DE4017084A1 - Compsn. for increasing stress tolerance of crops - contg. mono- or di:ethanolamide derivs. of fatty acid mixts. - Google Patents

Abstract

Compsn. for increasing the stress-tolerance, esp. the dry-tolerance of crops, esp. cereal crops, comprises: (a) mono-or diethenolamide derivs. of fatty acid mixts., of formula (I), esp. derived from fatty acids of plant origin, such as Brassica naps ssp. napus and Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera, with a C22:1, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acid content greater then 50%; and (b) conventional carriers and auxiliaries. R1 = plant fatty acid residue with 13-21C atoms; R2 = H or CH2CH2OH. ADVANTAGE - The compsn. is toxicologically favourable to known compsns. which inhibit transpination but which also inhibit photosynthesis on plant metabolism. Prepn. of the compsn. is economical. (5pp Dwg.No.0/0)

Description

The agents according to the invention can improve tolerance applied to crops against abiotic stressors will.

Characteristic of the known prior art

It is known that with the help of soil conditioners Plants' water exposure can potentially be increased (DD-PS 1 25 372; US-PS 49 27 428; DE-OS 2 13 286); however considerable effector expenses are required. It is further known that with the help of antiperspirant substances water utilization can be improved. For that be As is well known, funds are used that lead to either a drastic Reduction of the stoma aperture of the leaves lead or the Formation of molecular films with low water vapor permeability enable.

The stoma-closing substances include phenylphosphonium salts, Phenylmercury acetate (DD-PS 2 17 995), carbamoylamino-1,2,3-thiodiazole (DD-PS 1 03 124), aliphatic hydroxy, epoxy and ketomonocarboxylic acids (DD-PS 96 002, DD-PS 75 420, DE-OS 17 67 829 and decenylsuccinic acid, aryl sulfonates, N-benzylimidazoles (DD-PS 85 224) and chloroethanthionophosphonic dichloride (DD-PS 85 224). Waterproof films form, for example Alcohols with a chain length of C₁₁ to C₂₂ mixed with Ethylene oxide, oleic acid and silicon compounds (US Pat. No. 2,333,887, US-PS 29 23 095) and paraffin waxes, for. B. petroleum waxes under Addition of sorbitan monooleates as emulsifiers (DE-OS 17 67 100), the latter preparations being plant growth  stimulate. The disadvantage of the drastically antiperspirant Groups of substances consist of the fact that the Photosynthesis and biological production are inhibited. Under climatic conditions with only occasional moderate drought often leads to the effector-related limitation of photosynthesis Depression in crop production. With abscisic acid - a phytohormone - is an end-effective improved Water utilization can only be achieved with 4 to 10 doses. 1-tricontanol effects (DE-OS 27 22 384) on growth lead to none effective water use. In addition, substance production expensive.

Known phytoeffectors (chlorcholine chloride, Ethrel), which are used for Growth regulation used only improve sporadically and insufficient use of water. same for for humates that promote root growth. The most profitable water-saving effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DD-PS 1 26 141, SU-PS 10 17 252) are opposed to occupational hygiene disadvantages. By using brassinolides, the resistance in crop plants bypassing toxicological disadvantages (JP 1 13 567/85, DE-OS 35 33 633). At the same time, in single plant experiments the biological under certain conditions Fabric production of cereals and potatoes with higher significance than increased in phytohormones (DE-OS 35 33 033, JP-OS 57-1 18 503). However, this increase in earnings is without demonstrable positive influence on the plant water balance. An improvement in salt tolerance, which at the same time with a profit-increasing Water balance optimization is coupled through biogenic and synthetic ethanolamines on single plants in the field reached (DD-PS 2 55 871, DD-PS 1 51 104), the application rates from an environmental-hygienic point of view, the usual standards for growth regulators correspond, but future effectors with higher molar biological activity.

The microbial fatty acid mixtures used according to DD-PS 2 26 471 Origin have very different characteristics depending on the batch Fatty acid spectrum so that different biological Effects were determined.

Aim of the invention

The aim of the invention is to provide new means of increasing the stress tolerance crops, especially to increase drought tolerance, with favorable toxicological properties too develop.

State the nature of the invention

The invention has for its object means for increasing to develop the drought tolerance of crops that are inexpensive to manufacture and toxicologically safe. The object is achieved in that means for Increasing the stress tolerance, primarily drought tolerance of crops in addition to conventional auxiliaries and carriers as an active ingredient Mixture of fatty acid ethanolamides according to general formula I.

in the
R₁ = fatty acid residue of vegetable origin with 13 to 21 carbon atoms,
R₂ = -H or -CH₂-CH₂-OH and
R₃ = -CH₂-CH₂-OH
mean contain.

The vegetable oil on which the fatty acid residue is based is preferably obtained from the seeds of Brassica napus ssp. napus and Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera or mixtures thereof with a mass fraction of over 50% of C _{22: 1} , C _{18: 1} , C _{18: 2} and C _{18: 3} fatty acids.

