DE3410484A1 - Floor element - Google Patents

Abstract

The contents form a patent of addition to P 3318431.3 in order to utilise a space-spanning floor element which can be prefabricated for application as permanent shuttering for solid concrete floors. A planar particle board (3) serves as permanent shuttering. The arrangement of spacer anchors (5), which are anchored in the milled relief (9) of the particle board by means of an anchoring part (15, 16) and which receive the surface reinforcement of the solid concrete floor in the form of steel fabric mats (6), or receive the transverse bars in the case of single-bar reinforcement, and in which lattice girders (2) rest by means of their lower chords (7) and are held in a frictionally locking manner by mechanical locking, results in a large-surface-area floor element of high mounting stability, the support spacings of which are similar to those in the case of partially prefabricated concrete floor elements. Fundamental advantages are: 1. Space-spanning, large-format floor element which can be prefabricated and is intended for solid concrete floors with complete lower reinforcement. 2. Low weight permits manual mounting. 3. Recesses can be easily cut out on the building site. 4. Corrosion-resistant anchoring of the permanent shuttering on the concrete floor. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to new features

to the generic term ceiling element of the patent application P 33 18 431.3 from May 20, 1983 for use as an area reinforced concrete solid floor and forms a Additional patent The invention shown in patent application P 33 18 431.3 shows the construction for a prefabricated, room-spanning ceiling element, which is preferably is designed as a concrete beam ceiling with thermal insulation bodies and the reinforcement of the Beam cross-sections is already introduced at the factory.

The present invention, according to the preamble of claim 1, has to the task, the construction according to P 33 18 431.3 by new features also as area-reinforced Element to be used for solid ceilings, preferably locally concreted, and for existing ones Eliminate the disadvantages of existing solid ceiling systems.

When developing existing ceiling systems for manufacturing Different goals have been pursued for solid concrete ceilings: a) Through prefabrication of ceiling elements, the large amount of formwork required on the construction site should be eliminated0 b) By introducing static reinforcement at the factory, the on-site Effort for the production of the ceiling can be reduced.

c) Due to the rigidity of the prefabricated ceiling elements, shouldE the assembly support can be reduced so that the support distances, depending after loading, for example, can be 1.50 m to 2.00 m.

d) By producing an exposed concrete soffit at the factory the plastering of the ceiling becomes superfluous.

Prefabricated ceiling elements of this type are among others.

known as prefabricated slabs.

They usually consist of approx. 4 cm thick, prefabricated ceiling elements, which are stiffened by cast steel lattice girders and which are in place and Site to be concreted with in-situ concrete up to the required slab thickness.

On the basis of the patent application P 33 18 413o3 exists for the construction the following task for a solid ceiling application: 1. Fixation of the concrete steel mat or the supporting and transverse bars, as individual bars, when brought in at the factory the chipboard.

2. Arrangement of the lattice girders used for stiffening, u b The statically required area reinforcement of the solid ceiling.

3. Distance anchor, preferably corrosion-resistant plastic, with mechanical Lock for the positive transfer from the lattice girder to the chipboard.

In the ceiling element according to the invention, a room-spanning, prefabricated element so far completed. that at the construction site, after laying, only The upper reinforcement still has to be applied and then the ceiling is concreted can.

As with the ceiling element according to P 33 18 431.3, there is an essential one Point in it, the relatively thin chipboard, which later forms the ceiling soffit and also serves as formwork, with lattice girders that are also used as reinforcement be stiffened so that the support of the ceiling element so formed does not exceed the usual cost of installation support for precast ceilings and above all a loosening of the chipboard when concreting or later Time of the hardened solid concrete slab cannot take place.

This task we according to the invention as specified in the main claim is solved in the following way: In the ceiling element according to the invention, is a space-spanning, prefabricated element completed so far that on the Construction site, after laying only the upper reinforcement has to be applied and then it can already be concreted.

As known from P 33 18 431.3, a chipboard is used, which later forms the underside of the ceiling and thus serves as permanent formwork. the The relatively thin chipboard is also stiffened by a non-positive connection Reached from chipboard via spacer anchors to lattice girders.

The lattice girders run, preferably lying parallel, in The span direction of the ceiling and its two lower chord bars are fixed with the spacer anchors ver locks. The structure above the clamping plate looks in detail as follows made of: The chipboard, for example in standard widths of 2.50 m and narrower Fitting plate widths, has milled millings on its upper side for anchoring the spacer anchors, as known from P 33 18 431.3.

