DE3726862A1 - MOTOR VEHICLE HEATING - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a car heating system with an oil- vapourising combustion part (12) disposed between a blast fan part (7) and a heat exchange part (19). The invention achieves a high efficiency of heat exchange by improvements of layout and mounting structure of the blast fan part and mounting structure of the combustion part, installation and exhaust system structure of a duct, and employment and structure of a fin tube type heat exchanger. Further, disassembling and reassembling work at the time of repair and test are facilitated by improvements of a combustion air flow, improvement of a fuel supply, and simplication of the general structure. The combustion part includes a wick (9), ignition heater (8), and combustion stabilizer (10). <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a motor vehicle heater, as it is installed in motor vehicles or the like.

So far there are heating systems that work when one certain amount of heat from the internal combustion engine operated heating has become too low, separately from the internal combustion engine has been provided. A This system's heater works by Fuel in a combustion chamber is burned into one the diffuser of the burner Exhaust gas flow chamber is inserted and in contact with an internal heat exchanger is brought, whereby a liquid medium, e.g. Engine cooling water or the like is heated in the heat exchanger. By a container created to flow through the transmission liquid the heat exchanger brings the combustion gases in Touching a wall surface of the container to the Transfer heat.

In the known system, the container must be quite have complicated shape to a sufficient Heat transfer between the exhaust gas flow and the Ensure transmission fluid. Furthermore the transmission fluid must be prevented licking out of the container. The container is therefore constructed from cast materials in an undesirable manner increase the weight of the heating system.  

Another known construction will be described with reference to FIG. 1. In Fig. 1, reference numerals ( 201 ) denote an inlet opening of combustion gas, ( 203 ) a fan, ( 204 ) a guide vane, ( 205 ) a drive motor for the fan ( 203 ) to introduce combustion air and ( 202 ) a fan housing in which the above parts are housed.

Furthermore, the reference numerals ( 206 ) denote an oil supply line through which fuel is led to a burner, ( 207 ) a plate-shaped wick for evaporating the fuel, ( 208 ) a burner base plate, ( 210 ) a burner cylinder with a corresponding number of air holes ( 211 ) penetrating the surface thereof, ( 212 ) a hood-shaped combustion stabilizer provided in the burner cylinder ( 210 ), ( 213 ) an ignition heater for preheating before igniting and also for heating so as to ignite, ( 214 ) an air chamber, ( 215 ) a flue gas chamber and ( 209 ) a horizontal burner housing, in which all these parts are housed.

The reference symbol ( 216 ) denotes a heat exchanger which receives water to be heated, possibly with additives, which is introduced from a feed opening ( 219 ) and discharged through a tap opening ( 220 ). Reference numeral ( 217 ) denotes an exhaust baffle, ( 218 ) an exhaust opening and ( 221 ) a heat exchanger housing which surrounds these parts. ( 222 ) denotes a carrier plate which extends from a bottom section of the combustion stabilizer ( 212 ) and which is connected to a ring ( 223 ) which is fastened within the burner cylinder ( 210 ). Finally, reference numeral ( 224 ) denotes an opening in the ring ( 223 ), while reference numeral ( 225 ) denotes a hot tube. Fig. 2 shows a household heater in which the burner of the construction described above is used vertically. Such a construction is described, for example, in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 38 314/1985.

The function of the burner of Fig. 1 will be described next. First, the combustion chamber ( 215 ) is preheated with the ignition heater ( 213 ). Because liquid fuel such as gasoline, diesel or the like is supplied to the wick ( 207 ) by means of a pump through an oil supply line ( 206 ), the fuel is heated up to gasification and then ignited by the ignition heater ( 213 ). The combustion begins with the rotation of the drive motor ( 205 ) for the blower, which feeds combustion air into the combustion chamber ( 215 ) through the air holes ( 211 ). The combustion stabilizer ( 212 ) is heated due to the heat of combustion. When the wick ( 207 ) is thoroughly heated by the heat radiating from the combustion stabilizer ( 212 ) and thus the combustion has become stable, the ignition heater ( 213 ) is switched off. A gas mixture (see dashed arrows) flows around the outer surface of the combustion stabilizer ( 212 ) and develops into a combustion gas stream that heats a liquid (e.g. engine cooling water) that flows into the supply opening ( 219 ) into the heat exchanger ( 216 ). The liquid is then discharged through the tap opening ( 220 ) to be used for heating or the like. In the prior art shown in FIG. 2, the function is similar to that described above.

In the known system, the gas mixture flowing between the combustion stabilizer ( 212 ) and the burner cylinder ( 210 ) tends to intermittent combustion. An inner peripheral edge of the ring ( 223 ) prevents the gas mixture from flowing, which results in unstable combustion.

Furthermore, a horizontally arranged axially flow-through burner for liquid fuel Motor vehicle heaters known in which a Combustion area between an area of ignition and a heat exchanger area arranged, the Combustion area a floored Has pot-shaped burner cylinder with a Air opening on a side plate in the Combustion area is provided, a plate-like Main wick is provided, which is close to the ignition heater reaches and is connected to an oil supply line. There is also an annular one adjacent to the main wick Provided side wick that in the bottom area to the Side plate of the burner cylinder is adapted.

Due to the above-mentioned design, the main and secondary wick not only work as a distributor and evaporator for the fuel, but also as a store. In the event that the temperature during preheating with an electric heater is low, the secondary wick in particular is over-supplied with fuel so that fuel flows out of the wick and causes an abnormal combustion. In the case of such oil delivery lines ( 206 ), which lead the fuel to the combustion chamber, and in the case of such plate-shaped wicks ( 207 ), which are described, for example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1 46 714/185, the construction is as shown in FIG. 3 that namely a nose of the oil production line ( 206 ) is connected to a wick holder ( 226 ), the wick holder ( 226 ) being fastened on the burner cylinder ( 210 ).

Furthermore, the wick ( 207 ) is attached so that it comes into contact with the wick holder ( 226 ).

In the above construction, the wick ( 207 ) must be pulled out for replacement after the wick holder ( 226 ) is removed. In the event that the heater is accommodated in the engine compartment of the vehicle, the replacement work is very difficult to carry out for reasons of space.

Another example of a known automotive heater is known from Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 66 729/183 and will be described with reference to FIG. 4.

The heater comprises an inlet opening ( 201 ), a fan ( 203 ), a drive motor ( 205 ) for the fan and a blower housing ( 202 ). The reference number ( 206 ) denotes an oil supply line for delivering fuel to a nozzle ( 227 ), the reference number ( 210 ) a burner cylinder, the surface of which is penetrated by a corresponding number of air openings ( 211 ). Reference number ( 228 ) denotes an open-ended end section of the burner cylinder ( 210 ), reference number ( 213 ) an ignition heater, reference number ( 229 ) a tubular combustion chamber and reference number ( 209 ) a burner housing.

The tubular combustion chamber ( 229 ) is surrounded concentrically by a heat exchanger ( 230 ), which consists of a double tube buffer. Reference numeral ( 231 ) relates to an exhaust gas outlet and reference numeral ( 232 ) relates to a blow-out opening of heating air.

The function of the construction described above is explained in more detail below. First, the circumference of the nozzle ( 227 ) is preheated by the ignition heater ( 213 ). Liquid fuel such as gasoline, diesel or the like is supplied to the nozzle ( 227 ) by means of a pump through the oil supply line ( 206 ). The fuel is heated up to gasification and then ignited by the ignition heater ( 213 ). The combustion begins with the rotation of the blower motor ( 205 ) which conveys air (cf. solid arrows) through the inlet opening ( 201 ) into the tubular combustion chamber ( 229 ). A combustion gas generated in this way reaches the heat exchanger ( 230 ) through the air openings ( 211 ) and the openings ( 228 ) and then flows out of the exhaust opening ( 231 ) after it has passed through the double-tube buffer for heat exchange (see dashed arrows). The hot air provided for heating purposes is blown out of the blow-out opening ( 232 ) in the space to be heated (cf. arrows fully drawn out).

In the known heating system, the efficiency of the Heat exchanger bad and is between 80 to 85%. The dimensions of the heat exchanger are large with a large one Longitudinal extension in the horizontal direction, creating a large installation space in a vehicle is required. About that In addition, the shape is so complicated that Assembly difficulties may arise.

From Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 95 033/1980 is also a heating system for the Passenger cell of a motor vehicle known, which one Heat exchanger, a burner, a blower motor and one arranged coaxially in an almost fixed housing Fan includes, the blower and the blower motor are arranged close to the burner. With this Heating system can happen that the engine and others  Parts will be damaged due to heat as these parts are arranged very close to the burner. In return these parts must be the combustion part of the heating system be mined, which is disadvantageous because it is involves a lot of work.

