DE4006134A1 - Mikrowellenaktivierung von thermoplasten sowie verfahren zur sicheren anwendung offener und halboffener mikrowellenstrahlung - Google Patents

Mikrowellenaktivierung von thermoplasten sowie verfahren zur sicheren anwendung offener und halboffener mikrowellenstrahlung

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Publication number
DE4006134A1
DE4006134A1 DE4006134A DE4006134A DE4006134A1 DE 4006134 A1 DE4006134 A1 DE 4006134A1 DE 4006134 A DE4006134 A DE 4006134A DE 4006134 A DE4006134 A DE 4006134A DE 4006134 A1 DE4006134 A1 DE 4006134A1
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poly
radiation
microwave
coating
thermoplastics
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Andreas Piller
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/28—Treatment by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1425—Microwave radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/346—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint being a coating or being printed, e.g. being applied as a paint or forming a printed circuit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3484—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being non-metallic
    • B29C65/3488—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being non-metallic being an electrically conductive polymer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7314—Electrical and dielectric properties
    • B29C66/73141—Electrical conductivity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/87—Auxiliary operations or devices
    • B29C66/874—Safety measures or devices
    • B29C66/8742—Safety measures or devices for operators
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0855—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using microwave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2307/00—Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0003—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B29K2995/0005—Conductive
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
    • C08G2261/31—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating aromatic structural elements in the main chain
    • C08G2261/312—Non-condensed aromatic systems, e.g. benzene

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Mikrowellen-Aktivierbarkeit von Thermoplasten durch leitfähige Polymere und deren sicheren Anwendung unter Mikrowelleneinfluß.
Aus der DE-33 07 502, der DE-P 38 02 881.6 und der EP 03 31 765 A1 sind Verfahren und Ausführungsformen von mikrowellenaktivierbaren Klebstoffen und Bitumenbahnen bekannt. Die Vor- und Nachteile der darin beschriebenen Mikrowellenaufheizmöglichkeiten sind in den vorgenannten Patenten und Patentanmeldungen ausführlich dargestellt.
Das Kernproblem bei der wirtschaftlichen Anwendung von mikrowellenaktivierbaren Thermoplasten liegt jedoch zum einen in der sicheren Abschirmung aller bei der offenen und halboffenen Abstrahlung von Mikrowellen entstehenden, von den Thermoplasten nicht absorbierten Leck- und Störstrahlungen und zum anderen in dem bei nichtvorhandener Reflektionsschicht extrem stark abfallenden Wirkungsgrad der Mikrowellenerwärmung.
Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, a) eine alternative Mikrowellenaktivierbarkeit von Thermoplasten und b) ein Verfahren zur wirtschaftlichen, sicheren Anwendung der offenen und halboffenen Mikrowellenaktivierung von Thermoplasten verfügbar zu machen.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe (a) dadurch gelöst, daß zur Mikrowellenaktivierung von Thermoplasten elektrisch leitfähige Kunststoffe, vorzugsweise leitfähige Polymere, die im wesentlichen aus Kohlenstoff und Wasseratomen bestehen, hinzugefügt werden. Charakteristisch für diese leitfähigen Polymere ist dabei jedoch ihre "konjugierte" Struktur; Die Kohlenstoffatome sind abwechselnd durch Einfach- und Doppelbindungen miteinander verknüpft. Die konjugierten Polymere besitzten aber noch keine nennenswerte Leitfähigkeit. Dies erhalten sie erst durch eine kleine Zahl eingebrachter Fremdatome bzw. Moleküle. Dadurch werden dem Polymer letztlich elektronische Ladungsträger entweder hinzugefügt (n-Dotierung) oder entzogen (p-Dotierung). Über den Dotierungsgrad kann dabei die Stärke der Leitfähigkeit variiert werden. Zur Verbesserung der Stabilität werden Stickstoff-, Schwefel- oder Sauerstoffatome eingebaut.
Besonders günstige Eigenschaften weisen Polypyrrol, Polyanilin, Polythiophen, Polyfuran und Polyparaphenylen bzw. deren Derivate auf.
Der Mengenanteil der leitfähigen Polymere an mikrowellenaktivierbaren Thermoplasten ist abhängig von der gewünschten Aufheizrate.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe (b) dadurch gelöst, daß auf der, der Mikrowellenstrahlung abgewandten Seite des zur Erwärmung durch Mikrowellen vorgesehenen Thermoplasten, eine Abschirmung elektromagnetischer Strahlung in Form von leitfähigen Kunststoffen wie z. B. in Abschnitt (a) beschrieben, oder in Form von abstrahlsicheren, flexiblen Metallbeschichtungen aufgebracht wird. Dieses auf der Un­ terseite des zur Mikrowellenerwärmung vorgesehene Material, schützt während der Mikrowellenerhitzung den unter dem Erwärmungsgut liegenden Bereich vor unzulässiger Strahlung und erhöht den Mikrowellen-Erwärmungsfaktor entscheidend. Durch die in der DE 33 07 502 beschriebene Vorrichtung wird das auf vorstehende Weise erhitzte Material durch Quetschung durch die an dieser Vorrichtung angebrachten Walzen außerhalb des Strahlungsraumes vermengt und damit zum Untergrund adhäsiv.

