EP0826848B1 - Device for the concentrated introduction of forces into concrete - Google Patents

Abstract

The anchor fitting is designed to transfer a concentrated load to a block of concrete. It has two reinforcing members (1) made of metal rods and joined at their ends to the edges of a metal strap (2). This strap has a number of large holes (4) through it, into which the liquid concrete may flow in order to provide firm keying with interlocking of the metal and concrete components and division of the transferred forces between several contact points. In an alternative arrangement there are a number of cutouts along the edge of the metal strap. These cutouts may form teeth along the edge of the strip which interlock with the concrete when it sets.

Description

The invention relates to components with anchoring devices by open Niches with the concrete is toothed, whereby Zug- or Compressive forces and, if necessary, lateral forces are concentrated in steel and prestressed concrete structures can be initiated. The elements can be used for this purpose with conventional reinforcements or the most diverse special elements be connected or can also be part of a rigid special construction be, since they - in contrast to rod-shaped elements with circular Cross-section - also good for transfer due to its rectangular cross-sectional shape of bending moments and shear forces are suitable.

The most common type of training of tensile or compressive anchorages in steel and Prestressed concrete structures consists in the arrangement of the so-called anchoring lengths for reinforcing bars that train according to DIN 1045 or ENV DIN 1992-1 are. These anchoring lengths have the disadvantage that for the initiation Forces of relatively long lengths are required. This disadvantage turns out particularly noticeable when the power transmission associated with a Fugue in the building is required.

In the event that the length required for conventional anchoring is not is available or should be shortened for any reason, So far anchor bolts are occasionally placed in practice as a special solution, which are welded at the rod end at right angles to the rod axis. The applicability This special solution is u. a. severely limited by that arranged at the usually only a few inches from the concrete surface Reinforcing bars do not provide sufficient space for anchor plates stands.

Before this obstacle in the literature already different constructions which are based on a similar basic idea as the present invention. For example, with the documents FR 1 509 977 A and DE 825 002 C proposed solutions in which the usual Rod-like reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures through thin, perforated sheets should be replaced. About the openings of the composite is made with the concrete become. However, the very small plate thickness allows only very small Composite forces, so that with these constructions no concentrated load introduction is possible; they also can not be used for force transfer on bending become.

Another, likewise remotely related application example can be found in Document FR 1 164 683 A. Here are thin, perforated metal strips as a continuous Reinforcement proposed for a tile construction. Also for this form applies that it can absorb only tensile forces and no real Leibungsflächen identifies that would allow a concentrated load transfer; she is likewise unable to transmit lateral forces in connection with bending moments.

For the present invention, however, there is the much broader task in that they form anchoring elements so that they have a short length development very concentrated forces can take over from the concrete and at the same time forward these absorbed forces and at the same time the resulting ones Bending moments can absorb.

This object is achieved by the claim 1. After that are made of steel or other suitable materials existing anchor elements, can have any cross-sectional and planforms and by any shaped recesses and / or corresponding continuous Recesses in the interior and / or edges of the anchoring force over - i. d. R. several - small surfaces with pressure contact transferred into the concrete. This allows larger ones compared to the conventional anchor plates Concrete stresses are exploited. Lift the anchor elements of the invention especially compared to the described, known solutions show that they have a plate-shaped cross-section, which only sufficient Large soffit surfaces for concentrated load transfer and at the same time rigid Cross sections are created.

The anchoring effect of the construction according to the invention can be significantly enhanced be formed by the edges of the recesses with Aufkantungen become. This creates additional contact surfaces compared to planar anchor elements for transferring compressive forces into the concrete.

If the anchor element is combined with a reinforcing bar, it can vary depending on the selected Assignment between rebar and anchor element during power transmission From the rod to anchor an offset moment arise. Due to the bending stiffness of the armature, it is possible for this offset moment by a couple of forces, the introduces the anchor element into the concrete, keeping it in balance.

The anchor elements according to the invention can except with reinforcing bars also be combined with all conceivable surface or rod-shaped construction parts. In rigid constructions can be in addition to normal forces and shear forces over the recesses and / or recesses as support forces in the concrete be directed.

Thus, the device according to the invention is an anchor element, which is the introduction of force From tensile or compressive bars in the concrete with comparatively allows very short lengths and thus constructive for many applications and offers economic benefits. Essential is the possible utilization comparatively high concrete compressive stresses. The anchor elements are in usually equally well suited for the introduction of tensile or compressive forces. By the Full-surface embedding of the elements in the concrete can occur under compressive stress no stability problems arise.

Furthermore, with the help of the device according to the invention completely novel, rigid support structures are developed for steel and prestressed concrete construction, with which forces can be transmitted much cheaper than with the previously known solutions.

