EP1992755A2 - Support element, support arrangement with webs and method for its production - Google Patents

Abstract

Support element (2) comprises a pressure belt (8), a bar (4) and a traction belt (6) forming an I- or double-T profile. The traction belt is made from a concrete material and the bar is made from a wooden material. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) Bar support arrangement; and (2) Production of a support element. Preferred Features: The bar has a rectangular cross-section and is connected on its narrow side to the pressure belt and to the traction belt. The bar has a coupling region on its narrow side which protrudes into the pressure belt.

Description

The present invention relates to a carrier element in HBV (wood-concrete composite) construction with a pressure belt, a web and a tension belt, which together form an I or double T-profile.

The very different materials wood and concrete to combine within a composite component, has long been known in construction practice. Wood has many advantages as a lightweight construction material with low thermal conductivity and in relation to its own weight of good load-bearing capacity. However, a disadvantage is a relatively poor body and airborne sound insulation. For wooden ceiling constructions, therefore, additional fillings, screed slabs or insulating materials are provided to improve the insulation. These statically unfavorable additional masses require a correspondingly increased dimensioning of the load-bearing timber components, especially in cantilevered ceiling constructions. For this reason, wood beams made of solid wood serving as beams must be comparatively thick (and thus expensive), or additional supports are required which reduce the free ceiling spans.

Increased strength and low weight are offered by so-called wooden composite beams (eg AGEPAN construction system, FRAMEWORKS ^™ building system), in which a solid wood tension and compression belt are connected to one another via a wooden material web. Such wooden composite bridge girders However, they are relatively high and must be supported laterally against buckling.

The term "wood material" below comprises different materials in which components with largely homogeneous properties can be produced by pressing differently sized pieces of wood such as boards, rods, veneers, veneer strips, chips and fibers with adhesives or other suitable binders. Firmness-reducing wood defects, such as branches, cracks and twisting, which are unavoidable in natural-grown wood, have no or only minor importance in wood-based materials. The term "solid wood", used in contrast thereto, refers to components made of solid wood.

The term wood composite material or wood composite component refers to such objects in which several different wood-based materials or solid wood qualities are interconnected or wood-based materials with solid wood or wood-based materials or solid wood with other materials.

The terms used in the context of the present application pressure belt and tension belt in a ceiling element respectively denote the upper, pressure-stressed upper belt (compression belt) and the lower belt (tension belt), which is vertically arranged underneath. Both horizontally extending straps are coupled together via one or more webs extending vertically therebetween. In multi-field systems, i. in arrangements in which continuous support members are supported at one or more locations, the tension belt in the support area is subjected to pressure and the pressure belt to train.

In connection with a vertically arranged wall element, the two terms (tension belt, compression belt) are only used to distinguish the two straps on the respective sides of the wall. In such a wall element can pressure or tensile stresses in both straps - depending on the Stress - occur. The straps are coupled together horizontally via one or more webs and run vertically.

In order to reduce the profile heights required for sufficient rigidity or load capacity in pure wood or composite wood construction, so-called HBV elements are available. In particular, for ceiling elements, the high tensile strength of wood can be combined with the high compressive strength of concrete elements advantageous if it is possible to produce a durable shear-resistant connection between wood or wood-based material and concrete elements.

From the EP 0 352 566 an HBV system is known in which solid wood beams, at the top of an anchoring frame is worked out, using shell elements partially (with the anchoring frame) are poured into a concrete slab. To improve the coupling with the concrete matrix metallic brackets or Armierstangen can be provided.

A similar HBV system for ceiling construction is from the CH 658 281 known. Here also the spaces between specially profiled solid wood beams are filled with formwork boards. The spaces between the supports are additionally filled with an insulating material, from which the upper areas of the support protrude a piece, which are then also poured into a concrete matrix. This can be reinforced, for example, with a steel insert. In order to increase the shear strength of this composite in the longitudinal direction of the carrier, recesses are alternately provided on the flanks of the wood beams, which are intended to improve the positive coupling with the concrete material. Both systems require relatively high output cross sections of the solid wood beams.

