DE3314774A1 - Ship with lowerable boats, in particular lifeboats, and davit gear for a ship - Google Patents

Abstract

A ship with lowerable boats, in particular lifeboats, has davit arms (9) which are mounted in such a way that they can be swung outboard in particular at the stern of the hull roughly at the level of the water line and are connected to a deck winch (36) by at least one runner (34), in particular a steel wire. A supporting arrangement (17) reaching beneath the boat is pivotably arranged on the davit arms (9). It has a stop in the form of a stanchion (62) or a mounting stanchion (27) for securing the boat (33). The at least one runner (34) acts on the supporting arrangement (17) and takes the davit arms (9) with it via the supporting arrangement (17). <IMAGE>

Description

Ship with launchable boats, especially rescue

boats and davit gear for a ship The invention relates to a Ship with launchable boats, especially lifeboats, which are attached to davit arms are suspended, the outboard pivotable, in particular at the stern of the hull stored approximately at the level of the waterline and by at least one runner, in particular Steel wire, connected to a deck winch.

The invention also relates to a davit harness for a ship.

They are generally used in conjunction with auxiliary boats or lifeboats crane-like girders which are pivotably arranged on the boat deck of a ship are known, from which the boats are suspended by means of cables.

So-called gravity davits are known as pivoting carriers, swiveled outboard when launching a boat be, but are also stored in the area of the boat deck.

Difficulties arise in many cases with these known designs when launching a lifeboat, especially if the ship is listed or heavily overtaken in heavy seas, because then the boats hit the hull be beaten. In general, the position of a boat is also immediate when it is picked up problematic on one side of the ship.

To avoid these disadvantages is already in patent (patent application P 32 30 847) has been proposed to outboard davit arms as described above can be pivoted about at the level of the waterline on a ship, so that the boat is brought at a distance from the ship when launching, with an approaching oscillation on the side wall is avoided.

The davit arms can be designed like a fork and in the area of a Joint are summarized at the level of the waterline. At least the ship has a bearing arrangement at the level of the waterline with a bearing axis parallel to that Ship wall in which the bearing is located, with one protruding or sunk Arrangement is included in relation to the outer contour of the ship.

The deck winch can be equipped with an automatic, for example centrifugal braking device be equipped.

Such a design of a ship and a davit harness is also in the arrangement on Proposed stern of a ship been.

These proposed designs are incorporated.

In the proposed version, the inclusion of the boat is on The silver davit fork is arranged on the support spars and on the boats Made saddle pieces. A receptacle is provided in which the boat can be placed in Keel direction is releasably held between the pivotable ends of the davit arms. This can lead to problems, especially when it is picked up at the stern. In particular, when the boat has to be resumed in motion.

The invention has for its object to provide a ship of the type described above Kind and to create a davit harness which takes advantage of the above Have proposed Ausfilhrungen and thereby a sufficient freeboard from the hull ensure, but also enable an approaching boat, especially on Stern, can certainly be picked up by a moving ship, but also a boat to be set down comes free from the ship quickly and safely.

The arrangement at the stern is a preferred embodiment, especially since especially in a moving sea at the stern of a moving ship a certain calming of the water entry.

It takes into account that the boat is traveling at a slightly higher speed when the ship approaches this from the stern.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that on the davit arms pivotably arranged a support arrangement engaging under the boat, which on one especially the front end, has a support for fixing the boat, and that the at least one runner engages the front end of the support assembly.

In the preferred embodiment it is provided that the support arrangement is pivotally mounted in the midship direction on the davit arms, so that they is mounted so that it can oscillate transversely to its longitudinal axis.

This is provided in particular on the corner of a ship. Of which will also assumed in the following.

A boat can on the TraZ arrangement with its bow towards the ship or be arranged with its stern towards the ship, this direction in particular denotes the Lae in the water. The latter arrangement is advantageous for putting down a Boat, which is then quickly released from the ship, while a boat to take up with moves its bow onto the support structure.

The support arrangement advantageously has at least one amidships pivotable carrier on which transverse bearings are arranged. Here are the transverse bearings of the support arrangement in particular with profiled transverse supports for receiving of the boat. These cross supports are shaped so that they support the hull of the boat lead to the center of the support assembly when recording.

It is advantageous that two, in particular parallel, beams are provided, which are pivotably mounted in the davit arms and connected to one another are.

This creates a frame-like arrangement, the front and can be open at the rear if the profiled cross supports between these beams are provided.