Figur 1

eine Draufsicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, bei der zwei Bewehrungsstäbe an einen gemeinsamen Lochplattenanker angeschlossen sind,

Figur 2

einen axial geführten Längsschnitt der Vorrichtung gemäß Figur 1,

Figur 3

einen Querschnitt der Vorrichtung gemäß Figur 1,

Figuren 4 - 7

verschiedene mögliche Querschnitte der Ankerelemente,

Figur 8

ein Längsschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung, bei der die Aussparungsränder mit Aufkantungen ausgebildet sind,

Figur 9

eine Draufsicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, bei der ein einzelner Bewehrungsstab an einem Ankerelement angeschlossen ist,

Figur 10

einen axial geführten Längsschnitt der Vorrichtung gemäß Figur 8,

Figur 11

einen Querschnitt der Vorrichtung gemäß Figur 8,

Figuren 12 - 14

weitere Formvarianten der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,

Figur 15

ein Schnittbild der Formvariante gemäß Figur 13,

Figur 16

die Seitenansicht eines biegesteifen Tragelements, das mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Verankerungsvorrichtung kombiniert ist,

Figur 17

die Seitenansicht eines Tragelements zur Übertragung von Biegemomenten und Querkräften über eine wärmegedämmte Fuge, bei dem die Biegezugkräfte mit erfindungsgemäßen Verankerungsvorrichtungen im Beton verankert werden,

Figur 18

die Seitenansicht eines biegesteifen Tragelements, das mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Verankerungsvorrichtung Auflagerkräfte aufnimmt und weiterleitet,

Figuren 19, 20

eine Seitenansicht sowie eine Rückansicht der erfindungsgemässen Verankerungsvorrichtung zur Verankerung von Stahlplatten mit angreifenden Lasten in den Beton und

Figuren 21, 22

die erfindungsgemäße Verankerungsvorrichtung zur Herstellung einer Verbundkonstruktion aus einer Stahlbetonplatte und einem Stahlträger in einer Seitenansicht sowie im Querschnitt.

Hereinafter, some possible embodiments and application examples of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. Hereby show:

FIG. 1

a top view of a device according to the invention, in which two reinforcing bars are connected to a common perforated plate anchors,

FIG. 2

an axially guided longitudinal section of the device according to Figure 1,

FIG. 3

a cross section of the device according to Figure 1,

FIGS. 4 to 7

various possible cross sections of the anchor elements,

FIG. 8

a longitudinal section through a device according to the invention, in which the recess edges are formed with Aufkantungen,

FIG. 9

a top view of a device according to the invention, in which a single reinforcing bar is connected to an anchor element,

FIG. 10

an axially guided longitudinal section of the device according to Figure 8,

FIG. 11

a cross section of the device according to Figure 8,

FIGS. 12-14

further form variants of the device according to the invention,

FIG. 15

a sectional view of the shape variant according to Figure 13,

FIG. 16

the side view of a rigid support member, which is combined with an anchoring device according to the invention,

FIG. 17

the side view of a support element for transmitting bending moments and shear forces on a heat-insulated joint, in which the bending tensile forces are anchored in the concrete with anchoring devices according to the invention,

FIG. 18

the side view of a rigid support member which receives and transfers bearing forces with an anchoring device according to the invention,

FIGS. 19, 20

a side view and a rear view of the inventive anchoring device for anchoring steel plates with attacking loads in the concrete and

FIGS. 21, 22

the anchoring device according to the invention for producing a composite construction of a reinforced concrete slab and a steel beam in a side view and in cross section.

Figures 1 to 3 show a solution in which two reinforcing bars 1 with a common perforated plate anchors 2 are welded. The anchor element takes over the tensile or compressive force of the two rods and passes them essentially over the Face 3 or 3 a and the Lochleibungsflächen the in this example circular recesses 4 each as compressive force in the concrete.

In the cross-sectional drawings of FIGS. 4 to 7, FIG. 4 shows an anchor element with internal, continuous recess 5, the figure 5 with such inside, one-sided recess 6, the figure 6 another with internal, two-sided recesses 7 and Figure 7 an anchor element with the margins arranged recesses 8.

FIG. 8 shows a longitudinal section of an anchoring device according to the invention, in which the edges of the recesses 9 are provided with upstands 10 are. These shapes can be made by casting or pressing or by in the recesses annular, small pipe sections welded become. Opposite anchoring elements with even surfaces This creates more pressure contact surfaces to the concrete, causing the anchoring effect the elements is significantly increased.

