GB2195757A - Heating system - Google Patents

Description

GB2195757A 1

SPECIFICATION der 210. Further, there is formed an opening

224 in the ring 223, and a red heat cylinder Auxiliary car heating system 225 behind the ring 223.

Fig. 2 represents a household heater using BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 70 the burner of the aforementioned construction

Field of the Invention in a vertical orientation, which is disclosed, for

The present invention relates to a car heating example, in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open system mounted in vehicles such as automo- No. 38314/1985.

biles and the like. A function in the construction of Fig. 1 will 75 be described next. First the combustion cham Field of the Invention ber 215 is preheated by the ignition heater

An auxiliary heating system which is in- 213 and a liquid fuel such as gasoline, gas oil tended to operate when the quantity of heat or the like is fed to the wick 207 by a pump of the heater working on the engine heat is by way of the oil feeding pipe 206. The fuel insufficient has hitherto been provided sepa- 80 is heated to carburetion and then ignited by rately from the engine. A heating means of the ignition heater 213. Combustion starts by the system comprises burning a fuel in a com- rotating the fan motor 205 and feeding the bustor, introducing the combustion exhaust to combustion air into the combustion chamber a combustion gas flow chamber provided in 215 from the air holes 211. The combustion the wake of the combustor, and bringing it 85 stabilizer 212 is heated by the combustion into contact with an internal heat exchanger, heat. Whenever the wick 207 is heated thor thus heating a working liquid such as, for oughly by radiant heat from the combustion example, engine cooling water or the like in stabilizer 212 and thus the combustion is the heat exchanger. Since the heat exchanger ready to go, heating of the ignition heater 213 constitutes a compartment for flowing the 90 is stopped. A mixed gas (indicated by a working liquid, it brings a combustion gas dotted line arrow) having passed a circumfer flow into contact with a wall surface of the ential wall of the combustion stabilizer 212 compartment for heat exchange. develops to a combustion gas flow to heat a In the prior art systems, the heat exchange working liquid (engine cooling water, for compartment must be complicated in shape 95 example) coming in through the feed water for ensuring a heat exchange of the combus- port 219 into the heat exchanger 216. The tion gas flow with the working liquid, and fur- working liquid is delivered through the tap ther the working liquid must be prevented hole 220 for utilization for heating and other from leaking. The compartment is therefore purposes. Thus, in the prior art illustrated in constructed of castings, which inevitably in- 100 Fig. 2, the function is similar to what has creases the weight to its disadvantage as car been described above.

heating system. In this prior art system, the mixed gas flow-

Another prior art construction will be de- ing between the combustion stabilizer 212 scribed with reference to Fig. 1. In"Fig. 1 are and the burner cylinder 210 fluctuates to shown an intake port 201 for combustion air, 105 cause intermittent combustion. That is, an in a fan 203, a straightening vane 204, a fan ner peripheral edge of the ring 223 prevents motor 205 for driving the fan 203 to propel an even flow of the mixed gas, thus resulting combustion air, and a blower case 202 con- in an unstable combustion.

taining these parts therein. Another type of auxiliary heater is a horizon- Next, an oil feeding pipe 206 feeds fuel to a 110 tal axial-flow liquid fuel combustor of a heating burner. A platelike wick 207 evaporates the system mounted on cars. Such a kind of liquid fuel. Further shown are a burner baseplate fuel combustor comprises, as disclosed, for 208, a burner cylinder 210 with a proper example, in Japanese Patent Laid- Open No.

number of air holes 211 perforated in the sur- 60109/1984, a combustion part formed be face, and a hoodlike combustion stabilizer 212 115 tween a blast part and a heat exchange part.

provided in the burner cylinder 210. An igni- A bottomed potlike burner cylinder is provided tion heater 213 preheats before ignition and with an air hole on a side plate in the com also heats during ignition. Additionally shown bustion part. A platelike main wick comes are an air chamber 214, a combustion cham- close to an ignition heater and is connected to ber 214 and a horizontal burner case 209 120 an oil feeding pipe and a ring auxiliary wick containing these parts therein. adjacent-to the main wick and which is adap- Then, a heat exchanger 216 receives heattive to the side plate on a bottom portion of ing hot water from a feed water port 219 and the burner cylinder.

delivers it through a tap hole 220. Associated According to the aforementioned construc- therewith are an exhaust guide 217, an extion, the main wick and the auxiliary wick haust port 218, and a heat exchanger case function not only as a distributor and an eva 221 containing these parts. Then, a support porator for fuel but also as storage therefor.

plate 222 extends from a bottom portion of However, in case the temperature of the wick the combustion stabilizer 212, which is coup- is low at the time of preheating by an electric led to a ring 223 fixed within the burner cylin- 130 heater, the auxiliary wick is particularly over- 2 GB2195757A 2 supplied with fuel. Thus, the fuel flows out of shape is also complicated which increases the the wick to cause an abnormal combustion. difficulty of assembling.

Such a kind of the oil feeding pipe 206 for Then, with reference to a combustion sys- feeding fuel to the liquid fuel combustor and tem for heating car compartments, the car the platelike wick 207 are disclosed, for 70 heating system has a heat exchanger, a bur example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. ner, a fan motor, and a fan disposed coaxially 146714/1985. Their construction is as shown within an almost solid casing. The fan and the in Fig. 3. A nose of the oil feeding pipe 206 fan motor are disposed close to the burner.

is connected to a wick holder 226 and the For example, see Japanese Utility Model Laid- wick holder 226 is mounted on the burner 75 Open No. 95033/1980.

cylinder 210. Further, the wick 207 is In the aforementioned prior art, the motor mounted so as to come in contact with the and other parts are liable to deteriorate due to wick holder 226. heat since these are disposed close to the According to the aforementioned construc- burner. Further the combustion part must be tion, the wick 207 must be extracted for re- 80 disassembled before repair or replacement of placement after the wick holder 226 is re- these parts, which is disadvantageous since it moved. However, in case it is mounted within involves complicated work.

a car engine compartment, the replacement Further, reference is made to a liquid fuel work is very hard because of positional re- combustor like burner for car heating systems, strictions. 85 particularly which operates for evaporating and As an example of the prior art car heating burning fuel on a wick provided on a bottom system, a heating means of the system will portion of the burner cylinder. A typical con be described with reference, for example, to struption of such a kind of liquid fuel combus Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 66729/1983, tor is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid Open as illustrated in Fig. 4. 90 No. 60109/1984 and is illustrated in Fig. 5. A In Fig. 4, are shown an intake port 201, a wick is provided on a bottom portion of the fan 203, a fan motor 205, and a blower case horizontal bottomed burner cylinder. The 202. Next, an oil feeding pipe feeds fuel to a structure has hitherto been such that the wick nozzle 227. A burner cylinder 210 has a pro- 107 is formed of a heat resisting layer con per number of air holes 211 perforated in its 95 sisting of a porous material and held on a surface and is formed with an opening on an wick holder 226 which is a flat disk and dis end portion of the burner cylinder 210. Further posed somewhat apart from a baseplate 233 shown are an ignition heater 213, a tubular of the burner cylinder. A junction 234 be combustion chamber 229, and a burner case tween the wick holder 226 and the baseplate 209. 100 233 is detachable, and a leading stream space A heat exchanger 230 consists of a double- 236 is formed by the wick holder 226, the pipe buffer concentrically surrounding the tububaseplate 233 and a side plate 235.

lar combustion chamber 229, an exhaust port In the prior art liquid fuel combustor de-

231 for the combustion chamber 229, and a scribed above, since the air does not flow blow-off port 232 for the heating air. 105 smoothly in the leading flow side space 236, The operation of the prior art construction the liquid fuel does not evaporate from the will next be described. First, a periphery of wick 207 but permeates into it, or a vapor of the nozzle 227 is preheated by the ignition the liquid fuel is reliquefied to stay in the heater 213. A liquid fuel such as gasoline, gas neighborhood of the junction 234. Thus, an oil or the like is fed to the nozzle 227 by a 110 extinction time is prolonged, the fuel is dena pump by way of the oil feeding pipe 206. tured to cause a seizure on the junction 234, Then, the fuel is heated to carburetion and and it is consequently not easily detachable ignited by the ignition heater 213. Combustion from the wick holder 226.

starts by rotating the fan motor 205 to feed In the wick 207, such a phenomenon is par- the air (indicated by a full line arrow) into the 115 ticularly striking where the liquid fuel does not tubular combustion chamber 229 through the evaporate but permeates from the lower side intake port 201. A combustion gas thus pro- upon influence of gravity, or a vapor of the duced reaches the heat exchanger 230 by liquid fuel is reliquefied to leave the fuel parti way of the air holes 211 and the opening 228 cularly in the neighborhood of the lower side and is exhausted from the exhaust port 231 120 in the junction 234. Thus, an unevenness of after heat exchange through the double-pipe combustion reaction arises vertically due to buffer (as indicated by a dotted line arrow). imperfect combustion or long extinction time.