When using two carriers, however, there is another advantageous embodiment in that a net for receiving the boat is arranged between the two carriers is.

Such a net, for example made of perlon ropes, can be used by the boat catches with safety and adapts to the shape of the boat. Here, the support arrangement at least in the front area, but especially in the front and rear, by means of cross braces be connected. However, it is also included that the girders are expediently V- or U-shaped. are arranged and the closed end of the support assembly directed towards the ship is.

In the version with a rear end of the support arrangement lies an advantageous embodiment in that at its rear end a towering Bearing support is arranged to intercept a Beotsendes, stern or bow.

This bearing support catches the boat when it is picked up or lowered, before it's in the water.

This is particularly advantageous when in the preferred embodiment the support arrangement with respect to the longitudinal center line between its stern and the longitudinal center is pivotably mounted. This allows the support arrangement when it is set down or swivel in an oblique direction to the davit arms when recording, in which one end of the boat is higher than the other.

This is particularly the case with the arrangement of a runner or a pair of runners at the front end of the support assembly.

This is useful in one embodiment and can also depend on the length the davit arm or the height of the boat deck and the size of the boats.

In an advantageous embodiment, the support arrangement is at the front end at least one roll protruding downwards and forwards and on the bulwark of the ship an oblique, possibly arched in cross-section up convex track intended for this role.

This facilitates the deployment and insertion of the support assembly on the boat deck relieved. It must be taken into account that this does not at least play a role steps forward in a disruptive or space-reducing manner when a boat is released or taken up in the water will. It is also useful to have roller guides for the at least one in the track Runners arranged.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, there are two runners provided, which are possibly executed in pairs and of which one on front end of the support structure and the other at the rear end of the support structure attacks. A winch arrangement is provided on the ship, the one in front and rear runners or pairs of runners at different speeds drives to move the support assembly approximately horizontally to hold, but at least to lead in a pivoting position in relation to the davit arms.

For this purpose, a winch can be used in an advantageous configuration be designed with two cable drums of different diameters, the cable drum larger diameter for front runners than the cable drum for rear runners having. Also other means of setting different speeds are included.

The davit arms are advantageously curved or kinked in this way AusPefiges that the ends having the joints for the support arrangement are opposite another area of the davit arms ascending in their horizontal arrangement run or the davit arms curved concavely in the raised state towards the writing are. As a result, the support arrangement is practically supported from below in the water. It it goes without saying that a stop is provided for the lowest position of the support arrangement, which can be arranged in addition to the runner.

Another advantageous embodiment is, in particular, in addition to the already mentioned bearing support in that at the front end of the support assembly a particular rod-shaped upright support is arranged and between this and the boat has a fan device that automatically opens and closes when it is floated in is arranged. In itself, when such a rod-shaped support is arranged included lashing the boat by hand.

The mentioned safety device is therefore useful because a automatic connection when swimming in takes place.

In a preferred embodiment, the safety device is made of a Scissors arrangement with two extending beyond their joint and in a closed position State forming a space widening in the shape of a wedge in the direction of extent Running scissor arms, between which a spring arrangement is provided and the behind the room a closed and openable catch opening for a support form. Such a safety device can be attached to the bow and / or stern of the boat be.

Even with the execution of the davit from two davit arms, which are in separate Bearings on the ship's wall are supported so that they can pivot, these davit arms are through Strut designed as an inherently rigid composite, so that there is always one with respect to the bearing axis of the support arrangement defined guidance is achieved, even if slider attack on one side only.

Also included is a boat with a fan device of the type described Art. In particular, a davit harness with the features described is created, which is a rigid composite of two davit arms with storage devices on both Has ends, being arranged on the bearing device at a distance from one another Ends that are pivotable with respect to a ship, pivotable a support assembly is stored as a safety gear and support device for the boat in the described Way is executed.

The invention is explained below on the basis of exemplary embodiments, which are shown in the drawing.

The drawings show: FIG. 1 a schematic side view of a ship's stern with an attached davit harness according to the invention in different Positions, Figure 2 is a stern view of the ship according to Figure 1 with retracted Davit harness, Figure 3 is a partial representation as a plan view of the bow of a boat to explain a particular embodiment of a safety device, FIG. 4 a view corresponding to FIG. 1 of a modified embodiment, Fig. 5 is a partial side view with another embodiment of a support arrangement, FIG. 6 shows a plan view of FIG. 5, FIG. 7 shows a rear part view corresponding to FIG. 2 with a network.