Figures 9 to 11 show a variant in which a reinforcing rod 11 on one side is welded to an anchor element 12. The anchor element transmits the train or Compressive force substantially over the end face 13 and 13 a and above all over the Lochleibungsflächen the in this example semicircular recesses 14 at the edges in the concrete.

Figures 12 and 13 show with the plan view of a further variant that it for the planform or the cross section of the device according to the invention a great variety of design options. Thus, the anchor element 15 for example, a trapezoidal plan as well as recesses 16 and 17 in the interior and on the edges. In particular, at the edges also offer triangular Recesses on. FIG. 12 shows the arrangement for a tie-down anchor, Figure 13, however, the arrangement for a pressure anchorage.

FIG. 14 shows a variant in which first the basic forms of FIGS. 1 and 9 were combined so that recesses 18 and 19 in the interior and at the edges available. In addition, the between the rounded, edge-side Recesses 19 remaining plate parts 20 opposite to the edge recesses arranged fillets on. This approximately sinusoidal shape first has the advantage that both in the anchoring element as well as in the concrete Notch effects are avoided. This will increase the carrying capacity of the anchor elements not only for static load, but also for dynamic influences increased.

Another essential advantage of the shaping according to FIG. 14 is that shown in FIG 15 shown sectional view: It can be chosen so low, that when cutting the anchor elements only for the inner recesses 18 Material waste is created.

FIG. 16 shows one of numerous possible application examples rigid carrier 21 with z. B. rectangular cross section, the loads of the left Concrete member 22 via the expansion joint 23 to the right concrete part 24 transmitted got to. In order not to disturb the function of the expansion joint, it is within the left Concrete part mounted longitudinally displaceable in a sleeve 25. As a result of the power transmission the carrier receives a bending stress, each by a vertical Force pair is kept in balance. Due to the rectangular cross-sectional shape can transmit significantly larger forces at the same cost of materials be considered with a circular cross-section. Immediately to the right of the fugue arise downwardly directed support forces, at the right end of the carrier are the Forces directed upwards. In both places, the forces except the Surfaces additionally with the help of the rectangular recesses in this example 26 led into the concrete. The support length can thereby in the concreted part opposite a full-surface rod with the same carrying capacity chosen significantly shorter become.

The illustrated carrier 21 may consist of a single element, of pairs or Also consist of several elements arranged one behind the other. If this with Intermediate gaps can be arranged, the power transmission surfaces between the girders and the concrete with comparatively high compressive stresses be charged.

In similar constructions as the carrier 21 can simultaneously to the transverse also longitudinal anchoring forces occur. In this case will be from the recesses and / or recesses the resulting Force components led obliquely to the support axis in the concrete.

Figure 17 shows a supporting structure, which the loads and for the balance necessary Kragmoment a left illustrated reinforced concrete collar plate 27 on the thermally insulated joint 28 into the subsequent reinforced concrete structure 29 passes. Be the bending tensile forces arising at the top of the reinforced concrete cantilever taken up with an anchor element 30 according to the invention from the concrete and with Steel bars 31 passed over the Dämmfuge 28. The anchoring device can - As shown here - horizontally lying, or arranged vertically standing become. In the subsequent reinforced concrete structure, the tensile forces turn anchored in the concrete with an anchor element 30 according to the invention. In connection at the joint area the concrete is conventionally provided with reinforcement 32, with which the anchor element 30 may be welded. The rods 31 can connected via diagonal bars with a designated as a whole with 45 device be, which are arranged more deeply and for the reception and transmission of the occurring Bending pressure forces and shear forces is set up.

With the help of the anchor element 30 according to the invention can thus extremely short joint carrier be developed without welded joints or other precisely fitting Connections with the reinforced concrete reinforcement will be required. It revealed significant advantages compared to previously known systems for the production, Logistics and the installation of such support elements.

In the figure 18, a device according to the invention is shown, the loads the reinforced concrete element 34 receives and a bearing plate 35 on a support structure 36 delivers. The resulting offset torque is determined by a horizontal Paired forces, with which the angular, d. H. two-legged support 33 against the structure 34. As well as that Support member 21 may also be the support member 33 of a single element, from consist of pairs or even several consecutively arranged elements. The serially arranged individual elements can with an intermediate element 37 so be connected to each other, that this intermediate element as a transport anchor can be used. This eliminates the case in which the reinforced concrete element 34 is prefabricated, additional lifting anchor.

The support element 33 according to the invention can u. a. be varied in the way that the load-receiving part of the construction shown perpendicularly in Figure 18 also can be arranged inclined. This can u. U. a more favorable state of tension be achieved in the concrete.

