DD301775A5 - MEANS FOR INCREASING THE STRESSTOLERANCE OF CULTURAL PLANTS - Google Patents

Abstract

An agent for increasing the stress-predominant drought tolerance of crop plants, in particular cereals, by adding one or more new active substances to customary excipients and carriers. The new active substances are fatty urea and / or diethanolamides of fatty acids, in particular vegetable fatty acids, which contain at least 50% C 22: 1, C 18: 2 and C 18: 3 In addition, aliphatic diamines containing 2 to 5 C atoms or spermidine may be added. Stress tolerance; fatty acid ethanol amides; diamines; C ind 22: 1 fatty acid residues}

Description

coupled to a yield-increasing Wasserhaushalisoptimiorung is achieved by biogono and synthetic ethanolamines on individual plants and in field populations (DD-PS 255871, DD-PS 151104), the application rates from environmental hygiene point of view, although standard standards for growth regulators, the molar biological activity of Brasinolido but do not reach.

The fatty acid mixtures of microbial origin used according to DD-PS 226471 had a very different fatty acid spectrum depending on the batch, so that different biological effects were determined.

Object of the invention

The aim of the invention is to develop new agents for increasing the stress tolerance of crop plants, in particular for increasing the drought tolerance, with favorable toxicological properties.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The invention has for its object to develop means for increasing the drought tolerance of crops, which are inexpensive to produce and toxicologically safe.

The object is achieved in that means for increasing the stress, primarily drought tolerance of crops in addition to conventional excipients and carriers as the active ingredient, a mixture of fatty acid ethanarnides according to general formula I.

Il^ h B₁-C-N < " '

in the

R, = fatty acid residue of plant origin having 13 to 21 C atoms, R ₂ = -H or -CHr-CH ₂ -OH and R ₃ = -CH ₂ -H ₂ -OH

mean, included.

The vegetable oil on which the fatty acid residue is based is preferably obtained from the seed of Brassica napus ssp napus and Brassica rapa ssp oloifera or mixtures thereof with a proportion by mass of more than 50% of C ₂₂ J, Ci ₈₂ and C _{18: 3} fatty acids.

The effect of the stress tolerance is achieved by adding diamines according to formula II

NH ₂ - (CH ₂ I _n -NH, (II)

where η can assume values of 2 to 5 or by spermidine corresponding to formula III

H ₂ N- (CH ₂ ) ₃ -NH- (CH ₂ ) ₄ -NH ₂ (III)

strengthened.

The advantage of using the compositions of the invention is that in order to achieve the same production biological effect compared to known means a lesser effort or when using comparable amounts, an increase in yield has occurred by more than 10%.

Suitable natural starting materials for the fatty acid diethanolamides are natural trimeric acid derivatives whose total fatty acid contains more than 40% C _22: i, 15 to 20% C ₁₈ ; and 5 to 10% C _18: 3 fatty acids, but at least 50% thereof.

In the following exemplary embodiments, a fatty acid dicthanolamide was used, which was based on a triglyceride of the following total fatty acid:

C _{U: 0} = 0.1%, C ₁₈₀ = 3.3%, C _{16: 1} = 0.3%, C, _{e: 0} = 0.9%, C, _{8 :} , = 17.7%, C _{l8: 2} = 15.0%, C, _{8: 3} = 10.5%, C _{2 O ;} o = 0.6%, C ₂₀ ;, = 6.9%, C _{20: 2} = 0.4%, C _{22: 0} = 0.5 "! O, C _{22: 1} = 42.5%, C _{22: 2} = 0.6%, C _{24: 0} = 0.7%,

Iodine number = 104, saponification number = 174

embodiments

example 1

Influence of the agents according to the invention on the yield and water utilization of spring barley under stress conditions. The influence of the compositions according to the invention on the yield and water utilization was investigated in Example 1 in a vessel experiment with spring barley (cv. Salome). The plant cultivation was carried out in a soil / sand mixture (1: 2m / m, 6.9 kg substrate dry matter per Mitscherlichgefäß). Each culture vessel was cultivated 15 plants with the following nutrient supply: 1.6 g N; 0.5g P; 1,4g K; 0.3g MG; 0.6g Ca; 30mg Fe and micronutrients.

The water consumption has been determined by daily weighing of the vessels and following each weighing the Wasservoi lust has been replaced.

The compositions according to the invention were applied by foliar application to the plants.

The evaluation of the stress tolerance was made on the yield and the water utilization in the yield formation process.

The water utilization (WUE) was determined as follows:

WUE = pre-used amount of water

It can be seen from the investigations (Table 1) that the agents according to the invention have an equal or better production-biological effect with respect to the comparison test member at a low application rate.

Example 2

Influence of the compositions according to the invention on the grain yield of spring barley under stress conditions The influence of the compositions according to the invention was tested in a field experiment with spring barley (cv. Salome) on a shallow haplic phaeozem under severe dry stress. The field trial was designed according to standard regulations (plot size 20m ² , 5 repetitions per test element). Fertilization is carried out according to normatives for high yields. The agents according to the invention were applied to the plant stands via shoot application.

To assess the intensity of stress was in the untreated test members (control variants) by additional irrigation (150mm), the dry stress greatly reduced. In addition to the yield, the stress tolerance index (STI) has been determined as follows:

STh

Grain yield in stress Grain yield without stress

In the follow-up experiment, the compositions according to the invention caused a considerable increase in yield by 13% when the plant stocks were insufficiently supplied with water. A combination of the diethanolamide of rapeseed fatty acids of ssp sollux (according to general formula I) with spermidine (according to formula III) is to be evaluated with particular advantage.

