DE3346895A1 - Device for sorting a stream of field crops, especially sugar beet, into two part-streams of differing piece size - Google Patents

Abstract

The device serves for sorting especially a stream of sugar beet into two part-streams of differing piece size and contains sorting elements which are arranged in a grid-like manner and which are held in two frames adjustable relative to one another. Of these frames, at least one can be displaced approximately at right angles to the conveying direction, and the sorting elements carrying and conveying the stream of sugar beet extend essentially parallel to this conveying direction. This simple design leads to an especially high sorting capacity, along with reliable sorting work and extremely good adjustment possibilities for the size of the screened material to be sorted out.

Description

Device for sorting a flow of crops, in particular sugar beets, in two partial flows of different piece sizes

The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.

For the storage and processing of crops, it is often necessary to store them in to sort at least two partial flows of different size. This is especially true for freshly delivered sugar beets in question. Because only during the sugar beet harvest campaign some of the delivered sugar beets are processed immediately for the production of sugar can and the remaining part must first be stored in silos, it is necessary, Sort out smaller beets and beet fragments from the whole amount of beets in order to avoid excessive Avoid compaction of the beets to be stored in the long-term silo. Such a compression in the This is because the beet silo would lead to rapid rot formation and thus to sugar losses, which is why it is preferred to sort out the smaller beets and, if necessary, the beet fragments and to be processed immediately, while only the large sugar beets are stored in the long-term silo will.

From DE-OS 30 27 651 it is already known, an already from foliage, dirt and the like freed beet stream into two substreams

different piece size to separate. For this purpose, a device is used, which one in the transport direction sloping roller track with adjustable roller gaps between adjacent ones Has rollers. The adjacent rollers can be used to adjust the roller gap be arranged in separate roller frames that can be adjusted in relation to each other in the beet transport direction, or one roller of an adjacent roller pair can be pivoted about the axis of the second roller stored.

The invention is now based on the object of providing a device of the type assumed in the preamble of claim 1 Kind of further improvement in such a way that with a relatively simple structural design and a particularly favorable setting with as uniform a conveying movement of the crops as possible the sorting device in terms of size and quantity of the crops to be sorted out guaranteed can be.

This object is achieved according to the invention by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1 solved.

In the experiments on which the invention is based, it has been shown that the use of in the conveying direction one behind the other, essentially cylindrical rollers as sorting elements adversely affect the continuous flow of crops, above all, in an unfavorable manner

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can, if a relatively large roll gap is set between adjacent rolls is. In the device according to the present invention, on the other hand, the flow of crops is used carrying sorting elements so designed and arranged that they are substantially parallel to said Direction of conveyance run, with at least one frame holding them then approximately at right angles to the general direction of flow of the field fruit flow can be relocated to create a diarrhea gap of different sizes. In this way, the support and conveying plane formed by the top of the sorting elements can be in The direction of conveyance of the crop flow is essentially retained unchanged, so that the Sorting out smaller crops or fragments of such crops from the whole crop flow can be carried out particularly quickly, but nevertheless extremely reliably; aside from that the amount and size of the crops to be sorted out (falling through) can be determined by the transversal divisibility or -verlagerbarkeit of the two frames and thus the sorting element relative to one another bring about with relatively simple constructive means.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the clear distance between two is in the transverse direction adjacent sorting elements between a maximum and a minimum gap width continuously adjustable, the maximum and the minimum gap width due to the type of to

sorting crops or their size distribution is determined.

With this device according to the invention mainly two different basic concepts.

According to a first basic structure, the sorting elements are here due to the axially spaced apart rotationally fixed on the shaft of a disc roller, grate disks of equal diameter are formed, with a number of first and second grids forming a roller grate Disc rollers in the conveying direction of the crop flow alternating with one another and parallel to one another The shafts of these disc rollers are rotatably mounted on the first and second frames run parallel to the direction of displacement of the frame or frames and constant distances from one another have such that the adjacent disc rollers intermesh in a comb-like manner.

According to the second basic embodiment of the device, the sorting elements are formed with a sorting screen by the first and second stretched parallel to the conveying direction of the crop flow Screen elements formed, which alternate at right angles to the conveying direction in the first and second frame are arranged and with their top the conveying level for the crops form.

