DE602004029257D1 - Mikroverkapseltes katalysator-ligand-system, herstellungsverfahren dafür und verfahren zur verwendung davon - Google Patents

Mikroverkapseltes katalysator-ligand-system, herstellungsverfahren dafür und verfahren zur verwendung davon

Info

Publication number
DE602004029257D1
DE602004029257D1 DE602004029257T DE602004029257T DE602004029257D1 DE 602004029257 D1 DE602004029257 D1 DE 602004029257D1 DE 602004029257 T DE602004029257 T DE 602004029257T DE 602004029257 T DE602004029257 T DE 602004029257T DE 602004029257 D1 DE602004029257 D1 DE 602004029257D1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
catalyst
phase
ligand
ligand system
microcapplated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
DE602004029257T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David Alan Pears
Kevin Edward Treacher
Mohammed Nisar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Reaxa Ltd
Original Assignee
Reaxa Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Reaxa Ltd filed Critical Reaxa Ltd
Publication of DE602004029257D1 publication Critical patent/DE602004029257D1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/24—Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
    • B01J31/2404—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/06—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation
    • B01J13/14—Polymerisation; cross-linking
    • B01J13/16—Interfacial polymerisation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • B01J27/185—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/06—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
    • B01J31/1845—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing phosphorus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/24—Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/24—Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
    • B01J31/2404—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring
    • B01J31/2409—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring with more than one complexing phosphine-P atom
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/24—Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
    • B01J31/2404—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring
    • B01J31/2409—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring with more than one complexing phosphine-P atom
    • B01J31/2414—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring with more than one complexing phosphine-P atom comprising aliphatic or saturated rings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/24—Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
    • B01J31/2404—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring
    • B01J31/2442—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring comprising condensed ring systems
    • B01J31/2447—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring comprising condensed ring systems and phosphine-P atoms as substituents on a ring of the condensed system or on a further attached ring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2231/40—Substitution reactions at carbon centres, e.g. C-C or C-X, i.e. carbon-hetero atom, cross-coupling, C-H activation or ring-opening reactions
    • B01J2231/42—Catalytic cross-coupling, i.e. connection of previously not connected C-atoms or C- and X-atoms without rearrangement
    • B01J2231/4205—C-C cross-coupling, e.g. metal catalyzed or Friedel-Crafts type
    • B01J2231/4211—Suzuki-type, i.e. RY + R'B(OR)2, in which R, R' are optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, acyl and Y is the leaving group
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/02—Compositional aspects of complexes used, e.g. polynuclearity
    • B01J2531/0261—Complexes comprising ligands with non-tetrahedral chirality
    • B01J2531/0266—Axially chiral or atropisomeric ligands, e.g. bulky biaryls such as donor-substituted binaphthalenes, e.g. "BINAP" or "BINOL"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
    • B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
    • B01J2531/824—Palladium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/20—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state
    • B01J35/23—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state in a colloidal state

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
DE602004029257T 2003-08-14 2004-08-13 Mikroverkapseltes katalysator-ligand-system, herstellungsverfahren dafür und verfahren zur verwendung davon Expired - Lifetime DE602004029257D1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0319071.7A GB0319071D0 (en) 2003-08-14 2003-08-14 Catalyst and process
PCT/GB2004/003504 WO2005016510A1 (en) 2003-08-14 2004-08-13 Microencapsulated catalyst-ligand system, methods of preparation and methods of use thereof

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE602004029257D1 true DE602004029257D1 (de) 2010-11-04

Family

ID=28052482

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE602004029257T Expired - Lifetime DE602004029257D1 (de) 2003-08-14 2004-08-13 Mikroverkapseltes katalysator-ligand-system, herstellungsverfahren dafür und verfahren zur verwendung davon

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US20070027028A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1654055B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4865555B2 (de)
KR (1) KR20060123701A (de)
CN (1) CN100475329C (de)
AT (1) ATE482025T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2004265147A1 (de)
BR (1) BRPI0413485A (de)
CA (1) CA2533914A1 (de)
DE (1) DE602004029257D1 (de)
GB (1) GB0319071D0 (de)
NO (1) NO20060545L (de)
WO (1) WO2005016510A1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA200601286B (de)

