DE3920450A1 - Gegen oxidation geschuetzte kohlenstoffkoerper und verfahren zum herstellen des oxidationsschutzes - Google Patents
Gegen oxidation geschuetzte kohlenstoffkoerper und verfahren zum herstellen des oxidationsschutzesInfo
- Publication number
- DE3920450A1 DE3920450A1 DE19893920450 DE3920450A DE3920450A1 DE 3920450 A1 DE3920450 A1 DE 3920450A1 DE 19893920450 DE19893920450 DE 19893920450 DE 3920450 A DE3920450 A DE 3920450A DE 3920450 A1 DE3920450 A1 DE 3920450A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- sic
- carbon
- layers
- silicon
- sio2
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 63
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 61
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 15
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title description 15
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 8
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000001343 alkyl silanes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005234 chemical deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 72
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 18
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005475 siliconizing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005385 borate glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002635 electroconvulsive therapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005055 methyl trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 2
- JLUFWMXJHAVVNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrichlorosilane Chemical compound C[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl JLUFWMXJHAVVNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004014 SiF4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021053 average weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003465 moissanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012031 short term test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ABTOQLMXBSRXSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetrafluoride Chemical compound F[Si](F)(F)F ABTOQLMXBSRXSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/89—Coating or impregnation for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
- C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
- C23C10/36—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation only one element being diffused
- C23C10/44—Siliconising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/60—After-treatment
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19893920450 DE3920450A1 (de) | 1989-06-22 | 1989-06-22 | Gegen oxidation geschuetzte kohlenstoffkoerper und verfahren zum herstellen des oxidationsschutzes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19893920450 DE3920450A1 (de) | 1989-06-22 | 1989-06-22 | Gegen oxidation geschuetzte kohlenstoffkoerper und verfahren zum herstellen des oxidationsschutzes |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE3920450A1 true DE3920450A1 (de) | 1991-01-10 |
| DE3920450C2 DE3920450C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1991-10-24 |
Family
ID=6383330
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19893920450 Granted DE3920450A1 (de) | 1989-06-22 | 1989-06-22 | Gegen oxidation geschuetzte kohlenstoffkoerper und verfahren zum herstellen des oxidationsschutzes |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE3920450A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1993018203A1 (de) * | 1992-03-09 | 1993-09-16 | MTU MOTOREN- UND TURBINEN-UNION MüNCHEN GMBH | Verfahren zum beschichten von kohlenstoffaserverstärktem kohlenstoff |
| DE10161218A1 (de) * | 2001-12-13 | 2003-07-03 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Verfahren zum Oxidationsschutz faserverstärkter kohlenstoffhaltiger Verbundwerkstoffe |
| DE202014006209U1 (de) | 2014-07-30 | 2014-08-13 | Rauschert Heinersdorf-Pressig Gmbh | Kohlenstoffhaltiger Verbundwerkstoff |
| CN115417678A (zh) * | 2022-11-07 | 2022-12-02 | 湖南联合半导体科技有限公司 | 一种低温化学气相反应法制备SiC涂层的方法 |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100520435B1 (ko) * | 2003-01-30 | 2005-10-11 | 한국과학기술원 | 탄소/탄소 복합재료의 내산화 코팅방법 |
| KR100520436B1 (ko) * | 2003-01-30 | 2005-10-11 | 한국과학기술원 | 탄소/탄소 복합재료의 내산화 복합코팅방법 |
| DE102013110757A1 (de) * | 2013-09-27 | 2015-04-23 | Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertreten durch das Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie, dieses vertreten durch den Präsidenten der BAM, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung | Verfahren zur Beschichtung von kohlenstoffhaltigen Bauteilen mit einer SiC-Schicht |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3406044A (en) * | 1965-01-04 | 1968-10-15 | Monsanto Co | Resistance heating elements and method of conditioning the heating surfaces thereof |
| US3925577A (en) * | 1972-11-24 | 1975-12-09 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Silicon carbide coated graphite members and process for producing the same |
| US4425407A (en) * | 1982-06-24 | 1984-01-10 | United Technologies Corporation | CVD SiC pretreatment for carbon-carbon composites |
| EP0133315A1 (en) * | 1983-08-01 | 1985-02-20 | Ltv Aerospace And Defense Company | Composition and method for forming a protective coating on carbon-carbon substrates |
| FR2567120A1 (fr) * | 1984-07-05 | 1986-01-10 | United Technologies Corp | Revetements composites sic/si3n4 pour matieres composites carbone-carbone |
| EP0282386A1 (fr) * | 1987-02-25 | 1988-09-14 | AEROSPATIALE Société Nationale Industrielle | Matériau composite à matrice et fibres de renforcement en carbone et son procédé de fabrication |
-
1989
- 1989-06-22 DE DE19893920450 patent/DE3920450A1/de active Granted
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3406044A (en) * | 1965-01-04 | 1968-10-15 | Monsanto Co | Resistance heating elements and method of conditioning the heating surfaces thereof |
| US3925577A (en) * | 1972-11-24 | 1975-12-09 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Silicon carbide coated graphite members and process for producing the same |
| US4425407A (en) * | 1982-06-24 | 1984-01-10 | United Technologies Corporation | CVD SiC pretreatment for carbon-carbon composites |
| EP0133315A1 (en) * | 1983-08-01 | 1985-02-20 | Ltv Aerospace And Defense Company | Composition and method for forming a protective coating on carbon-carbon substrates |
| FR2567120A1 (fr) * | 1984-07-05 | 1986-01-10 | United Technologies Corp | Revetements composites sic/si3n4 pour matieres composites carbone-carbone |
| EP0282386A1 (fr) * | 1987-02-25 | 1988-09-14 | AEROSPATIALE Société Nationale Industrielle | Matériau composite à matrice et fibres de renforcement en carbone et son procédé de fabrication |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| US-Z.: Mat. Res. Bull., Vol. 21, 1986, pp 1391-95 * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1993018203A1 (de) * | 1992-03-09 | 1993-09-16 | MTU MOTOREN- UND TURBINEN-UNION MüNCHEN GMBH | Verfahren zum beschichten von kohlenstoffaserverstärktem kohlenstoff |
| DE10161218A1 (de) * | 2001-12-13 | 2003-07-03 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Verfahren zum Oxidationsschutz faserverstärkter kohlenstoffhaltiger Verbundwerkstoffe |
| DE10161218B4 (de) * | 2001-12-13 | 2004-06-03 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Verfahren zum Oxidationsschutz faserverstärkter kohlenstoffhaltiger Verbundwerkstoffe und Verwendung eines nach dem Verfahren hergestellten Verbundwerkstoffes |
| US7011888B2 (en) | 2001-12-13 | 2006-03-14 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Process for protecting fiber-reinforced carbon-containing composites against oxidation |
| DE202014006209U1 (de) | 2014-07-30 | 2014-08-13 | Rauschert Heinersdorf-Pressig Gmbh | Kohlenstoffhaltiger Verbundwerkstoff |
| CN115417678A (zh) * | 2022-11-07 | 2022-12-02 | 湖南联合半导体科技有限公司 | 一种低温化学气相反应法制备SiC涂层的方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3920450C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1991-10-24 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| OP8 | Request for examination as to paragraph 44 patent law | ||
| D2 | Grant after examination | ||
| 8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
| 8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |