DE3823728A1 - Drive system for pallets of a parking system for the automatic parking of motor vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a parking system for the automatic parking of motor vehicles on at least one parking level (P1, P2), having parking lines (Z1-Z12) running in the x-direction and parking rows (RA-RK), perpendicular thereto (y-direction), in which motor vehicles (40) parked on the pallets can be shifted at least horizontally in the x-direction and y-direction. The invention is distinguished in that arranged in a stationary manner on each space of the parking level is a drive zone (50) having x-drive and y-drive (51, 52) which are intended for the x-direction and y-direction and can be actuated independently of one another and in a manner controlled by a computer, and in that the drive for the horizontal shifting of the pallets interact in a frictionally locking manner with the pallets either in the x-direction or y-direction. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a drive system for pallets of a parking system for the automatic parking of motor vehicles on at least one parking level with parking lines running in the y direction and perpendicular ( x direction) parking rows in which motor vehicles parked on pallets at least horizontally in the x direction and y . Direction can be shifted.

Such a parking system and a method for automatic parking of motor vehicles is in Patent application P 38 19 710.3 described. This new parking system is characterized in that Motor vehicles fully automatically in the tightest, most complete lane-free space can be parked. It is a complete separation of vehicle and pedestrian traffic returns achieved, the user paths kept short are. Because the actual parking zone is free of people is both the security of the user as well also security against break-ins in the vehicle elevated. Theft of the vehicle from the parking zone is practically impossible.

The invention is based, an ins special for a parking system of the described Specify the type of suitable drive system, which in easy automatic transport within the parking system.

To solve this problem, the characteristics of  Claim 1 provided.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

The invention is schematic below Drawings on an embodiment with others Details explained in more detail. Show it:

Figure 1 is a vertical section through a parking system according to the invention.

Figure 2 is a horizontal section through the parking system of Figure 1 through the upper parking level P 2 with omitted pallets.

Fig. 3 is a partial perspective view of a parking system according to Fig. 1, 2;

Figure 4 is a horizontal section through a column along the line IV-IV in Fig. 5.

Fig. 5 is a partial view in the y-direction of a column;

Fig. 6 is a plan view of a drive box according to the invention, which is provided on each parking place of the parking system;

Fig. 7, 8 side and bottom view of a pallet for receiving a motor vehicle, which is portable by a drive field of Figure 6 and transportable.

9 shows in larger scale a section through an arrangement by drive and pallet according to Figures 6 to 8 in the transport position of the pallet..;

Fig. 10 is a partial plan view of the drive field of Figure 9 with the pallet removed.

Fig. 11, 12 and 13, front, side and top view of a hoisting gear for transporting the driving power tools from a parking plane to another;

Figure 14 is a partially sectioned side view of a drive field and an overlying pallet in the base of the hoist, as well as a lifting device for the pallets.

Fig. 15 is a partial plan view of the drive field of FIG. 14 with omitted range, and

Fig. 16, 17 side view and top view of a pivotable drive for the horizontal movement of the pallets in levels above the lowest level of the hoist.

The parking system shown in the figures has two superposed parking levels P 1, P 2, wherein the parking level P has an entry zone EZ and a Ausfahrzone AZ for retracting and extending of motor vehicles 40. 1 Both parking levels have parking rows RA to RK and parking lines Z 1 to Z 12 , the upper parking level P 1 Z 3 to Z 10 parking lines and the lower parking level P 1 on each side additionally two further parking lines Z 1 , Z 2 and Z 11 , Z 12 has.

The rows and rows are arranged perpendicular to each other like a checkerboard without any lanes in between, each row having a pallet track. At least two rows Z and one row R are provided.

Except for a small percentage of shunting spaces (eg 8%), each space in the parking system is equipped with a pallet 41 , which can be transported in the longitudinal direction x of the rows, in the longitudinal direction y of the rows and in the vertical direction z by means of lifting mechanisms 20 , 21 .