Other advantageous developments and refinements of the invention are the subject of the rest Subclaims.

In the following, the invention is based on a few preferred exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawing described in more detail. Show in the largely schematic drawing

Fig. 1 is a sectional view (section line I-I

in Figure 2) through a longitudinal section of the designed in the form of a roller grate Sorting device;

If) Fig. 2 is a partial view of three in a row

horizontal disc rollers of the illustrated in Fig.1 Device longitudinal section, the grate disks of the with With the help of a frame that can be displaced transversely, the disc roller is in a central position

between the corresponding panes of the stationary held in the associated frame Disc roller are located (minimum gap width);

FIG. 3 shows a partial plan view similar to FIG. 2, however in a transversely displaced position of a disc roller, whereby a Maximum gap width set between two corresponding, neighboring grate disks is;

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4 shows a plan view of a longitudinal section

of the roller grate, to illustrate the relative position or adjustment of the
two frames supporting the disc rolls;

Ficj. 5 is a greatly simplified side view of the device, in which the grate section
A further grate-like sorting device is arranged upstream with a frame that can be displaced relative to one another;

6 shows a side view of a further embodiment the sorting device, in a basic structure in the form of a sorting

^ sieves with tensioned in the conveying direction

Screen elements;

7 shows a greatly simplified partial cross-section along the line VIl-VII in FIG. 6, to illustrate the cross-adjustable screen elements in their central position
for the purpose of forming the minimum gap width;

Fig. 8 is a similar cross-sectional view as

7, but to illustrate the sieve elements in their outermost end position to form the maximum
Gap width;

9 is a side view of the in the form of a

Vibrating screen designed device according to Figure 6 to 8;

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10 shows a plan view of the vibrating screen according to

Fig. 9.

All of the exemplary embodiments of the device according to the invention described below are preferred intended for sorting a stream of sugar beet into two partial streams of different size. However, it should already be emphasized at this point that other crops, such as e.g. Potatoes can be sorted in the same way.

With reference to FIGS. 1 to 4, let us first consider a first exemplary embodiment the sorting device described.

I _n this case the sorting device is constructed in the form of a roller grate. 1 This roller grate 1 can in principle be installed approximately horizontally or inclined relative to the horizontal in the conveying path (cf. conveying direction pfexl F in FIG. 1). According to FIG. 1, the roller grate 1 with its conveying plane or the plane A containing the axes of rotation of the roller grate disc rollers 2 is inclined relative to the horizontal H by the angle ck> , which is about 10 to 20 °, preferably about 15 °. If necessary, this roller grating inclination can also be designed to be adjustable by means known per se. By appropriately inclining the roller grate 1, the conveyor speed of the

Beet stream can be influenced in the desired manner. 30th

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The roller grate 1 contains, as is already known per se in the case of roller grids, a number of first and second disc rollers 2 and 2a, which are arranged alternately and axially parallel to one another in the conveying direction (arrow F) of the sugar beet flow. On the shafts 2 ¹ and 2a 'of these disc rollers 2, 2a, grate disks 3 and 3a are rotatably arranged as the actual sorting elements and at an axial distance from one another, these grate disks 3, 3a having a diameter of essentially the same size (see, for example, Fig. 1).

The first and second disc rollers 2 and 2a alternate in the conveying direction (arrow F) arranged in a first frame or a second frame 4 or 4a by clicking on these frames 4, 4a are rotatably mounted on their shafts 2 and 2a, respectively, and these shafts 2 and 2a have a constant distance B from one another in the conveying direction (arrow F), as illustrated in FIG is. Of these two frames 4, 4a of the roller grate 1, the first frame 4 is stationary arranged, while the second frame 4a in the direction of the double arrow C relative to the first frame 4 can be adjusted. This results in a relative displaceability of this second frame 4a at right angles to the general conveying direction (arrow F) of the beet flow; the ones from the grate disks 3, 3a formed sorting elements, however, run essentially parallel to the conveying direction (Arrow F).