Hot air for heating is fed into the passenger Furthermore, the fuel is denatured to cause a compartment from the blow-off port 232 (as seizure downward of the junction 234. Lastly, indicated by a full line arrow). 125 the wick holder 226 is not easily detachable.

In the prior art system, the efficiency of the With reference further to the horizontal heat exchanger is poor, in the vicinity of 80 liquid fuel combustor for use on cars, such to 85%, and its shape is large since it has an kind of liquid fuel combustor has hitherto elongated horizontal size which requires a big comprised a combustion part formed between space for installation in a car. Further, the 130 the blast part and the heat exchange part. A 3 GB2195757A 3 bottomed potlike burner cylinder is provided SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION with a proper number of air holes on a side The invention incorporates the following fea- plate in the combustion part. An oil feeding tures.

pipe connected to an electromagnetic pump is A heat exchanger may have a fin tube so also connected to a baseplate of the burner 70 that a combusting gas flow arising in a com cylinder. A wick holder holds a wick consti- bustion part comes in contact with the fin to tuted of fiber. The oil feeding pipe and the heat the working liquid in the fin tube, thus wick are disposed so as to come directly in realizing heat exchange.

contact with each other. A combustion stabilizer may be fixed in a According to the aforementioned construc- 75 burner cylinder only through a support plate tion, since the wick is connected directly to so that a mixed gas flows smoothly between the oil feeding pipe, a limited portion against outer peripheral surface of the combustion which the wick comes in contact is repeatedly stabilizer and the burner cylinder without cur pressed and decompressed according to an vature, and is mixed with the air thoroughly to operation of the electromagnetic pump. Thus, 80 a combustion gas flow.

the wick is weakened to hold the fuel une- A wick holder covers the side of an aux- venly, and the fuel is also vaporized unevenly. iliary wick and holds the auxiliary wick close Thus, imperfect combustion may arise from a to a main wick. An oil basin is provided on a pulsating combustion. lower portion of the wick and one open end Then, another construction comprises, as 85 portion of the wick holder is extended over shown in Fig. 6, the bottomed potlike burner the oil basin. Then extra fuel overflowing the cylinder 210 provided with the air holes 211 wick is collected into the oil basin when the on the side plate 325 of the burner cylinder temperature of the wick is low. Thus the fuel 210 in the combustion part. The combustion is prevented from flowing out of the wick.

stabilizer 212 is structured on the upstream 90 The wick may be integrally, fixed on the side as a cylindrical part 237 and on the wick holder and the wick holder kept detacha downstream side as a conical trapezoid in the ble from the burner cylinder. Therefore the burner cylinder 210. The cylindrical, part 237 wick holder can be withdrawn from the burner of the combustion stabilizer 212 on the up- cylinder when replacing the wick. The wick is stream side is installed facing toward the air 95 - then drawn out together for an easy replace- holes 211 on the lowermost stream of the ment.

side plate 235 of the burner cylinder 210. The tubular combustion chamber and the According to the aforementioned construc- heat exchanger may be disposed together on tion, no problem will arise at the time of a a horizontal axis. The heat exchanger is then proper air-fuel ratio. However, when the air 100 structured as a fin type and is covered with a flow is reduced in quantity, a red flame will shell to couple with the tubular combustion arise. The red flame-is rolled in a nose portion chamber. A discharge port is provided on the of the combustion stabilizer 212 by the air fed lower side thereof and an exhaust port of the from the air holes 211 on the downstream heat exchanger case are provided opposite side of the burner cylinder 210. The otherwise 105 each other. Therefore, a combustion gas pro smooth combustion reaction is thus inter- duced in the tubular combustion chamber is rupted resulting in sooting. subjected to heat exchange on the fin, thus Further, with reference to the heat exwarming up water in a water pipe. The com- changer of a combustor used on the car heat- bustion gas is then exhausted from the dis ing system or the like, the heat exchanger of 110 charge port and the exhaust port. Drainage this kind is a water jacket type which hitherto produced through heat exchange is also ex has been constituted by an outer cylinder and hausted from the discharge port and the ex an inner cylinder. Such a heat exchanger has haust port.

been disclosed, for example, in a hot water The tubular combustion chamber and the heating system of Japanese Patent Laid-Open 115 heat exchanger may be disposed together on No. 146714/1985. a horizontal axis. The heat exchanger is then According to the aforementioned construc- structured as a fin type and is covered with a tion, an efficiency of heat exchange is about shell to couple with the tubular combustion to 85% and no further size reduction is chamber. Further, the shell inner cylinder is realizable. 120 then covered with the heat exchanger case Still further, a heating area of the combus- outer cylinder with a gap therebetween. A distion gas and the heat exchanger exists only charge port and an exhaust port are provided on the inside of the inner cylinder, while the on both the shell and the heat exchanger outside comes in contact with water against case. Therefore, a combustion gas produced the outer cylinder. A rib or other available 125 in the tubular combustion chamber is sub means provided in the inner cylinder still jected to heat exchange on a fin assembly, leaves the heating area only on one side, thus thus warming up water in a water pipe. The leading to a defect of unsatisfactory efficiency combustion gas is then exhausted from the or unacceptably large size. discharge port and the exhaust port. A drain 130 produced through heat exchange is also ex- 4 GB2195757A 4 hausted from the discharge port and the ex- The tubular combustion chamber and the haust port. fan may be disposed on parallel axes and an The tubular combustion chamber and the almost cylindrical burner case is then provided heat exchanger may be provided together on to surround the tubular combustion chamber.

a horizontal axis and the fan is in parallel with 70 One end of a plane flange is fitted in the end the horizontal axis. The fan is connected to surface thereof to provide a side cover. The the tubular combustion chamber bottom fan and the casing are coupled to another end through a duct. Therefore,. the air is sent to of the plane flange of the side cover through the duct by the fan, bent rectangularly in the caulking or the like. A duct is formed of the duct to reach the tubular combustion chamber 75 side cover. The fan can be disposed externally bottom, dispersed by a baffle and is mixed so as to be kept from heat of the tubular with fuel through air holes to produce com- combustion chamber and the fan can thus be bustion. repaired or replaced without disassembling the The tubular combustion chamber and the combustion part.

heat exchanger may disposed coaxially, and a 80 A wick holder may be detachably attached fan for feeding the air necessary for combus- on the baseplate of a horizontal bottomed tion to the tubular combustion chamber is potlike burner cylinder, a wick being installed then disposed parallel to the axis and also on the nose thereof. A ring divider coming in close to the tubular combustion chamber. close contact with a side plate almost corre Then, the fan is constituted of a cylindrical 85 sponding to outer periphery of the wick and casing. A fan motor and a turbo fan are conopening the wick holder side is provided in a tained in the casing. A side cover for sending space on the leading flow side formed on air to the tubular combustion chamber is outer periphery of the wick holder. A proper coupled to one end of the casing. A cover for number of air holes are provided on the side preventing an escape of pressure and having 90 plate between the baseplate and the divider or an air intake is fitted in another end of the on the baseplate. Thereby the fuel is pre casing on the turbo fan side and is fixed with vented from staying in a junction of the wick a claw provided on the casing. Thus, the fan holder and the baseplate. According to the can be disposed externally so as to be kept aforementioned construction, the divider pro from the heat of the tubular combustion cham- 95 vided on the leading flow side of the horizon ber, while the fan motor and the turbo fan are tal bottomed potlike burner cylinder and the ready for repair or replacement by unbending air holes facilitate the air flow into the leading the claw of the casing to remove the cover. flow side space and also accelerate a steam The tubular combustion chamber and the convection of the liquid fuel, thus functioning fan may be disposed on parallel axes, the fan 100 to not allow the liquid fuel to stay in the motor and the turbo fan are then contained in neighborhood of the junction, a cylindrical casing as the fan and the casing. A wick holder may be detachably fixed on A lead wire is provided on a counter output the baseplate of a horizontal bottomed potlike shaft side outer shell of the motor. The outer burner cylinder with a wick installed on the shell penetrates externally through a side 105 nose thereof. A divider with its upper side cover forming the duct to an air chamber. A coming in contact with a side plate almost rubber packing is inserted in a space with the corresponding to the outer periphery of the side cover, thus keeping air-tightness in the wick and its lower side open toward the cen duct and supporting the motor. The fan can ter is positioned in the leading flow side be disposed externally so as to be kept from 110 space formed on outer periphery of the wick the of- the tubular combustion chamber. A rub- holder. Air holes are provided on the side ber packing is used for supporting the motor plate between the baseplate and the divider.