In the parking system according to the invention, the longitudinal axis of the motor vehicle is always aligned in the x direction and the transverse axis of the motor vehicle is always aligned in the y direction. There is therefore no rotation of the motor vehicle.

In order to enable as many motor vehicles as possible to enter the parking system from the entry zone EZ into the entry line Z 3 at the same time, each row seat is assigned its own lifting mechanism 20 in this entry line. In the same way, each row seat in the exit row Z 10 is assigned its own lifting mechanism 21 , which enables simultaneous extension across all rows RA to RK from the parking system.

To increase flexibility, all rows can also be equipped with hoists in addition and preferably in row Z 8 and possibly also in row Z 5 .

While operation with parking in the same row R , that is to say in the x direction, into which the motor vehicle was driven in is preferred, the drives for the y direction enable the motor vehicles 40 to be displaced sideways with the orientation of the longitudinal axis of the motor vehicle unchanged, thus one Transport and compression of the motor vehicles in the direction or near the exit line Z 10 to accomplish. This ensures that in practice the motor vehicles 40 are constantly moved in the shortest way in the direction from the entry line Z 3 to the exit line Z 10 .

For each row RA to RK , at least one maneuvering area must be kept free of pallets to maintain the function of the parking system. An increase in the marshalling spaces leads to a reduction in throughput time and, on the other hand, to a reduction in parking capacity. Depending on the practical requirements, a compromise must be made here.

The drives for movement in the y direction enable a transverse displacement between the exit locations for unfavorably parked vehicles, ie in crowded rows and far behind, when there is a strong need for extension performance.

The lifting mechanisms 20 , 21 and the drives for the movement of the pallets 41 in the x and y directions are actuated by means of an electronic control system having a computer in such a way that a minimum throughput time is always achieved with the different occupancy of the parking spaces inevitable during operation. The computer is programmed to ensure a minimal pick-up time; that the movements of the pallets 41 in the y and z directions are minimized. A movement in these directions is only triggered by the computer when one of the lanes or rows is occupied by a predetermined factor higher than another.

The control system is designed so that a large number of arriving vehicles can be included in the parking system at the same time. In the example shown, a total of practically sixty spaces can be approached at the same time if each of the thirty drive-in boxes in row Z 3 still has a storage space in front of it.

Depending on the occupancy of the adjacent parking spaces, the vehicles can be moved from the drive-in boxes in the hoists 20 in the x and z directions; where, as I said, the preference movement takes place in the x direction.

The total number of sixty parking spaces corresponds to the embodiment shown 11% of the total parking capacity of the parking system and is so high that a backlog of vehicles on public ground before the garage entrance can be safely avoided.  

In the following, the individual components of the drive system shown in the figures are first described. These components include pallets 41 for receiving the motor vehicles 40 , drive fields 50 in all parking spaces for driving the pallets 41 and lifting mechanisms 20 , 21 .

A pallet 41 is separately in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 and shown in connection with the other components in Fig. 3. In FIG. 2, the pallets 41 are omitted, so that the driving fields are visible immediately 50th

Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, on its upper face 44 nearly flat pallets 41 have on their bottoms at right angles intersecting guideways 45, 46 on which roll off by preferably inclined side walls 47 run x castors or y roles can, which are mounted in the drive field 50 ( FIG. 6) and are at least partially driven.

Each drive field 50 is a flat, rostarti ges structure 53 , which can also use parts of the construction and recesses 54 ( Fig. 9) for receiving rectangular frame 55 in the x and y direction. The frames 54 each store groups of four x- rollers 51 and y- rollers 52 , which are just the same if formed.

Each frame 55 is supported on the rust-like structure 53 by means of lifting devices in the form of hydraulic cylinders 56 and can be actuated directly or indirectly, for example via parallelogram rods (not shown), such that the rollers are either completely recessed into the recess 54 or in the raised operating position via the top 57 of the rust-like structure 53 protrude (as shown in Fig. 9).

The hydraulic cylinders 56 can be actuated either for the frames with the x rollers 51 or for the frames with the y rollers, so that the pallets located above the respective drive field 50 are driven either in the x or y direction. However, all of the cylinders 56 can also be actuated in order to allow all of the rollers 51 , 52 to protrude above the upper side 57 of the rust-like structure 53 and thereby to lock the pallet 41 located above them. Three hydraulic cylinders are shown for each frame. However, a single cylinder can also be sufficient, which then lifts the rollers via a parallelogram linkage of a conventional type (not shown).

In FIGS. 9 and 10, only one frame 55 is shown with y-rollers 52 in an enlarged scale, which cooperate with the guide tracks 46 of the pallets y 41st However, the arrangement and structure for the frame 55 with the x- rollers 51 are also identical with regard to the drive of the rollers described below. Each frame includes an electric gate, for example an asynchronous motor 58 , which drives all the rollers via chain or toothed belt 59 , 59 '. During a drive by means of a single toothed belt would be possible, according to Fig. 10, a roller set getrie by the toothed belt 59 ben, while another set of rolls (with partially offset rollers) of the other roller side by means of in Fig. 9 broken toothed belt 59 ' is driven. If one of the two toothed belts 59 , 59 'breaks, two or three of the total of four rollers are still driven from the other side via the remaining toothed belts.

The hydraulic cylinders 56 are actuated via known three-way valves, not shown, and are preferably biased in their extended position by means of springs or the like (not shown), so that the pallets 41 are locked by the all raised rollers 51 , 52 if the hydraulic pressure fails . This position corresponds to the normal rest position of the pallets on the drive fields (parking). In this pushed-out state, the frames 55 are supported by adjustment tubes 60 only shown in FIG. 9 and are thus held in a fixed position; which are attached to the upper inner edges of the recesses 54 of the drive fields.

Each hydraulic cylinder 56 can act on a spherical bearing, as indicated at 56 ' in Fig. 9, on the associated frame 55 , which allows further adjustment.

The electric motors 58 , like the hydraulic cylinders 56, can be actuated in a controlled manner by the computer and are supported by springs 58 'on the frame 55 in order to produce the required pretensioning of the toothed belts 59 , 59 '.

A sensor 98 , 99 is shown on each of the four sides of each rust-like structure 53 , which, in conjunction with the computer, detects a disorientation of a pallet 41 on the drive field and ensures a corresponding correction movement in the x and / or y direction, so that correct positioning of the pallets on the drive fields is always guaranteed ( Fig. 6).

The rust-like structure 53 has on its underside at the four corners recesses 62 with which it is supported on support brackets 63 on columns 64 in both parking levels. The drive panels of FIG. 50 are shown in FIG. 3 without the rust-like structure 53 , so that the x and y frames can be seen in each drive panel 50 .

The columns 64 are arranged in a grid over the parking system (see also FIGS. 1 and 2), namely four columns 64 at each corner of a drive field 50 .

Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, the columns 64 are interspersed above the Park consoles 63 of slots 65, through which supply rails 66 are stuck through which power supply lines for electricity and hydraulic fluid, and the control lines contain the computer. The supply rails 66 extend in sections in the y direction each over half of two adjacent drive fields 50 and are coupled there at 67, for example by plug connections or the like. With adjacent supply lines.

Thus, the pallets are guided also in the regions between two drive fields 50 41, are shown in FIG. 5 with y rollers 69 provided on the support brackets 63 the arms 68, which can interact 41 with the y guideways 46 of the pallet. Similarly, x rollers, not shown, can provide guidance in the x direction between two drive fields 50 .

In Fig. 3 additionally acknowledges to the previously described in y direction extending stiffening bridge 70 in the y direction and 71 in the x direction between the support brackets 63rd

Not shown are guide brackets or rollers which are provided on the columns 64 at the level of the pallets 41 for guiding the pallets in the x direction and the y direction. Where statically required, not shown vertical disks can be arranged in the x direction between the columns 64 . In the drive system according to the invention, thanks to the described arrangement and computer control of the drives, such parking spaces located between panes can easily be "bypassed" by the flow of vehicles; nevertheless, spaces delimited by such panes in the x and / or y direction can also be occupied with drive fields for receiving pallets.

The supply rails 66 running in the y direction can be connected at the edge of the building with an annular rail (not shown) in order to form a composite network.

The design of the lifting mechanisms 20 , 21 will now be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS . 11 to 17.

At the bottom of each lifting mechanism 20 , 21 , a drive field 80 is arranged, which in this respect represents a simplified embodiment of the drive field 50 , as the y- rollers 52 and the lifting devices 56 are omitted in the drive field 80 . There remain rust-like supporting structures 83 with recesses 84 for receiving frames 85 for x rollers 81 , so that a drive of pallets 41 retracted into lifting mechanisms 20 or 21 is always ensured in the x direction. The rollers 81 always protrude above the upper side 87 of the supporting structures 83 and are therefore always in the ready position for the pallet transport. All of this only applies to the lowest level, ie to the parking level P 2 according to FIG. 1.

So that a motor vehicle 40 can be moved into the parking level P 1 above, vertical lifting spindles 90 are provided which can be driven in rotation by electric motors, not shown. Each lifting spindle works together with a nut 91 which carries crank pin 92 . The crank pins can carry a lifting plate, as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15. In the container 83 recesses 88 are provided for receiving the crank pin completely submerged lifting plate 92 so that can traverse through the lifting plates 92 in the x drive of the pallets 41 without lifting operation the pallets.

In the position according to FIG. 11, the pallet 41 is driven by swivel castors 96 which can be swung out laterally on triangular rods 95 under the guideways 45 . The ge in the lateral rest position swiveled position of the swivel castors 96 is shown in FIG. 12 and dashed lines in FIGS. 16 and 17, while the operating position is shown there solid. It can be seen that the swivel rollers 96 are arranged and dimensioned to match the guide tracks 45 on the underside of the pallets 41 . Not shown in this case is the specially provided swivel castor drive. This can be carried coaxially with the swivel castors 96 and also by the linkage 95 or via a universal joint from laterally fixed electric motors, which in turn are controlled by the computer as required. To pivot the swivel castors 96 out into their operating position, a linkage (not shown) arranged laterally on the lifting mechanism can be used.

To lock the pallets 41 in the hoists in the upper parking level P 2 , ie in the entry and exit positions, electromagnets or mechanical locking devices 93 are installed, specifically in the entry zone on the front of the vehicle and in the exit zone on the rear.

The following is the use of a parking system described by way of example according to the invention.

The user gets up at one in the driveway machines issued a parking ticket.

The user who has entered the entry zone enters a free entry box in row Z 3 of the RA-RK series.

An automatic centering control can visually indicate to the user whether he has placed his vehicle sufficiently centrally on the pallet 41 . Then the user leaves the vehicle, locks it and goes in front of the drive-in box to another machine 42 , which provides his parking ticket with a magnetic identification relating to the number of the pallet 41 he is using. Each machine 42 can have an input device for a timer, by means of which the user can enter the desired pick-up time. This pick-up time is marked on the parking ticket and saved in the computer. The timer (timer) belonging to the electronic control system and thus preprogrammed by the user causes the computer to automatically activate the hoists and drives in such a way that the parked motor vehicle is brought near the exit line Z 10 at the preselected time.

If the user wants to pick up his vehicle again, so he causes via his parking ticket one within walking distance (e.g. 5 minutes) for example on a platform, in a department store, in one Bank or the like installed automat (Teleautomat) the transportation of his vehicle in the appropriate Exit box of the exit line. If the user arrives there, his vehicle is ready, so that there is no waiting time. In other words the waiting time can be made zero, which decisive advantage of the drive system represents the invention.

To avoid exceeding a maximum parking time, a limitation of the parking time can be programmed into the computer, for example up to 1/2 hour after the last S or U-Bahn journey on the day in question. At this point in time, the computer then automatically activates the lifting mechanisms and drives for moving the pallets 41 to provide the motor vehicle in the exit line Z 10 , from where it can then be towed, for example.

Another useful function of the computer can be that if a row with parked motor vehicles is loaded with a predeterminable percentage above the load of the other rows, for example 20%, it temporarily blocks this row for the further entry of motor vehicles 40 until the remaining rows are filled accordingly in order to bring about an even distribution of the parked motor vehicles in the parking levels P 1 , P 2 .

The user, who has noted the number of the pallet 41 he has approached, can again insert his card / authorization card in the automatic exit machine 43 installed in the exit zone AZ in order to transport the parked vehicle from the parking position to the exit line Z 10 can be called up directly. Via a light indicator or the like, which is arranged above the exit boxes, the user is informed when picking up where his vehicle is being extended. The number of his pallet appears on this display. This is particularly important if the vehicle is not extended in the same row as the entry line.

The parking system described requires a minimum of space without ramps and routes within the parking system and completely without turntables. Only entry zone EZ and exit zone AZ are entered. This ensures a strict separation of vehicle and pedestrian traffic, which increases the security of both pedestrians and vehicles (theft practically impossible). The stay of people in the parking system is avoided. Environmental pollution caused by running engines in the parking system is also avoided, because the engines of the motor vehicles are switched off as soon as they enter entry line Z 3 and are only started again when they exit exit line Z 10 .

Thanks to the drive system described and its electronic control by means of a computer, minimal throughput times and "zero" waiting times can be achieved when picking up the vehicle. For this purpose, the motor vehicle flow is preferably controlled in the x direction, ie in the direction of the rows of parking spaces, with the shortest possible path from the entrance to the exit. Only the drive fields 50 directly involved in the pallet movement are activated , if possible only two adjacent drive fields.

The electronic control also enables one "Bypassing" partially delimited by panes Drive fields; which allows construction according to the to stiffen static requirements, i.e. there support with washers where this is the loads of the structure.

In the parking system according to the invention is regarding the building regulations the effort for Escape routes, ventilation and safety and and surveillance devices minimal because people not stay in the parking system itself.

Claims (18)

