DE3123386A1 - DRY CLEANING MACHINE - Google Patents

Description

Dry cleaning machine

The invention relates to improvements in dry cleaning machines. Usually, when viewing clothes with a dry cleaning machine, the clothes are cleaned placed in a washing drum driven by a drive source at a low drum revolution speed and then the liquid is washed by centrifugal force by rotating the drum at high speed removed. However, this has the disadvantages that when the liquid is removed, the clothing is partially is there and is not evenly distributed in the washing drum, therefore a large vibration force from the Partial load of the clothes is generated in the washing drum, which not only shortens the service life of the machine but also the vibration of the machine spreads over the installation foundation and thus a vibration nuisance causes.

The countermeasures taken against it are divided into three basic concepts.

(i) reducing the partial load of the clothes in the drum; (ii) stop vibration of the machine installation foundation, and
(iii) Reinforcing the installation foundation.

An example of these countermeasures (i) is that when rotating (compensating rotation) in a cleaning machine with a horizontal rotating shaft before removing the The clothes in the washing drum have a centrifugal acceleration of practically 1 g for a given liquid Time assumes. With this countermeasure, the

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Partial load of clothing will be reduced to about half, but occasionally also a large partial load generated. Therefore, one cannot speak of a sufficient countermeasure.

Furthermore, the example with measure (ii) is known, in which the whole machine is elastically supported by an anti-vibration support consisting of springs and dampers or only the washing drum part is elastically supported. This countermeasure increases the size the vibration transmitted from the machine to the foundation is reduced to a fraction of the usual size and the vibration annoyance is completely eliminated. On the other hand, however, the amplitude of the vibration is all around elastically worn machine or washing drum larger, the pipeline in the machine will leak and the fasteners get loose. Thus, this countermeasure cannot be called sufficient either.

In the example of countermeasure (iii), the machine is Installed on the foundation of a large concrete block to reduce the vibration of the floor. However, she has the disadvantage that in order to obtain a counter-vibration effect, the cost of the foundation is very high.

The invention improves a dry cleaning machine with regard to the difficulties with all the disadvantages and the countermeasures of the previous machines and relates to a machine that is characterized by that several sealed chambers are attached to a washing drum which is rotated by a drive, wherein means senses the vibration of the washing drum; and means means a fluid, i.e. a liquid for delivering given amounts of the fluid to the

mentioned chambers on the basis of the locking device determined results.

The invention also relates to a method for preventing vibration of the dry cleaning machine.

The invention is explained using an exemplary embodiment with the aid of the drawings. In these is:

Figure 1 is a general view of an essential part in vertical section;

Figure 2 is a section on line A-A of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a section on line B-B of Figure 1;

Figure 4- is an illustration of the relationship between the revolutions of the washing drum and the level of vibration on the foundation;

FIG. 5 shows a representation of the determined values of the so obtained by a partial load of the clothing in the position of Figure 3 and the vibration Representation of the setting signals of the foundation;

Figure 6 shows the balance weight factors of liquid added to each chamber;

Figure 7 shows the relationships between the time to peel off the fluidity and weight of clothing and fluid;

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FIG. 8 shows an example of the automatic equalization schedule according to the invention;

FIG. 9 shows the washing times, the partial loads and the vibration values in the arrangement according to FIG of the invention in comparison with conventional machines;

. Fig. 10 shows another example of the automatic equalization schedule; the

FIGS. 11 and 12 serve to explain a further example of the invention

Figure 11 is a general view of an essential Partly in cut;

Figure 12 is a section on line G-G in Figure 11;

FIG. 13 shows a block diagram of the anti-vibration system at the other example according to the invention;

FIG. 14 shows an enlarged illustration of part of the Computer of Figure 13;

FIG. 15 is a vertical section showing details of the device for delivering the fluid of Figure 13;

Figure 16 is a section on the line D-D in Figure 15; the

Figure 17 (A), (B) and (G) show signal waveforms of the respective parts in Figures I3 and 14;

Figure 18 is a block diagram of the anti-vibration effects this facility;

Figure 19 is a block diagram of a partial load measurement method in the machine of the invention; and

Figure 20 is a characteristic diagram of the output of the square analog filter.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, a rotating washing drum 1 has several (here three) sealed chambers 2,2 'and 2 ", which are evenly spaced on the outer edge the drum are arranged. The rotating shaft 3 of the drum 1 is held in bearings 4 and 5 and is supported by a (not shown) drive via a roller 6 driven at its outer end and the drum 1 in given Direction rotates and is attached at its inner end together with the chambers 2, 2 ", 2".