Families Citing this family (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3593317B2 (ja) * 2001-03-05 2004-11-24 独立行政法人 科学技術振興機構 マイクロカプセル化金属触媒
US6974592B2 (en) * 2002-04-11 2005-12-13 Ocean Nutrition Canada Limited Encapsulated agglomeration of microcapsules and method for the preparation thereof
ES2347045T3 (es) * 2002-11-04 2010-10-25 Ocean Nutrition Canada Limited Microcapsulas que tienen multiples cortezas, y metodo para su preparacion.
US8034450B2 (en) * 2005-01-21 2011-10-11 Ocean Nutrition Canada Limited Microcapsules and emulsions containing low bloom gelatin and methods of making and using thereof
US9968120B2 (en) * 2006-05-17 2018-05-15 Dsm Nutritional Products Ag Homogenized formulations containing microcapsules and methods of making and using thereof
GB0518704D0 (en) * 2005-09-14 2005-10-19 Madison Filter 981 Ltd Scavenging filter
GB0603501D0 (en) * 2006-02-22 2006-04-05 Reaxa Ltd Catalyst
JP2009533490A (ja) * 2006-04-07 2009-09-17 オーシャン ニュートリッション カナダ リミテッド 低い界面張力を有する物質を含む乳濁液およびマイクロカプセル、ならびにそれらを作製および使用する方法
NZ573327A (en) * 2006-06-05 2012-07-27 Ocean Nutrition Canada Ltd Microcapsules with improved shells
WO2008127423A2 (en) * 2006-11-14 2008-10-23 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. Microencapsulated catalyst systems
ES2604081T3 (es) * 2007-01-10 2017-03-02 Dsm Nutritional Products Ag Microcápsulas que incluyen proteína de guisante
KR100957986B1 (ko) * 2007-12-27 2010-05-17 주식회사 포스코 무기화합물 함유 마이크로 캡슐을 포함하는 자기 보수성 피막이 코팅된 표면처리강판 및 강판의 자기 보수성 표면처리 피막 형성용 수지 조성물
CN101270312B (zh) * 2008-01-16 2012-05-09 华南理工大学 一种煤炭燃烧催化剂微囊及其生产方法
CN101215491B (zh) * 2008-01-16 2012-05-09 华南理工大学 一种节能环保的煤炭燃烧催化剂
GB0902634D0 (en) * 2009-02-18 2009-04-01 Reaxa Ltd Microencapsulated catalyst
JP2011021870A (ja) * 2009-06-17 2011-02-03 Sanden Corp 冷凍回路及びその改良法
ES2628087T3 (es) * 2010-06-25 2017-08-01 Cognis Ip Management Gmbh Procedimiento para producir microcápsulas
BR112013000232A2 (pt) 2010-07-08 2024-03-12 Dow Global Technologies Llc Processo para preparar um polímero baseado em poliisocianato
JP2014520665A (ja) * 2011-06-29 2014-08-25 ザ ユニバーシティ オブ アクロン 封入および固定化の方法
US20160145464A1 (en) 2013-07-25 2016-05-26 Omg Uk Technology Limited Encapsulated catalysts
BR112016025065B8 (pt) * 2014-05-02 2023-05-16 Dow Agrosciences Llc Formulação de suspensão de microcápsulas, composição fertilizante, e processo para supressão de nitrificação de nitrogênio de amônio em meio de crescimento
EP3170847A1 (de) 2015-11-20 2017-05-24 OMG Borchers GmbH Eingekapselte beschleuniger für beschichtungen
JP6938514B2 (ja) 2016-01-14 2021-09-22 アイエスピー インヴェストメンツ エルエルシー シェルが砕けやすいマイクロカプセル並びにその調整方法及び使用方法
JP6921801B2 (ja) * 2016-03-11 2021-08-18 東洋合成工業株式会社 担持型金属触媒
US10843180B2 (en) 2018-10-02 2020-11-24 Prc-Desoto International, Inc. Delayed cure micro-encapsulated catalysts
CN112774713A (zh) * 2021-01-25 2021-05-11 华南理工大学 用于电催化协同产氢的双金属核壳催化剂及其制备方法与应用