and also for sealing an extracting area of the Thereby fuel is prevented from staying in a lead wire. Thereby repair and replacement of junction between the wick holder and the ba the motor and other parts is facilitated. 115 seplate. According to the aforementioned con- The tubular combustion chamber and the struction, the divider and the air holes pro- fan may be disposed on parallel axes with the vided over the leading flow side of the hori fan motor and the turbo fan contained in a zontal bottomed potlike burner cylinder feed cylindrical casing as the fan and the casing. A the upper side air to the lower side ahead of detachable cover is then fitted in the casing 120 a position at which the fuel is vaporized. The on the turbo fan side. An O-ring consisting of air-fuel ratio is thus equalized, and a steam flexible material such as rubber of the like is convection of the liquid fuel is accelerated.

fitted in a mating surface of the cover and the Therefore, the liquid fuel will not stay in the casing. The fan can be disposed externally so neighborhood of a junction.

as to be kept from heat of the tubular com- 125 A void may be provided between an oil bustion chamber. A fitting area of the casing feeding pipe and a wick. An area wherein fuel and the cover is sealed with the O-ring. comes in contact directly with the wick is Therefore, repair and replacement of the mo- widened to disperse pressure when an elec tor and other parts are facilitated by detaching tromagnetic pump operates, thereby prevent the cover. 130 ing a deterioration of the strength of the wick.

GB2195757A 5 Deterioration of the strength of the wick can efficiency is obtainable for the cylindrical heat thus be prevented, and the quantity of fuel in exchanger complying with the cylindrical bur the wick is held evenly. Therefore, the fuel is ner.

evaporated evenly for combustion in good condition. 70 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A cylindrical part of the combustion stabil- Figure 1 is a drawing illustrating a first izer provided in the burner cylinder may ex- example of prior art.

tend further to the downstream side of air Figure 2 is a drawing illustrating a second hole on the lowermost stream side of the air example of prior art.

holes perforated in the side plate of the bur- 75 Figure 3 is a main part enlarged view illus- ner cylinder. Therefore, an unreacted fuel trating a third example of prior art.

flowing in a space secured by the side plate Figure 4 is a drawing illustrating a fourth of the burner cylinder and the combustion staexample of prior art.

bilizer is accelerated to react with the air, thus Figure 5 is a drawing illustrating a fifth preventing a soot from arising. 80 example of prior art.

A shell of the heat exchaner may be formed Figure 6 is a main part enlarged view illus- cylindrically to comply with a cylindrical burner trating a sixth example of prior art.

and a plane part formed opposite to a part of Figure 7 is a drawing representing a first the shell are provided. A plurality of platelike embodiment of the invention.

fins are then disposed parallel in the plane 85 Figure 8 is a drawing representing a second part. A U-shaped water pipe passes through embodiment of the invention.

the fins. A U-shaped bend and connections on Figure 9 and Figure 10 are drawings repre- both ends of the water pipe can be contained senting a third embodiment of the invention.

in a space formed between the plane part and Figure 11 is a drawing representjng a fourth the heat exchanger case. Therefore, a cylindriembodiment of the invention.

cal heat exchanger complying with the burner Figure 12 is a drawing representing a fifth cylinder is obtainable. A combustion gas embodiment of the invention.

burned on a burner flows effectively in the Figure 13 is a drawing representing a sixth heat exchanger shell and the fins. The working embodiment of the invention.

liquid such as radiator liquid refluent in the U- 95 Figure 14 to Figure 18 are drawing repre- shaped water pipe passing through the fins or senting a seventh embodiment of the inven the like is heated by heat received by the shell tion.

and the fins. Further, a reduction in size can Figure 19 is a drawing representing an be planned by providing U-shaped bends and eighth embodiment of the invention.

connections of the water pipe in wide spaces 100 Figure 20 is a drawing representing a ninth provided between the plane part of the shell embodiment of the invention.

and the heat exchanger case, Heat exchange Figure 21 to Figure 23 are drawings repre- efficiency is also enhanced. senting a tenth and an eleventh embodiment A shell of the heat exchanger may be of the invention.

formed cylindrically to comply with a cylindri- 105 Figure 24 to Figure 27 are drawings repre- cal burner. Fins are then provided in the shell. senting a twelfth embodiment of the invention.

One end of the shell is closed by a cover. A heat exchanger exhaust port is provided on DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EM the shell between fin wake side of the com- BODIMENTS bustion gas and the cover. An exhaust duct is 110 Example 1 provided on the shell with one side facing the According to a first embodiment illustrated heat exchanger exhaust port and the other in Fig. 7, a shell chamber 1 is constituted of a side formed of a discharge port close to the ductlike burner case 2 and a blower case 3, heat exchanger case side. An exhaust port is which is provided internally with a blast fan provided on the heat exchanger case opposite 115 part 7 having a fan motor 5 and a fan 6 to the discharge port. Thereby, a high effici- supported on a motor base 4. A combustion ency can be secured by the fin type heat ex- part 12 consists of an ignition heater 8, a fuel changer with fins contained effectively in the vaporizing wick 9, a retainer 10 and a burner shell. Further, the exhaust duct through which 11. A combustion gas flow chamber 13 is an exhaust gas flows can be set arbitrarily for 120 provided internally with a heat exchanger 19 size and installation position and the exhaust having a fin tube 14, a heat exchanger shell port for exhausting outside the combustor can 15, a feed water port 16 and a tap hole 17 be selectively positioned. for a working liquid, and fins 18.

The fins may be all of a same length in the In the aforementioned construction, cornbus- direction in which the combustion gas flows in 125 tion air is introduced into the shell chamber 1 the shell and may have widths corresponding by the blast fan part 7 as indicated by arrows to a section of the shell formed by cylinder in-the drawing, develops to a combustion gas and throttle plane part. A combustion gas flow arising from combustion in the combus burned on a burner flows effectively in the tion part 12, comes in contact with the fins shell and the fins. Thus, a high heat exchange 130 18 in the combustion gas flow chamber 13, 6 GB2195757A 6 heat a working liquid in the fin tube 14, and is and the burner cylinder 11. The burner cylin then exhausted from an exhaust port 20 after der 11 is fixed on the burner case 2. A pro heat exchange. The working liquid after heat per number of air holes 24 are perforated in a exchange is sent to a heater core (not indi- side plate 30 of the burner cylinder 11. A cated) from the tap hole 17 for heating of the 70 wick 9 consists of a plate-like main wick 32 passenger compartment. disposed almost at the center of a baseplate Since a fin tube is used for the heat ex- 31 of the burner cylinder 11 and of a limited changer, the shape is simple and the weight is ring auxiliary wick 33 coming in contact al minimized ascompared with a conventional most rectangularly with the main wick 32. An compartment formed by castings. Also, the 75 oil feeding pipe 34 is connected from the ba resistance to the combustion gas flow is also seplate 31 of the burner cylinder 11 to the reduced. Thus, a heating system preferable for main wick 32 for feeding fuel. An ignition use on cars is obtainable. heater 8 projects into the burner cylinder 11 close to the wick 9. A combustion stabilizer Example 2 80 22 passes through a divider 35 provided in In a second embodiment illustrated in Fig. 8, the burner cylinder 11 and mounted with its two support plates 21 are each constituted of one end open to the side of the wick 9. The a heat resisting material with its one end fixed combustion chamber 25 is formed on an on the base portion of a combustion stabilizer opening side of the burner cylinder 11 by the 22, and the other end has a bent piece 23 85 divider 35. The combustion part 12 is consti and is fixed in the burner cylinder 11 at two tuted of these parts.