On the outer edge of the rotating shaft 3 (Figure 1) are Swivel joints 7, 8 and 9 for a liquid. The swivel joint 10 is intended for air. Along the fluid paths the axial direction (vertical to the paper surface in Fig 2) lie in the rotating shaft 3 (Figure 2). The airway 12 is located in the axial direction in the middle of the shaft 3 and stands with the Aufienende of the mentioned rotary connection at the outer end with the rotary joint for air and on Inner end in connection with the chambers 2, 2 'and 2 ". The vibration locking device 13 (vibration detector) is located on the outside of the upper part of a housing K which contains the drum 1. The vibration of the Partial load 14 · of the clothes in the drum 1 is determined by the vibration detector 13 (Figure 3).

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A base point detector 15 is attached to the housing (FIG. 1) 'whose signal is to be given to the washing drum 1 by this detector 15. A computer 16 is electrical with the vibration detector 13 * with the Valves 17, 17 "and 17" and with a valve 18 for air tied together.

The valves 17,17 'and 17 "for the liquid are located in the paths of the pipelines that are each connected to one of the chambers 2, 2 'and 2 ", so that at Valves 17, 17 'and 17 "opened by the computer for a certain time for the liquid liquid quantities can be introduced into the respective chambers.

Awake removing the liquid and a centrifugal force of the liquid in chambers 2, 2 ′ and 2 ″ to more than 1 g, the air valve 18 opens and is compressed Air passes through the swivel joint 10 for air and the air path 12 via pressure into the chambers 2, 2 * and 2 ". The liquid in the chambers 2, 2 'and 2 "can then flow out these are pushed out.

In one embodiment of the dry cleaning machine, the vibration is initially applied at several revolutions (Number of mean liquid removal revolutions) measured on the drum at which the centrifugal acceleration caused by the clothing in the drum is greater than 1g and the vibration is so low that it is not a problem. FIG. 5 shows the detected vibration values and those from the vibration detector 15 and the base point detector 15 base point signals obtained with partial load of the clothing, which is located at the point 14- according to FIG. 3, In the drawing, T is the time for which the drum makes one revolution and t is the time difference

fc *

between the vibration maximum determination and the base point determination. According to Figure 5 are the size the part load and the angle 0 between the base point and the part load given by:

Partial load = Ciχ Ε

where an experimentally determined constant and E der Vibration amplitude is inversely to the electrical quantity.

Angle (rad.) «Cc - t / T. 2 TC

where oc is the angle between the base point detector and the vibration detector.

Figure 6 shows a partial load (in kg) of the clothing F is the weight of the equalizing load (in kg) through the in the Chamber 2 introduced liquid (F = 0 in Figure 6) F ' is the weight of chamber 2 'and F "is the weight of the equalizing load (in kg) caused by those entering chamber 2" Liquid.

According to FIG. 7, the clothes contain a lot of liquid at medium liquid removal revolutions and the part load is greater than the shift time to the fluid removal revolutions. In this example of the schedule for the automatic equalization of Figure 8, it is assumed that the liquid with the partial load is offset as the revolutions become the fluid removal revolutions at medium revolutions move.

The equalizing loads P, P ¹ and P ", - which are caused by the liquid given into the chambers 2, 2 'and 2", result when the revolutions to the liquid

- 11 -

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distance rotations are shifted to:

P - Z. P; P ¹ = E. P ¹ ; and P "- K. F" where K is an experimentally determined constant.

The amounts of liquid to be given into the chambers 2, 2 'and 2 "are calculated by the computer 16 from these equalizing load values and the liquid is poured into the corresponding Chambers 2, 2 'or 2 "by opening the respective valves 1 ?, 17' and 17" for correcting entered the inequality due to the partial load of the necessary time.