There are also HBV elements for ceiling systems in which several wooden beams are connected to a reinforced concrete slab become. The coupling takes place here via so-called shear connector, which are usually designed as a perforated plate and glued into the wooden beams and the concrete slab embedded. The power transmission between concrete element and wood element takes place here only indirectly via the connecting shear connector. A similar indirect coupling also offer special screws, which are anchored on the one hand in the wood material and on the other can be embedded in an applied concrete matrix. In this system, additional measures for corrosion protection must be taken. An overview of such shear connectors gives: Construction Approaches for Wide Span Ceilings and Bridges in Wood-Concrete Composite Construction "by Leander A. Barton, Oliver Bletz, in Bautechnik 83 (2006), No. 6, pages 435-439 , Also the DD 250 559 A1 relates to a reinforced concrete-wood composite ceiling, in which several wooden beams are connected via Ringkeildübel with a projecting into the concrete matrix steel strap with the concrete slab. Such systems require additional components and / or processing steps.

Based on this, the object is to provide an improved HBV element.

This object is achieved by a carrier element according to claim 1. The present invention is characterized in that a pressure belt made of a concrete material (concrete upper belt) is coupled directly non-positively with a web made of a wood material. Such a support element has several advantages: the formation of the web of a wood material allows the transmission of higher shear forces between the pressure belt (concrete upper belt) and a tension belt (Holzuntergurt), since wood materials compared to solid wood can have a higher shear resistance. The combination of materials is optimized in terms of stress. As a result, the profile height and thus the required material requirement can be reduced. Additional components to couple concrete and wood-based materials are usually not required.

In the embodiment according to claim 2, the tension belt (wooden lower chord) is made of solid wood or solid wood. Since the tension belt has to bear only comparatively low shear stresses, but significantly increased tensile stresses, additional weight can be saved. The design and orientation of the web according to claim 3 further optimizes the mechanical properties and increases the flexural rigidity of the component.

The claims 4 to 6 relate to designs of the coupling between web and pressure belt. In this case, a coupling region is provided on the web on a narrow side according to claim 4, which projects into the concrete pressure belt. This results in a relatively large coupling region, which alone is sufficient with appropriate choice of material to produce a positive connection between compression belt and web. So-called Oriented Strand Boards (OSB) boards, but also veneer strip wood and long-grain wood have a relatively rough, coarse, rugged outer surface, which can form a good bond with the concrete material. This combines, penetrating into the surface pores and structures, with the web material. By embedding the web in the coupling region in the pressure belt, a corresponding large coupling surface (U-shaped profile) is available.

According to claim 5 additionally perforations or recesses passing through the web may be formed, which improve the positive engagement. Such recesses may e.g. be designed in the form of open or closed round holes, tine profiles or dovetail profiles.

According to claim 6, the coupling can be additionally reinforced by in the coupling region the web passing through coupling elements, for example in the form of open or closed profiles or rods or tubes are arranged.

Claims 7 and 8 relate to web carrier arrangements in which, in each case, a plurality of webs are detected via a pressure belt arrangement and a tension belt arrangement, respectively. This arrangement particularly relates to prefabricated ceiling or wall components. In another embodiment, a plurality of webs, each with a tension belt can be coupled via a pressure belt arrangement (so-called beam ceiling element).

According to claim 8, interfaces may be formed at the edges of the compression straps or the Druckgurtanordnungen or the Zuggurte or the Zuggurtanordnungen over which more web support units more or less seamlessly can be connected to each other (eg tongue and groove joints). An intimate connection of the edges of adjoining Zuggurtbereiche is advantageous in the so-called in-situ concrete method and prevents cement paste or mixing water passes through such ceiling elements.

Claim 9 relates to a method for producing a carrier element according to the invention or a web carrier arrangement which is suitable for the industrial prefabrication of such elements. In this case, a prefabricated web with a tension belt or a web arrangement with one or more Zuggurten in the provided Druckgurtmasse (concrete layer) is inserted or immersed, so that after curing the Druckgurtmasse a complete support member or a web support assembly a Schaltisch (turning table) are removed can.

The method according to claim 10 relates to the site-side production, is provided in the webs with tension straps or a web assembly with a Zuggurtanordnung, and the free narrow sides of the webs with a Druckgurtmasse (concrete layer) cast or cast in Ortbetonverfahren, also here after the Curing on site the complete carrier assembly is ready. Here are the spaces between the bars with a filling (For example, an insulating or insulating material) filled so far that only the coupling region of the webs protrudes from the contents and then then encapsulated or deformed with the Druckgurtmasse.