vertically disposed spots for the two support The following parts 36, 37 and 38 are pro- plates 21. That is, the stabilizer 22 is fixed in vided on the combustion part 12 in the mid the burner cylinder 11 only by the two sup- dle. That is, a wick holder 36 covers an outer port plates 21 without a ring therethrough. 90 peripheral surface of the auxiliary wick 33 and In the aforementioned construction, combus- holds the auxiliary wick 33 in a position to tion air holes is fed from air holes 24 as come in contact with the main wick 32. A indicated by full line arrows in the drawing, retaining wall 37 together with the baseplate introduced into a combustion chamber 25 as 31 of the burner cylinder 11 form an oil basin a mixed gas with vaporized gas (dotted line 95 38 under the main wick 9. An open one end arrows), heated on the combustion stabilizer of the wick holder 36 extends over the oil 22 to a stable combustion gas flow, and is basin 38.

then exhausted from the exhaust port 20 after An opening of a bottomed and cylindrical heat exchange. heat exchanger case 39 is kept facing the The combustion stabilizer 22 is fixed directly 100 combustion part 12. Hot water for heating in the burner cylinder 11 through the support and other purposes is taken in from the feed plates 21, and since a ring is not interposed water port 16 provided on the side of the therebetween, the mixed gas is not blocked baseplate 31. The heat exchanger 19 sends and a stable combustion is accordingly se- hot water to the tap hole 17 provided on the cured. 105 baseplate side of the case. An exhaust guide The combustion stabilizer is fixed in the bur- 40 is formed in the direction of waste heat ner cylinder only on the support plates with- flow of the heat exchanger 19, and an ex out a ring therethrough, therefore a flow of a haust port 20 discharges exhaust gas col mixed gas is never blocked. Combustion is lected from the exhaust guide 40. A heat ex stabilized at all times, and thus a heating sys- 110 change part 41 is constitute of these forego tem preferable for use on cars is obtainable. ing parts.

As described, a horizontal axial-flow liquid Example 3 combustor is constructed with the blast fan A construction of the third embodiment is part 7 connected to one side and the heat as shown in Fig. 9 and Fig. 10. In the draw- 115 exchange part 41 connected to the other side ings are shown a blower case 3, a combus- of the combustion part 12.

tion air intake 26 provided on a front of the A function of the embodiment constructed case 3, a fan 6, a straightening vane 27, and as above will be described next.

a fan motor 5 fixed on the straightening vane A liquid fuel such as gasoline, gas oil or the 27, to which the fan 6 is directly coupled. 120 like is preheated by the ignition heater 8 and The blast fan part 7 is constituted of these then fed to the wick 9 by a pump (not indi parts. cated) or the like by way of the oil feeding A bottom portion of a bottomed cylindrical pipe 34. The fuel is thus heated to vaporiza- burner case 2 is kept facing toward the blast tion and ignited by the ignition heater 8. Com fan part 7. A blast port 28 introduces a draft 125 bustion starts from rotating the fan motor 5 from the blast fan part 7 into the burner case and feeding the combustion air into the com 2 and is provided on the base of the burner bustion chamber 25 through the air holes 24 case 2. A burner cylinder 11 is bottomed and from the intake port 26 by way of the blast cylindrical. An air chamber 29 working as a port 28 and the air chamber 29. The combus space is formed between the burner case 2 130 tion stabilizer 22 is heated by the heat of 7 GB2195757A 7 combustion and at the point in time when the detachable from the burner cylinder 11 are not wick 9 is thoroughly heated by radiant heat necessarily limited to the embodiment.

from the combustion stabilizer 22 to allow When replacing the wick, since the wick 9 continuation of combustion, heating by the ig- can be drawn out simply by extracting the nition heater 8 is suspended. A working liquid 70 wick holder 36, the work can be facilitated (or engine cooling water, for example) coming even in a limited space.

in from the feed water port 16 is heated at the heat exchanger 19 by heat generated near Example 5 the combustion stabilizer 22 and also at the In Fig. 12 is shown a fifth embodiment. A downstream side thereof, and is delivered 75 heat exchanger 19 is of the fin type consisting from the tap hole 17 for heating or other pur- of a water pipe 44 and a fin 45. A bottomed pose. Then, if the temperature of the wick is shell 15 covers these parts and has a dis low, extra fuel overflowing the wick is colcharge port 46 provided on its lower side.

lected in the oil basin 38 and thus is pre- The left end portion of the shell 15 is fitted in vented from flowing out of the wick 9. 80 the tubular combustion chamber 25 (burner Since the oil basin 38 is positioned under cylinder 11). A heat exchanger case 39 the wick 9, extra fuel overflowing the wick is covers the shell 15. A packing 47 and a bur collected in the oil basin 38 when the wick ner flange 48 complete the joint between the temperature is low, thus preventing it from shell 15, the heat exchanger case 39 and the flowing out of the wick 9. Thereby, the com- 85 combustion chamber 25. An exhaust port 20 bustion can be stabilized effectively through a is provided opposite to the discharge port 46.

simple structure. The shell 15 and the heat exchanger case 39 are fitted in the burner flange 48 and the Example 4 packing 47 respectively. The heat exchanger In Fig. 11, is shown a fourth embodiment 90 19 is retained at the center of the shell 15.

having an intake port 26, a fan 6, and a The water pipe 44 passes through a bottom straightening vane 27. A fan motor 5 drives portion of the heat exchanger case 39 and is the fan 6 to feed combustion air. A blower connected to an external radiator. A holding case 3 contains these parts. screw 49 holds the shell 15 apart from the Next, an oil feeding pipe 34 feeds fuel to 95 heat exchanger case 39 by a gap 50.

the burner. A platelike wick 9 evaporates fuel The above-described function is featured in and is held by a wick holder 36. A burner the main such that the prior art heat ex cylinder 11 has air holes 24 and surrounds a changer consisting of a double-pipe buffer is combustion stabilizer 22. An ignition heater 8 constructed as fin type. While not particularly preheates an air-fuel mixture before ignition 100 mentioned, the heat exchange rate is about and also heats during ignition. An air chamber 90%. Steam in the exhaust gas condensed 29 circurnferentially surrounds a combustion according to an enhancement of thermal effick chamber 25. ency flows to a drain and is discharged A burner case 2 contains these parts. through the dischcarge port 46 and the ex Then, a heat exchanger 19 has a feed water 105 haust port 20. Thus, drainage due to a tem- port 16 and a tap hole 17, an exhaust guide perature drop is charged from the exhaust and an exhaust port 20 are downstream of port 20 across the gap 50.

the heat exchanger 19. A heat exchanger case The heat exchanger 19 may take a type 39 contains these parts. known hitherto in this case. Further in the em- The wick holder 36 is cylindrical, is fitted in 110 bodiment, the shell 15 and the heat exchanger an end portion of the burner cylinder 11 with case 39 are fitted in the tubular combustion a ring 42, and has the oil feeding pipe 34 chamber 25 and then fixed with the holding connected to one side at the center. The wick screw 49. Therefore, the assembling work will 9 is integrally fixed by a fixture 43 on the be facilitated, other side of the wick holder 36 and close to 115 The construction is such that the tubular the ignition heater 8. combustion chamber and the heat exchanger Next to be described is the operation in the are disposed on the same horizontal axis. The aforementioned construction. heat exchanger is structured as a fin type and In order to replace the wick 9, the blower is covered with the shell and the heat excase 3 will be demounted from the burner 120 changer case. The end portions are fitted in cylinder 11. Then the wick holder 36 is ex- the tubular combustion chamber. Then, the posed and can therefore be drawn outside. discharge port and the exhaust port are pro The wick 9 is drawn out together with the vided thereon. Therefore, the heat exchange wick holder 36. Therefore the fixture 43 will rate is enhanced and a concurrently produced be detached to replace the wick 9 and the 125 drainage is discharged. Further, the shape is wick holder 36 is refitted in the burner cylin- made smaller than ever before and assembling der 11. In this case the ring 42 operates to work is facilitated, thus obtaining a heating provide an easy replacement. Nonetheless system preferable for use on cars.

means for fixing the wick 9 on the wick hol der 36 and for keeping the wick holder 36 130 Example 6 8 GB2195757A 8 Jn Fig. 13 -is shown a sixth embodiment. A phery of the cover 63. Damper locating duct 51 couples a bottom portion 52 of the grooves 66 are formed on the outside of the tubular combustion chamber 25 (burner cylin- air intake 64. Recesses 67 in the cover 63 der) 11 together with the fan 6. The axes of receive the claws 57 of the casing 56. Here, the chamber 25 and the fan - 6 are disposed in 70 the cover 63 can be formed of resin, die cast parallel each other. The bottom portion 52 en- ing and the like. A damper mounted 68 is closes a wick 9 and a combustion stabilizer mounted on the air intake 64 for adjusting the 22. A water pipe 44 carries the working quantity of air necessary for combustion. A liquid. A baffle 53 controls the flow of intake projection 69 is provided on the damper 68.

air. 75 An O-ring 70 such as rubber or the like seals In the above construction, air (indicated by the cover 63 against the casing 56. As full line arrows) is sent to the duct 51 by the shown in Figs. 16 and 17, a rubber packing fan 6. The air is bent rectangularly in the duct 71 support the counter output shaft side of 1, dispersed by the baffle 53 on the bottom the motor 5 and seals the motor shell 59 portion, comes into air holes 24 to mix with a 80 passing through the side cover 55 so as to combustion gas of the wick, and is then ig- lead the lead wire 58 externally. A flange 72 nited by the ignition heater 8 to combustion. retains the rubber packing 71.