Furthermore, a further heating system is known, for example, from Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 60 109/1984, which is described below with reference to FIG. 5. This heating system works with a burner for liquid fuel, in which the fuel is vaporized and burned on a wick, which wick is arranged on the bottom part of the burner cylinder. In this construction, the wick is more specifically arranged on the bottom part of a horizontally aligned, bottomed burner cylinder in a conventional manner such that the wick ( 207 ) is designed as a heat-resistant layer consisting of a porous material and by the wick holder ( 226 ) is held, which is designed as a flat disc and is arranged somewhat spaced from a base plate ( 233 ) of the burner cylinder. A releasable connection ( 234 ) is arranged between the wick holder ( 226 ) and the base plate ( 233 ). A feed current gap ( 236 ) is delimited by the wick holder ( 226 ), the base plate ( 233 ) and a side plate ( 235 ).

In the known burner for liquid fuel described above, because the air does not flow evenly into the flow gap ( 236 ), the liquid does not evaporate from the wick ( 207 ), but penetrates into it, or a part of the liquid fuel is liquefied again and accumulates in the vicinity of the connection ( 234 ), which increases the time for extinguishing the flame, denatures the fuel and leads to corrosion on the connection ( 234 ), which directly results in the removal of the wick holder ( 226 ) is very difficult to do.

In the case of the wick ( 207 ), this phenomenon occurs particularly where the liquid fuel does not evaporate, but emerges from the underside under the influence of gravity, or where fuel vapor is liquefied and is used as fuel, particularly in the lower region of the connection ( 234 ) accumulates, which is why uneven burns occur, which lead to incomplete combustion or long extinguishing times. In addition, the fuel is denatured and causes seizure on the lower side of the connection ( 234 ) and the wick holder ( 226 ) is no longer easy to remove.

Another horizontal burner for liquid Is fuel for use in a motor vehicle traditionally the combustion section between the Blower section and the heat exchanger section arranged. Such a burner has a bottom provided, cup-shaped burner cylinder, which with a corresponding number of air holes on one Side plate is provided in the combustion section and in which an oil supply line with an electromagnetic Pump attached to a base plate of the burner cylinder is. Furthermore, a wick holder is for holding one out Provided existing fiber material, the Oil supply line and the wick are arranged so that they come into direct contact with each other. At this Construction, since the wick directly with the Oil supply line is connected to a limited area of the Wicks on which the oil supply line lies, due to the  Operation of the electromagnetic pump repeated squeezed and relaxed, which is why the wick is softened and absorbs the fuel unevenly and therefore the fuel evaporates unevenly. A pulsating combustion can thus be incomplete combustion.

In another construction, which is explained with reference to FIG. 6 and in which the bottomed, pot-shaped burner cylinder ( 210 ) is provided with the air holes ( 211 ) on the side plate ( 235 ) of the burner cylinder ( 210 ) in the combustion section the combustion stabilizer ( 212 ) is formed with the upstream side as a cylinder part ( 237 ) and with the downstream side as a conical trapezoid in the burner cylinder ( 210 ), the cylindrical part ( 237 ) of the combustion stabilizer ( 212 ) being provided on the upstream side, which is the side where the ignition heater is installed towards the air holes ( 211 ) on the lower stream of the side plate ( 235 ) of the burner cylinder ( 210 ).

With the construction mentioned above, no problem arises as long as the fuel / air mixture is in order. However, when the amount of air decreases, a red flame arises. The red flame rolls into a nosepiece of the combustion stabilizer ( 212 ) through the air which is introduced through the air holes ( 211 ) on the downstream side of the burner cylinder ( 210 ), so the combustion reaction is disturbed so that the flame begins to soot.

In conventional heat exchangers with one burner Use in a motor vehicle heating system or the like is, such as in Japanese  Patent Laid-Open No. 14 6714/1985 is a conventional heat exchanger in the form of a Water jacket provided from an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder. At this Construction will have a heat transfer rate of approximately 80 to 85% or the like. Another structural Downsizing is no longer possible. About that is also a heating surface on which the combustion gas the heat exchanger can flow past, only at the Given inside of the inner cylinder while the Outside in contact with the water against the outside Cylinder lies, which is why ribs or other devices the heating surface on the inner cylinder only leave on one side, which becomes either unsatisfactory efficiency or to a not too leads accepting size of the device.

Brief description of the invention

(1) The invention is characterized in that at a vehicle heater of the type mentioned Heat exchanger is provided with a finned tube, wherein one arising in the combustion section Combustion gas stream comes into contact with a fin to transfer fluid in the finned tube heat, causing heat transfer.

(2) If you have a combustion stabilizer in one Burner cylinder only through a support plate attached, a gas mixture flows in an advantageous manner evenly between the outer circumference of the Combustion stabilizer and the burner cylinder without Redirection and becomes one with the air through and through Combustion gas stream mixed.  

(3) If a wick holder is provided, the side of a side wick and the side wick close to that Main wick holds and at a lower part of the wick Oil tank is provided and if an open end section of the wick holder extends over the oil container, then will advantageously excess fuel that not absorbed by the wick in the oil container collected when the temperature of the wick is still low is so that the fuel is advantageously attached to it is prevented from flowing out of the wick.

(4) When the wick is integrated attached to the wick holder and the wick holder is detachable on the burner cylinder is attached, the wick holder can advantageously be taken out of the burner cylinder to the To replace wick. This joint removal of the Wicks enable easy exchange.

(5) If the heating system is designed so that the tubular combustion chamber and the heat exchanger arranged along a horizontal axis are, the heat exchanger is ribbed and from a housing is surrounded, which with the tubular Combustion chamber is connected, and if a removal opening, which is provided on the lower side of the combustion chamber, and an exhaust port of the heat exchanger housing each other are arranged opposite, that will Combustion gas that is in the tubular Combustion chamber is generated on a rib one Subjected to heat exchange, creating the water in one Water pipe is warmed up. The combustion gas can then through the discharge opening and the exhaust opening be expelled. Condensed water, which due to the Heat exchange is also generated by the  Removal opening and the exhaust opening removed.

(6) If the heating system is designed so that the tubular combustion chamber and the heat exchanger are arranged together along a horizontal axis, the heat exchanger has fins and a cover is surrounded, which connects to the tubular Combustion chamber creates when the inner cylinder of the Cover of an outer cylinder of the Heat exchanger housing leaving a gap is surrounded, and when both on the cover and on the heat exchanger housing a removal opening and Exhaust opening are provided, can be advantageous Way that generated in the tubular combustion chamber Combustion gas on a fin a heat exchange undergo so that the water in a water pipe is warmed up. The combustion gas is then through the Removal opening and the exhaust opening ejected. Condensed water, which is due to the heat transfer can also arise through the removal opening and the exhaust opening led away.

(7) When the tubular combustion chamber and the heat exchanger are arranged together along a horizontal axis and the fan parallel to the horizontal axis is arranged, and when the fan and the bottom of the tubular combustion chamber via a channel are connected to each other in an advantageous manner air led to the duct under the influence of the fan, redirected at right angles to the bottom of the to hit tubular combustion chamber through a Baffle distributed and with through the air holes mixed fuel mixed for combustion.

(8) The tubular combustion chamber and the  Heat exchangers can advantageously be coaxial be arranged and a blower for feeding the for Combustion necessary air in the tubular Combustion chamber can be parallel to the axis and also close be arranged on the tubular combustion chamber. The blower then consists of a cylindrical housing, a blower motor and a turbo blower, which in the Housing are housed. At one end of the case is a side cover attached to allow air to flow into the tubular combustion chamber. A lid to prevent it a pressure drop, with an air inlet, is at the other end of the housing on the side of the turbo blower fitted and with a claw provided on the housing attached. The fan can thus be arranged externally to keep it from the radiant heat of the tubular Hold off combustion chamber while the blower motor and the turbo blower for repair or replacement can be easily removed by using the Claw of the housing bent over and the cover removed becomes.

(9) If the heating system is designed so that the tubular combustion chamber and the fan parallel axes are arranged, the blower motor and the turbo blower as a blower in a cylindrical Housing housed as a blower and housing if a lead wire on the outside of one Covering an output countershaft of the engine is provided, the outer cover on the outside of is penetrated by a side cover that closes the channel an air chamber and if a rubber seal in the Gap is inserted to the side cover, so that the seal closes the duct airtight and supports the motor advantageously the fan is arranged outside be so from the heat of the tubular  Combustion chamber to be kept away, one Rubber gasket can be used to close the engine wear and also the outwardly protruding area of the Sealing the guidewire, making a repair and the exchange of the engine and other parts is simplified will.

(10) If the construction is chosen so that the tubular combustion chamber and the fan in parallel are arranged to each other, the blower motor and that Turbo fan housed in a cylindrical housing are, as a blower and housing, a removable cover in the Housing on a side facing the turbo blower is fitted, an O-ring seal consisting of flexible material such as rubber or the like, in one another matching surface of the cover and the housing is used, the blower can advantageously to be arranged externally so it is from the heat of the to keep tubular combustion chamber, one Fitting surface of the housing and the cover with the O-ring is sealed and being repaired and replaced the engine and other parts by removing the cover be simplified.