In these millings, which are located in the lattice girder axes, the spacer anchor according to the invention, by introducing an anchoring part of the spacer anchor in the chipboard, anchored so that they are perpendicular to the Longitudinal axes of the lattice girders sit on the chipboard.

The area reinforcement (lower reinforcement) for the later solid concrete ceiling lies with the required distance (so-called concrete cover) above the chipboard.

For this purpose, the spacer anchors have receiving parts in order to or core bars of the usual area reinforcement, made of welded steel mesh or made of cut reinforcing steel as individual bars, to be picked up and fixed, so that the position of the reinforcement when transporting the elements to the construction site and not changed during concreting.

Above the reinforcement, welded wire mesh or the outer bars (transverse reinforcement) In the case of single bar reinforcement, the locking is carried out for stiffening and static Purpose-serving, lattice girders with the spacer anchors. They prefer to take made of plastic spacer anchors along the lattice girder axis, for example The two lower chords of the lattice girders are arranged at a distance of 40 cm by press fit of their round rods and create a force-fit connection.

So form the chipboard, the spacer anchors and the lattice girders together a stiffened surface element that takes the considerable loads, especially when concreting, despite the low weight of the element.

The spacer anchors have the following function: 1. You take the two Lower chord bars and align them. For this purpose, the spacer anchor has one of the two Indentation encompassing round bars in the upper spacer anchor area, between which the lattice girder chords are clamped in by pressing them together beforehand.

This creates a force-fit connection without welding in the case of tensile and compressive loads perpendicular to the chipboard.

2. When using welded steel mesh, the Spacer anchors, lying in the axes of the bearing rods, i.e. lying in the ceiling span direction, the spacing of the entire mesh reinforcement. The spacer anchor has for this purpose in the center a notch that forms the support surface for the longitudinal reinforcement bar.

3. When using rebar reinforcement in the form of individual bars, the spacer anchor takes the transverse bars (static Transverse reinforcement).

For this purpose, it has a hook-shaped web that simultaneously Stiffening member of the spacer foot is.

The individual rods that are inserted in this way and run transversely to the slab tensioning direction, are kept at a distance on the spacer anchor in every row of lattice girders, and form for the individual load-bearing bars of the longitudinal reinforcement, the support and thus the desired one Distance to the lower edge of the later concrete ceiling.

4. The spacer anchor transfers the load from the chipboard in the lattice girder, and vice versa.

For this purpose, the spacer anchor has below the one on the chipboard Feet, an anchoring part in the form of a centrally located extension with a plate-shaped extension and engages with this anchoring part in the, already in P 33 18 431.3 shown and described, arcuate milling in the chipboard.

5. Locking of the reinforcing bars or rods resting on the spacer anchor. Reinforcing wire mesh, also locked in the spacer anchor through the overlying one Lattice girder.

To absorb the high loads, the spacer anchor is designed in such a way that that it is in the load axes from the axis diameter of the lattice girder lower chords to the confluence in the anchoring part has profile reinforcements on both sides, which are collar-shaped to continue the round rod to be locked and and at least semicircular enclose.

By using corrosion-resistant materials, preferably glass fiber reinforced Plastics, compared to steel materials, are a safe, corrosion-free anchorage of the anchoring part of the spacer anchor in the chipboard and damage Avoided by condensation and rust formation in the ceiling soffit.

As set out in P 33 18 431.3, a ceiling element of this type as a mass product, almost fully automatically produced without going through Waiting times, for example due to concrete hardening times, as known for element ceilings, Disadvantages result.

The element produced in this way is light, can be easily cut afterwards, and brings the entire lower reinforcement with it from the factory.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings, in which a Ausführungsbei play the ceiling element, according to the invention, shown is. It shows: FIG. 1 ceiling section, transverse to the span direction of the ceiling, with welded wire mesh reinforcement.

FIG. 2 ceiling section, transverse to the span direction, with single bar reinforcement FIG. 3 Section, transverse to the lattice girder, with a view of the spacer anchor FIG. 4 cut in Lattice girder length direction at the spacer anchor.

FIG. 5 Cross-section I-I through the anchoring part of the spacer anchor.

The one shown in FIG. 1 shown ceiling section shows the prefabricated ceiling element with the concrete (1), which is preferably to be introduced locally. The cut leads at right angles to the ceiling span and thus intersects the ones running in the ceiling span Lattice girder (2).

The structure of the ceiling from bottom to top looks like this: As in P 33 18 431.3, a chipboard (3) forms the lower end of the ceiling. At the same time, it forms the ceiling soffit (4) so that plastering is not required later can be.