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Since - as explained above - the second frame 4a opposite the stationary first frame 4 in the direction of the double arrow C can be shifted or adjusted, those of the second Frame 4a supported disc rollers 2a opposite to the disc rollers carried by the first frame axially displaced in the event of an adjustment. Furthermore, since the disc rollers 2, 2a or the correspondingly associated grate disks 3, 3a - as is known per se - intermesh in a comb-like manner (cf. FIGS. 1 to 3}, in the case of the described Relocation of the second frame 4a relative to the first frame 4 (arrow C) also inevitably the interlocking grate disks 3, 3a of adjacent disk rollers 2 and 2a in their center distance changed to each other, so that the column indicated in FIGS. 2 and 3 with 5a and 5b with different gap widths. In the example of Fig. 2 there are grate disks 3a of the axially displaceable disc roller 2a exactly in the middle position between the respective axially adjacent grate disks 3 of the stationary disk rollers 2. This middle position leads to columns 5a with the minimum gap width for the falling sugar beets of smaller size or the corresponding fragments.

In the setting according to Fig. 3 are the Grate disks 3a of the axially adjustable disks • '50 roller 2a, on the other hand, very close to the one adjacent grate disk 3 of the stationary ones Disc roller 2, so that in each case a gap 5b

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with the maximum gap width for falling fruits. Between these two end positions (according to Figure 2 on the one hand and according to Figure 3 on the other hand) the respective desired gap widths between the stationary grate disks 3 and the associated adjacent adjustable grate disks 3a can be adjusted continuously. These stepless adjustment of the gap widths can for example be made by hand with the aid of at least one known adjusting spindle.

In the example of FIG. 4, the previously explained takes place Relative displacement of the second frame 4a (including the second disc rollers 2a with associated Grate disks 3a) opposite the stationary first frame 4 with the aid of a motorized actuator 6 and a plurality of adjusting spindle devices 6a, 6b and 6c connected therewith, as shown in FIG is illustrated in Figure 4 in detail, wherein

"0 this adjustment device largely can be arranged on the stationary first frame 4.

Instead of a mechanical actuator, as - ⁵ has been previously explained, can of course also be provided a fluid-operated (in particular hydraulic) adjusting means,

For the reliable sorting work of the roller grate 1, it is also advantageous if the first disc rollers 2 and the second disc rollers 2a via their shafts 2 'and 2a' each with a separate one

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Rotary drive are connected, which is carried by the associated first and second frame 4 and 4a, respectively. In Figure 4, the shafts 2 'of the first disc rollers 2 are connected to a motorized rotary drive M 1, which is arranged on the stationary first frame 4 and - as indicated in the drawing in Figure 4 - via chain, V-belt or toothed belt Drive connections or other suitable drive connections are connected ^{to the shafts 2 1.} In a corresponding manner, the displaceable second frame 4a carries a motorized rotary drive M 2 with similar drive connections to the associated shafts 2a ¹ . It can also be advantageous here to use the first

* ^J and / or second disk rollers 2 or 2a to be driven at a variable speed, with both groups of shafts 2 ¹ , 2a 'being driven in the conveying direction (arrow F) as a rule.

^ To support the shafts 2 'and 2a ¹ on the associated first and second frames 4 and 4a, it should be mentioned that pillow blocks are preferably attached to the frame for this purpose.

The grate disks 3 and 3a can ^{be rotatably arranged on the shafts 2 'and 2a 1} in a manner known per se, wherein between axially adjacent disks 3 and 3a of each shaft 2' and 2a ¹ spacer 7 are arranged, all of the have the same axial length and thus ensure the same axial distance between all adjacent grate disks 3 and 3a. Particularly

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It is now advantageous if each of these rotatably Spacer 7 provided on the associated shaft has at least one associated ejection cam having. In Figure 1, the spacers 7 of the shafts 2 ', 2a' are shown in cross section so that they have an elliptical shape. In this way, each spacer 7 verifies to a certain extent two ejector cams 7a formed in one piece therewith. The advantage of this ejection cam 7a is to see in the fact that a possible remaining of smaller fruits in the spaces between the panes is reliably prevented. The axial dimension of these spacers 7 thus determines the axial dimension Distance between two grate disks adjacent to one another on a shaft. Furthermore, a different arrangement and design of the ejection cams 7a and the passage opening between two shafts 2 ', 2a' adjacent to one another in the conveying direction can be varied.