(11) If you advantageously the construction like this chooses the tubular combustion chamber and the Blowers are arranged parallel to one another, almost cylindrical burner housing is provided to the to surround tubular combustion chamber when one end a flat flange in the end face of the tubular Combustion chamber is used to cover a side cover form when the blower and the casing with the other End of the flat flange of the side cover Sealing, caulking or the like. Are connected and when a channel is formed on the side cover, can  Blowers can be arranged externally so as to avoid the heat of the tubular combustion chamber to be kept away. The blower can also be repaired or replaced without the combustion part of the heating system to take apart.

(12) According to a preferred embodiment, a Removable wick holder on the base plate of a horizontal, bottomed, pot-shaped burner cylinder provided a wick on the nose of the wick holder is installed. A ring divider that is in close contact with a side plate that almost resembles the outer shape corresponds to the wick and opens to the wick holder, is provided in a gap on the lead stream side, which is formed on the outer periphery of the wick holder. There is also a suitable number of air holes in the Side plates between the base plate and the divider or provided on the base plate, thereby preventing that fuel at a connection of the wick holder and the base plate is accumulated. With this construction, at the on the lead stream side of the horizontal, with Bottom-fitted, pot-shaped burner cylinder provided divider and the air holes, the air flow easier to enter the lead stream side gap and hence evaporation of the liquid fuel accelerate, causing it to be more fluid Fuel has not accumulated near the connection can be.

(13) According to another preferred embodiment a wick holder releasably attached to the base plate horizontal, bottomed, pot-shaped Burner cylinder provided with a wick on the nose of the wick holder is installed. A divider with the top side comes into contact with a side plate that  almost corresponds to the outer shape of the wick and on the bottom is open towards the center is in the lead stream side gap that is on the outer circumference of the Wick holder is provided. Furthermore are Air holes on the side plate between the base plate and the divider provided, thereby causing liquid to accumulate Fuel on a connection between the wick holder and the base plate is prevented. According to the above construction where the divider and the air holes above the lead stream side of the horizontal, with floor provided, cup-shaped burner cylinder are provided, the air from the top to the bottom becomes one Position where the fuel is evaporated. The The air / fuel ratio is therefore balanced and one Evaporation of the liquid fuel is accelerated which means that there is no liquid fuel near the Connection can accumulate.

(14) If there is a gap between an oil supply line and provides a wick, and an area where Fuel comes into direct contact with the wick, too Pressure distribution is widened when one electromagnetic pump works, can be a Impairment of the strength of the wick prevented will. It can not only affect the Firmness of the wick can thus be prevented, it will rather the fuel in the wick in kept steady amounts, which is why the fuel is vaporized evenly and always a good one Combustion quality.

(15) If a cylindrical part of the Combustion stabilizer in the burner cylinder is provided further towards the downstream Side of the air holes on the lower flow side of the  Air holes that cover the side plate of the burner cylinder enforce, extends, becomes an inflow non-burning fuel in a gap between the Side plate of the burner cylinder and the Combustion stabilizer accelerates to air react and thus to avoid the formation of soot.

(16) If you design the heating system so that a Coverage of the heat exchanger is provided is cylindrical to a cylindrical To connect the burner and which has a flat part, the opposite of the other part of the cover is formed when several plate-shaped ribs are arranged in parallel in the flat area if one U-shaped water pipe is provided, which extends through the ribs extends through and when at both ends of the water pipe U-shaped angles and connections in a space between the flat part and the Heat exchanger can be installed, one can get cylindrical heat exchanger that to the Burner cylinder connects, with combustion gas coming in a burner is generated, effectively in the Heat exchanger cover and the fins flows. A Transmission fluid, e.g. Cooling water in the U-shaped water pipe through the ribs or the like. flows through, is heated and takes on a heat that was obtained through the cover and the ribs. Furthermore, the heating system can be made compact, because the U-shaped angles and connections of the water pipe in large gaps between the flat part of the Cover and the heat exchanger housing are provided, and finally the efficiency at Heat transfer also improved.

(17) If you design the heating system so that a  Cover of the heat exchanger is cylindrical, to connect to a cylindrical burner when in the cover ribs are provided, one end of the Cover is closed by a lid when on the cover between the side of the ribs on which the Swirling combustion gas, and the lid one Heat exchanger exhaust port is provided when a Exhaust duct with one side to the Exchanger exhaust port connects while the other Side of the cover to a disposal opening trained and arranged near the heat exchanger housing and if there is an exhaust port on the Heat exchanger housing of the disposal opening is provided opposite, a high Efficiency of this heat exchanger where the fins are effectively kept in the cover will. Furthermore, the exhaust duct through which the exhaust gas flows arbitrarily misplaced in terms of size and location will. The exhaust opening for disposal of the The burner can be selected at will.

(18) If you design the heating system so that the Ribs all with their longitudinal direction in the direction of flow of the gas in the cover are aligned and when the Rib width corresponds to the section of the cover that through the cylinder and through the flat throttle part is formed, the generated in the burner flows Combustion gas is effective through the cover and the fins through, which is why a very high efficiency in terms heat transfer for a cylindrical heat exchanger can be achieved by the cylindrical burner connects.

The following are exemplary embodiments of the invention explained in more detail using a drawing. Show it  

Fig. 1 shows a first example of conventional construction,

Fig. 2 shows a second example of conventional construction,

Fig. 3 in an enlarged view of a main part of a third example of the prior art,

Fig. 4 shows a fourth example of the prior art,

Fig. 5 shows a fifth example of the prior art,

Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of a main part of a sixth example of the prior art,

Fig. 7 shows a first embodiment of this invention,

Fig. 8 shows a second embodiment of this invention,

Fig. 9 shows a third embodiment of this invention,

Fig. 10 shows an enlarged detail of the embodiment of Fig. 9,

Fig. 11 shows a fourth embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 12 shows a fifth embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 13 shows a sixth embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 14 to 18 show various views of a seventh embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 19, an eighth embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 20, a ninth embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 21 to 23, a tenth and eleventh embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 24 to 27, a twelfth embodiment of this invention.

Embodiment 1

In Fig. 7, reference numeral 1 denotes a cover chamber, which consists of a channel-like burner housing 2 and a blower housing 3 . In the cover chamber 1 , a blower part 7 is integrated with a blower motor 5 and a fan 6 , both of which are fastened on a motor base plate 4 . Furthermore, the shroud chamber 1 comprises a combustion section 12, consisting of an ignition heater 8, a fuel evaporation wick 8, a baffle plate 10 and a burner. 11 Reference numeral 13 denotes a flow chamber for the combustion gas, which is provided in the interior of a heat exchanger 19 . The heat exchanger 19 comprises a finned tube 14 , a heat exchanger cover 15 , a water supply opening 16 , a tap opening 17 for the transmission liquid and fins 18 .

In the above-mentioned construction, combustion air is blown into the cover chamber 1 through the blower part 7 , as can be seen from the arrows in FIG. 7. The combustion air develops after the combustion in the combustion part 12 into a combustion gas flow and comes into contact with the ribs 18 in the combustion gas flow chamber 13 . The combustion gas heats a liquid transmission medium in the finned tube 14 and is then discharged to the outside through an exhaust gas opening 20 behind the heat exchanger. After the heat transfer, the transmission medium is guided from the tap opening 17 for heating purposes to a radiator, not shown here.

Since a finned tube is used in the heat exchanger, its construction is simple and the weight is minimized Compared to conventional heat exchangers Casting materials. The flow resistance of the Combustion gas is also very low; therefore suitable this heating system is preferred for use in motor vehicles.

Embodiment 2

In Fig. 8, reference numeral 21 denotes a support plate made of heat-resistant material, one end of which is fixed to the base part of a combustion stabilizer 22 at two vertically oriented positions, while the other end has a bent piece 23 and is fixed in the burner cylinder 11 . Thus, the stabilizer 22 in the burner cylinder 11 is only attached to the support plate 21 without a circumferential ring. In the construction described above, the combustion air is introduced from the air holes 24 into a combustion chamber 25 (see solid arrows) and heated as a mixed gas mixed with vaporized fuel (see dashed arrows) on the combustion stabilizer 22 to a stable flow of combustion gas and then after Heat transfer through the exhaust port 20 to the outside.

The combustion stabilizer 22 is fastened in the burner cylinder 11 by means of the support plate 21 , and since no ring is provided between the two, the gas flow is not hindered, and consequently stable combustion can be ensured. The combustion is stable all the time, the gas flow of the mixed gas is never prevented, which is why this heating system is particularly suitable for motor vehicles.