Spacer anchors (5) are then arranged in the axes of the lattice girders (2). They form for the lower reinforcement in the form of welded steel mesh (6) the spacers so that the required concrete cover must be adhered to exactly.

Above that are the lattice girders (2) with their two lower chord bars (7), by temporarily pressing the lower lattice girder together on the spacer anchor (5) locked.

The spacer anchor itself has an anchoring part (15, 16), the spacer anchor by inserting it into the milled recess (9) provided for this purpose the top of the chipboard (3) is firmly anchored.

The design and function of the spacer anchor (5) is shown in FIG. 2 - 5 explained in more detail.

Before concreting the in-situ concrete (1), if statically necessary, the upper reinforcement (10) applied. The lattice girder upper belt (11) is used for this purpose. as a spacer.

FIG. 2 shows approximately the same ceiling section, but exists the static reinforcement in this case consists of individual bars the lattice girder (2) on the spacer anchors (5), the reinforcing steel bars (12) First introduced as top reinforcement. After inserting the lattice girders (2) are this secured against falling out.

The cross bars introduced in this way form the spacer for the Support rods (13), which are usually in the direction of the lattice girders (2), that is, in the ceiling tensioning direction run and fixed on the Ouerstäben (12) by tying or other measures are.

Are the spacer anchors (5) on the lattice girder axis (14) in larger ones Distances, as statically required, can be additional cross bars (15) over the Lattice girder lower chords (7) and the supporting rods (13) transversely to the tensioning direction of the Ceiling can be arranged.

This situation also occurs at every longitudinal joint of the prefabricated ceiling elements one where the transverse reinforcement is interrupted.

3 shows the front view of the spacer anchor on a larger scale (5), with its anchoring part (15, 16). Here is the chipboard (3), as well the pus-bearer upper and lower chords cut. To show the spacer anchor construction also serves FIG. 4 and FIG. 5.

The spacer anchor preferably consists of a plastic injection-molded part Made of fiberglass-reinforced plastic, but can also be made of cast aluminum or other Substances exist. It is one-piece, but consists of two functional parts, the part above the chipboard and the anchoring part (15, 16) that is below the chipboard surface lies.

Part above the chipboard: This part is the same as can be seen in the side view to a flat element of, for example, 4 mm thickness, in the area of the main load zones, on both sides of this flat element by means of reinforcing ribs, which are rectangular in section and located on these surfaces exists0 The stiffening ribs on both sides run for direct load transfer (17) in each case from the rod axis of the lower chords (7) in a straight line to the upper part of the anchoring part (15) and ends there in a plate-shaped reinforcement (18), the one with its lower edge, with a vertical spacer anchor, level on the chipboard (3) rests, the plate-shaped reinforcement is so wide that it is on both sides the arcuate milled recess (9) protrudes (19).

The spacer anchor, in FIG. 3 seen in the view is on both sides of the axis A constructed symmetrically.

Both stiffening ribs (1?) Sit up through a semicircular one Clasp the lattice girder lower chords (7) so that they can be pressed in in the indentation (33) get a tight, frictional fit.

The stiffening ribs (20) form with the encompassing, flat Element (21) has a T-shaped profile.

Between the two reinforcement ribs (17) is located horizontally a stiffening rib (22), also on both sides. It forms the edition for that Carrying rods (23) and welded wire mesh (6). The recess for the The support rod support up to the stiffening rib (22) is laterally limited by webs (24), on the upper edge (25) of the lattice girder lower chords (7) before locking in the encompassing reinforcing ribs (20) rest. The web (24) is higher than the reinforcing steel mat (6) with its support rod (23) and its Ouerstab is thick.

The two feet (26) of the spacer anchor are perpendicular with their axis under the axis B of the lattice girder lower chords (7) and end at the bottom on the chipboard (3) and above under the surrounding rib (20) runs between the two points in the center of the axis, a stiffening rib (27) on both sides, so that a cross-shaped foot arises. These stiffening ribs widen to accommodate reinforcement cross bars (12) and have notches (28) at the top, which are used to accommodate transverse rods (12). This training can take place on one side or on the other side of the spacer anchor.

The outer edge of the in the view FIG. 3 distance anchors to be seen, runs from above from the circular enclosure (21) in a straight line to the lower edge the plate-shaped reinforcement (18).

Anchoring part (15, 16): As known from P 33 18 431.3, for the anchoring part has an arcuate milled recess (9) guided with radius R, which begins on the chipboard top (30) and ends in the chipboard and at right angles To the surface with an approximately T-shaped cross section, made. To one press fit in this milled groove, owns the anchoring part upper shaft part (15), the above at right angles to plate-shaped Reinforcement (18) ends, and a plate-like extension (16) downwards, both fill the T-shaped cross-section press from, so that a force-fit push-pull connection arises FIG. 4 shows the spacer anchor in a side view.