The combustion gas (indicated by dotted line The blast fan part is contained in the casing arrows) exchanges its heat with water in the 56 coupled as a unit from above to the plane water pipe 44 as it passes the heat exchanger - 85 flange of the air chamber 54. The motor 5, 19-and is then exhausted from the exhaust the motor support 61 and the guide plate 62 port 20. are fixed with screws to this unit. After the An axis of the fan 4 is disposed in parallel unit is positioned at a stepped portion of the with the axis of the tubular combustion cham- casing 56, it is fixed externally with screws.

ber 25 and of the heat exchanger 19. The fan 90 Then, the turbo fan 60 is coupled to an out 4 and the tubular combustion chamber 25 are put shaft of the motor 5. The O-ring 70 is coupled together through the duct 51. Therefitted in the circumferential groove 65 of the fore the horizontal size of the system be- cover 63, which is fitted in the casing 56 and comes short, and thus a heating system pre- positioned at an end portion of the casing 56.

ferable for use on cars is obtainable. 95 In this case, a gap between a surface of the turbo fan 60 and an inside surface of the Example 7 turbo fan 60 and an inside surface of the A seventh embodiment is shown in Fig. 14 cover 63 is narrowed, to prevent pressure to Fig. 18. A burner cylinder 11 burns a liquid from escaping. Then, the claws 57 of the cas fuel. An air chamber (burner case) 54 sup- 100 ing 56 are mated with the recesses 67 of the ports the burner cylinder 11 and feeds the air cover 63 and the claws 57 are bent inwardly supplied by the fan to the burner cylinder 11. to fix the cover 63. An opening of the air The air chamber 54 is almost cylindrical as it intake 64 of the cover 63 will be determined surrounds the burner cylinder 11 and it has a by mating the projection 69 of the damper 68 plane flange provided on its side end portion. 105 with the axial grooves 66. Since there are A side cover 55 is fitted in a flange of the air plural grooves 66, the degree of opening can chamber 54 and partially forms the duct 51 be adjusted accordingly. Then, the damper 68 for feeding the air from the fan to the burner is screwed on the cover 63. Further, a coun cylinder 11. The air chamber 54 and the side ter output side end opposite from the damper cover 55 are constructed to be airtight by 110 68 passes through a hole of the side cover means of caulking or the like. An oil feeding 55. Through this hole pass the shell 59, the pipe 34 feeds fuel to the burner cylinder 11. lead wire 58 and other parts. This hole is A heat exchanger 19 heats a cooling water sealed and the parts are supported by the (working fluid) flowing from the engine to the rubber packing 71. The rubber packing 71 is heater core. An exhaust port 20 vents the 115 fixed by the flange 72. The blast fan part is combustion gas. As shown in Fig. 16, a cylin- constructed as described above.

drical casing 56 with different stepped por- The combustor then operates as follows.

tions is coupled to a, flange plane part of the Fuel is fed to the burner cylinder 11 through air chamber 54. Claws 57 are -provided on the the oil feeding pipe 34 to ignite on an ignitor end portion of the cylindrical casing 56. A fan 120 (not indicated). The motor 5 is driven to ro motor 5 is contained in the cylindrical casing tate the turbo fan 60. Air is sucked in through 56 but its lead wire 58, a counter output side the air intake 64 in a controlled quantity ac shell 59 of the motor 5 project therefrom. A cording to the opening determined by the turbo fan 60 for feeding air is coupled to the damper 68. The air flows in the casing 56 other end of the motor 5. A motor support 125 and is fed into the burner cylinder 11 from 61 supports the motor thereon. A cover 63 the air chamber 54 through the duct 51 surrounding an air intake 64 prevents air presformed by the air chamber 54 and the side sure arising from rotation of the turbo fan 60 cover 55, thus giving rise to combustion. The from escaping externally of the casing 56. An combustion gas heats the heat exchanger 19 O-ring groove 65 is formed on an outer peri- 130 and is then exhausted externally through the 9 GB2195757A 9 exhaust port 20. spite cessation of the heating of the ignition The fan 5 is disposed externally and apart heater 8.

from the burner so as to be free from the The combustion air coming into the leading heat of the burner. Therefore, the motor 5 flow side space 74 through the air holes 76 and the turbo fan 60 can be prevented from 70 provided on the leading flow side of the side deteriorating from heat. Further, the structure plate 30 is introduced to the divider 75 and is such that the cover 63 is fixed with claws pushes out vapor of the fuel in the leading 57 of the casing 56. Therefore, repair and flow side space 74, toward the combustion replacing works can be facilitated without distabilizer 22. Therefore, the fuel does not stay sassembling the combustion part. 75 in the junction 73 and thus an extinction time Still further, the counter output side shell of is shortened.

the motor 5 is made to pass externally An operation eqivalent to the above em- through the side cover 55 and is mounted bodiment will also be realized in case the air with a rubber packing 71 fitted therebetween. holes 76 are formed in the baseplate 31.

Therefore, the motor 5 can be supported se- 80 Since the divider 75 and the air holes 76 curely and a lead wire extracting area can be are provided on the leading flow side of the held thoroughly airtight, thus facilitating repair potlike burner cylinder 11, the fuel does not and replacement work of the motor 5 and the stay in the junction 73 between the baseplate turbo fan 63. 31 and the wick holder 36, an extinction time Then, the cover 63 having an O-ring coming 85 is shortened, and the fuel will never stick to in contact with an inside of the casing 56 is keep the wick holder 34 ready for detachment provided on the casing 56 at the turbo fan at any time.

side. Therefore, the airtightness between the casing 56 and the cover 63 can be secured. Example 9 Thus, repair and replacement work of the moIn the ninth embodiment shown in Fig. 20, tor 5 and the turbo fan 63 is facilitated. a burner cylinder 11 is constituted by oil the Furthermore, an effect will be obtained such feeding pipe 34, wick holder 36, wick 9, side that repair and replacement work of the motor plate 30, baseplate 31 and other parts. Also and the turbo fan 63 may be facilitated shown in the drawing are the ignition heater without disassembling the burner part. 95 8, air hole 24, and the combustion stabilizer 22. The junction 73 between the wick holder Example 8 36 and the baseplate 31 is detachable. The Fig. 19 illustrates an eighth embodiment. A leading flow side space 74 is adjacent the horizontal bottomed potlike burner cylinder 11 junction 73. A divider 77 has an upper side is constituted by the oil feeding pipe 34, wick 100 coming in contact with the side plate 30 at a holder 36, wick 9, side plate 30, baseplate 31 position almost corresponding to an outer and other parts. An ignition heater 18 is pro- periphery of the wick 9 and has a lower side vided on the side plate 30, having perforated open from the center. An air hole 76 is air holes 24. A combustion stabilizer 22 is formed in the upper side of the side plate 30.

provided on the burner cylinder 11. A junction 105 The operation of the embodiment constructed 73 between the wick holder 36 and the base- as above will be described below.