This process is repeated two or three times if necessary. When reducing the remaining partial load to less than a given value, the revolutions are shifted to the liquid removal revolutions. Through this Here the given value is not a constant value, but a value obtained by multiplying the first determined partial load (CE) is obtained by a constant less than 1.

After shifting turns to distance turns the liquid contained in the clothing is drawn off further and the remaining partial load is again greater. Therefore, the vibration with the liquid removal turns becomes to correct the inequality measured.

At the end of the dehydration, the revolutions shifted back to the medium dehydration revolutions. While the liquid in the «respective Chambers 2, 2 'and 2 "will depend on the outer walls

- 12 -

the corresponding valves I7. 17 ¹ and 17 "are opened and compressed air is introduced into chambers 2, 2 'and 2" and the liquid is directed out of these chambers.

FIG. 10 ″ shows another embodiment of the schedule of the automatic balancing of the cleaning machine according to the invention. As soon as the washing is finished, in this example the revolutions are shifted towards the dehumidifying revolutions in order to correct the imbalance The respective chambers 2, 2 'and 2 "are _{calculated from the values of the described equalizing loads F 1,} F ¹ and F ^M , the liquid is fed into the respective chambers for the necessary time by opening the valves I7, 17 · and I7", and the imbalance is eliminated can be corrected.

Figure 9 shows the difference in practical effects between the cleaning machines according to the invention and a common machine. Here the solid line reproduces the remaining imbalance while working of the invention and the dashed line represents the residual imbalance of the conventional machine. The dash-dot line represents the foundation vibration value when working according to the invention and the two-dash line represents the foundation vibration value of the conventional machine. According to the invention, the residual imbalance becomes less less than 1/5 of that of the conventional machine, the foundation vibration value becomes more than 14 db lowered and the foundation vibration problems can be completely resolved.

- 13 -

0 if. n « λ« ** a β ^ β · ι «Ρ 5

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At the end of the fluid removal, the fluid in chambers 2, 2 'and 2 "is pressed out of the chambers. Therefore there is an advantage in a cleaning machine which, after draining off the liquid, dries clothes with the wind that no excessive heat is consumed.

In this way, in this embodiment, the air path 12 can become a fluid path. The valves 17, 17 'and 17 "are reversed for compressed air, a liquid becomes upon entry into the chambers 2, 2' and 2 "is poured through swivel 10 and path 12, compressed air is poured into the through valves 17» 17 'and 17 "is fed into the chambers by means of a signal coming from the computer, and amounts of fluid in the chambers are thereby deducted to correct the imbalance.

Another embodiment of the machine according to the invention is shown in FIGS. There are given amounts of liquid when entering the chambers 2, 2a and 2b included, which via connecting pipes 19, 19a and 19b are in communication and the valves I7, 17 'and 17 "are intended for air. The air valves are opened and closed by a signal from the computer 16 and certain amounts of compressed air are so fed into the respective chambers 2, 2a and 2b to the Set amounts of fluid in the respective chambers. This eliminates the need for the swivel joint 10 for air, the air path 12 and the valve 18 for air.

Each chamber contains about 2/3 the volume of the chamber. With valves 17, I7 ¹ and I7 ¹ 'open for a fixed period of time, the air pressure in the chambers will fluctuate and quantities of liquid in the

_ 14 -

Chambers can be moved between the respective ¹¹ chambers.

The invention also relates to a device for preventing vibration of a rotating drum, which is characterized in that several closed chambers are provided on the edge of the drum, that position locking members respond to these chambers that a position locking device is provided on the fixed side and the passage of the aforementioned position detection members indicates that an amplitude detection device is the amplitude the rotating drum synchronously with the signal of the position detection device indicates that the closed Chambers with a fluid based on the detection signals of the position detection device and the amplitude detection device are supplied and that a feed device for a fluid individually the Supplies fluid to the chambers on the basis of the aforementioned working circuit.

An embodiment according to the invention is shown in FIGS.