The effect of stress tolerance is increased by adding diamines according to formula II

NH₂- (CH₂) _n -NH₂ (II)

where n can take on values from 2 to 5 or by spermidine according to formula III

H₂N- (CH₂) ₃-NH- (CH₂) ₄-NH₂ (III)

reinforced.

The advantage of using the agents according to the invention is in that to achieve the same production biological Effect compared to known means less effort or if comparable quantities are used, an increase in yield of over 10% has occurred.

Natural triglycerides are particularly suitable as the starting product for the fatty acid ethanolamides, the total fatty acid of which is more than 40% C _{22: 1} -, <10% C _{18: 1} -, <10% C _{18: 2} - and <10% C _{18: 3} as the main component Fatty acids, but contain at least 50% by weight of unsaturated fatty acids in the total fatty acid quantity.

In the following working examples a fatty acid diethanolamide was used used a triglyceride with the following fatty acid spectrum was based on:

C _{14: 0} = 0.1%, C _{16: 0} = 3.3%, C _{16: 1} = 0.3%, C _{18: 0} = 0.9%, C _{18: 1} = 17.7%, C _{18: 2} = 15.0%, C _{18: 3} = 10.5%, C _{20: 0} = 0.6%, C _{20: 1} = 6.9%, C _{20: 2} = 0.4%, C _{22: 0} = 0.5%, C _{22: 1} = 42.5%, C _{22: 2} = 0.6%, C _{24: 0} = 0.7%,
Iodine number = 104, saponification number = 174

Embodiments example 1 Influence of the agents according to the invention on the yield and water utilization of spring barley under stressful conditions

The influence of the agents according to the invention on the yield and In Example 1, water utilization was tested in a vessel Spring barley (cv. Salome) examined. The plants were grown in a soil / sand mixture (1: 2 m / m, 6.9 kg substrate dry matter per Mitscherlich vessel). There are 15 plants per growing container with the following nutrient supply: 1.6 g N; 0.5 g P; 1.4 g K; 0.3 g Mg; 0.6 g Ca; 30 mg Fe and micronutrients.

The water consumption is determined by weighing the vessels daily and after each weighing there is water loss been replaced.

The agents according to the invention were applied to the leaf Plants fed.

The stress tolerance was assessed via the yield and the Water utilization in the yield formation process.

The water utilization (WUE) was determined as follows:

From the investigations it can be seen (Table 1) that the inventive Average compared to the comparator at less Expenditure of the same or better production biological Have an effect.  

Example 2 Influence of the agents according to the invention on the grain yield of Spring barley under stress conditions

The influence of the agents according to the invention was tested in a field with spring barley (cv. Salome) on a shallow haplic phaeozem tested under severe drought stress. The field trial was created according to standard regulations. (Parcel size 20 m², 5 repetitions per test element). The fertilization followed Normative for high yields. The agents according to the invention were supplied to the plant stands via shoot application.

To assess the stress intensity in the untreated Test members (control variants) through additional irrigation (150 mm) the dry stress greatly reduced. In addition to earnings the stress tolerance index (STI) was determined as follows:

In the field experiment, the agents according to the invention caused one remarkable yield increase of 13% when the plant stands were insufficiently supplied with water. Is particularly cheap a combination of the diethanolamide of the rapeseed fatty acids of the variety Sollux (according to general formula I) with spermidine (according to Formula III).  

Table 1

Influence of the agents according to the invention on yield and water utilization in summer barley under stress conditions

Table 2

Influence of the agents according to the invention on the grain yield of spring barley under stress conditions

Claims (3)

1. Means for increasing the stress tolerance, but primarily the drought tolerance of crops, especially cereals, characterized in that, in addition to conventional auxiliaries and carriers, they are mono- and / or diethanolamides of fatty acid mixtures according to the general formula I, preferably vegetable fatty acids, as active ingredients Origin as from Brassica naps ssp. napus and Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera with a mass fraction of C _{22: 1} , C _{18: 1} , C _{18: 2} and C _{18: 3} fatty acids <50%, wherein for R₁ a fatty acid residue with 13 to 21 carbon atoms of vegetable origin, for R₂ = -H or -CH₂-CH₂-OH, and for R₃ = -CH₂-CH₂-OH. 2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the fatty acid mixtures preferably <40% C _{22: 1} , <10% C _{18: 1} , <10% C _{18: 2} and <10% C _{18: 3} fatty acid proportions, but at least Contain 50% of unsaturated fatty acids in the total fatty acid mixture. 3. Means according to claim 1, characterized in that, for enhancing the action, diamines of the general formula II NH₂- (CH₂) _n -NH₂ (II) in which n = 2, 3, 4 or 5 or spermidine of the formula IIIH₂N- (CH₂) ₃-NH- (CH₂) ₄-NH₂ (III) can be used.