Claim 11 relates to a support element in which both straps (tension and compression belt) are made of a concrete material. Such elements are particularly suitable for wall elements. The coupling via wooden bridges ensures the shear-resistant coupling of the two shells (compression belt / tension belt) and improves their thermal properties (improved insulation effect) and creates weight advantages over solid concrete wall elements.

The web support assembly according to claim 12 relates to an element in which a plurality of webs each couple a tension belt and a pressure belt together. Such a device is relatively large extend, so that wall elements can be formed from it.

Fig. 1.

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer aus erfindungsgemäßen Trägerelementen gebildeten Holzbalkendecke

Fig. 2

einen Querschnitt durch die Holzbalkendecke aus Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

einen Längsschnitt durch die in Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 gezeigte Holzbalkendecke,

Fig. 4

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer aus erfindungsgemäßen Trägerelementen gebildeten Flachdecke,

Fig. 5

den Aufbau einer Flachdecke mit einer Zwischendämmschicht,

Fig. 6

einen Querschnitt durch eine Flachdecke gemäß Fig. 4 oder 5,

Fig. 7a

eine Flachdecke mit vorgefertigten Holzverbund- und Betonelementen, welche im Bereich der Stege miteinander verbunden werden,

Fig. 7b

beispielhafte Gestaltungsvarianten der in Fig. 7a dargestellten Verbindungsfuge zwischen den Betonelementen,

Fig. 8

unterschiedliche Ausführungen der Steggeometrie im Koppelbereich,

Fig. 9

verschiedene Ausführungsalternativen von zusätzlichen Koppelelementen im Koppelbereich, und

Fig. 10

eine Stegträgeranordnung, die als vertikales Wandelement dienen kann.

Embodiments of the present invention will be explained with reference to the following drawings. Showing:

Fig. 1.

a perspective view of a wooden beam ceiling formed from support elements according to the invention

Fig. 2

a cross section through the wooden beam ceiling Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3

a longitudinal section through the in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 shown wooden beam ceiling,

Fig. 4

a perspective view of a flat ceiling formed from support elements according to the invention,

Fig. 5

the construction of a flat ceiling with an intermediate insulation layer,

Fig. 6

a cross section through a flat ceiling according to Fig. 4 or 5 .

Fig. 7a

a flat ceiling with prefabricated wood composite and concrete elements, which are connected to each other in the area of the webs,

Fig. 7b

exemplary design variants of in Fig. 7a illustrated joint between the concrete elements,

Fig. 8

different designs of web geometry in the coupling area,

Fig. 9

various alternative embodiments of additional coupling elements in the coupling region, and

Fig. 10

a web support assembly that can serve as a vertical wall element.

The basic structure and function of a carrier element according to the invention will now be described with reference to FIG Fig. 1 to 3 explained. The illustrated web support assembly 1 has a plurality of support elements 2, which are each formed of a web 4, a tension belt 6 and a pressure belt 8. In the embodiment according to Fig. 1 connects a single pressure belt 8 a plurality of webs 4 with each other. In other embodiments, not shown, a single pressure belt 8 may be provided for each web 4. The webs 4 are glued on their lower narrow side in a recess corresponding to the web profile 10 in the tension belt 6 (see Fig. 2 ). The upper narrow side of the web 4 is embedded with a coupling region 12 in the pressure belt 8.

The pressure belt 8 is formed of a concrete material whose layer thickness is approximately between 6 and 8 cm. This pressure belt 8, which is also called concrete upper belt or upper belt, serves for the transverse distribution of the loads and absorbs predominantly compressive loads under operating stress. The pressure belt 8 may be provided with a reinforcement, not shown, (for example, an inserted reinforcing steel mat) or be formed of fiber concrete.

The design of the coupling region 12 will be described below.

The tension straps 6 are made of a wood material (eg glued laminated timber or cross laminated timber) or solid wood. These materials have the necessary tensile strength. The Zuggurte 6 take on operating loads mainly tensile loads.

The connecting web 4 is used for thrust transmission between the pressure belt 8 and tension belt 6. As a material come wood materials with high shear capacity such as OSB boards, plywood boards, chipboard or fiberboard in question. These board materials have high compressive strengths and about 3- to 4-fold higher shear resistance compared to solid wood. The web height results from the static requirements and can be reduced in exceptional cases so far that the underside of the pressure belt 8 rests directly on the top of the tension belt 6. In such an embodiment, the web 4 only serves to transmit the shear forces between the concrete material (pressure belt 8) and solid wood or wood material (tension belt 6). The strength of the tension belt 6 is in this Ausführungsbeiespiel between about 4 and 12 cm.

