DE577835C - Process for the refinement of coals, tars, mineral oils, their extraction and distillation mixtures and residues - Google Patents

Process for the refinement of coals, tars, mineral oils, their extraction and distillation mixtures and residues

Info

Publication number
DE577835C
DE577835C DEB121721D DEB0121721D DE577835C DE 577835 C DE577835 C DE 577835C DE B121721 D DEB121721 D DE B121721D DE B0121721 D DEB0121721 D DE B0121721D DE 577835 C DE577835 C DE 577835C
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
tars
residues
mineral oils
extraction
coals
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DEB121721D
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Dr Carl Krauch
Dr Mathias Pier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IG Farbenindustrie AG
Original Assignee
IG Farbenindustrie AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IG Farbenindustrie AG filed Critical IG Farbenindustrie AG
Priority to DEB121721D priority Critical patent/DE577835C/en
Priority to FR32139D priority patent/FR32139E/en
Priority to FR33972D priority patent/FR33972E/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE577835C publication Critical patent/DE577835C/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/08Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal with moving catalysts
    • C10G1/086Characterised by the catalyst used

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Description

Verfahren zur Veredlung- von Kohlen, Teeren, 1Vlinerailölen, deren Extraktions-und Destillationsgemischen und Rückständen Es ist bekannt; Kohle, Teers, Mineralöle u. dgl. durch Hochdruckhydrierung bei An-oder Abwesenheit von Katalysatoren in wertvolle flüssige organische Produkte überzuführen.Process for the refinement of coals, tars, 1Vlinerailölen, their Extraction and distillation mixtures and residues It is known; Coal, tar, Mineral oils and the like by high pressure hydrogenation in the presence or absence of catalysts to be converted into valuable liquid organic products.

Es hat sich nun gezeigt, daß. xnan aus den genannten Ausgangsstoffen sowie aus deren Extraktions- und Destillationsgemischen und Rückständen durch Einwirkung von Wasserstoß .oder Wasserstoff enthaltenden Gasen leicht wertvolle flüssige Produkte, und zwar überwiegend solche von der Art mehr oder weniger leichter Mineralöle, erhalten kann, wenn man unter Anwendung genügend energischer Bedingungen des Druckes und der Temperatur in Gegenwart von Kontaktmassen arbeitet, die Oxyde des Thoriums, der seltenen Erdmetalle oder Oxyde oder Carbonate des Urans, Mangans oder Vanadins enthalten. Die Kontaktmassen können auch mehrere solcher Verbindungen und auch weitere Zusatzstoffe enthalten, als welche sich. beispielsweise Metalle oder Verbindungen der Elemente der B. Gruppe mit Ausnahme von Eisen und Nickel in solcher Form, daß@ sie unter den Reaktionsbedingungen Carbonyl oder Methaxi bilden, als geeignet :erwiesen haben. Es hat sich -überraschenderweise gezeigt, daß sich diese Kontaktmassen gegenüber den in ErdöL sowie auch in Kohlen, Teeren und deren Bestandteilen :enthaltenen Verunreinigungen, die vielfach auf Katalysatoren vergiftend wirken, indifferent verhalten. und daher im Dauergebrauch ihre katalytische Wirksamkeit nicht oder nur langsam verlieren.It has now been shown that. xnan from the starting materials mentioned as well as from their extraction and distillation mixtures and residues through action liquid products that are easily valuable from water surge or gases containing hydrogen, namely predominantly those of the type of more or less light mineral oils can, if one is using enough energetic conditions of pressure and the temperature works in the presence of contact masses, the oxides of thorium, of the rare earth metals or oxides or carbonates of uranium, manganese or vanadium contain. The contact masses can also have several such compounds and also others Contain additives as what. for example metals or compounds of the elements of group B. with the exception of iron and nickel in such a form that @ they form carbonyl or methax under the reaction conditions, as suitable: proven to have. It has been shown, surprisingly, that these contact masses are opposite the impurities contained in crude oil as well as in coals, tars and their components, who often have a poisoning effect on catalysts, behave indifferently. and therefore Do not lose their catalytic effectiveness or only slowly lose them in long-term use.