In Fig. 1, a ship stern 1 is partially shown in side view. The waterline is marked 2.

A stern view, in particular the mirror 3 of the ship, results from Fig. 2.

A little above the waterline, there are two bearings 14, 5 on the transom 3, for example in the form of projecting bearing jaws, arranged between which on each one pivot pin 6, 7 a davit arm 8, 9 is pivotably mounted in each case. Both davit arms are Connected to a rigid composite by struts 10, 11. The length the davit arm is chosen so that it is in the retracted state as shown in FIG the boat deck 12 is enough. The davit arms are, as shown in Fig.

1 shows, bent out so that their pivotable ends 13, 14 lie above the boat deck in the swiveled-in state. In the ship's wall In particular in the Reli on the deck, recesses 1f, 16 can be provided in order to the lower hinged sections of the davit arms 8, 9 close directly to the mirror 3 keep. A recessed arrangement of the bearings 4, 5 and corresponding is also included Recesses in the mirror for retracting the davit arms.

The kinked or a corresponding arcuate shape of the Davit arms 8, 9 has the advantage, as can be seen from Fig. 1 bottom left, that a support arrangement 17 mounted between the pivotable ends from below is supported in the water.

As can be seen in particular from Fig. 2, are in the pivotable Ends of the davitar arms 8, 9 two storage devices 18, 19 are provided in which, for example the support arrangement 17 is suspended in a pendulous manner on bearing journals 20, 21 aligned with one another is.

The support arrangement 17 consists in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 from two beams 22, 23, which run parallel to each other and with the ship and are connected to one another by means of profiled cross supports 24, 25. A cross support 24 can also be seen in FIG. In it is a rear cross connection for this purpose 26 omitted, which can be seen from Fig. 1 bottom left and in the middle of the support arrangement has a towering bearing support 27 for supporting the boat stern.

The front ends of the two carriers 22, 23 are through at least an axis 28 connected on which a roller 29 is rotatably mounted, which according to protrudes from the frame of the support assembly at the front and bottom. This role comes with Swiveling in and out on the boat deck of the ship with a provided on its edge and downwardly curved arcuate raceway 30 in contact and contributes to a stabilizing guidance of the support arrangement 17 in the area of the boat deck. In particular when it is placed on the boat deck, the roller 29 runs in a position intended for it Guide, while the rear end of the support assembly 17 is carried by the davit arms 8, 9 will.

In this context, it should be noted that the storage device 18, 19 of the davit arms with corresponding bearing parts 31, 32 on the beams 22, 23 or cooperate at all of the support assembly 17 in an area between the longitudinal center of the support arrangement and the rear end, i.e. facing away from the ship lies. When the boat 33 is taken up and the same is evenly supported the illustrated support assembly 17 endeavors with the front facing the ship Pivot the end downwards.

In the embodiment shown, the support arrangement is at the front end 17, a runner or runner pair 34 is arranged, which via roller guides 35 on the arcuate track 30 is guided to a deck winch 36. By these runners 34 can therefore be determined the position of the support arrangement 17 between the davit arms. A knocking out of the front end of the support assembly 17 down is in the The arcuate design of the davit arms prevents the roller 29 from being a Finds abutment on the strut 11 between the davit arms.

When a boat 33, as shown in Fig. 1, swims in and out is located above the lowered support arrangement 17 guided in the water, it is when Lifting the support assembly added. The correct position of the boat is in this Relation initially secured by the fact that at the front end of the support arrangement an upwardly directed support 62, possibly in the form of a rod, is arranged. This support is through a supporting structure at the front end the center line of the support assembly 17 held. Either the boat will with his Bow on this support approximately in a position as shown in Fig. 1 bottom left shown is, lashed or automatically by a safety device 37 provided on the boat established, as will be described with reference to FIG. 3. After this determination, which pendulums according to the movements of the water become the davit arms raised by actuation of the runner or runners 34, so that the support arrangement the Boat by means of the cross supports 24, 25 takes over and the boat stern from the towering Bearing support 27 is secured. For example, such a position is the recorded Boat recognizable in the dashed representation at 3D '.

This rear securing of the boat is in the design described according to Fig. 1 particularly important because when you press the only arranged in the front area Runner 34 the davit arms or their fork-shaped union, over the support arrangement 17 is taken, which in the transition, as shown at 17 ', a diagonally after adopts position facing upwards. In this, the boat 33 is attached to the support arrangement held by the bearing support 27 or by the safety gear 37, if not another receptacle is used for the boat 33, as will be described.