Embodiment 3

In FIGS. 9 and 10 a third embodiment is illustrated. Reference numeral 3 denotes a blower housing, 26 a combustion air inlet, which is provided on the front of the housing 3 . The housing further comprises a fan 6 , a calming zone 27 , a blower motor 5 , which is mounted on a mounting plate in the calming zone 27 . The Ventilatot 6 is attached directly to the motor shaft. All the parts described above together form the blower part 7 .

Reference number 2 denotes a cylindrical burner housing provided with a bottom, the bottom section of which faces the blower part 7 and has a blower opening 28 for introducing an air flow from the blower part 7 into the burner housing 2 . Reference numeral 11 denotes a burner cylinder which is provided with a bottom and is cylindrical. An air chamber 29 in the form of a gap is formed between the burner housing 2 and the burner cylinder 11 . The burner cylinder 11 is attached to the burner housing 2 . A suitable number of air holes 24 are provided in the housing wall 30 of the burner cylinder 11 and penetrate the cylinder wall 30 . The reference numeral 9 designates a wick which consists of a plate-like main wick 32 which is arranged almost in the middle of a base plate 31 of the burner cylinder 11 and of an adapted annular auxiliary wick 33 which comes into contact with the main wick 32 in an almost rectangular arrangement . The reference numeral 34 designates an oil supply line which extends from the base plate 31 of the burner cylinder 11 to the main wick 32 for the fuel supply. An ignition heater 8 is provided in the burner cylinder 11, projecting close to the wick 9 . The reference numeral 22 denotes a combustion stabilizer which is arranged behind a divider 35 provided in the burner cylinder 11 and is attached with its open end facing the wick 9 . The combustion chamber 25 is delimited on the mouth side of the burner cylinder 11 by the divider 35 . The components described above are all components of the combustion part 12 .

The following components with the reference numbers 36 , 37 and 38 are also part of the combustion part 12 . The reference numeral 36 is a wick holder which covers an outer peripheral surface of the secondary wick 33 and holds the secondary wick 33 in such a way that it comes into contact with the main wick 32 . The reference numeral 37 designates a retaining wall, which is provided in order to form a type of oil vessel 39 below the main wick 9 together with the base plate 31 of the burner cylinder 11 in such a way that an open end of the wick holder 36 extends above the oil vessel 38 .

The reference numeral 39 designates a heat exchanger housing which has a bottom and is cylindrical, the opening of the housing facing the combustion part 12 . Heating water and any additives are supplied through the water supply opening 16 provided on the base plate. The heat exchanger 19 through which the hot water is led to the tap 17 on the base plate is housed in the housing. Reference numeral 40 designates an exhaust gas duct that connects to the heat exchanger in the direction of the exhaust gas opening 20 , through which the exhaust gas collected by the exhaust gas duct 40 is discharged to the outside. The parts described above together form the heat exchanger part of the heating system.

As described above, a horizontal and axial flow combustor for liquid fuel is formed from a blower part 7 on one side of the combustion part 12 and from the heat exchanger part 41 on the other side of the combustion part 12 .

The mode of operation of this exemplary embodiment is explained below. If one supplies liquid fuel, such as gasoline, diesel or the like by means of a pump or the like not shown via the oil supply line 34 to the wick 9 and is heated by the ignition heater 8 , the fuel is heated to such an extent that it evaporates and finally by the Ignition heater 8 is ignited. The combustion starts when the blower motor 5 rotates and blows the combustion air into the combustion chamber 5 from the inlet opening 26 via the blower opening 28 , the air chamber 29 and the air holes 24 . The combustion stabilizer 22 is heated by the heat of combustion. At a time when the wick 9 is thoroughly heated by the radiating heat of the combustion stabilizer 22 so that continuous combustion takes place, further heating by the ignition heater 8 can be dispensed with. Liquid flowing in through the water supply opening 16 (for example engine cooling water) is provided in the heat exchanger 19 with a quantity of heat which almost corresponds to the quantity of heat which is emitted by the combustion stabilizer 22 and also downstream thereof. The liquid can then be removed from the tap opening 17 for heating or other purposes. When the temperature of the wick 9 is still low, excess fuel that leaks from the wick 9 is collected in the oil tank 38 and prevented from leaking completely from the wick 9 .

By providing the oil container below the wick will excess fuel coming from the wick overflows when the wick temperature is low and so prevented from getting completely out of the wick to expire. In this way the combustion can be done by means of simplest means are kept stable.

Embodiment 4

In Fig. 11, reference numeral 3 denotes a blower case. The fan housing comprises an inlet opening 26 and houses a fan 6 , not a guide vane 27 , a motor 5 for driving the fan for introducing the combustion air.

The reference number 2 denotes a burner housing. The burner housing 2 comprises an oil supply line 34 for supplying fuel to the burner, a plate-shaped wick 9 for evaporating the fuel, a wick holder 36 , a burner cylinder 11 with air holes 24 , a combustion stabilizer 28 , an ignition heater 9 for preheating the fuel before ignition and also for igniting the fuel, an air chamber 29 and a combustion chamber 25 .

The reference number 39 denotes a heat exchanger housing, which comprises a heat exchanger 19 with a water supply opening 16 and a tap opening 17 . The reference number 40 designates an exhaust gas duct and the reference number 20 an exhaust gas opening.

The wick holder 36 is cylindrical and fitted into an end part of the burner cylinder 11 by means of a ring 42 . The oil supply line 34 is connected to one end at the center of the wick holder. The wick 9 is fastened on the other side of the wick holder close to the ignition heater 8 with a holder ring 43 .

The following is how it works described construction explained in more detail.

In order to replace the wick 9 , the fan housing 3 is removed from the burner cylinder 11 . The wick holder 36 is then in an exposed position, which is why it can be pulled outwards. The wick 9 is pulled out together with the wick holder, after which the fastening ring 43 can be released to replace the wick 9 and then reinsert the wick holder 36 into the burner cylinder 11 . In this case the ring 42 considerably facilitates the reinsertion of the wick holder. However, the fastening means for the wick 9 on the wick holder 36 and for holding the wick holder 36 releasably in the burner cylinder 11 are not limited to the exemplary embodiment described here. When the wick is replaced, it can simply be removed from the wick holder, which is also possible if only limited space is available.

Embodiment 5

In Fig. 12, reference numeral 19 denotes a fin heat exchanger consisting of a water pipe 44 and a fin 45 . The heat exchanger provides a bottom cover 15 which covers these parts. The cover 15 has a discharge opening 46 which is arranged on the underside and the end of which is fitted into the tubular combustion chamber 25 (burner cylinder 11 ). Reference numeral 47 denotes a seal, 48 a burner flange, 39 a heat exchanger housing surrounding the cover 15 and 20 an exhaust gas opening opposite the discharge opening 46 . The cover 15 and the heat exchanger housing 39 are inserted into the flange 48 and the seal 47, respectively. The heat exchanger 19 is held at the center of the cover 15 . The water pipe 44 penetrates a bottom portion of the heat exchanger housing 39 and is connected to an external radiator. Reference number 49 denotes a retaining screw which connects the cover 15 and the heat exchanger housing 39 to one another. A gap 50 lies between the heat exchanger housing 39 and the cover 15 .

The construction described above is essentially achieved in that a conventional heat exchanger consisting of a double-tube buffer is designed as a finned heat exchanger. Although not expressly mentioned, the heat transfer rate is approximately 90%. Vapor in the exhaust gas, which is deposited due to the improvement in thermal efficiency, leads to a trickle and is disposed of through the discharge opening 46 and the exhaust opening 20 . Condensate formation due to a drop in temperature is disposed of by the exhaust opening 20 through the gap 50 .

In this case, the heat exchanger 19 can be designed in a conventional manner.

Since in this embodiment the cover 15 and the heat exchanger housing 39 are inserted into the tubular combustion chamber 25 and are then fastened with the retaining screw 49 , the assembly of the heater is facilitated.

The construction is such that the tubular Combustion chamber and the heat exchanger in one common horizontal axis are arranged, the Heat exchanger is formed from fin exchanger and from the cover and the heat exchanger housing is covered, the ends of which go into the tubular combustion chamber are used. The exhaust opening and the exhaust opening are on the cover and on the heat exchanger housing arranged. The heat transfer rate is therefore improved, occasional condensation disposed of and the dimensions of the heating are essential less than before. Furthermore, the assembly of the Heating also relieved, so that a heating system is obtained, which is excellent for use in Suitable for motor vehicles.  

Embodiment 6

In Fig. 13, reference numeral 51 denotes a duct that connects a bottom portion 52 of the tubular combustion chamber 25 (burner cylinder 11 ) to the blower 6 . The axes of the chamber 25 and the blower 6 are arranged parallel to one another. Reference numeral 9 denotes a wick, 22 a combustion stabilizer, 44 a water pipe and 53 a throttle.