Zur Ausführung des Verfahrens arbeitet man hier allgemein bei Temperaturen oberhalb 35o°, zweckmäßig oberhalb q.00°, und unter Drucken oberhalb 5o at; es eignet sich vorzüglich zur Behandlung von z. B. Steinkohle, Braunkohle, Torf usw., deren Diestilla.tions- und Extraktionsprodukten sowie von Holzteer usw. Auch die verschiedensten Erdöle und Schieferöle, deren Fraktionen und Rückstände sowie überhaupt kohlenstoffhaltige Substanzen lassen sich mit diesen Katalysatoreri, ohne daß zufolge der stets. vorhandenen VerunreinvgungenVergiftungs@ersclieinungen leintreten, in wertvolle, hauptsächlich niedrigsiedende Kohlenwasserstofte überführsri.The process is generally carried out here at temperatures above 35o °, expediently above q.00 °, and under pressures above 50 at; it is suitable excellent for the treatment of z. B. coal, lignite, peat, etc., their Diestilla.tions- and extraction products as well as wood tar, etc. Also the most diverse Crude oils and shale oils, their fractions and residues as well as carbonaceous oils in general Substances can be used with these catalysts, without the result of the always. existing Impurities and poisoning occur, in valuable, mainly low-boiling hydrocarbons transferring.

Statt Wasserstoff können auch wasserstoffhaltige Gasgemische, z. B. Stickstoff-Wasserstoff-Gemische oder Wassergas oder Wasserstoff mit einem Gehalt an Schwefelsvasser-4 stoff oder an Wasserdampf oder an Kohlenwasserstoferi, wie Methan, Verwendung finden:.Instead of hydrogen, hydrogen-containing gas mixtures, e.g. B. Nitrogen-hydrogen mixtures or water gas or hydrogen with a content to sulfur water-4 substance or water vapor or hydrocarbons, like methane, find use :.

Man hat zwar schon vorgeschlagen, Gemische schwer reduzierbarer Oxyde von Metalleau aus verschiedenen Gruppen des periodischen Systems mit überwiegendem basischerem Bestandteil bei der Ausführung organischer Katalysen', wie z. B. bei der Kohlenoxyds reduktion, der Überführung von Äthylen in Äthan; der Toluoloxydation und der Gewinnung von Acetaldehyd aus Acetylen, zu verwenden. Demgegenüber bezieht sich die vorliegende Erfindung auf ein ganz spezielles Verfahren, nämlich die Druckhydrierung von Kohlenarien, Teeren, Mineralölen usw. zwecks Gewinnung von Produkten von der Art mehr oder weniger leichter Mineralöle, wobei die Einhaltung ,ganz bestimmter Arbeitsbedingungen, wie Anwendung eines Druckes von. mehr als 5o at und von Temperaturen oberhalb 35o°2 zweckmäßig oberhalb 4o0°, sowie die Verwendung .einer Anzahl ganz bestimmter, einzeln aufgeführter, besonders geeigneter Katalysatoren ,erforderlich ist. Die Druckhydrierung von Kohlenarien, Teeren, Mineralölen usw. ist auch mit den erwähnten, chemisch weit einfacheren, meist genau zu verfolgenden organischen Katalysen nicht vergleichbar. Beispiel t Steinkohlenteerkresole werden kontinuierlich mit :einem Stickstoff-Wasgerstoff-Gemisch bei 'etwa ¢50° und :einem Druck von etwa z5o at über-Kontaktmassen geleitet, die die Oxyde des Silbers und Titans enthalten. Hierbei werden die Kxesole völlig reduziert und die-entsprechenden KOhllenwasserstoffe erhalten:. Ähnlich wirken Kontaktmassen, die Mariganoxyd, Silberborat oder Gemische von Kupfer- und Ceroxyd oder Silber- und Kobaltoxyd usw.enthalten.It has already been proposed to use mixtures of oxides that are difficult to reduce von Metalleau from different groups of the periodic table with predominant more basic constituent in the execution of organic catalysis', such as. B. at the reduction of carbon oxides, the conversion of ethylene into ethane; the oxidation of toluene and the recovery of acetaldehyde from acetylene. In contrast, relates The present invention relates to a very special process, namely pressure hydrogenation of coal arias, tars, mineral oils, etc. for the purpose of obtaining products from the Kind of more or less lighter mineral oils, with compliance being more specific Working conditions, such as applying a pressure of. more than 5o at and of temperatures above 35o ° 2 expediently above 40 °, as well as the use of .a number completely certain, individually listed, particularly suitable catalysts are required is. The pressure hydrogenation of carboariums, tars, mineral oils, etc. is also with the above-mentioned, chemically far simpler, mostly precisely traceable organic ones Catalysts not comparable. Example t Coal tar cresols are continuous with: a nitrogen-hydrogen mixture at 'about 50 ° and: a pressure of about z5o at passed through contact masses which contain the oxides of silver and titanium. Here, the carbon sols and the corresponding hydrocarbons are completely reduced obtain:. Contact masses, marigan oxide, silver borate or mixtures have a similar effect of copper and cerium oxide or silver and cobalt oxide, etc.