In Figures 13 to 16 and 21 is a rotating drum loosely inserted into a fixed drum 22, the chambers 23, 23a and 23b are in the same shape in Central angles of 120 degrees along the edge of the rotating drum 21 attached accordingly, the position markings, 24-, 24a and 24b protrude from the chambers 23, 23a and 23b and rotate as a whole with the drum 21. A vibration detector 25 is located on the fixed drum 22 and detects the vibration of the drum. The amplifier 26 is an amplifier that provides the output

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the vibration detector is amplified. An ad converter 27 digitally inverts the output of amplifier 26. A position detector 28 is located in the same place like the vibration detector 23 on the fixed drum 22 and establishes the passage of the position marks 24, 24a and 24b protruding from the rotating drum 21, and a position reader 29 acts on the exit of the position detector 28 and reads the difference between the position markings 24, 24a and 24b.

The computer 31 acts on the respective outputs of the Ad converter 27 · The position reading device 29 and a Timers 30 operate the closed chambers to which the fluid is to be directed to the Amounts of fluid supplied. An institution 32 regulates a liquid supply device 33 with the Computer output 31

The pipes 34 ·, 34a and 3 ^ -b carry the fluid from the supply device 33 to the chambers 23, 23a and 23b.

The synchronizing device 35 sets the digital signal to the ad converter 27 only on and off when the Output signal of the reading device 29 is received. The memory means 36 for the vibration signal stores the data of the ad converter 27 that have been recorded by the synchronization device. A working and Storage device 37 processed for the average value and stores the average vibration amplitude values of the attitude marks 24, 24a and 24b from FIGS Vibration storage device data 36. A device determines and stores a fluid in

- 16 -

the chamber 38, which is to be supplied with the fluid, to the imbalance of the rotating Drum derived from the average vibration amplitude out of the average value means 37 to compensate. Means 39 operates and stores that from the averaging and storing means 37 to the chamber to be conducted fluid and the outlet, device 38 is used to determine and store of the fluid that is directed into the chamber.

A device 40 processes and monitors the liquid feed time, in order to provide the liquid-supplied chamber with the supplied liquid, which comes from the Liquid originates, which feeds the device 39, which processes and stores the amount, and monitors that from the clock generator 30, the device 32, which is the liquid transfer device controls the operating signal to the liquid supply device from the operating time mentioned 33 there.

A hollow shaft 41 is axially attached to the stationary drum 22 in bearings 42 and 43 so as to be pivotable. At one end it is firmly connected to the rotating drum 21 and provided with a roller 44 at the other end. The hollow shaft 41 has fluid paths forming the conduits 34, 34a and 34b that communicate with the chambers 23, 23a and 23b are in communication.

The swivel joints 45, 46 and 47 are fluid-tight the hollow shaft 41 on the side of the stationary drum 22 and is in communication with the respective pipelines 34, 34a and 34b. The air swivel 48 is attached to the right end of the hollow shaft 41.

- 17 -

The solenoid valves 49, 49a and 49b regulate the fluid and the solenoid valve 50 the air supply. An equivalent outer edge load 51 (referred to here as the partial load is generated by rotating the rotating drum 21.

In such a device, when the rotating drum 21 rotates, the vibration of this drum, the caused by the partial load generated with the rotation of the drum, from the vibration detector 25 detected and amplified by the amplifier 26, then converted into a digital signal by the ad converter 27 and finally given to the computer 31.

On the other hand, the position detector 28 distinguishes the detection signals through the position marks 24, 24a and 24b of the rotating drum 21. These signals are transmitted via the Position reading device 29 adapted and then into the computer J1 given.

According to FIG. 14, the digital signal of the AD converter 27 is fed into the synchronizing device 35 and the output signal of the position reading device 29 has the waveforms according to FIG. 17 (A) and (B). The output of the synchronizing device 35, d-is only takes out the output from the AD converter 27 when the output signal of the position reading device 35 is set, should have the waveform according to FIG. 17 (C). If the data 52, 53, 54-, 55, 56 and ^ received from the synchronizer 35 become x ^ / p Xpi » ^X 31» ^X 12 ^{l X} 22 ^{un <} ^ ^X 52 S ^emac l ¹ ' fc, the data obtained the h time are grounded by 3C- | _n ? Xpn ^{and X} 3n shown. Here is X _- -. (i = 1 to n) the vibration amplitude corresponding to the position marking 24 in FIG. In

- 18 -

same way are 3G ,. (i = 1 to n) and x, _i (i = »1 to n) vibration amplitude values that correspond to the respective position marking · 2% or. 24b.