Claims (7)

1. Thermoplasterhitzungsverfahren bei dem ein trockenes thermoplastisches Material durch Einwirkung von Mikrowellen aufgeschmolzen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das thermoplastische Material als mikrowellenaktivierbaren Bestandteil leitfähige Kunststoffe, vorzugsweise leitfähige Polymere enthält.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich bei den leitfähigen Polymeren um Polypyrrol, Polyanilin, Polythiophen, Polyfuran und Polyparaphenylen bzw. deren Derivate handelt.
3. Verfahren zur Abschirmung elektromagnetischer Leck- und Störstrahlungen bei der offenen und halboffenen Mikrowellenerhitzung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf der, der Mikrowellenausstrahlung abgewandten Seite des zur Erwärmung durch Mikrowellen vorgesehenen Thermoplasten, eine Abschirmung von elektromagnetischen Strahlen in Form einer Beschichtung von leit­ fähigen Kunststoffen, wie z. B. in Anspruch 2 beschrieben, aufgebracht wird.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abschirmbeschichtung aus abstrahlsicherer, flexibler Metallbeschichtung aufgebracht wird.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das unterseitig elektromagnetisch abgeschirmte thermoplastische Material durch Quetschung adhäsionsfähig wird.
6. Verfahren zur Abschirmung elektromagnetischer Leck- und Störstrahlungen bei der offenen und halboffenen Mikrowellenerhitzung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Abschirmbeschichtung aus einer abstrahlsicheren Metallbeschichtung, vorzugsweise aus Alu­ minium oder Kupfer auf die Fläche unterhalb des zur Verlegung mit Mikrowellen vorgesehenen Belages aufgebracht wird.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die abstrahlsichere Beschichtung aus leitfähigem Kunststoffmaterial, vorzugsweise aus leitfähigen Polymeren besteht.
DE4006134A 1990-02-27 1990-02-27 Mikrowellenaktivierung von thermoplasten sowie verfahren zur sicheren anwendung offener und halboffener mikrowellenstrahlung Withdrawn DE4006134A1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4006134A DE4006134A1 (de) 1990-02-27 1990-02-27 Mikrowellenaktivierung von thermoplasten sowie verfahren zur sicheren anwendung offener und halboffener mikrowellenstrahlung
DE4036876A DE4036876A1 (de) 1990-02-27 1990-11-19 Mikrowellenaktivierung von thermoplasten, sowie verfahren zur sicheren anwendung offener und halboffener mikrowellenstrahlung

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DE4006134A DE4006134A1 (de) 1990-02-27 1990-02-27 Mikrowellenaktivierung von thermoplasten sowie verfahren zur sicheren anwendung offener und halboffener mikrowellenstrahlung

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998014314A1 (en) * 1996-09-30 1998-04-09 Hpm Stadco, Inc. Microwave processing system for polymers
WO2003095505A1 (en) * 2002-05-07 2003-11-20 Honeywell International Inc. Fluorinated polymers

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998014314A1 (en) * 1996-09-30 1998-04-09 Hpm Stadco, Inc. Microwave processing system for polymers
WO2003095505A1 (en) * 2002-05-07 2003-11-20 Honeywell International Inc. Fluorinated polymers

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