1. Drive system for pallets ( 41 ) of a parking system for the automatic parking of motor vehicles on at least one parking level ( P 1 , P 2 ) with parking lines ( Z 1 - Z 12 ) running in the y direction and perpendicular (x-direction) parking rows ( RA-RK ), in which motor vehicles ( 40 ) parked on the pallets can be shifted at least horizontally in the x direction and the y direction, characterized in that a drive field ( 50 ) with independently of one another and by a computer is located on each space on the parking level Controlled actuatable x and y drives ( 51 , 52 ) for the x and y direction are arranged in a fixed position and that the drives for horizontal displacement of the pallets selectively cooperate with the pallets in the x or y direction. 2. Drive system according to claim 1; characterized in that the drives in the drive fields ( 50 ) mounted rollers ( 51 , 52 ), either directly or on recessed, in the x and y direction, intersecting guide tracks ( 45 , 46 ) on the undersides of the Roll the pallets ( 41 ) and move them translationally. 3. Drive system according to claim 2, characterized in that in each case the x rollers ( 51 ) or the y rollers ( 52 ) or all rollers can be brought into an elevated operating position by means of lifting devices ( 56 ) via the relevant drive field, the increased Operating position of all roles is the normal rest position. 4. Drive system according to claim 3, characterized in that each drive field is designed as a rust-like support structure ( 53 ) with recesses ( 54 ) for roller groups each of axially parallel rollers ( 51 , 52 ), the rollers each in the x and y direction separate roller group are mounted in common frames ( 55 ), which are supported by means of the lifting devices ( 56 ) in the recesses ( 53 ) of the drive field ( 50 ). 5. Drive system according to claim 4, characterized in that in each frame ( 55 ) a controllable by the computer servomotor ( 58 ) for driving at least some roles of the roller group via chain, toothed belt ( 59 , 59 ') or the like is provided. 6. Drive system according to claim 5, characterized in that to achieve redundancy, the servomotor ( 58 ) via at least two chains, toothed belt ( 59 , 59 ') or the like. Independently acts on separate roles. 7. Drive system according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the frame ( 55 ) in the raised operating position on adjusting tubes ( 60 ) are supported horizontally, which extend in the y- direction sides of the recesses ( 54 ) for receiving the frame ( 55 ) are arranged. 8. Drive system according to one of claims 3 to 7; characterized in that the lifting device of each frame comprises at least one hydraulic cylinder ( 56 ) which can be actuated via a three-way valve and is pushed out in the rest position. 9. Drive system according to one of claims 1 to 8 with at least two stacked parking levels ( P 1 , P 2 ), which are connected by hoists ( 20 , 21 ), characterized in that in the entry line ( Z 3 ) and the exit line ( Z 10 ) each parking row ( RA-RK ) a lifting mechanism ( 20 , 21 ) with lifting elements ( 56 ) are provided for the pallets, and that each lifting mechanism in the lowest parking level ( P 2 ) has a drive field ( 80 ) with x - Drives ( 81 ), which can act positively with the pallets ( 41 ) to drive them exclusively in the x direction, and that in or above the parking levels ( P 1 ) under the pallets in and out of the lifting path Movable x drives ( 96 ) are provided for driving the pallets in the x direction. 10. Drive system according to claim 9, characterized in that each x- drive field ( 80 ) as a container with recesses for common frame ( 85 ) stored, each forming a role group axially parallel x- rollers ( 81 ), which is formed in the x direction ver running recessed guideways ( 45 ) can roll on the underside of the pallets, and that the container ( 83 ) has recesses ( 88 ) for fitting in the guideways ( 45 , 46 ) lifting pin ( 92 , 93 ), which can be actuated together by means of a lifting device ( 90 ) for lifting and lowering a pallet. 11. Drive system according to claim 10, characterized in that the lifting device comprises threaded spindles ( 90 ); which interact with threaded nuts ( 91 ) which carry the lifting pins and are non-rotatable but vertically displaceable. 12. Drive system according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that in the or the parking levels ( P 1 ) above the lowest parking level driven swivel castors ( 96 ) for taking over the pallets from the lifting pin ( 92 , 93 ) and for driving the pallets are swiveled sideways in the x direction. 13. Drive system according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the drive fields ( 50 ) in the lowest parking level ( P 2 ) on the floor and in the overlying parking levels ( P 1 ) with their four corners on star-shaped support brackets ( 63 ) are supported, which are attached to columns ( 64 ) at the level of the or each parking level. 14. Drive system according to claim 13, characterized in that for the energy supply ( 50 ) and control supply rails ( 66 ) are interconnected to form a network spanning all drive fields ( 50 ). 15. Drive system according to claim 14, characterized in that the supply rails ( 66 ) comprise detachable rail elements which pass through slots ( 65 ) in the columns ( 64 ). 16. Drive system according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that sensors are provided in the drive field for detecting the correct position of the pallet on the drive field and possibly for triggering a correction movement in both the x and y directions. 17. Drive system according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that Arranged in the entry zone timer are that by pressing the calculator induce the incoming user to drive the vehicle at the desired pick-up time near the exit line, and that more machines (Tele automats) within walking distance of the parking system are arranged remotely by their operation the vehicle is brought to the exit line, so that the waiting time of the user is minimized is made zero in the limit case. 18. Drive system according to one of claims 1 to 17; characterized in that the x and / or y drives only the drive fields directly involved in moving a vehicle to another parking space are controlled by the computer.