Table 1: Influence of the compositions of the invention on yield and water utilization in spring barley under stress conditions

medium dose grain yield Dry biomass (TM) WUE total WUE grain (Mg / vessel) (Rel.) (REL.I (Rel.) (Rel.) a) according to the invention FS-e-amide " 1.0 108.2 ** 106.8 * 106.9 * 108.4 ** DAP " 1.0 103.5 102.7 102.9 103.8 Put " 1.0 103.7 104.0 104.1 104.3 FS-e-amide 1.0 109.8 ** 109.1 * 108.3 * 110.0 ** plus DAP 1.0 FS-e-amide 1.0 110.2 ** 109.9 ** 111.0 ** 110.5 " plus put 1.0 b) comparative test element Monoethanolamine 10 (= optimal 106.1 * 105.0 106.6 * 107.9 * dose) c) without funds Control with stress 100 100 100 100 50.6 84.0 3.33 2.00 (G / vessel) (G / vessel) (g TM / kg H ₂ O) (g grain / kg H ₂ O)

ι) FS-E-amide = ethanolamide of beet oil fatty acid according to formula I according to example 3 DAP = diaminopropane Put = putrescine + α <0.05 + + α <0.01

Table 2: Influence of the agents according to the invention on the grain yield of spring barley under stress conditions

MiUeI dose grain yield STI (Kg / ha) (Dt / ha) a) according to the invention FS-e-amide 1.0 60,8'- ' 0.84 '*' FS-e-amide 1.0 62.3 * 0.86 '*' + Spd " 0.1 spd " 0.1 57.3 0.79 b) comparative test element Monoethanolamine 1.5 58.1 0.80 c) without funds Control with stress - 55.0 0.76 (Control without stress) (74.3) (1.0)

l +), a = 0.1: + α-0.05 1) Spd = spermidine

Claims (3)

1. A means for increasing the stress-predominant drought tolerance of crops, especially of cereals, characterized in that they in addition to conventional excipients and carriers as active ingredients mono- and / or diethanolamides of fatty acid mixtures according to the general formula I, preferably from fatty acids of plant origin such of Brassica napus ssp. napus and Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera with a mass fraction of C _{22: 1} , C _{18: 2} and C _8: 3 fatty acids <50% ^R l ~ ^C "* ^N (Formal) where R _{1 is} a fatty acid radical having 13 to 21 C-atoms of plant origin, for R ₂ = -H or -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -OH, R ₃ = -CH ₂ -CH ₂ OH. 2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the fatty acid mixtures contain more than 40% C _{22: 1} , 15 to 20% C _{18, 1} and 5 to 10% C _{18: 2} fatty acid moieties. 3. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that in addition diamines of the general formula II NH ₂ - (CH ₂ J _n -NH ₂ (formula II) in which for η = 2,3, 4 or 5 may be or spermidine of the formula III H ₂ N- (CH ₂ ) 3 -NH- (CH ₂ ) ₄ -NH ₂ (Formula III) be used. Field of application of the invention The agents of the present invention can be used to improve crop tolerance to abiotic stressors. Characteristic of the known state of the art It is known that yield depression is primarily caused by physiological dryness. In addition, about 1 billion hectares of agricultural land in the world have yield-reducing salinity in the soil substrate. Even in humid climates, the salt concentration in the soil water during temporary drought, especially at high levels of male fertilization, increases to unfavorable plant physiological values. Particularly sensitive to salt are known to be germinating plants and young plants. In order to mitigate these yield-reducing salt effects, soil treatments with gypsum are carried out, for example, but these are associated with an enormous transport and energy expenditure. It is also known to solve the salt problem by breeding salt-tolerant plants. Significant successes have not yet been achieved in this way. By using Phytohorm ons and synthetic Wirkungsanaloga the phytohormones improvements are known known (DD-PS 218260, DD-PS 217408, DD-PS 217409 and DD-PS 217410). Even with the application of growth-regulating acting quaternary ammonium bases is known to increase the plant salt tolerance achievable (DD-PS 215686, DD-PS 215688). However, the effect of the phytohormones and synthetic growth regulators is insufficient under certain conditions. The uncertainty of gibberellin and cytokinin with phytohormone character u. a. that these substances increase transpiration at the same time and thereby lower the water status stability of the plants. When using the growth inhibitor chlorocholine chloride, the threshold of growth-inhibiting influences can be exceeded under salt conditions, so that then no yield advantages result from using funds. Furthermore, the production of phytohormones is very expensive and the use of chlorocholine chloride has toxicological problems. Toxicologically unfavorable saline stress-reducing hydroxylamine derivatives (DD-PS 216'i59) are to be evaluated. By using brassinolides, the salt tolerance, Kältei resistance and resistance to herbicides in crops, bypassing toxicological disadvantages can be increased (JP 113567/85, DE-OS 3,533,633). At the same time in individual plant experiments under certain conditions, the biological production of cereals and potatoes with higher significance than phytohormones increased (DE-OS 3533033, JP-OS 57-118503). However, this increase in yield takes place without any demonstrable positive influence on the plant water balance. A salt tolerance improvement that coincides with