The in Fig. 3 shown longitudinal section shows that the webs 4 parallel to the compression belt 8 and tension belt 6 over the entire length of a support member 2 and the web support assembly 1 run.

The 4 to 6 show web support assemblies 1b and 1c, which are formed as a flat ceiling element. Again, several support elements 2 are provided in each case. This in Fig. 4 illustrated embodiment shows four webs 4, which are each connected via a single pressure belt 8 and a single tension belt 6 to a flat ceiling element 1b. The coupling with each other takes place as described above.

Fig. 5 shows a web support assembly 1c, in an exploded view, in which the gaps 14 between the webs 4 are filled with packing 16.

To produce the tension belt 6 is brought with the pre-assembled bars 4 in its installed position. Subsequently, the packing 16 are inserted into the intermediate spaces 14. In this case, the coupling regions 12 of the webs 4 protrude upward beyond the packing 16. On the packing 16 then the pressure belt 8 is poured from concrete, which encloses the coupling regions 12, embeds and detects. After curing, the complete web support assembly 1c is available and has then reached its final strength.

There are also web support arrangements in which the interstices 14 between the webs 4 are not filled with packing 16 (see also Fig. 4 ), which can still be produced using the in-situ concrete method. For this purpose, the principle of a lost formwork is used: The webs 4 are interconnected with formwork elements or a scarf assembly (for example, formwork boards) which are arranged at a distance from the tension belt 6 and the coupling region 12 are released. On this scarf assembly is then as in the in Fig. 5 shown embodiment of the pressure belt 8 poured concrete, which encloses the coupling regions 12, embeds and is detected and held by the formwork elements which define the distance to the pressure belt plane out. The same procedure can also be applied to in Fig. 1 shown web carrier assembly 1 are applied. Also Here, the underside of the pressure belt 8 is then defined by formwork elements or the scarf assembly, the webs 4 each with the release of the coupling regions 12 together.

In another manufacturing method, not shown, the Druckgurtmasse is provided in a molding box on a turning table and an arrangement of Zuggurten 6 and webs 4 with the coupling regions 12 from above into the Druckgurtmasse (liquid concrete) used. After curing, the web support assembly 1, 1b turned and released from the molding box. In this method, the spaces do not need to be filled. In both methods, the pressure belt can be additionally reinforced with steel mats. Alternatively, fiber concrete can be used.

The cross section in Fig. 6 shows an embodiment in which each individual tension straps 6 are connected to a single web 4. At the edges of the Zuggurte 6 each interfaces 18 are formed, on which Zuggurte 6 can be tightly fitted together. The interface 18 is formed for example as a tongue and groove connection. Thus, individual elements, consisting of tension belt 6 and web 4, are joined together on site and then, as described above, be completed to a ceiling element 1c.

The Fig. 7a and 7b show a further embodiment of a web support assembly 1d, are assembled in the prefabricated consisting of a tension belt 6 and a web 4 elements at interfaces 18 and the cavities 14 are also filled with packing 16. Zuggurtelemente 8a are then placed on this packing 16, which form an open-top joint 20 in the region of the webs 4, which is then closed with grout 8b, which includes the coupling region 12. In order to improve the coupling between the pressure belt elements 8a with each other, the joint region 20 can according to Fig. 7b be designed. For better clarity here is the in the Joint region 20 projecting coupling region 12 is not shown.

Fig. 8 shows different embodiments ad of the coupling region 12 of the web 4. In the illustrations, the course of the pressure belt 8 is indicated by dashed lines. The tension belt 6 is not shown. In embodiment a, transverse bores 22 are provided in the coupling region 12 at regular intervals. In the embodiment b, the diameter is chosen such that the upper side of the coupling region 12 is open. In this circular segment-shaped recess 23 can penetrate better when casting the concrete material. Due to the cross-sectional undercut a peeling of the pressure belt 8 from the web 4 is difficult. The embodiment c shows a coupling region 12 with tine-shaped recesses 24 and the embodiment d shows dovetail-shaped recesses 25, which also provide undercuts that make it difficult to peel off the pressure belt from the web 4. The bores 22 and recesses 23, 24, 25 may be formed in other embodiments also so that they only partially penetrate into the coupling region 12 and not fully enforce this.