For the illustration in FIGS. 1 to 3 it should also be mentioned that here only for the purpose of a better Understanding the in the direction of the double arrow C displaceable disc roller 2a (including their grate disks 3a) is hatched lengthways.

What the sorter, a crop or sugar beet stream in two partial streams of different size with the help of the roller grate explained above 1, its function should be understandable without further explanation. There-

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It should be added, however, that for this sorting of a sugar beet stream into one of large ones Sugar beet existing first partial flow (overflow) and into one of smaller beets or corresponding ones Beet fragments existing second partial flow (diarrhea), can be beneficial if this sugar beet stream previously of dirt and like that has been released. In this sense it is now in some practical embodiments particularly advantageous if - as illustrated very schematically in FIG. 5 - the material inlet 1a of the roller grate 1 a cleaning device is connected upstream or assigned so that a combined sorting device comprising cleaning device 12 and pure sorting device (Roller grate 1) results in two partial flows in the cleaning device before the separation process 12 remove the remaining dirt (as diarrhea).

The cleaning device 12 can be designed in any suitable form. In the example of Fig. 5 it is assumed that the cleaning device 12 is by a known for this purpose Roller grate is formed in which both the adjacent grate disks and each other adjacent disc rolls constant fixed (not changeable) gap distances to each other exhibit. In this exemplary embodiment (FIG. 5), it is also considered advantageous that the Cleaning device 12 and the roller grate 1 inclined differently with respect to their conveying planes

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train, i.e. the cleaning roller grate 12 has an approximately horizontal conveying plane, while the conveying plane of the roller grate 1 can be inclined in the manner explained in more detail above.

In some cases, however, it can also prove to be advantageous to connect this series connection to design of the cleaning device and the actual sorting device in stages.

Regarding the mode of operation of the roller grate 1, it should be noted that the sorting work, i.e. in particular the quantity and size of the crops to be sorted out, can be adjusted or influenced in multiple ways, namely in particular

- due to the axial displaceability of the second disc rollers 2a (with their grate discs 3a) opposite the first disc rollers 2 (with their grate discs 3),

- By a variability of the rotational speeds of the disc rollers 2, 2a via the associated Rotary drives M 1 and M 2 and

- By changing the angle of inclination cb of the roller grate 1.

For the reliable sorting work of the roller grate 1, however, it can also be important that the Grate disks 3, 3a of the disk rollers 2, 2a are always kept sufficiently clean, i.e. that a Clogging of the grate with dirt is prevented,

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in particular in the area of the end faces of the grate disks 3, 3a. A cleaning or keeping free of dirt this end faces of the grate disks 3, 3a can easily be done by> ^r) that each cooking plate 3, 3a has a cleaning blade 13 (see. Figure 1) in the region of a peripheral portion. This cleaning scraper can easily be molded into a circumferential section of the associated grate disk 3, 3a and, for example, can be designed in the manner of a knife blade, as can be clearly seen in FIG. Such a cleaning scraper 13 can then be brought into engagement with the face of the adjacent grate disk facing it (with a corresponding axial displacement of the disk rollers 2a with their grate disks 3a), so that the grate disk faces can always be kept largely free of dirt.

While in the previously explained embodiments grate disks are provided as sorting elements, these sorting elements can alternatively also through the first and second stretched towards the conveying direction (arrow F) of the crop flow Sieve elements 8, 8a be formed so that the actual sorting device for the crops or Sugar beet in this case is a sorting sieve 11. The sieve elements 8, 8a are also in this case in the associated first or second frame 14 or

^ O 14a arranged and form with their top the Conveying level for the sugar beets to be sorted. Siebelomente 8 and 8a are transverse to the conveyor

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direction (arrow F) with equal distances on the two ends of their respective associated frame 14 or 14a fixed.