In the construction described above, air (see solid arrows) is blown through the duct 51 by the blower 6 . The air is diverted approximately at right angles in the channel 51 , distributed through the throttle 53 on the bottom, enters the air holes 24 in order to mix with a combustion gas of the wick 9 and is then ignited by the ignition heater 8 for combustion. The combustion gases (see dashed arrows) are passed through the heat exchanger 19 and subjected to a heat exchange there with the water in the water pipe 44 and finally discharged through the exhaust gas opening 20 . The axis of the fan is arranged parallel to the axis of the tubular combustion chamber and the heat exchanger. The fan and the tubular combustion chamber are connected to one another via the duct, which is why the length of the heating system in the horizontal direction is short and the heating system is therefore particularly suitable for installation in motor vehicles.

Embodiment 7

In Figs. 14 to 18, reference numeral 11 denotes a burner cylinder for the combustion of liquid fuel, numeral 54 is an air chamber (burner housing) for holding the burner cylinder (11) and for supplying the combustion air supplied from the fan to the burner cylinder 11. The air chamber 54 is arranged almost cylindrically around the burner cylinder 11 and has a flat flange at one end. Reference numeral 55 denotes a side cover which is inserted into a flange of the air chamber 54 and forms the channel 51 for supplying the combustion air from the fan to the burner cylinder 11 . The air chamber 54 and the side cover 55 are made airtight by means of seals or the like. Reference numeral 34 denotes an oil supply line for supplying fuel to the burner cylinder 11 , reference numeral 19 denotes a heat exchanger for heating cooling water flowing through the engine to a radiator and reference numeral 20 an exhaust gas opening for the combustion gas. Reference numeral 56 denotes a cylindrical housing, with various stepped parts, which is flanged to the flat flange part of the air chamber 54 . Claws 57 are provided on the end part. Reference numeral 15 denotes a blower motor, 58 a lead wire for the motor, 59 an abutment for the motor, 60 a fan for supplying air, which is connected to the motor 5 . The motor is mounted on a motor mount 61 , on which a guide plate 62 is provided for guiding the air flow. Reference number 63 denotes a cover which prevents the air pressure generated by the rotation of the fan 60 from escaping out of the housing 56 . Reference numeral 64 denotes an air inlet, 65 the groove for an O-ring, 66 grooves for attaching dampers, 67 a recess for engaging the claws 57 of the housing 56 . The air inlet 64 , the grooves 65 and 66 and the recess 67 are provided in the cover 63 . The lid 63 can be made of plastic, die-cast or the like. At the air inlet 64 , a slide 68 is attached, with which the amount of air for combustion can be controlled. The slide 68 has a projection 69 . On the cover 63 , an O-ring 70 is attached, which effects a seal between the cover 63 and the housing 56 . The abutment of the motor 5 is supported by a rubber bushing 71 , which at the same time seals the motor cover 59 , which extends through the side cover 55 in order to take up the lead wire 58 leading to the outside. The rubber bushing 71 is held by a flange 72 .

The blower part is housed in the housing 56 , which is attached to the flat flange of the air chamber 54 as a unit, which is why the motor 5 , the motor bracket 61 and the guide plate 62 are fastened with screws and after attachment to a stepped part of the housing 56 of FIG can be attached to the outside with screws. Then the fan 60 is attached to an output shaft of the motor 5 , the O-ring 70 is inserted into the groove 65 of the cover 63 , which is then inserted into the end of the housing 56 . In this case, the gap between the top of the turbo fan 60 and the inside of the lid 63 becomes very narrow so as to avoid a pressure drop. Then the claws 57 of the housing 56 are fitted into the recesses 67 of the cover 63 and bent inward to secure the cover 63 . The size of the inlet opening 64 of the cover 63 is determined in that the projection 69 of the slide 68 is snapped into one of the grooves 66 . Since a corresponding number of grooves 66 are provided, the size of the opening can be adjusted as required. The slide 68 is then screwed onto the cover 63 . Furthermore, the abutment of the motor 5 penetrates an opening in the side cover 55 . This opening and an opening through the cover 59 , through which the lead wire 58 and other parts pass, are sealed by a rubber bushing 71 , which is fastened by a flange 72 .

The burner works as follows. Fuel is fed through the oil supply line 34 to the burner cylinder 11 and ignited at an igniter (not shown). The motor 5 is driven to operate the blower 60 , whereby air is drawn in through the air inlet 64 in normal amounts of air according to the opening determined by the slider 68 , flows into the housing 56 and from the air chamber via that of the air chamber 54 and the Side cover 55 shaped channel 51 is inserted into the burner cylinder. This starts the combustion. The combustion gases heat the heat exchanger 19 and are discharged to the outside through the exhaust gas opening 20 . The blower is external and spaced from the burner so that it does not come into contact with the heat emitted by the burner, and therefore the motor and fan cannot be affected by the heat. The structure is also such that the cover is fastened with claws of the housing, which is why repairing and replacing can be made very easy without parts of the combustion part having to be removed.

Furthermore, the cover is on the side of the Motor abutment designed so that it through the  Side cover protrudes outwards and in between arranged rubber bushing. The engine can therefore be kept safe and also the area through which the Lead wire out is through and through airtight, which also includes repair and replacement work relieved of the engine and blower.

Since the cover with the O-ring is in contact with the Comes inside of the case is also the case of the Housing airtight at this point, which is also a Facilitate repair and replacement work Engine and blower contributes.

It is particularly advantageous that the repair and Replacing the motor and blower is easy can be carried out without parts of the burner must be taken apart.

Embodiment 8

In Fig. 19, reference numeral 11 denotes a horizontally arranged, bottomed, pot-shaped burner cylinder which contains an oil supply line 34 , a wick holder 36 , a wick 9 , a side plate 30 , a base plate 31 and other components. An ignition heater 8 is provided on the side plate. The side plate 30 is interspersed with air holes 24 . A combustion stabilizer 22 is arranged on the burner cylinder 11 . A releasable connection is provided between the wick holder 36 and the base plate 31 . The reference numeral 74 denotes a guide current side gap which is delimited by the wick holder 36 , the base plate 31 and the side plate 30 . Reference numeral 75 denotes a ring divider which is in firm contact with the side plate 30 and almost corresponds to the outer circumference of the wick 9 and is open to the side of the wick holder. A corresponding number of air holes 76 are provided on the base plate 31 between the side plate 30 and the divider 75 .

The operation of the above is described below Arrangement explained in more detail.

Fuel which is conveyed through the oil supply line 34 to the wick 9 is distributed over almost the entire surface of the wick 9 , preheated by the ignition heater 8 , evaporated and further heated until ignition. A blower, not shown here, leads combustion air through the air holes 24 into the burner cylinder 11 , whereby the combustion air is mixed with the fuel vapor and burned. If the wick 9 has absorbed sufficient heat of combustion by radiating the heated combustion stabilizer 33 to ensure stable combustion, the fuel will be evaporated for the further combustion to a sufficient extent even if the ignition heater 8 is switched off.

The combustion air, which flows into the guide flow side gap 74 through the air holes 76 provided in the side plate 30 or base plate 31 , is directed to the divider 75 and presses fuel vapor into the guide flow side gap 74 in the direction of the combustion stabilizer 22 . Therefore, no fuel can accumulate in the area of the connection 73 and thus the time for switching off the heating is reduced considerably. The function of the described exemplary embodiment is achieved in an equivalent manner, regardless of whether the air holes 76 are provided in the base plate 31 or in the side plate 30 .

Because the divider and the air holes on the lead stream side of the cup-shaped burner cylinder can be arranged the fuel is not in the connection between the Collect the base plate and the wick holder, which is why Deletion time is shortened. Because the fuel never turns on accumulates at this point, the wick holder can at any time get extended.

Embodiment 9

In Fig. 20, reference numeral 11 denotes a burner cylinder which includes an oil supply line 34 , a wick holder 36 , a wick 9 , a side plate 30 , a base plate 31 and other components. The burner cylinder includes an ignition heater 8 , air holes 24 and a combustion stabilizer 22 . The connection 73 between the wick holder 36 and the base plate 31 is detachable. The reference numeral 74 denotes a guide flow side gap and the reference numeral 77 a divider, the upper side of which is in contact with the side plate 30 and which corresponds almost to the outer contour of the wick 9 and the underside of which is open from the center. Reference numeral 76 denotes air holes.

The function of this exemplary embodiment is described in more detail below. Combustion air that flows in the upper part of the guide flow side gap 74 through the air holes 76 provided on the upper part of the guide flow side of the side plate 30 is led down through the divider 77 to adjust the air / fuel ratio in the guide flow side gap ( 74 ) and especially in its lower area. The incoming combustion air blows fuel vapor towards the combustion stabilizer 22 , which is why no fuel can accumulate at the connection 72 and why an extinguishing time is shortened. An equivalent function to this exemplary embodiment can also be achieved if the air hole or the air holes 76 are provided in the base plate 31 .

