of preparation |
| EP0023749B1 (de) * | 1979-07-02 | 1983-07-06 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Verfahren und Apparat zur Herstellung von Artikeln aus flexiblem Polyurethanschaum |
| US4275172A (en) * | 1980-01-28 | 1981-06-23 | Union Carbide Corporation | Frothable polyurethane composition and a cellular foam produced therefrom suitable for use in joints between wallboards |
| WO1982000297A1 (en) * | 1980-07-15 | 1982-02-04 | J Blackwell | Production of synthetic plastics foam material |
| FR2548197B1 (fr) * | 1983-06-15 | 1986-08-08 | Desgranges Annie | Procede de fabrication de mousses liquides de resines thermodurcissables, notamment de polyurethane, et mousses obtenues |
| US4514524A (en) * | 1984-07-13 | 1985-04-30 | Stauffer Chemical Company | Intumescent flexible polyurethane foam |
| NZ222563A (en) * | 1986-11-19 | 1990-08-28 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Polyurethane froth foams |
| CA1290895C (en) * | 1986-12-25 | 1991-10-15 | Sadao Kumasaka | Method and an apparatus for producing polyurethane foam |
| US5011908A (en) * | 1988-07-12 | 1991-04-30 | Arco Chemical Technology, Inc. | Polymer polyol compositions and their use in the preparation of polyurethane foams |
| BE1002898A6 (nl) * | 1989-03-03 | 1991-07-16 | Recticel | Polyisocyanuraatschuim of met polyurethaan gemodifieerd polyisocyanuraatschuim, alsook werkwijze voor het bereiden van dit schuim. |
-
1990
- 1990-09-14 BE BE9000877A patent/BE1004588A3/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1991
- 1991-08-23 CA CA002049805A patent/CA2049805A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-08-29 DE DE69128233T patent/DE69128233T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-08-29 AT AT91202197T patent/ATE160365T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-08-29 EP EP91202197A patent/EP0482682B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-09-09 US US07/756,709 patent/US5194453A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-09-12 JP JP3233349A patent/JPH04246430A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0482682B1 (de) | 1997-11-19 |
| BE1004588A3 (nl) | 1992-12-15 |
| JPH04246430A (ja) | 1992-09-02 |
| EP0482682A1 (de) | 1992-04-29 |
| ATE160365T1 (de) | 1997-12-15 |
| US5194453A (en) | 1993-03-16 |
| DE69128233T2 (de) | 1998-04-16 |
| CA2049805A1 (en) | 1992-03-15 |
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