The average vibration amplitude is in the device 37 for operating and storing the average value basically actuated by the following formulas (1) to (3). When setting up this For example, for the sake of convenience, y = A as the vibration detected by the vibration detector sin (alt + 0), the formulas are:

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X ₁ - (2 X ₁₁ ) Zn (1)

_ η
X ₂ «( _± £ _χ X _2i ) / n (2)

η
X ₃ - ( _± £ i X _3i ) / n (3)

X ₂ - X ₂ - d / 3 Γ (5)

X ₃ - X ₃ - d / 3 ■ '"..'. (6)

where d is - X ₁ + X ₂ ⁺ ~ ^X 3 C7).

In this embodiment, the values of the average _{vibration amplitudes X 1, X 2} and X represent the respective values when they are the detected values of the positional marks 24, 24a and 24b.

The device 38 for determining and storing the chamber supplied with a fluid (FIG. 14) determines the supply of the fluid to the other chambers (23, 23a or 23b) which have the maximum value K (m = 1, 2 or 3) under X ^, X ₂ and X, pointing position marking correspond to «

For example, X becomes _x , greater than · Xp and X ^ that; Supply of the fluid to the other chambers 23a and 23b as determined for the chamber 23, the position marking and thus X ^. is equivalent to.

The actuation and storage device for the supply amount is to actuate the supply amounts by setting in X ^, X ₂ and X i. In this example these are formulas (8) to (10):

Amount of fluid supplied to chamber 23a

- k. (-2/3 (2X ₂ + X ₅ ) (8)

Amount of fluid supplied to chamber 23b

- kx (-2/3 (2X ₅ + X ₂ ) (9)

Amount of agent supplied to chamber 23

= 0 (10)

where k is a coefficient for converting the supply amount and those in parentheses () of formulas (8)

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- 20 -

and (9) set values are represented by the voltage values or the numbers of the bits and therefore in Volumes or weights of the fluid are converted and stored.

The device 40, which monitors the feed time actuated, converts the amount of liquid to be fed into the operating time of the solenoid valve. The device 32, which regulates the feed device, switches the solenoid valves 4-9, 49a and 49b on and off. The operating signal is suspended by the clock generator 40 in the feed device 32 for the operating time. Therefore be the amounts of liquid through the pipes 34, 34a and 34b are fed into chambers 23, 23a and 23b and the rotating drum 21 is balanced.

In Figure 18, the solid lines represent the antivibra- tion effects according to the invention. The partial load according to the invention decreases with the passage of time from one Value 60 to value 59 and from this to value The dashed line represents the partial load that occurs when the invention is not used.

In the dry cleaning machine according to the invention the partial load of the washing drum can be measured using the following procedure:

The vibration of the drum is called the vibratory force F, the represented by the formula (11), obtained by using an accelerometer, then the The output signal is amplified and only the signal corresponding to the partial load m is passed through a square analog filter with the characteristics of the following formula (12) taken!

F »mrw ² (11)

- 21 -

■ ο β> »#«

- 21 -

where F is the vibratory force, r is the radius of the drum and w is the angular velocity, and

^(K A ^w o> / ^(w o ^{+ 2} ^ ^w o ^lir ^ ^{1 +} 2 ^ 3i ~ ² ) ... 02)

where K. is an adjustment coefficient, w is an interruption frequency, ξ is a tamping coefficient, f is a frequency and J is equal to y ^ T.

Usually, when measuring this type of drum, the vibration of the rotating drum and the partial load on measured on the basis of this measured value. The accelerometer is thus used to measure the vibration the rotating drum. The output signal is saved as

ρ proportional to the vibration force F = mrw obtained, where3? in F a vibration force m an equivalent, conc trated partial load, r is a radius of the drum and w is the angular velocity of the drum. To measure the Partial load m must therefore be canceled w. In particular when the angular speed of the drum fluctuates which their correction are made, which is inconvenient »If the accelerometer output is proportional is the square of the angular velocity of the drum, there is also the disadvantage that at low angular velocity of the drum, the measured degree is low. This procedure can reduce the partial load of the drum can be easily and accurately determined regardless of the angular velocity.