Since the divider and the air holes on an upper part of the Lead current side of the cup-shaped burner cylinder are provided, the air is on the top is introduced to the bottom to even then, if the fuel tends to unilaterally down flow, the air / fuel ratio for a perfect To even combustion. The inflow of air in the lead stream side gap is improved to a Convection and thus an evaporation of the liquid Fuel to accelerate, which is why the fuel not at the connection between the base plate and the wick holder can accumulate, which is why the extinguishing time is shortened and therefore no fuel residues in the Area of the connection can remain so that the Wick holder can be removed at any time.

Embodiment 10

In Figs. 21 and 22, reference numeral 78 a blower, and reference numeral 26 a combustion air inlet at the front of the fan 78. These components form a blower part. Reference numeral 2 denotes a cylindrical burner housing which is provided with a base and with the base area of which the fan 78 is connected. Provided in the burner housing 2 is a cup-shaped burner cylinder 11 with a bottom, between which and the burner housing 2 an air chamber 54 is formed as a gap. The burner cylinder 11 is fastened in the housing 2 . Its side wall 30 is penetrated by a suitable number of air holes 24 . Almost in the middle of the base plate 31 of the burner cylinder 11 , a wick holder 36 is provided, in which a wick 9 is held, which essentially consists of fibers shaped into a plate. An oil supply line 34 is fastened to the wick holder 36 with an outlet end 79 , the outlet 79 facing the wick 9 . Fuel is thus delivered from the base plate 31 of the burner cylinder 1 to the wick. Reference numeral 80 denotes a gap between the outlet 79 of the oil supply line 34 and the wick 9 . An ignition heater 8 projects horizontally from the side plate 30 of the burner cylinder 11 into the burner cylinder 11 . A combustion stabilizer 22 is also provided in the burner cylinder 11 . The above-mentioned components form the combustion part 12 .

Reference numeral 39 denotes a heat exchanger housing which has a bottom and is cylindrical, the opening of the housing lying opposite the combustion chamber 25 formed in the burner cylinder 11 . Heating water or the like is supplied through a water supply opening 16 in the bottom side to a heat exchanger 19 and from there to a tap opening 17 on the bottom. These parts are located in the heat exchanger housing 39 . By the reference numeral 40 is an exhaust duct is referred to, which forms the bottom of the heat exchanger housing 39 and leaves a gap to the heat exchanger 19th The reference number 20 designates an exhaust gas opening through which the exhaust gases collected by the exhaust gas guide 40 are discharged to the outside. All of these parts form the heat exchanger part 41 .

Thus, the horizontally oriented, axially flowed through liquid fuel-burning combustor consists of a blower part 7 , a heat exchanger part 41 and a combustion part 12 , the blower part 7 being arranged on one side and the heat exchanger part 41 on the other side of the combustion part 12 . Reference numeral 81 denotes an electromagnetic pump which is connected to the oil supply line 34 in order to pump fuel to the wick 9 .

The operation of this embodiment is in following explained in more detail.

When you operate the burner, the ignition heater 8 is powered and heated to red heat. After a period of time, the blower 78 is actuated to draw combustion air through the inlet opening 26 . The pump 81 delivers fuel to the wick 9 , which evaporates there and is then burned. In this case, the fuel delivered by the electromagnetic pump 81 is largely delivered through the gap 80 . This reduces the pressure acting on the wick 9 , which also reduces a force that could contribute to impairment of the wick. Accordingly, the fuel is vaporized evenly and the combustion can take place under good conditions. By providing a gap between the oil supply line and the wick, the stability of the wick can be prevented from being impaired, the fuel can be vaporized uniformly, and the combustion can thus take place under good conditions.

Embodiment 11

In Figs. 21 and 23 22, the reference numeral a combustion stabilizer whose stromaufliegende side is formed as a cylinder 82 and its stromabliegende side is formed as a truncated cone. The cylinder part 82 extends further to the downstream side from the air holes 24 to the most downstream air holes 24 which penetrate the side plate 30 of the burner cylinder 11 . The advantages described above form the combustion part 12 .

The mode of operation of this exemplary embodiment is described below. With small amounts of air, a red flame is generated in the area of the flame tip. Even when the air to be supplied is gone, the flame flows into the gap formed along the side plate 30 of the burner cylinder and the combustion stabilizer 22 with its cylinder part 82 that extends to the most downstream air holes 24 . A time interval for the reaction of the mixed gas is therefore ensured, so that sooting is prevented.

By extending the gap between the side plate of the Burner cylinder and the combustion stabilizer can a reaction of not yet burned fuel with the Air are accelerated, the time interval between reactions of the mixed gas can be ensured, whereby a Soot formation can be prevented.  

Embodiment 12

In Figs. 24 to 27, the reference numeral 2 designates an air chamber (burner housing) that serves as a basis for the combustor and also as a means for introducing the combustion air to the burner cylinder. The burner cylinder 11 is cylindrical and has a plurality of air holes in its lateral surface (side plate). The burner cylinder 11 has a fuel inlet, an air supply part and an ignition heater on its bottom part. These parts are not individually identified by reference numerals. A burner flange 83 is formed in one piece with the burner cylinder 11 and fastens the burner cylinder 11 to the air chamber 2 . The burner flange has a contracted part that has a larger diameter than the burner cylinder 11 . With the reference numeral 15 , a cover of the cylindrical heat exchanger is named. Reference numeral 84 denotes a contracted flat portion provided on the cover 15 . The flat section 84 is arranged at two horizontally arranged locations that lie opposite one another. Reference numeral 85 denotes a plurality of rectangular plate-shaped heat exchanger fins. An increase in the efficiency of the ribs in a cylinder of the cover 15 is taken into account by combining several parts 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 of different sizes. The individual parts are arranged in fields, parallel to the flat section 84 of the cover 15 . The reference number 90 denotes a hairpin-shaped bent water pipe. A connection 91 connects to the water pipe at the entrance or exit. The hairpin section 92 of the water pipe 90 projects so far to protrude through the ribs 85 . The hairpin portion 92 is held facing the flat portions 84 located on opposite sides of the cover 15 . A gap 93 is formed between the flat section 84 and the heat exchanger housing 39 , which will be described later. The connections 91 at the entrance and exit of the water pipe 90 and the hairpin part 92 are accommodated in this gap. The water pipe 90 is connected to an inlet pipe 94 , which already serves to receive heat from a water inlet 95 near the burner cylinder 11 along the outer wall of the cover 15 . The reference numeral 104 denotes the outlet of the water pipe. One end of the cover 15 is closed by a cover 96 . Reference number 97 denotes a threaded bolt. In a lower section of the cover 15 , an exhaust gas opening 98 penetrating the same is provided. On the outer surface of the cover 15 , an exhaust gas duct 99 is fastened, which connects at one end to the exhaust gas opening 98 of the heat exchanger and at the other end leads to an exhaust gas opening 20 of the housing 39 , which will be questioned later. The heat exchanger consists of the cover 15 , the fins 85 , the water pipe 90 , the inlet water pipe 94 , the outlet water pipe 104 , the exhaust duct 99 and other parts which are integrally connected to one another by welding, soldering and are therefore subjected to a surface treatment by solder plating or the like can be.

Reference numeral 100 denotes a washer which is provided to close a vent hole 110 on the cover 96 of the heat exchanger. The washer serves as insulation between the housing 39 and the cover 96 . The heat exchanger housing 39 forms an outer cover of the heat exchanger and forms a gap to the outside of the cover 15 . In the heat exchanger housing, an exhaust opening 20 is formed approximately in the middle and matches the exhaust duct 99 . The housing 39 is sealed airtight to the outside with a rubber seal 102 . A seal 103 is also provided between the housing 39 and the inlet water pipe 94 of the circulation water line. Reference numeral 105 denotes a metal connection for receiving the inlet seal 103 , reference numeral 106 denotes a water outlet of the circulation line, reference numeral 107 denotes a thermistor for monitoring the temperature at the water outlet 106 . The thermistor 107 is held at the water outlet 106 by a metal terminal 108 . Reference numeral 109 denotes an O-ring. The water outlet 106 is screwed to one side of the housing 39 and further screwed to the outlet water pipe 104 with the interposition of the O-ring 109 . The reference symbol 110 denotes an adjusting screw for fastening the housing 39 to the air chamber 2 . A nut 111 is provided to match the threaded bolt 97 . A blower 6 is arranged on the outside of the air chamber 2 , which leads air to the burner cylinder 11 . One end of the cover 15 is fitted to the contracted part of the burner flange 83 on the side of the burner cylinder 11 or screwed with a corresponding surface after fitting, while the other end through the cover 96 with the bolt 97 and the nut 111 on the housing 39 is attached.

The operation of the embodiment described above is explained in more detail below.