There is an additional one between the davit arms 8, 9 and the ship Fuse that limits the greatest possible lowering of the davit arms 9. This backup can consist of a stop in the bearings 4, 5 or just a schematic arranged strop 38 between the ship and the davit arms 8, 9.

In this embodiment it can be seen that the support arrangement 17 also could only consist of a central beam on which the cross supports 24, 25 are arranged.

The design with two beams is preferred.

The safety gear 37 is shown on the bow of the boat 33 especially (X). At the bow, a scissor arm 39 is rigidly arranged, which one to the front the bow has protruding leg 40. At this fixed scissor arm is means of a pivot pin 41, another, correspondingly designed scissor arm 42 can be pivoted stored, which has a scissor arm 43 directed forward. Both scissor arms have rearwardly directed lugs 44, 45, between which a compression spring 46 is attached is.

In the closed state shown, the scissor arms 40, 43 limit through their inner edges 47, 48 a forward, for example over 900, extending free space ending at 49 at a point where the overlap closed scissor arms. Behind the overlapping sections the scissor arms have essentially semicircular and mutually facing cutouts 50, 51, which delimit a circular catch opening 52 in the closed state, which supports 6, which are made with a considerably smaller diameter? can accommodate.

When retracting the boat 33 is controlled so that the support between reaches the forward diverging edges 47, 48 and when approaching at 49 the pivotable scissor arm 42 rotates so that the support is then in the catch opening 52 where it's captured.

When floating down the boat 33, the approach 45 is for example pressed by hand on the attachment 44 of the other scissor arm fixed in the boat.

Fig. 4 shows a solution comparable to that of FIG. 1, so that also the same reference numerals are used for the same parts (x) in FIG. 3 are. According to FIG. 4, however, apart from the runners 34, denoted in FIG. 4 as front runners, rear runners 53 arranged in pairs, in particular, are also provided. These runners 53 grip, for example, between the rear cross support 24 and the bearing support 27 on the support arrangement 17.

Both runners or pairs of runners 34, 53 are at different speeds caught up or lowered, so that an inclination of the support assembly as they is present in Fig. 1 with 17 'for the central area, is avoided. For example the support arrangement at 17 in FIG. 4 assumes a flatter position.

For actuating the front and rear runners at different speeds the deck winch 36 has, for example, two cable drums 54, 55 with different Diameters, which thus revolve at different peripheral speeds.

The front runners are around the cable drum 55 with a larger Wound diameter. This arrangement is coordinated so that the support arrangement 17 always remains approximately in a horizontal position. This also includes that on the boat deck / §r the rear runners 53 arranged on an elevated storage Guide roller 56 is provided, which also acts on the rear runner 53 the position of the davit arms 8, 9 approaching the advanced position improves.

Figures 5 and 6 show a side view of another support arrangement 57, which, according to FIG. 6, has a U-shaped frame 58 which is open to the rear and its Legs 59, 60 mounted in the davit arms 8, 9 in the manner already described are. The arrangement of a roller 29 and a support 62 at the front end are included.

x = at least In the frame is in execution According to FIGS. 5 and 6, 7 a net 61 is suspended, which the boat 33 receives. A such a network could also be between the two carriers 31, 32 according to i1ig. 2 arranged be, with a rear cross brace also to intercept the upstanding bearing support of the boat stern. 5 and 6 show, on the one hand, the arrangement of a Network itself and, on the other hand, in this context also an additional design option a frame for the support assembly.

In addition, the network 61 can also be designed so that it is on his rear end a transverse bracing between the frame legs 59, 60 or carriers 22, 23 to thereby secure the position of the boat.

When the roller 29 is arranged close to the frame 5, as in FIG shows, the network 61 is expediently suspended on lateral longitudinal struts, of which one is designated by 64 in FIG. These longitudinal struts run above the frame 58 and are held in this by means of lateral supports, two of which are shown in FIG 5 are denoted by 65 and 66.

It should be noted that there is also a swell for the deck winch consequence can be provided.

In the exemplary embodiments, the boat 33 is in the area of the waterline shown with the buz to the ship. It should be noted that the reverse is also possible Arrangement of the boat is included, whereby it is also reserved to a safety device 37 to be attached to the stern of the boat.