plate 31 is detachable. A leading flow side Combustion air coming in to the upper por- space 74 is formed by the wick holder 36, tion of the leading flow side space 74 through the baseplate 31 and the side plate 30. A the air hole 76 in the upper portion of leading ring divider 75 is brought into tight contact 110 flow side of the side plate 30 is introduced with the side plate 30 almost corresponding downward by the divider 77 to equalize the to an outer periphery of the wick 9 and openair-fuel ratio in particularly the lower portion of ing the wick holder side. Air holes 76 are the leading flow side space 74. The combus provided in a proper number on the side plate tion air the fuel, vapor toward the combustion 30 between the baseplate 31 and the divider 115 stabilizer 22. Therefore, the fuel will not stay 75. in the junction 70 and an extinction time is Operation of the embodiment constructed as thereby shortened.

above will be described below. An operation equivalent to that of the above Fuel fed to the wick 9 through the oil feed- embodiment will also be realized in case the ing pipe 34 is distributed to almost all the 120 air hole 76 is, formed is the baseplate 31.

surface of the wick 9 and is preheated and Since the divider 77 and the air hole 71 are evaporated by the ignition heater 8 to ignition. provided on an upper portion of leading flow Combustion air fed by a blower (not indicated) side of the potlike burner cylinder 11, even if comes into the burner cylinder 11 through the the fuel is apt to come downward, preferenti air holes 24 and mixes with vapor of the fuel 125 ally to one side, the air introduced much to to combustion. When the wick 9 is heated by the upper side is fed to the lower side to the combustion heat, an evaporation of the equalize the air-fuel ratio for perfect combus fuel continues to a steady combustion upon tion. Also, an inflow of the air to the leading receipt of a radiant heat from the heated com- flow side space is enhanced to accelerate a bustion stabilizer 22 and combustion flame de130 convection of the liquid fuel vapor so that the GB2195757A 10 fuel will not stay in the junction 73 between blower 78 operates to suck in the combustion the baseplate 31 and the wick holder 36. air from the intake port 26. The fuel is fed to Thus an extinction time is shortened and the the wick 9 by the electromagnetic pump 81 fuel is prevented from sticking to the wick for vaporization and combustion. In this case, holder 36 to keep it ready for detachment at 70 the fuel fed from the electromagnetic pump any time. 81 is widely dispersed to the wick 9 across the void 80 (Fig. 22). Thus, pressure applied Example 10 on the wick 9 is minimized. Therefore, a The tenth embodiment, shown in Fig. 21 strength of the wick 9 is prevented from de- and Fig. 22, includes a blower 78 and a comteriorating. Accordingly, the fuel can be vapor bustion air intake 24 provided in front of the ized uniformly, and combustion is -realized in blower 78. These parts constitute a blast fan good condition.

part. The blower 78 is connected at the bot- Because a void 80 is provided between the torn portion of a bottomed cylindrical burner oil feeding pipe 34 and the wick 9, a deterior-;Z case 2. A burner cylinder 11 is bottomed and 80 ation in strength of the wick 9 is Prevented, potlike. The air chamber 54 is formed as a the fuel can be vaporized uniformly, and thus space between the case 2 and the burner cyl- an effect is that combustion can be realized in inder 11. The burner cylinder 11 is fixed in good condition.

the case 2 and a proper number of air holes 24 are perforated in the side plate 30 of the 85 Example 11 burner cylinder 11. A wick 9 is constituted of The eleventh embodiment, shown in Fig. 21 fiber, formed like a plate and is provided on and Fig. 23, includes a combustion stabilizer the wick holder 36 provided almost at the 22, for which the upstream side with respect center of the baseplate 31 of the burner cylin- to the burner cylinder 11 is formed like a der 11. An outlet 79 of the oil feeding pipe 90 cylinder 82, as shown in Fig. 23, and the 34 is fixed on the wick holder 36. The outlet downstream side as a circular truncated cone.

79 is kept facing the wick 9 from the side of The cylinder part 82 extends further to the the baseplate 31 of the burner cylinder 11, downstream side from the air holes 24 than thus feeding fuel to the wick 9. A void 80 is any of air holes 24 perforated in the side provided between the outlet 79 of the oil 95 plate 30 of the burner cylinder 11. The com feeding pipe 34 and the wick 9. An ignition bustion part 12 is constituted of the above heater 80 projects horizontally into the burner components.

cylinder 11 from the side plate 30 of the bur- To be described next is the operation of the ner cylinder 11. A combustion stabilizer is poembodiment constructed as above.

sitioned within the side plate 30. The above 100 When air is in rather short supply, a red components constitute the combustion part combustion region is produced on the tip of 12. A heat exchanger case 39 is bottomed flame. Even after the air to be fed is gone, and cylindrical with the opening kept facing the flame flows in the space between the side toward the combustion chamber 25 formed in plate 30 of the burner cylinder part 82 ex the burner cylinder 11. Working water for 105 tending more downstream than the last air heating and other purposes is taken in from hole 24. Therefore, a reaction distance (time) the feed water port 16 provided on the bot- of the mixed gas is secured, and soot is pre tom side. The heat exchanger 19 within the vented from being deposited.

heat exchanger case 39 feeds the heated By prolonging the space formed between water working to the tap hole 17 provided 110 the side plate 30 of the burner cylinder 11 also on the bottom side, An exhaust guide and the combustion stabilizer 22, a reaction of 40, constitutes a bottom portion of the heat the unreacted fuel with the air is accelerated exchanger case 39 and forms a space with and a reaction distance (time) of the mixed the heat exchanger 19. Exhaust collected gas can be secured, thereby preventing occur through the exhaust guide 40 is exhausted 115 rence of soot.

through an exhaust port 20. The heat ex change part 41 is constituted 6 these parts Example 12 19. The twelfth and Ist embodiment is illustrated Thus, a horizontal axial-flow liquid fuel com- in Fig. 24 to Fig. 27. An air chamber (burner bustor is constructed with the blast fan part 7 120 case) 2 works as a base for the combustor connected to one side and the heat exchange and also as a means for feeding air to the part 4.1 connected to the other side of the burner cylinder. A burner cylinder 11 is cylin combustion part 12. An electromagnetic pump drical and has a multiplicity of air holes on the 81 is connected to the oil feeding pipe 34 to side plate. The burner cylinder 11 has a fuel feed fuel to the wick 9. 125 inlet, a feed air part, and an ignition heater The operation of the embodment con- (not separately indicated) on its side bottom structed as above will be described next. portion. A burner flange 83 is constructed in- In order to actuate the combustor, a current tegrally with the burner cylinder 11 so as to is supplied to the ignition heater 8 to heat it mount the burner cylinder 11 on the air cham red hot. After a certain period of time, the 130 ber 2. The burner flange 83 has a contracted 11 GB2195757A 11 portion slightly larger in diameter than the bur- temperature of the circulating water outlet ner cylinder 11. 106, and the thermistor 107 is retained on A shell 15 of the heat exchanger is cylindri- the circulating water outlet 106 with a metal cally formed. Thus contracted plane portions fitting 108.

84 are provided on the shell 15. The plane 70 The circulating water outlet 106 is screwed portions 84 are provided at two spots hori- on a side of the case 39 and is further zontally so as to face each other. Plural fins screwed on the outlet water pipe 104 through are square and plate-like for receiving heat. an O-ring 109. A sets screw 110 fixes the An efficient array of the fins 85 within a cylin- case 39 on the air chamber 2. A nut 111 is der of the shell 15 is designed in considera- 75 used on the stud bolt 97 to fasten the case tion by combining, as shown in Fig. 26, plural 39 to the cover part 96 with the washer 100 fins 86, 87, 88, 9 of different sizes. The in between. A fan 6 feeds air to the burner array further comprises the parallel plane por- cylinder 118 and is mounted on the outside of tion 84 of the shell 15. A hairpin water pipe the air chamber 2. One end of the shell 15 is 90 comprises two outlet/inlet end connections 80 fitted in the contracted portion of the burner 91 connected by a hairpin portion 92 of the flange 83 on the side of burner cylinder 11 or water pipe 90 protruding to pass through the screwed thereon at a side mating, surface fins 85. The outer/inlet connections 91 are after fitting. The other end of the shell 15 is kept facing the plane portions 84 formed on tightened and fixed on the case 39 through opposite sides of the shell 15. A space 93 is 85 the cover 96 with the stud bolt 97 and the formed between each plane portions 84 and nut 111. the heat exchanger case 39 and will be de- The operation of the embodiment

con- scribed later. The outlet/inlet end connection structed as above will be described next.