It is now important that the first frame 14 and the second frame 14a in exactly the same way, as has been described above with reference to the first exemplary embodiment, can be displaced relative to one another are, i.e. the first frame 14 is in this a The case is stationary and the second frame 14a is at right angles to the conveying direction (arrow F) by a Certain measure in the direction of the double arrow C (Fig.10) displaceable. This transverse shifting of the second frame 14a can, for example, with the aid of the actuator 15 indicated in FIG but done in the same way as it was based on the first embodiment (to the Frame 4 and 4a) has been explained. It should be mentioned, however, that the transversely movable second frame 14a expediently - as indicated in FIG. 10 - supported and carried by the stationary first frame 14 will. However, this in such a way that the sieve elements 8, 8a have a flat, uniform conveying surface can form, these first and second screen elements 8, 8a at right angles to the conveying direction (Arrow F) are arranged alternately in the associated first and second frame 14, 14a.

If in the sense of the above, the adjacent Sieve elements 8, 8a in cross section - according to Fig. 7 and 8 - are considered, then there is between each other in the transverse direction

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adjacent sorting elements 8, 8a - in almost the same way as with the grate disks 3, 3a according to FIG Fig. 2 and 3 - each a clear distance, which with a medium setting of about their frame 14a transversely adjustable second sieve elements 8a with respect to the stationary first sieve elements 8 determines the minimum gap width 9 (Fig.7) for diarrhea material to be sorted out, while the outermost setting position according to FIG. 8 of the second screen elements 8a has a maximum gap width 9a represents. Between this maximum and the minimum gap width 9a or 9, the second Sieve elements 8a with respect to the stationary first sieve elements 8 with the help of the transversely displaceable second frame 14a, preferably continuously adjusted will.

In this embodiment, the sorting screen 11 is preferably in the form of a vibrating screen executed. The stationary first frame 14 and the transversely displaceable second frame are used for this purpose Frame 14a arranged in a common frame 16, that with a known oscillating drive 17 (for example an unbalance drive)

^ 5 is equipped and so for the conveying movement the sugar beet in the direction of arrow F ensures. The two can be displaced relative to one another Frames 14 and 14a - as already indicated - arranged together at roughly the same level.

^l' O net, that is, the transversely displaceable second frame 14a can - as shown in FIG.

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be arranged within the fixed first frame 14 union. Furthermore, it is with this combination of advantage if, in particular, the transversely displaceable second frame 14a with the aid of im Frame 16 mounted (preferably resiliently mounted) rubber rollers 18 against the first frame is pressed. This type of pressing the two frames 14, 14a against one another on the one hand these frames are held together and, on the other hand, it is made possible at the same time that the second frame 14a can be displaced transversely in the manner described.

The sieve elements % r 8a could generally be designed in any suitable form, for example by means of wires, rods, etc. However, it has proven to be particularly advantageous if the first and second sieve elements 8, 8a are designed as ropes which - in the conveying direction of the Arrow F

% ® seen - are each held at the two ends of the associated frame 14 and 14a. These ropes can advantageously be arranged and designed in such a way that they are guided around over two rope drums 19 and 20, are partially embedded in them and are kept taut by these drums. The cable drum 19 for the first sieve elements 8 (ropes) are attached across the ends of the stationary first frame 14 and the two cable drums 20 for the second sieve elements 8a (ropes) are attached across the two ends of the transversely displaceable second frame 14a.

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orderly, in each case in such a way that a corresponding longitudinal displacement (in the form of

(Perform arrow F) the ropes can be retensioned. These cable drums 19 and 20 therefore each extend with their axes at right angles to the conveying direction of the sugar beet flow. The conveying plane for the beet to be sorted stream is defined by the top of the 9 ^e ~ cables (screening elements 8, 8a) is formed.

Even in the case of such training, the real one Sorting device in the form of a vibrating screen can pass through the top of the screen elements formed conveying level for the crop flow aligned horizontally or - preferably be slightly inclined. In addition, there is also the possibility of not having such a sorting sieve 11 only with a uniformly running conveying level, but also with one if necessary to form a stepped conveying level running in the conveying direction (step sieve).

.

In addition, the actual sorting device is also designed as a sorting sieve the possibility of assigning a suitable cleaning device to the material inflow, as is the case, for example has been explained above with reference to FIG.