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5008457A (en) * 1990-05-17 1991-04-16 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Chiral phospholane transition metal catalysts
JP4295381B2 (ja) * 1998-03-02 2009-07-15 和光純薬工業株式会社 酸化オスミウム組成物
ATE223750T1 (de) * 1998-03-02 2002-09-15 Wako Pure Chem Ind Ltd Mikroverkapselte osmiumoxidzusammensetzung
JP3695521B2 (ja) * 2000-08-01 2005-09-14 信越化学工業株式会社 液状エポキシ樹脂組成物及び半導体装置
JP3593317B2 (ja) * 2001-03-05 2004-11-24 独立行政法人 科学技術振興機構 マイクロカプセル化金属触媒
CA2453113A1 (en) * 2001-07-12 2003-01-23 Avecia Limited Microencapsulated catalyst, methods of preparation and methods of use thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20070027028A1 (en) 2007-02-01
ZA200601286B (en) 2007-04-25
EP1654055B1 (de) 2010-09-22
ATE482025T1 (de) 2010-10-15
NO20060545L (no) 2006-03-13
EP1654055A1 (de) 2006-05-10
GB0319071D0 (en) 2003-09-17
JP4865555B2 (ja) 2012-02-01
AU2004265147A1 (en) 2005-02-24
BRPI0413485A (pt) 2006-10-17
CA2533914A1 (en) 2005-02-24
CN100475329C (zh) 2009-04-08
WO2005016510A1 (en) 2005-02-24
JP2007502203A (ja) 2007-02-08
CN1835793A (zh) 2006-09-20
KR20060123701A (ko) 2006-12-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE602004029257D1 (de) Mikroverkapseltes katalysator-ligand-system, herstellungsverfahren dafür und verfahren zur verwendung davon
MXPA04000196A (es) Catalizador microencapsulado, metodos de preparacion y metodos para su uso.
HK1078047A1 (en) Method for encapsulating paraffin compounds that can undergo phase transitional and microcapsule resulting therefrom
Wang et al. A Gold‐Immobilized Microchannel Flow Reactor for Oxidation of Alcohols with Molecular Oxygen
Bagherzadeh et al. Nanoparticle supported, magnetically separable vanadium complex as catalyst for selective oxidation of sulfides
ATE480548T1 (de) Adamantylgruppen enthaltende phosphanliganden, deren herstellung und ihre verwendung in katalytischen reaktionen
WO2003051934A3 (en) Production of olefin polymerisation catalysts
DE50002730D1 (de) Katalytisches verfahren zur modifizierung von kohlenhydraten, alkoholen, aldehyden oder polyhydroxyverbindungen
WO2008127423A3 (en) Microencapsulated catalyst systems
DE60301629D1 (de) Zerstörung von perchlorat in einer lösung aus eisen(iii)-chlorid und salzsäure unter kontrolle von temperatur, druck und chemischen reagenzien
CN105046114B (zh) 防止android应用程序被隐藏的方法、系统及智能终端
Rabanal et al. Changes in PCO2 and pH gradients in a canine model of experimental acute hemorrhage
Anna Jaguar uses knowledge-based tools to reduce model development times
WO2006033666A3 (en) Nanoreactors and method of making
Arizmendi-Sánchez et al. Multilevel phenomenological modelling approach to support the evaluation and generation of intensified processes
Wang Research on the Optimized Application Model of Enterprise Management Software in Employee Management
Iyenghar Systematic Synthesis of Energy-Aware Timing Models in Automotive Software Systems
Fageria Synthesis of Metal Semiconducting Metal Oxide and Sulfide Nanomaterials for Catalysis and Photocatalysis
Feuer Managing manufacturing processes
Meader Metal Nanoparticle Synthesis by Photochemical Reduction with a High-Intensity Focused Laser Beam
Lamei et al. Carbon coated Cu nanostructures as a green nanocatalyst for Suzuki crosscoupling reaction
Nihan et al. Copper,[[4, 4′‐bi‐1, 3‐benzodioxole]‐5, 5′‐diylbis [bis [3, 5‐bis (1, 1‐dimethylethyl)‐4‐methoxyphenyl] phosphine‐κ P]] hydro‐Copper,[4, 4′, 4 ″, 4′′′‐[(4R)‐[4, 4′‐Bi‐1, 3‐benzodioxole]‐5, 5′‐diyldi (phosphinidyne‐κP)]‐tetrakis [2, 6‐bis (1, 1‐dimethylethyl) phenol]] hydro‐
Parsana et al. Using Factory Design Pattern for Database Connection and Daos (Data Access Objects) With Struts Framework
Ongkingco Modular Interfaces for Program Components
Aveni Plan to Reduce'Dead Zone'Will Cost $1 Billion Annually.