DE596890C - Drive for small compressors, especially for refrigeration machines - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN EMPIRE

Bibliotheek

\ ur. ^! · 4. '- "- ze
18 APR. 1935

ISSUED ON
MARCH 18, 1935

REICH PATENT OFFICE

PATENT LETTERING

CLASS 17a GROUP 3o4

© ipl.-3ng.Wilhelm König in Frankfurt a. M.

Addition to patent 584

Patented in the German Empire on August 21, 1932 The main patent started on March 4, 1931.

In the patent 584 764 a drive for compressors is described in which a designed as an armature of an electromagnet, sprung mass in resonance vibrations is moved. This anchor tries to increase its oscillation amplitude, if the system is no longer braked sufficiently, i.e. the compressor pressure is too low. In this case the piston hits the cylinder cover and it can irtclge the high Secondary number of strokes a rapid destruction of the machine take place. To prevent this, one has to regulate the piston stroke instead of simply adjusting the stroke Limit stop, as is usual with the known magnetic compressors. If the machine is at a standstill, the pressure escapes from the pressure line and when it is switched on the machine pushes the piston like this

ao long on the cylinder cover until there is pressure in the line and the connected containers is high enough to slow down the piston movement sufficiently. About the resistance that the compressor has to the vibratory motion on the other hand, to maintain in this case too, the gas flow can be throttled at any point, so that a pressure difference arises and the compressor has to work.

For this purpose, a pressure chamber is connected, for example, behind the compressor, which is separated from the pressure line by a spring-loaded valve, which is used for this ensures that a certain pressure cannot be fallen below in the chamber. This chamber must be so small that when the compressor is switched on, a sufficiently high pressure develops immediately before the Vibration has rocked so far that the piston could hit. This device thus permanently ensures that the oscillatory movement has a certain resistance is opposed and, as a result, the piston stroke cannot become too great. But it does not prevent one Decrease in the force of the magnet that the stroke becomes too small and the degree of delivery of the compressor deteriorates. There are still devices to avoid this described, which not only a larger stroke of the piston movement when the stroke is too large Oppose resistance, but also reduce the resistance if the stroke is too small, by z. B. the compressor pressure is changed or a brake is applied.

However, this additional braking causes a loss of energy, which by the Electromagnets have to be generated and so on

makes a higher machine power required. To avoid this, one can make the strength of the electromagnet adjustable by connecting variable ones Resistors or reactors or by temporarily switching off the magnet.

The upstream connection of choke coils or

However, resistors do not allow the full utilization of the magnet. Also mean

to the switching contacts required for this an impairment of operational safety. To \ ⁷ ermeidung these evils can make a detuning of the oscillating system at large to stroke. This regulation is then characterized by the fact that it does not cause any losses.

Since the present oscillation system is a system of two coupled Mass acts, the armature and piston

»Ο on the one hand and the housing on the other hand, a detuning of the system can also be achieved, by influencing the housing. Will If the machine is now rigidly attached to the foundation, there is also an influence natural oscillation, i.e. a detuning of the oscillation system, which is undesirable is because it constantly disturbs the resonance state and the performance of the machine constantly lowers. The machine must therefore be stored on the foundation in such a way that forces can be transmitted in the direction of oscillation is not possible, for example by placing the housing on Rolls are supported or on springs, which are very flexible in the direction of oscillation. This measure differs from the usual way of machines on springs fasten, 'by' avoiding a reduction in the performance of the compressor here should be, while with the otherwise usual storage of machines on springs a transfer of bumps to the foundation

: .. ■ ment is prevented and the performance of the The machine is not influenced by the type of attachment.

In the known magnetic compressors, the piston was rigidly attached to the magnet armature. But if the piston is also rigidly connected to the magnet armature in the present compressor, the piston becomes pressed against the cylinder wall, since the direction of oscillation is practically imprecise can be guided in the cylinder axis. As a result, there is both wear and tear of the Piston and cylinder as well as a reduction in performance. To avoid this, the piston is attached to the armature articulated or elastically connected such that the direction of oscillation of the armature of the Cylinder axis can deviate freely. This could be done, for example, in such a way that one

the piston with the armature by a rigid rod with two ball joints or by connects a flexible steel wire.

The embodiments discussed are described below by way of example. In the Images means:

Fig.r Compressor drive, which is connected to a pressure chamber in which through a spring-loaded valve provides the counterpressure necessary to slow down the movement is maintained

Fig. 2 Compressor drive connected to a device that controls the pressure increased in the pressure chamber when the stroke is too large and decreased when the stroke is too small, see above that the piston stroke remains almost constant, ■ • Fig. 3 a device for regulation the attraction of the magnet,

Fig. 4 a device for regulating the piston stroke by detuning the Vibration system,

Fig. 5 Representation of the structure of the machine as a system of two coupled Masses attached to the foundation by springs.