Beispiel 2 Braunkohlengeneratorteer wird unter 2ooat Druck und bei seiner 'Temperatur von etwa 5oo° kontinuierlich mit einem Stickstoff-Wasserstoff.-Gemisch in: Gegenwart ;eines Katalysators behandelt, der aus mit Vanadinoxyd überzogenem porösem Material besteht. Es entsteht ein Produkt, das 'bis zu 5o % Benzin, enthält.Example 2 Lignite generator tar is under 2ooat pressure and at its' temperature of about 500 ° continuously with a nitrogen-hydrogen mixture in: presence; treated with a catalyst made from vanadium oxide coated porous material. The result is a product that contains up to 50% petrol.

An: Stelle des Vanadinoxyds kann auch Thoroxyd oder auch z. B. eiii Gemisch von Verbindungen des Urans und Zinks oder des Silbers und Wolframs mit oder ohne Träger verwendet werden.Instead of vanadium oxide, thoroxide or z. B. eiii Mixture of compounds of uranium and zinc or of silver and tungsten with or can be used without a carrier.

Claims (1)

PATENTANSPRUCH: Verfahren: zur Veredelung von Kohlen, Teeren, Mineralölen, deren Extraktions-und Destillationsgemischen und Rückständen durch Hochdruckhydrierung mittels Wasserstoffs !oder Wasserstoff enthaltender Gase in strömendem Zustand in Gegenwart von Kontaktmassen, dadurch: gekennzeichnet, da,ß. man Kontaktmasgen verwendet, die Oxyde des Thoriums, der sel tenen Erdmetalle :oder Oxyde oder Carlonate des Urans, Mangans oder Vanadins ,enthalten.PATENT CLAIM: Process: for refining coals, tars, mineral oils, their extraction and distillation mixtures and residues by high pressure hydrogenation by means of hydrogen! or gases containing hydrogen in a flowing state in Presence of contact masses, characterized by: marked, da, ß. you use contact masks, the oxides of thorium, the rare earth metals: or oxides or carlonates of Contains uranium, manganese or vanadium.
DEB121721D 1925-02-14 1925-09-10 Process for the refinement of coals, tars, mineral oils, their extraction and distillation mixtures and residues Expired DE577835C (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEB121721D DE577835C (en) 1925-09-10 1925-09-10 Process for the refinement of coals, tars, mineral oils, their extraction and distillation mixtures and residues
FR32139D FR32139E (en) 1925-02-14 1926-08-17 Process for converting coal, tars, mineral oils, etc., into high value liquid products
FR33972D FR33972E (en) 1925-02-14 1927-08-06 Process for converting coal, tars, mineral oils, etc., into high value liquid products

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEB121721D DE577835C (en) 1925-09-10 1925-09-10 Process for the refinement of coals, tars, mineral oils, their extraction and distillation mixtures and residues

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE577835C true DE577835C (en) 1933-06-06

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DEB121721D Expired DE577835C (en) 1925-02-14 1925-09-10 Process for the refinement of coals, tars, mineral oils, their extraction and distillation mixtures and residues

Country Status (1)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1025548B (en) * 1955-03-26 1958-03-06 Metallgesellschaft Ag Process for the catalytic hydrogenation treatment of hydrocarbons

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1025548B (en) * 1955-03-26 1958-03-06 Metallgesellschaft Ag Process for the catalytic hydrogenation treatment of hydrocarbons

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