When designing a combustor with a horizontally disposed heat exchanger that vertically aligns fins 85 while placing exhaust port 98 of heat exchanger cover 15 and exhaust port 20 of heat exchanger housing 39 facing downward, fuel, dirt, soot will drain and drip down or the like, which is attached to the ribs 85 , facilitated. The fan 6 is actuated and air from the air chamber 2 is blown into the burner cylinder 11 . Then fuel is conveyed from a bottom part of the burner cylinder 11 , ignited by the ignition heater, not designated, and the continuously replenished fuel is evaporated and burned in the burner cylinder 11 . Circulating water or heating fluid flows from the inlet water pipe 94 to a connection 91 under the action of the unspecified pump and flows through the water pipe 90 passing through the ribs, reaches the outgoing connection 91 and thus to the outlet water pipe 104 and finally to the water outlet 106 . The combustion is effected by the burner cylinder 11 and combustion gas flows into the heat exchanger to heat the cover 15 and the circulating water in the inlet water pipe 94 . The heat is then transferred to the water pipe 90 through the fins 85 to further heat the circulating water. In this case, the combustion gas effectively comes into contact with the ribs 85 at the flat points 84 of the cover 15 , which is why a heat transfer rate or an efficiency of about 90% is achieved. After the heat exchange, the combustion gas is also discharged from the heat exchanger through the exhaust gas opening 98 and via the exhaust gas channel 99 , the discharge opening 46 and the exhaust gas opening 20 from the heat exchanger housing. The temperature of the circulating water rises and the heat can be passed on to a radiator (not shown) in order to heat up a driver's cabin in a motor vehicle. If the temperature of the circulating water becomes too high and exceeds, for example, a set value of 85 ° C., this temperature is detected by the thermistor at the water outlet 106 , which leads to the burner cylinder 11 being switched off.

Because the flat portions of the cover are arranged opposite each other and that between the flat sections a plurality of parallel ribs are arranged and that the angles and connections of the Wa 04659 00070 552 001000280000000200012000285910454800040 0002003726862 00004 04540 through the ribs, can Angles and connections in a space between the flat areas of the cover and the Heat exchanger housing are housed, which is why Heat exchanger more compact and with a higher performance can be trained.

In particular, the reference numeral 98 denotes an exhaust gas opening of the heat exchanger, which is provided on the cover 15 in the region of the cover 96 , which is arranged on the outflow side with respect to the combustion gas of the ribs 85 flowing into the cover 15 . The reference numeral 29 denotes a housing which is arranged on the outside of the cover 15 and which forms an outer cover of the heat exchanger. Reference numeral 99 denotes an exhaust gas duct which is provided on the cover 15 and connects to the exhaust gas opening 98 at one end and closely connects to the housing 39 at the other end in order to form the exhaust opening 46 . An exhaust gas opening 20 is arranged on the housing 39 opposite the discharge opening 46 of the exhaust gas duct 99 . A compactness is thus achieved which adds to the increase in the heat transfer rate. The exhaust gas opening 98 of the heat exchanger can be provided at any circumferential location of the cover 15 . The exhaust duct 99 can be designed with its one end facing the heat exchanger outlet 98 in any dimensions and positions, and thus installation situations can be adapted. It is therefore possible to provide the position of the exhaust gas opening 20 of the combustor for discharging the exhaust gas to the outside as required. Since the fins and the water pipe penetrating the fins are housed on the one hand within the cover and on the other hand between the cover and the heat exchanger housing and since the exhaust gas duct is provided for discharging the exhaust gas from the heat exchanger outlet to the outside, the compactness is increased and the thermal efficiency becomes improved, the exhaust duct can be adapted in terms of dimensions and installation position, etc. and the exhaust opening of the burner can be further adapted to the installation requirements.

Numeral 85 denotes a plurality of heat-absorbing, plate-like ribs in the cover 5 , all of which are oriented with their longitudinal direction in the direction of the flow direction of the combustion gas indicated by the arrows, while the width of the cylindrical shape of the contracted, flat sections 84 of the cover 15 corresponds. The ribs each have different widths 86 , 87 , 88 and 89 . The reference numeral 90 denotes a water pipe, which is bent like a hairpin and penetrates the individual ribs 85 . By the reference numeral 94, an inlet water pipe is referred to, which is connected to the water pipe 90, and which, starting up of the burner cylinder 11 surrounds from the water inlet 95 a portion of the cover 15 and therefore also acts as a water pipe to the heat absorption. In the construction described above, it is taken into account that the ribs 85 are arranged vertically to the axial extent of the cover 15 and that the exhaust opening 98 of the cover 15 and the exhaust opening 20 of the heat exchanger housing 39 are both directed downwards in order to allow fuel, soot to drain off and drip off or the like that accumulates on the ribs 85 .

As described, the combustion gas flows efficiently to the fins 85 provided in the cover 15 , and therefore high thermal efficiency can be realized.

Due to the construction that the ribs in several Direction of the combustion gas flow in the cover of the Heat exchanger are aligned and that the widths of the Cross-sectional shape of the cover can match the gas effective in the cover of the heat exchanger and to the Ribs flow, which is why a high thermal efficiency is obtained.

Claims (18)