In Fig. Ι the electromagnet 1 displaces the armature 3 attached to springs 2 in resonance oscillations. The piston 5 is through the. Connecting rod 4 is attached to the armature 3 and pushes the compressed gas in the pressure chamber 6, which is closed off from the outside by the membrane 9. The membrane 9 is tensioned by the spring 10, the tension of which is set by the spring plate 11 can be. The pressure line is connected to the nozzle 7 and is through the shut-off valve connected to the membrane 9 8 separated from the chamber 6. The membrane 9 is now stretched so that in the chamber 6 there is a constant pressure which is so high that the compressor does not lift its stroke can increase inadmissibly much more. The chamber 6 is kept so small that when Switch on the machine immediately, as required to brake the compressor Pressure adjusts.

This effect can be supported by the fact that the thrust of the piston is caught by an air cushion. This is to be carried out, for example, that after Fig. Ι and 2 of the piston receives a round extension 12 which is inserted into the bore 13 of the Pressure valve penetrates and blocks the extension if the stroke is too large.

In Fig. 2, the resistance which the piston opposes the movement of the armature is controlled so that a reduction in the size of the Stroke is avoided by lowering the compressor pressure. The one shown in Fig. 2 Apart from the additional control, the machine is the same as that shown in Fig. 1.

It is only the membrane 9 so stretched that it opens the valve 8 at a pressure that is lower than the allowable pressure, so that the machine tends to increase its stroke. This pushes the stop 17 on the armature 3 aii, the valve 18 and sets by the. Line 14 at each "stroke a short-term connection between pressure chamber 6 and Spring chamber 15, and it flows all the more

"Ο compressed gas" after chamber 15, depending further the vibration of the armature has exceeded the normal level. The overflowing Compressed gas is supplied through an opening which can be changed by means of a regulating screw 16 jammed, and there is thus a pressure "in the spring chamber 15, which is the higher", the more the stroke has exceeded the normal level. As a result, the valve 8 is closed more and the pressure cannot be controlled behind the compressor increased until the stroke went back to normal is. If the stroke of the compressor is too small, the valve 18 remains closed, since the stop 17 can no longer touch the valve cone. It flows as a result no more gas after the spring chamber 15, so that the pressure in the spring chamber by the Port 16 empties slowly. This relieves the pressure on the diaphragm 9 and the valve 8 opened more and the pressure immediately downstream of the compressor decreased, whereby then 'the amplitude is brought to its normal size.

Fig. 3 shows how to regulate the strength of the magnet in a similar * way can. The armature 1 lifts the valve cone 2 with increasing oscillation amplitude, the is pressed onto its seat by a spring. This increases the pressure in the chamber 3, which is connected to the pressure line via the throttle valve 5. It the membrane 4 bends inward and moves the contact lever 6, which has more turns a regulating resistor or a choke coil switches on and thus the strength of the magnet is reduced. If the oscillation amplitude is too small, valve 2 will not pressed more, and the reverse process occurs.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 4, the vibration system is automatically influenced, if the deflection of the oscillating armature is too large, namely by the fact that the System spring tension is changed.

This is done by the fact that additional springs 1 on the vibrating one to the springs Anchors are arranged, which are connected to pistons 2, which are in corresponding pressure cylinders to find oneself. In front of this piston pressure is passed as press water or pressurized oil, and this hydraulic pressure is regulated by a valve, which is roughly similar to the arrangement according to Fig. 2 forms a stop that is actuated by the armature that swings out too far will. The valve is then opened when the stop is actuated, so that more pressure is applied reaches the piston and thereby the additional springs are tensioned.

So that the natural oscillation of the system by attaching it to the foundation does not -. is influenced, becomes appropriate. According to Fig. 5, the entire oscillation system is placed on springs 4, which are on the foundation 5 are attached. The springs can give way in the horizontal direction, but they are against it Stiff enough vertically to support the whole machine. Instead of Springs can also be provided with rollers or the like.

Claims (9)

Patent claims: 1. Drive for small compressors, especially for refrigeration machines, by means of a mass whose natural frequency is at resonance with the excitation frequency of an electromagnetic alternating field is matched, according to patent 584 764, characterized in that between the pressure valve of the compressor and the Pressure line a special small space is turned on, which is against the pressure line is completed by an automatically operating throttle valve. 2. Drive according to patent 584 764, characterized in that when too large Rash the anchor hits against a stop, the displacement of which by means of a control device the rash of the anchor decreased. 3. embodiment of the drive according to the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the throttle valve is additionally loaded when the armature of the vibration system is closed large rash against the stop. 4. Drive according to the preceding claims, characterized in that If the deflection is too great, the armature opens a uo valve, which opens a pneumatic one There is pressure on the load on the throttle valve. 5. Drive according to patent 584 764, characterized in that the armature if the deflection is too large, it hits a stop which electrically causes the magnetic Affected field of the vibration system. 6. Drive according to claim 5, characterized in that the stop is a Ven- ■ actuated, the adjustment of which requires a change in a room that is connected to the electrical control device connected movable wall (membrane, piston o. The like.) Has. 7. Drive according to patent 584764, thereby characterized in that if the oscillation system has a too large deflection the spring tension of the system is changed. 8. Drive according to claim 7, characterized characterized in that the change in the spring tension by additional springs takes place, the change in pressure on piston connected to these springs 0. will be set. 9. Drive according to patent 584764, thereby characterized in that the whole vibration system is mounted on rollers, springs or the like, which are in the direction of vibration are compliant. 1 sheet of drawings