The embodiments in Fig. 9 show similar to in Fig. 8 further design options. In each case additionally cross-sectional views of the web 4 are indicated. In the embodiment a are inserted into the transverse bores 22 the web passing through pieces of pipe 22a, which protrude laterally into the pressure belt 8 and thus reinforce the coupling between the pressure belt 8 and web 4. In the embodiment b the circular segments 23 adapted open profiles 23a are used, and in the embodiment c the recesses 24 corresponding U-profiles 24a. In the embodiment d transverse bars 26 are inserted into the tines 25b.

Fig. 10 shows a further embodiment of the invention, wherein the webs 4 each on both sides with a coupling regions 12 of a plurality of webs 4 detecting concrete belt 8b, 6b are coupled. Such a web support arrangement is suitable for example as a wall element and uses the good thermal insulation properties of the wood material webs 4. The spaces 14 also present here can also be filled by an intermediate layer 16, which is formed for example from an insulating material to further improve the insulating properties. The coupling of the webs 4 with the concrete belts can by the above measures (see Fig. 9 ).

Further embodiments and variations of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art within the scope of the following claims.

Claims (12)

Carrier element (2; 2b) in HBV construction with a pressure belt (8; 8b), a web (4) and a tension belt (6; 6b), which together form an I or double T-profile,
wherein the pressure belt (8) made of a concrete material and the directly frictionally coupled with the pressure belt (8) web (4) is made of a wood material. Carrier element (2) according to claim 1, wherein the tension belt (8) is made of solid wood or a wood material. Carrier element (2) according to Claim 1 or 2, in which the web (4) has a rectangular cross-section and is connected in each case on its narrow side to the pressure belt (8) or the tension belt (6). Carrier element (2) according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the web (4) has on a narrow side a coupling region (12) which projects into the pressure belt (8). Carrier element (2) according to claim 4, wherein in the coupling region (12) the web at least partially passing through recesses (22; 23; 24; 25) are formed. Carrier element (2) according to Claim 4 or 5, in which coupling elements (22a; 23a; 24a; 25a) passing through the web (4) are arranged in the coupling region (12), each projecting out of the web (4) and inside the pressure belt ( 8). A web support assembly (1; 1b; 1c; 1d) having a plurality of support members (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a compression belt assembly (8,8a, 8b) and / or a tension belt assembly (6) each extend over a plurality of support members Webs (4) with one or more Zuggurtanordnungen (6) or one or more Druckgurtanordnungen (8; 8a, 8b) are coupled. A web support assembly (1; 1b; 1c; 1d) according to claim 7, wherein an interface (18; 20) is formed at the edge of the compression belt assembly (8; 8a, 8b) and / or the tension belt assembly (6) for connection or coupling to a further web carrier arrangement (1; 1b; 1c; 1d) is suitable. Method for producing a carrier element (2) according to one of Claims 1 to 6 or a bar carrier arrangement (1; 1b; 1c; 1d) according to one of Claims 7 or 8, having the following steps: - Providing a web (4) or a web arrangement with one or more Zuggurten (6); - Providing a Druckgurtmasse; - Inserting the web (4) or the web assembly in the Druckgurtmasse; - Hardening the Druckgurtmasse to a pressure belt (8) or to a Druckgurtanordnung. Method for producing a carrier element (2) according to one of Claims 1 to 6 or a bar carrier arrangement (1; 1b; 1c; 1d) according to one of Claims 7 or 8, having the following steps: - Providing a web arrangement with Zuggurten (6) and a Zuggurtanordnung; - filling the intermediate spaces (14) between the webs (4) with a filling material (16) or a scarf arrangement, so that the free narrow sides (12) of the webs (4) protrude from the filling material (16) or the scarf assembly; - Pouring or forming the free narrow sides (12) of the webs with a Druckgurtmasse under cover of the filling material (16) or the scarf assembly and the webs (4); - curing the Druckgurtmasse to a pressure belt assembly. Carrier element (2b) according to claim 1, wherein pressure belt (8b) and tension belt (6b) are made of a concrete material. A bar carrier arrangement (1e) having a plurality of carrier elements (2b) according to one of the preceding claims, in which a pressure belt (8b) and a tension belt (6b) are each coupled to one another via a plurality of webs (4) so that one over the webs (4) with each other coupled double shell element is formed.

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