1. Motor vehicle heater with a combustion section for vaporizing and burning liquid fuel in a cover, with a combustion gas flow chamber with a heat exchanger, characterized in that the heat exchanger ( 19 ) has a ribbed tube ( 90 , 14 ) which in the combustion gas Flow chamber is provided. 2. Motor vehicle heater according to claim 1, characterized in that a cup-shaped burner stabilizer ( 22 ) is arranged in a horizontally oriented burner cylinder ( 11 ) that a support plate ( 21 ) which extends from the bottom part of the burner stabilizer ( 22 ) directly from the burner cylinder ( 11 ) is fixed, whereby the combustion stabilizer ( 22 ) is fixed to the burner cylinder ( 11 ). 3. Motor vehicle heater according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the combustion section ( 12 ) between a blower section ( 7 ) and a heat exchanger section ( 41 ) is arranged in that a wick ( 9 ) has a main wick ( 32 ) and a secondary wick ( 33 ) in close contact with an ignition heater ( 8 ), that the wick ( 9 ) is connected to an oil supply line ( 34 ) and is provided on a base plate ( 31 ) of the bottomed, pot-shaped burner cylinder ( 11 ) which is on a side plate ( 30 ) in the combustion section ( 7 ) has air holes ( 24 ) that a wick holder ( 36 ) holds the secondary wick ( 33 ) in contact with the main wick ( 32 ) and that an oil container ( 38 ) is provided below the wick ( 9 ), an open end of the wick holder ( 36 ) extending above the oil reservoir ( 38 ). 4. Motor vehicle heater according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the wick holder ( 36 ), with which an oil supply line ( 34 ) is connected, in a burner cylinder ( 11 ) with a corresponding number of air holes ( 30 ) penetrating the lateral surface ( 30 ) 24 ) it is provided that a plate-shaped wick ( 9 ) for evaporating and burning fuel is brought into contact with the wick holder ( 36 ), the wick ( 9 ) being attached in one piece to the wick holder ( 36 ) and the wick holder ( 36 ) is detachably arranged in the burner cylinder ( 11 ). 5. Motor vehicle heater according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a tubular combustion chamber ( 25 ) which is arranged horizontally, in which fuel is burned at one end and the combustion gases are passed to a heat exchanger ( 19 ), and the heat exchanger ( 19 ) are arranged on the same horizontal axis that the heat exchanger has a ribbed tube consisting of a water tube ( 44 ) and a rib ( 45 ), that these parts are covered by a bottomed cover ( 15 ), the Inserted into the tubular combustion chamber ( 25 ) at the end that a discharge opening ( 46 ) is arranged on the underside of the cover ( 15 ), which opens into an exhaust gas opening ( 20 ) of a heat exchanger housing ( 39 ) surrounding the heat exchanger ( 19 ) . 6. Motor vehicle heater according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a tubular combustion chamber ( 25 ) which is arranged horizontally and at one end of which fuel is burned and the combustion gases are fed to a heat exchanger ( 19 ), and the heat exchanger ( 19 ) are arranged on the same horizontal axis, that the heat exchanger ( 19 ) has a water pipe ( 44 ) and a rib ( 45 ), that these parts are surrounded by a bottomed cover ( 15 ), one end of which goes into the tubular combustion chamber ( 25 ) is inserted in that the cover ( 15 ) is also surrounded by a bottom heat exchanger housing ( 39 ) leaving a gap ( 50 ) free, the end of the heat exchanger housing ( 39 ) being fitted into the tubular combustion chamber ( 25 ) and a discharge opening ( 46 ) and an exhaust opening ( 20 ) on the cover ( 15 ) and on the heat exchanger housing ( 39 ) are seen. 7. Motor vehicle heater according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a tubular combustion chamber ( 25 ) which is oriented horizontally, at one end of which fuel is burned and the combustion gas is fed to a heat exchanger ( 19 ), and the heat exchanger ( 19 ) are arranged on the same horizontal axis, and that a fan ( 5 ; 6 ) is arranged parallel to the horizontal axis, the fan ( 5 , 6 ) and a bottom section ( 52 ) of the tubular combustion chamber ( 25 ) through a channel ( 51 ) are connected. 8. Motor vehicle heater according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a cylindrical housing ( 56 ) of a fan ( 60 ) for blowing combustion air axially parallel and close to a tubular combustion chamber ( 25 ) for heating a cooling water circuit from an engine to a radiator , for heating a vehicle interior, it is provided that in the housing ( 56 ) a blower motor ( 5 ), a fan ( 60 ) are installed, that a side cover ( 55 ) for blowing the combustion air into the tubular combustion chamber with one end on the housing ( 56 ) is attached that a cover ( 63 ) for preventing pressure loss and with an air inlet opening ( 64 ) is inserted at the other end of the housing ( 56 ) on the fan side, the cover ( 63 ) having claws provided on the housing ( 67 ) is attached. 9. Motor vehicle heater according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a cylindrical housing ( 56 ) of a fan ( 60 ) for blowing combustion air on a parallel axis and close to a tubular combustion chamber ( 25 , 54 ) for heating a cooling water circuit from a motor to a radiator and for heating a vehicle interior, it is provided that a blower motor ( 5 ) and a fan ( 60 ) are installed in the housing ( 56 ) that supply lines () on the cover ( 59 ) opposite the output shaft of the motor 58 ) there is provided a side cover ( 55 ) through which the cover ( 59 ) extends outwards and which forms a channel ( 51 ) leading to an air chamber at one end of the housing and a rubber seal ( 71 ) is inserted between the side cover ( 55 ) and the outer cover ( 59 ) in order to airtightly remove the channel ( 51 ) and at the same time the drive motor ( 5 ) poetry. 10. Motor vehicle heater according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a cylindrical housing ( 56 ) for a fan ( 60 ) for blowing combustion air on an axis parallel to and close to a tubular combustion chamber for heating a cooling water circuit from an engine a heater, for heating a vehicle interior, it is provided that a blower motor ( 5 ) and a fan ( 60 ) are installed in the housing ( 56 ), that a cover ( 63 ) with an air inlet ( 64 ) on the side of the fan ( 60 ) is inserted into the housing ( 56 ) and that an O-ring ( 70 ) made of flexible material, such as rubber or the like, which comes into contact with the inside of the housing ( 56 ), is inserted in the cover ( 63 ) . 11. Motor vehicle heater according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that an almost cylindrical air chamber for blowing combustion air into a tubular combustion chamber ( 11 , 25 ), for heating a cooling water circuit from an engine to a radiator, for heating a vehicle interior, surrounded it is provided that a side cover ( 55 ) is provided which is attached to an end face on a flat flange, that a fan housing ( 56 ) is arranged parallel to the axis of the tubular combustion chamber and sealing with the other end of the tarpaulin flange of the side cover ( 55 ) is fastened, a channel ( 51 ) being formed between the air chamber and the housing ( 56 ) by the side cover ( 55 ). 12. Motor vehicle heater according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that on a bottom part of a horizontal, provided with a bottom, cup-shaped burner cylinder ( 11 ) with a plurality of air holes ( 24 ) in its lateral surface ( 30 ) a wick holder ( 36 ) releasably attached is at the tip of a wick ( 9 ) for supplying and vaporizing fuel is installed, that a ring divider ( 75 ), which is open to the wick holder ( 36 ), is provided in a guide current side gap ( 73 ) through which Wick holder ( 36 ), the bottom section ( 31 ) and the side plate ( 30 ) is limited and that the ring divider ( 75 ) the side plate (lateral surface) ( 30 ) of the burner cylinder ( 11 ), which almost corresponds to the outer circumference of the wick ( 9 ), almost touched, and that in the side plate (lateral surface) ( 30 ) between the bottom portion ( 31 ) and the ring divider ( 75 ) or in the bottom portion ( 31 ) air holes ( 76 ) are provided. 13. Motor vehicle heater according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that on a bottom part ( 31 ) of a horizontal, provided with a bottom, pot-shaped burner cylinder ( 11 ) with a plurality of air holes ( 24 ) in its lateral surface ( 30 ) has a releasable wick holder ( 36 ) that a wick ( 9 ) for supplying and vaporizing fuel is attached to an elevation of the wick holder, that a divider ( 77 ) with its top is in contact with the outer surface ( 30 ) of the burner cylinder ( 11 ) is almost adapted to the outer circumference of the wick ( 9 ), and that the underside of the divider ( 77 ) is open from the center and is provided in a guide current side gap which is defined by the wick holder ( 36 ), the bottom section ( 31 ) and the The lateral surface ( 30 ) is limited, at least one air hole ( 76 ) being provided on the lateral surface ( 30 ) of the burner cylinder between the base part ( 31 ) and the divider ( 77 ). 14. Motor vehicle heater according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a combustion section ( 12 ) is arranged between a blower section ( 7 ) and a heat exchanger section ( 41 ) that an ignition heater ( 8 ) from a side plate (lateral surface) with one bottomed, cup-shaped burner cylinder (11) which projects into the burner cylinder (11), that the burner cylinder having an appropriate number of air holes (24) in the lateral surface (30) in the combustion portion (12), that a wick (9) close to the ignition heater ( 8 ) and is connected to an oil supply line ( 34 ) and is arranged on a base plate of the burner cylinder ( 11 ), a space ( 80 ) being provided between the oil supply line ( 34 ) and the wick ( 9 ). 15. Motor vehicle heater according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that a combustion section ( 12 ) is arranged between a blower section ( 7 ) and a heat exchanger section ( 41 ) that an ignition heater ( 8 ) from the outer surface ( 30 ) one with a bottomed, cup-shaped burner cylinder (11) which projects into the burner barrel (11) having an appropriate number of air holes (24) in its lateral surface (30) in the combustion portion (12), that a wick (9) close to the ignition heater (8 ) and is connected to an oil supply line, and arranged on a base plate of the burner cylinder (11) that a combustion stabilizer is formed (22) with the upstream end of a cylinder (82) and that the stromabliegende end of the stabilizer (22) as a circular truncated cone is provided in the combustion section ( 12 ), and that the cylinder part ( 82 ) of the combustion stabilizer ( 22 ) decreases extends on the flow side as far as the most downstream air holes ( 24 ) which penetrate the cylinder wall ( 30 ) of the burner cylinder ( 11 ). 16. Motor vehicle heater according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that a cover ( 15 ) of a heat exchanger ( 19 ) is cylindrical to connect to a cylindrical burner cylinder ( 11 ), and that part of the cover ( 15 ) opposite level Has areas ( 84 ), between which a plurality of plate-shaped ribs ( 85 ) are arranged parallel to the flat areas ( 84 ), that a U-shaped water pipe ( 90 ) is provided which penetrates the ribs ( 85 ), that a U-shaped Curve (92) projects out of the water pipe (90) of the ribs (85) and that an input opening (91) and an outlet opening (91) of the water pipe (90) is arranged in an intermediate space between the flat portions (84) and a Heat exchanger housing ( 39 ) is formed. 17. Motor vehicle heater according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that a cover ( 15 ) of a heat exchanger ( 19 ) is cylindrical to connect to a cylindrical burner cylinder ( 11 ) that ribs ( 85 ) in the cover ( 15 ) and a heat exchanger housing ( 39 ) is provided on the outside of the cover ( 15 ), that the cover ( 15 ) is closed at one end by a cover ( 96 ), that a heat exchanger exhaust opening ( 98 ) on the cover ( 15 ) between the based on the combustion gas, downstream end of the ribs ( 85 ) and the cover ( 96 ) is provided that an exhaust duct ( 99 ), which forms a discharge opening ( 46 ), connects at one end to the exhaust opening ( 98 ) of the heat exchanger and the other side comes close to the heat exchanger, on the cover ( 15 ) is provided, while an exhaust opening ( 20 ) is provided on the opposite side of the heat exchanger housing ( 39 ) while the discharge opening ( 46 ) see is. 18. Motor vehicle heater according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that in a region of a cover ( 15 ) of a cylindrical heat exchanger ( 19 ), which is opposite a cylindrical burner cylinder ( 11 ), a compressed, flat region ( 84 ) is provided, that a plurality of plate-like ribs ( 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 ) and a water pipe ( 90 ) penetrating the ribs, which is connected to them in one piece, are provided that the longitudinal direction of the ribs ( 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 ) in the flow direction of the Combustion gas in the cover ( 15 ) is aligned, while the widths of the ribs are adapted to the cross-sectional dimensions of the cover ( 15 ), which is formed by the cylinder region and the compressed flat regions ( 84 ).