The invention is explained with the aid of FIGS. 19 and 20.

First, the vibration of the rotating drum is expressed as the vibration force F using an acceleration

knife 62 removed. The vibration force F becomes

ρ
represented by the formula F = mrw, where r is the radius of the drum and w is the angular velocity. The signal detected by the accelerometer 62 is then amplified by an amplifier 63, the output characteristic of which is proportional to the angular velocity, as shown by the straight line a in FIG.

The ^: output signal of the amplifier 63 is fed to a «square analog filter 64- which has a characteristic according to the following formula:

(K _{A. W} 2) / ( _W 2 ₊ 2g W ₀ 2tjf ₊ 2 ir df)

where K .. is an adjustment coefficient, w an interruption

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frequency, £ a pitch coefficient and f a frequency is. This characteristic is shown as curve b in FIG.

The signal that has 64-gone through this square analog filter shows this output characteristic shown as curve c in FIG. When the interruption frequency w and the frequency f are chosen so that the angular velocity of the drum 61 in the flat part can reach curve c, the amplitude value which can be recognized by the output signal of the square analog filter 64- is thus proportional to the partial load m regardless of the angular velocity of the drum 61.

According to this method, using the filter 64 ×, the amplitude value is obtained which is proportional to the Partial load of the rotating drum is, without the correction being made by the angular velocity, and at lower Angular velocity improves the measurement accuracy,

Claims (4)

Claims (1.j dry cleaning machine, thereby g e- ^ - "Indicates that several closed Chambers (2,2 ', 2 ") attached to a washing drum (1) which is rotated by a drive (3) that a device (13) the vibration of the drum (1) detects and means (15) the supply of a liquid to the chambers on the basis of the Locking device (13) regulates the determined results. 2. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that that the chambers (2,2 ', 2 ") are continuously filled with a liquid and Amounts of compressed air in the chambers on the basis of which is passed by the locking device (13), to drain quantities of liquid from the chambers. TELEX: Ί-86Β44 Inven d TELEGRAM: INVENTION BERLIN TELEPHONE: BERUN 030 / 8Θ1 60 37 030/8913026 BANK ACCOUNT: BERLINER BANK Aa BERUN 31 3695716000 POSTSCHECKKONTa P MEISSNER BLN-W 404737-103 3. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that that the quantities of liquid are enclosed in the chambers (2,2 ', 2 "), that the chambers are in communication with one another by pipes and that given amounts of compressed air in the chambers is directed on the basis of the results determined by the detection device to to guide the liquid between the chambers. 4. Device for preventing the vibration of the rotating drum in a machine according to claim 1, characterized in that a device (29) for locking parts (24,24 ·, 24 ") which the chambers (23,2J ¹ , 23 "), and is located on the fixed side and the passage of the position entry . Stellteile determines that a device (35) synchronizes the amplitude of the rotating drum (21) with the detection signal of the position detection device (29) determines that the with a liquid to supplying chambers and an operating circuit the amounts of liquid supplied on the basis of the Control signals of the position adjusting device (29) and the amplitude locking device and a Liquid supply device (33) the liquid supplies to the chambers based on the output of the operating circuit. 5 · Method of measuring the partial load of a rotating Drum in a machine according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the vibration of the drum (21) is excluded as the vibrating force (F) represented by the formula (1) of an accelerometer is shown that then this output signal is amplified and finally only the signal corresponding to the partial load (m) is picked up by a square analog filter having the characteristics of formula (2), where the formulas are: F = rnrcu ² . (1) where F is a vibratory force, r is the radius of the barrel mel (21) and ω is the angular velocity, and 3f ² ) .... (2) where Κ _{Δ is} an adjustment coefficient, (O is an interruption frequency, ξ is a pitch coefficient, F is a frequency, and j is equal to, / - = - 1.