91 and the hairpin portions 92 can be con- When a combustor is constructed using the tained in the space. 90 heat exchanger of the horizontal type, the di- An inlet water pipe 94 is connected to the rection in which the fin 85 is arranged is verti- water pipe 90 and works as a water pipe for cal, while the direction in which the heat ex receiving heat along an outer wall of the shell changer exhaust port 98 of the shell 15 and from a circulating water inlet 95 as the the exhaust port 20 of the case 39 are dis inlet water pipe 94 extends toward the burner 95 posed is downward. This arrangement facili cylinder 11. An outlet water pipe 104 is contates draining and dropping of a fuel scum or nected to the last of the hairpin pipes 90. A soot sticking to the fin 85. The fan 6 is actu cover part 96 closes one end of the shell 15 ated so as to feed into the burner cylinder 11 and terminates with a stud bolt 97. An ex- from the air chamber 2. Then, fuel is fed from haust port 98 is perforated in a side lower 100 a bottom portion of the burner cylinder 11, portion of the shell 15. An exhaust duct 99 is ignited by the ignition heater (not indicated), mounted on an outer surface of the shell 15 and the continuously fed fuel is vaporized to with its one side facing the exhaust port 98 combustion in the burner cylinder 11; A circu of the heat exchanger and the other side lating working water of radiator liquid passes facing the exhaust port 20 of the case 39 105 one incoming end connection 91 from the in described hereinafter. The heat exchanger is let water pipe 94 under pressure of a pump constituted of the shell 15, fin 85, water pipe (not indicated) and circlates through the outgo 90, inlet water pipe 94, outlet water pipe ing end connection 91 of the water pipe 90 104, exhaust duct 99 and other parts, which passing through the fin 85 by way of the are joined together integrally by welding, braz- 110 outlet water pipe 104 and the circulating ing or other means and subjected to a surface water outlet 106. Combustion is effected on treatment by solder plating. the burner cylinder 11, a combustion gas A washer 160 can be positioned on the flows into the heat exchanger to heat the shell stud 97 to close vent holes 101 provided on 15 and the circulating water flowing in the the cover 96 of the heat exchanger and to 115 inlet water pipe 94, and then the heat is operate as a heat insulation between the case transferred to the water pipe 90 from the fin 39 and the cover 96. A heat exchanger case 85 to heat the circulating water further. In this 39 forms an outer shell of the heat exchanger case the combustion gas comes in contact to leave a space facing the outside of the efficiently with the fin 85 at the plane portion more inward shell 15. An exhaust port 20 is 120 84 of the shell 15, and thus a heat transmis provided at the center of the case 39 or ther- sibility or thermal efficiency is obtained of eabout correspondingly to the exhaust duct about 90%. The combustion gas after heat 99. A rubber packing 102 is provided for exchange is exhausted outside the heat ex maintaining external airtightness of the case changer as an exhaust gas from the exhaust 39. An inlet packing 103 seals an area be- 125 port 98 of the heat exchanger through the tween the inlet water pipe 94 of the circulatexhaust port 20 by way of the exhaust duct ing water inlet 105 and the case 39. A metal 99 and the discharge port 46. The tempera fitting 105 retains the inlet packing 103. A ture of the circulating water rises and the heat circulating water outlet 106 carries the heated is radiated by the heater core (not indicated) working water. A thermistor 107 detects the 130 provided in a passenger compartment to heat 12 GB2195757A 12 in the compartment. When the heat becomes through the fins 85. An inlet water pipe 94 is excessive from radiation from the engine's op- connected to the water pipe 90 to surround a eration, the temperature of the circulating portion from the circulating water inlet 95 to water rises, and when it exceeds a set point ward the burner cylinder 11 of the shell 15 of 85'C, for example, the thermistor 107 de- 70 and also functions as a water pipe for receiv tects this temperature at the circulating water ing heat. In a construction of the heat ex outlet 106 and causes the burner cylinder 11 changer, consideration is given such that the to stop burning. fins are 85 kept facing vertically to the axial From such a design that the plane port, ion direction of the shell 15, and the heat ex- opposite to the shell is so positioned with 75 changer exhaust port 98 of the shell 15 and respect to a plurality of fins parallel with the the exhaust port 20 mounted on the case 39 plane portion of the shell and that a bend and are both kept facing downward, thus facilitat connections of the water pipe passing through ing draining and removal of a fuel scum or the fins can be contained in a space formed soot sticking on the fins 85.

between the plane portion of the shell and the 80 As described, a combustion gas flows ef- heat exchanger case, the design can be made fectively through the fins 85 within the shell quite compact and heat efficiency can be en- 15 and thus a high thermal' efficiency is obhanced. tainable.

Particularly, a heat exchanger exhaust port Since many fins are disposed in the direc- 98 is provided from the shell 15 through a 85 tion of combustion gas flow in the shell of the side of the cover 96 which is on the down- heat exchanger and the widths are set corre stream side of the-fin 85 of a combustion gas sponding to the sectional form, the gas flows passing in the shell 15. A case 29 is provided effectively in the shell of the heat exchanger on the outside of the shell 15 and constitutes and the fins, thus obtaining a high thermal an outer shell of the heat exchanger. An ex- 90 efficiency.

haust duct 99 is provided on the shell 15

Claims (10)

1. with the one side facing the heat exchanger CLAIMS exhaust port 98 and the

   other side kept close 1. A heating system, comprising:

   to- the side of the case 39 to form the dis- a combustion part for vaporizing and buring charge port 45. An exhaust port 20 is pro- 95 a liquid fuel in a first shell, an air stream being vided on the case 39 opposite to the dis- formed with an upstream and a downstream charge port 46 of the exhaust duct 99. direction; and Thus, size reduction will be realized and, in a heat exchange part downstream of said addition, heat efficiency can be enhanced. The combustion part and including a combustion heat exchanger exhaust port 98 can be pro- 100 gas flow chamber and a heat exchanger dis vided at any spot on a circumference of the posed inside said gas flow chamber, said heat shell 15. Further, the exhaust duct 99 with its exchanger having a tube carrying a heatable one side facing the heat exchanger exhaust fluid and having a plurality of fins within said port 98 can have arbitrarily set dimensions gas flow chamber attached to said tube.

   and installation position. Thus, the position 105
2. 2. A heating system as recited in Claim 1, where to provide the exhaust port 20 of the wherein said combustion part comprises:

   combustor for exhausting externally may be a burner cylinder; advantageously selected. a combustion stabilizer of varying diameters From such a construction that the fin and disposed within said burner cylinder; and the water pipe passing through the fin are 110 a support plate having planar surfaces ex- contained in the shell between the shell and tending from an upstream portion of said the heat exchanger case and that the exhaust combustion stabilizer and fixed directly in said duct leads an exhaust gas externally from the burner cylinder, thereby fixing said combustion heat exchanger exhaust port, an effect is that stabilizer in said burner cylinder.

   size reduction will be realized, thermal effici- 115
3. 3. A heating system as recited in Claim 2, enby can be enhanced, the exhaust duct can wherein said burner cylinder has a horizontally arbitrarily be set for dimensions and other ad- extending axis.

   vantages can be obtained. Further, the exhaust
4. 4. A heating system as recited in Claim 1, port for exhausting externally of the combus- further comprising a blast fan part disposed tor can be positioned selectively. 120 upstream of said combustion part, said com- A heat receiving fin assembly 85 consists bustion part further comprising:

   of a plurality of plate-like fins in the shell 15. an ignition heater; The platelike fins are of a common length in a cylindrical burner cylinder having air holes the direction of the combustion gas flow indi- on a side plate thereof; cated by an arrow, while their widths corre- 125 a feeder pipe disposed on a baseplate of spond to the cylindrical form and the consaid burner cylinder for supplying fuel; tracted plane portion 84 of the shell 15. The a wick comprising a main wick and an aux- different fins 86, 87 88 and 89 have a combi- iliary wick in close opposition to said ignition nation of different widths. A water pipe 90 is heater and connected to said feeder pipe; of hairpin form and so provided as to pass 130 a wick holder for holding said auxiliary wick 13 GB2195757A 13 to come in close opposition to said main a motor for said fan at least partially con- wick; and tained in said cylindrical casing, an oil basin disposed below said wick, an a side cover for said cylindrical casing posi- open end portion of said wick holder extend- tionpd downstream of said fan and deflecting ing over said oil basin. 70 air blown by said fan toward said tubular
5. 5. A heating system as recited in Claim 1, combustion chamber, and wherein said combustion part further com- a cover for said cyindrical casing and having prises: an air intake upstream of said fan and claws a burner cylinder having a plurality of air for being fixed to said cylindrical casing.