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Claims (19)

Patent claims: 1. Device for sorting a stream of crops, especially sugar beets, in at least two partial streams of different size, containing a number of rust-like and sorting elements which are arranged parallel to one another and which are alternately supported in a first and a second frame that are adjustable relative to each other, characterized, that - at least one frame (4a, 14a) right; _e is displaceable at an angle to the general conveying direction (F) of the flow of crops and the sorting elements (3, 3a, 8, 8a) carrying the flow of crops run essentially parallel to said conveying direction (F). 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the clear distance between two sorting elements (3, 3a, 8, 8a) adjacent to one another in the transverse direction between a maximum and a minimum gap width (5a, 5b 'or 9, 9a) is continuously adjustable. 3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that that the first frame (4, 14) with the first sorting elements (3, 8) is arranged in a stationary manner, while the second frame (4a, 14a) with the second frame supported by it Sorting elements (3a, 8a) is adjustable by motor. 4. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that that the first frame with the of it mounted first sorting elements is arranged stationary, while .. the second frame with the second sorting elements held thereby is adjustable by hand.
15th 5. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the sorting elements are formed by the grate disks (3, 3a) of the same size arranged axially ^{spaced apart from one another in a rotationally fixed manner on the shaft (2 1} , 2a ^{1) of a disk roller (2, 2a)} are, with the formation of a roller grate (1) a number of first and second disc rollers (2, 2a) in the conveying direction (F) of the crop flow. ^ which alternate as well as axially parallel to each other is rotatably mounted on the first and second frames (4, 4a) and the shafts (2 ', 2a') of these Disk rollers run parallel to the direction of displacement (C) of the frame or frames and ^Possibly constant distances from one another in such a way sit that the adjacent disc rollers mesh like a comb. 6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the shafts (2 ¹ ) of the first disc rollers (2) and the shafts (2a ¹ ) of the second disc rollers (2a) each with a separate, from the associated first and second frame (4, 4a) carried rotary drive (M 1, M 2) connected are. 7. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized shows that each grate disc (3, 3a) has a cleaning scraper on a peripheral section (13) has formed, which with the face facing it of the adjacent grate disk in Can be brought into engagement. 8. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that between the adjacent grate disks (3, 3a) of each disk roller (2a, 2a) each has a spacer (7) with at least one associated ejection cam (7a) rotatably on the shaft (2 ¹ , 2a ') is provided. 9. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the conveying plane of the disc rollers formed roller grate runs horizontally. 10. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that that the conveying plane of the roller grate (1) formed by the disc rollers (2, 2a) in the conveying direction (arrow F) of the Crop stream is inclined. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that that the inclination of the roller grate conveyor level is adjustable. 12. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the angle of inclination (dl) of the roller grate conveying plane relative to the horizontal (H) is about 10 to 20 °, preferably about 15 °.
10 13. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that that the sorting elements to form a sorting screen (11) through parallel first and second sieve elements (8, 8a) tensioned in relation to the conveying direction (F) of the crop flow are formed, which are perpendicular to the conveying direction (F) alternately in the first and second frame (14, 14a) are arranged and the conveying level for the Form crops. 14. The device according to claim 13, characterized in that that the two frames (14, 14a) this Sorting sieve (11) in a common frame (16) are arranged with a swing arm drive (17) is equipped for the conveying movement of the crops. 15. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that that the two are relative to each other adjustable frame (14, 14a) are approximately on the same level and with the help of in the frame (16) mounted rubber rollers (18) against each other be pressed. 16. The device according to claim 13, characterized in that that the first and second screen elements (8, 8a) are designed as ropes that - seen in the conveying direction (F) of the crop flow - each at the ends of the associated Frame (14 or 14a) are held. 17. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that that the ropes (8, 8a) Tensioned over two cable drums (19, 20) each are arranged at the two ends of the first and second frames (14 and 14a), respectively and their axes each extend at right angles to the conveying direction (F). 18. The device according to claim 2, characterized by one associated with the material inlet end (1a) Cleaning device (12) with grate-like sorting elements, the constant fixed (unchangeable) Have gap distances from one another. 19. The device according to claim 18, characterized in that the cleaning device (12) and the actual sorting device (1) inclined differently with respect to its conveying levels or are arranged in steps one behind the other.