The support element 33 according to the invention can - if adapted accordingly Shaping - for the storage of various reinforced concrete components such as Plates, stairs, beams, discs u. Ä. Be used. Thereby can especially in the production of such parts in precast construction economical Storage and installation conditions can be achieved. If necessary - z. B. in the Storage of stairs or stair landing on the subsequent components - can the support structure according to the invention combined with sound-absorbing bearings become.

In Figures 19 and 20 is a steel anchor plate 38 in the side and in the Rear view shown. Such anchor plates are used to z. B. steel structures how to attach suspended canopies to reinforced concrete structures. In the present case, the loads on the anchoring elements according to the invention 39 led into the concrete. Again, due to the large contact surfaces a particularly favorable transfer of the tensile and compressive forces occurring guaranteed. In addition, the vertical load components can be considered as lateral forces favorably received both by the pressure and the Zuganankerung and to get redirected.

Figures 21 and 22 show in a side view and in cross section, as the Anchoring devices according to the invention as a particularly advantageous composite can be used for the production of steel composite structures. In order to achieve a good composite performance, it is necessary that the concrete structure 40 relative to the steel beam 41 in the common contact joint 42 can not move. For this purpose must over the contact joint by suitable Composite means horizontal, in Figure 21 extending in the image plane shear forces be transmitted as possible slip. The anchor elements according to the invention 43 offer ideal conditions for this: they can use these forces over their large contact surfaces to the concrete absorb well and because of their great flexural rigidity actually slip without slip to the steel girder, where they use these forces z. B. via welds.

A device similar to the task has already been included in the document EP 0 215 148 A. There is proposed profile bars, which also are provided with openings, continuously aufzuschweiissen on steel girders and intervene in a subsequent concrete slab to a common to produce acting composite structure. This solution gives way in several Points decisively of the application example shown in Figures 21 and 22 of the present invention:

The composite element of EP 0 215 148 A is rod-shaped and we continuously with welded to a steel girder. Due to the rod shape, on the one hand, the per unit length strong forces are limited; on the other hand, the composite element as a result of the continuous welding connection is not bent be claimed. As a result, the composite forces can not arbitrarily far, but only be led into the edge area of the concrete slab. In addition, are the continuous welds comparatively costly.

In different variants of the support elements according to the invention, it may make sense be already factory-fitted with fastening aids (eg as an injection-molded part Plastic), so that they easily and with the least effort on the concrete formwork can be attached. An example of such a fastening aid 44 shown in FIG.

Claims (10)

1. A device for concentrated induction of forces in concrete with a fixture for securing in interlockable manner in the concrete that contains at least one recessed area (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 26) that is open on at least one side where concrete can penetrate and in the anterior area with respect to the direction of forces has an intrados surface running at least partially perpendicular to the direction of forces, characterized in that the device is realised in the dimensions of a panel with a flexurally stiff cross-section.
2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the securing fixture has at least one panel-shaped securing element (2, 12, 15, 20, 30, 39, 43) attached to a construction member (1, 11, 31, 38, 41) that may be subjected to the inducted loads and preferably spans an open joint (28), and having at least one recessed area that can be filled with concrete.
3. A device according to either of the previous claims, characterized by a recessed area (26) that can be filled with concrete and is conformed with a construction member (21, 23) that is capable of tolerating the inducted loads and preferably spans an open joint (23).
4. A device according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that at least one recessed area that can be filled with concrete takes the form of a through hole (5, 9, 16, 18) or a blind hole (6, 7, 26) or a rim pattern (8, 14, 17, 19).
5. A device according to claim 4, characterized in that rim pattern (19) has an approximately sinusoidal wave shape.
6. A device according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that an edging (10) preferably in the form of an inset or shaped socket is provided in the area of at least one recessed area (9) that can be filled with concrete.
7. A device according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that at least one construction element furnished with shaped recessed areas that can be filled with concrete is configured as a bearing member (33) having two legs, of which the leg which separated from the leg that contains the recessed areas and is secured to a construction member (34), can be supported by a bearing surface, preferably a bearing plate (35) of the respectively adjacent construction (36).
8. A device according to claim 7, characterized in that the bearing member (33) can be positioned prefereably on the concrete formwork with the aid of an accessory (44) produced preferably by injection molding of plastic.
9. A device according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that at least one panel-shaped bearing member (21) spanning an open joint (23) between two concrete elements (22, 24) is provided that is secured in the one concrete member (24) by means of shaped recessed areas (26) and is attached movably in a socket (25) provided in the other construction member (22).
10. A device according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that at least one construction element furnished with shaped recess areas that can be filled with concrete is realized as a composite element (39, 43), that is positioned at the side of the steel member (38, 41) that is facing the contact surface between steel member (38, 41) and concrete (42).

Images