The shaft part (15) of the anchoring part points in the insertion direction of the spacer anchor on a semicircular cross-section (31), which extends up to the axis C is enough (FIG. 5), then the shaft remains the same width and ends in the Side view (FIG. 4) widening from top to bottom, on the plate-like widening (16). This widening itself is shown in FIG0 5 as a top view. she owns on the introductory side a semicircular shape with a radius on the crossing point of axes A and C and then runs parallel to the rear, where the end edge (32), opposite the semicircular introduction, parallel to the C axis.

In FIG. 4 is the cross-sectional shape of the plate-like extension (16) to be explained, The semicircular front part on the introductory side, here to the left of axis C is flat on the top, and conforms to the bottom with a spherical surface shape with radius R exactly to the cross section of the Milling (9). The upper edge of the rear part, here on the right of axis C bis to the rear edge (32) is circular in section (FIG 4) with a radius R, and so also fits exactly into the milled recess (9). The lower edge of the extension part (16) between axis C and edge 32 forms the surface of a sphere with a radius R, and corresponds and thus also corresponds exactly to the milling.

Modifications of the embodiment described so far are of course possible, so the system could also be inclined instead of horizontally or even be used vertically, and / or an exchange of the lattice girders with other steel profiles can be made.

The ceiling element according to the invention combines the following advantages and is therefore different from other types of solid slabs, especially solid concrete slabs prefabricated concrete ceiling elements with in-situ concrete.

1. Prefabricated, room-spanning large-area ceiling element for B. solid concrete ceilings with a low weight that can be assembled by hand without a crane enables.

2. Ceiling element as before, all of its lower reinforcement in shape of welded wire mesh or single rods, has to be brought in at the factory.

3. No peeling at the construction site due to the ceiling element as lost Formwork.

4. Easy to produce cut-outs on site.

5. Construction enables a high degree of automation in production.

Claims (5)

! \ I 5 P R 1 P H E 1st ceiling element, preferably a reinforced concrete solid ceiling, consisting of prefabricated, room-spanning elements supported by lattice girders Reinforced chipboard is formed with spacer anchors along the lattice girder axes running, forming the power transmission from the chipboard to the lattice girder, and locally poured concrete, thereby noting that the spacer anchor (5) for the preferably two lattice girder lower chord bars (7) semicircular indentations (33) has, in the after placement on the webs 24, at the same time, temporary Compression of the lower lattice girder area, the lower chord bars (7), of the Axis A moving outwards, are pressed in, and that both sides of the thin spacer anchor (5) at right angles to it, preferably rectangular Reinforcing ribs (17) are located straight in the load axis from the center of the bar the lower chords (7) to a plate-shaped reinforcement (1B), which is the central support on the chipboard (3) forms, lead and that the reinforcing ribs (20) are semicircular surround the edge of the indentations (33). 2. Ceiling element according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the spacer anchor (5) extends horizontally between the two V-shaped Stiffening ribs (17) has a core rib (22), which is used as a stock and spacer for supporting rods (23) inserted therein, a reinforcing steel mat (6), and above the there are webs (24) on both sides, which are slightly higher, than the total strength of the reinforcing steel mat (6) and the so, after the measure of the lattice girder locking, prevents the reinforcement mesh from falling out. 3. Ceiling element according to claim 1, characterized in 9 e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the spacer anchor (5) has an anchoring part (15, 16) that at right angles lies under the plate-shaped reinforcement (18) and with its shaft part (15) and a plate-like widening (16) in the arcuate milled recess (9) the chipboard (3), approximately the same cross-section, can be guided, and its shaft part (15) in cross section (Fig. 5) on the insertion side semicircular (31) is rounded. 4. Ceiling element according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the spacer anchor (5) has an anchoring part (15, 16) that a right angle on a shaft (15) sitting partly plate-like widening (16), the Underside (34) a spherical surface with radius R guided from point M, forms and at the top (35) of the plate-like widening (16), in the area the semicircular surface on the lead-in side, flat and between axis C and the edge 32 arched with radius R from point M is formed. 5. Ceiling element according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the spacer anchor (5) preferably has two feet (26) in the vertical Axes (8), under the Untergurtstäben (7), are arranged and the over, in this Axis running cross-shaped stiffening ribs (27) have at least one side of the distance anchor, starting at the base Expand upwards and with a notch (28) for inserting reinforcing steel cross bars (12) are provided.