- Leersejte -

Claims (19)

Claims 1. Ship with launchable boats, especially lifeboats, which are hung on davit arms, which can be pivoted outboard, especially on the The stern of the hull is stored approximately at the level of the waterline and through at least a runner, in particular steel wire, are connected to a deck winch, thereby characterized in that on dn davit arms (8, 9) a pivotable under the boat Carrying arrangement (17, 57) is arranged, which at one, in particular the front end, a support (62) for fixing the boat (33), and that the at least a runner (34, 53) engages the front end of the support assembly (17, 57). 2. Ship according to claim 1, characterized in that the support arrangement (17) has at least one pivotable carrier extending amidships, on which cross supports (24, 25) are arranged. 3. Ship according to claim 2, characterized in that the support arrangement (17) is designed with profiled cross supports (24, 25) for receiving the boat. 4. Ship according to one of claims 1 - 3, characterized in that that two particularly parallel supports (22, 23; 59, 60) are provided, which in the davit arms (8, 9) are pivotably mounted and connected to one another. 5. Ship according to claim 4, characterized in that between the a net (61) for receiving the boat is arranged on both carriers (22, 23; 59, 60) is. 6. Ship according to claim 5, characterized in that the two Carrier (59, 60) V- or U-shaped as legs of the correspondingly shaped frame (58) are arranged. 7. Ship according to one of claims 1 - 6, characterized in that that at the rear end of the support arrangement (17, 57) a towering bearing support (27) is arranged to intercept the boat. 8. Ship according to one of claims 1 - 7, characterized in that the support arrangement (17, 57) with respect to the longitudinal center line between its stern and the longitudinal center is pivotably mounted. 9. Ship according to one of claims 1 - 8, characterized in that that at the front end of the Traz arrangement (17, 7) at least one down and forward protruding role (29) and on the bulwark of the ship an oblique, if necessary arc-shaped in cross-section, upwardly convex raceway (30) provided for this role are. 10. Ship according to claim 9, characterized in that in the career (30) also arranged roller guides (35) for the at least one runner (3, 53) are. 11. Ship according to one of claims 1 - 10, characterized in that that on the davit arms (5, 9) a stop (strut 11) for the front end the support arrangement (17, 57) is provided. 12. Ship according to one of claims 1 - 10, characterized in that that two runners (314, 53) are provided, which optionally leads out in pairs are and of which one (314) at the front end of the support assembly (17, 57) and the other (53) at the rear end of the support assembly (17, 57) engages, and that on the Ship a winch assembly (36) is provided which the front and rear runners (34, 53) or pairs of walkers at different speeds. 13. Ship according to claim 12, characterized in that the boat deck (12) at least one for rear runners (53) arranged on a raised bearing Leadership role (56) is provided. 114. Ship according to claim 12, characterized in that a winch (36) is designed with two cable drums (54, 55) of different diameters, wherein the cable drum (55) for front runners larger diameter than the cable drum for rear runners (53). 15. Ship according to one of claims 1 - 14, characterized in that that the davitar arms (8, 9) are curved or bent in such a way that the ends having the joints (18, 19, 20, 21) for the support arrangement (17, 57) against another area of the davit arms (8, 9) in their horizontal arrangement run upwards or the davit arms (8, 9) in a raised state towards the ship are curved concavely. 16. Ship according to one of claims 1-15, characterized in that that between a front support (62) of the support assembly (17, 57) and the boat (33) a safety catch that automatically opens and closes when swimming in (37) is arranged. 17. Ship according to claim 16, characterized in that the safety device (37) from a scissors arrangement with two extending beyond their joint (41) and in the closed state a wedge shape in the direction of extension expanding Space-forming scissor arms (40, 43) is designed, between which a spring arrangement (46) is provided and the one behind the room is a closed and open-ended one Form a catch opening (52) for a support (62). 18. Ship according to one of claims 1 - 17, characterized in that that the davit arms (8, 9) can be pivoted as an inherently rigid composite at the stern of the ship are stored. 19. Davit harness for a ship according to one of claims 1, 10, 12 - 14, ze is characterized by a rigid connection between two davitar arms (8, 9) with storage devices (4, 5, 18, 19) at both ends, whereby on the bearing device (18, 19) at a distance mutually arranged ends (13, 14) which pivot with respect to a ship are pivotably mounted a support assembly (17, 57) which, according to one of the Claims 2-9, 11 and 15-18 is executed.