   holes perforated in a side surface thereof; 75 11. A heating system as recited in Claim a feeding pipe for supplying fuel; 1:

   a plate-like wick for evaporating and burning wherein said combustion part comprises a said fuel; tubular combustion chamber; and a wick holder connected to said feeding further comprising a blast fan part comprispipe and detachable from an interior of said 80 ing burner cylinder; and a cylindrical casing disposed on an axis off- means for fixing said wick to said wick hol- set in parallel with said tubular combustion der. chamber,
6. 6. A heating system as recited in Claim 5, a fan contained in said cylindrical casing, further comprising an elastic member holding 85 a motor for said fan, contained in said cylin- said wick holder inside said burner cylinder. drical casing, and having a downstream outer
7. 7. A heating system as recited in Claim 1: shell, wherein said combustion part comprises a a lead wire on a downstream end of said tubular horizontally oriented combustion cham- outer shell, ber for burning a fuel on its one end and 90 a side cover for said cylindrical casing posi- feeding a combustion gas to said heater ex- tioned downstream of said fan and deflecting changer; air blown by said fan toward said tubular wherein said heat exchange part includes a combustion chamber through a duct, said second shell covering said tube and fins hav- outer shell passing through said side cover, ing its upstream end fitted in said tubular 95 and combustion chamber, and having a discharge an elastic packing fitted between said side port in a lower side of said second shell, and cover and said outer shell for maintaining air a heat exchanger case covering said heat ex- tightness of said duct and for supporting said changer and having an exhaust port facing fan motor.

   said discharge port of said shell; and 100 12. a heating system as recited in Claim 1:

   wherein said tubular combustion chamber wherein said combustion part comprises a and said heat exchanger are disposed along a tubular combustion chamber; and common horizontal axis. further comprising a blast fan part compris-
8. 8. A heating system as recited in Claim 7, ing wherein said heat exchanger case is bot- 105 a cylindrical casing disposed on an axis off- tomed, and covers said second shell with a set in parallel with said tubular combustion gap therebetween and is fitted in said tubular chamber, combustion chamber. a fan contained in said cylindrical casing,
9. 9. A heating system as recited in Claim 1: a motor for said fan contained in said cylin- wherein said combustion part comprises a 110 drical casing, tubular horizontally oriented combustion cham- a cover for said cylindrical casing and hav- ber for burning a fuel on its one end and ing an air intake upstream of aid fan, and feeding a combustion gas to said heater ex- an elastic O-ring fitted in said cover and changer, said tubular combustion chamber and contactable with an inner surface of said cylin said heat exchanger being disposed along a 115 drical casing.

   common horizontal axis; and 13. A heating system as recited in Claim further comprising a blast part having a fan 1:

   disposed apart and in parallel with said com- wherein said combustion part comprises a mon axis and a duct connecting said fan and tubular combustion chamber and a substan said tubular combustion chamber. 120 tially cylindrical air chamber surrounding said
10. 10. A heating system as recited in Claim tubular combustion chamber for blowing air 1: thereto; and wherein said combustion part comprises a further comprising a blast fan part compris- tubular combustion chamber; and ing further comprising a blast fan part compris- 125 a fan casing disposed on an axis offset in ing parallel with said tubular combustion chamber, a cylindrical casing disposed on an axis off- a fan contained in said fan casing, set in parallel with said tubular combustion a motor for said fan, and chamber, a side cover for said fan casing and said a fan contained in said cylindrical casing, 130 cylindrical air chamber positioned downstream 14 GB2195757A 14 of said fan and deflecting air blown by said said bottomed burner cylinder; fan toward said cylindrical air chamber through an ignition heater projecting into said bot- a.duct formed between said side cover and tom portion of said burner cylinder from said said fan casing. side. plate; 14. A heating system as recited in Claim 70 a feeding pipe for supplying fuel and dis- 1, wherein said combustion part comprises, posed on said base plate; a burner cylinder having a side plate; a wick adjacent said ignition heater, fixed on a wick for feeding and vaporizing a fuel and said base plate and connected to said feeding installed on a tip of said burner cylinder; pipe; and 10. a wick holder for holding said wick and de- 75 combustion stabilizer having an upstream tachable from an axial bottom portion of said side being cylindrically formed and a down burner cylinder, whereby a leading flow side stream side being formed as a truncated circu space is formed by said wick holder, said bot- lar cone, said cylindrically formed side extend tom portion and said side plate; ing further downstream than the most down- a ring divider disposed in said leading flow 80 stream of said holes.

    side space in close contact with said burner 19. A heating system as recited in Claim cylinder at a position closely upstream of said 1:

    wick; and wherein said combustion part comprises a a plurality of holes formed in said burner cylindrical burner cylinder; cylinder upstream of said ring divider. 85 wherein said exchange part further corn- 15. A heating system as recited in Claim prises a heat exchanger case surrounding said 1, wherein said combustion part comprises: gas flow chamber; a burner cylinder having a plurality of holes wherein said gas flow chamber comprises a in a side plate; second shell having a cylindrical upstream end a wick for feeding and vaporizing a fuel and 90 couplable with said burner cylinder and having installed on a tip of said burner cylinder; opposing plane portions; a wick holder for holding said wick and de- wherein said fins are plate- like fins disposed tachable from an axial bottom portion of said in parallel between said plane portions; and burner cylinder, whereby a leading flow side wherein said tube comprises at least one U- space is formed by said wick holder, said bot95 shaped pipe passing through said fins, both a tom portion and said side plate; U-shaped portion of said pipe projecting be- a divider disposed in said leading flow side yond a side of said fins and inlet/outlet conspace in close contact on one circumferential nections for said U-shaped pipe being con side with said burner cylinder at a position tained in a space between said second shell closely upstream of said wick and being open 100 and said heat exchanger case.

    on an opposing circumferential side; and 20. A heating system as recited in Claim at least one hole formed in said burner cyl- 1:

    inder upstream of said divider. wherein said combustion part comprises a 16. A heating system as recited in Claim cylindrical burner cylinder; 1, further comprising a blast fan part disposed 105 wherein said exchange part further corn- upstream of said combustion part and wherein prises a heat exchanger case surrounding said said combustion part comprises: gas flow chamber and having a first exhaust a bottomed burner cylinder having a plurality port; of holes in a side plate thereof; wherein said gas flow chamber comprises a base plate closing a bottom portion of 110 a second shell enclosing said fins and hav- said bottomed burner cylinder; ing a cylindrical upstream end couplable with an ignition heater projecting into said bot- said burner cylinder, JI tom portion of said burner cylinder from said a cover closing a downstream end of said side plate;. second shell, a feeding pipe for supplying fuel and dis- 115 a second exhaust port formed in a lateral posed on said base plate; and surface of said second shell between said fins a wick adjacent said ignition heater, fixed on and said cover; and wherein said exchange said base plate and connected to said feeding part further comprises a duct formed adjacent pipe, a void being formed between said feed- said second shell having a first end facing said ing pipe and said wick. 120 first exhaust port and a second end facing 17. A heating system as recited in Claim said second exhaust port.

    16, wherein said void extends conically out- 21. A heating system as recited in Claim ward from an end of said feeding pipe. 1, 18. A heating system as recited in Claim wherein said combustion part comprises a 1, further comprising a blast fan part disposed 125 cylindrical burner cylinder; upstream of said combustion part and wherein wherein said gas flow chamber comprises a said combustion part comprises: second shell having a cylindrical upstream end a bottomed burner cylinder having a plurality couplable with said burner cylinder and having of holes in a side plate thereof; two opposing plane portions; and a base plate closing a bottom portion of 130 wherein said fins are plate- like fins disposed GB2195757A 15 in parallel between said plane portions, having said tube passing therethrough, and having a common length along said stream and having varying lateral widths in conformity to a sec- tion of said second shell.

    Published 1988 at The PatentOffice, State House, 66171 High Holborn, London WC I R 4TP. Further copies may be obtained from The Patent Office, Sales Branch, St Mary Cray, Orpington, Kent BR5 3RD.

    Printed by Burgess & Son (Abingdon) Ltd. Con. 1/87.