DE3041966C2 - Textile material made of at least partially synthetic fibers with laterally protruding projections, as well as a method and device for mechanical surface finishing of a textile material - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a textile material made of at least 20% by weight synthetic, in particular flattened or oval fibers with laterally protruding, curved sections and short projections as well as a A method and a device for mechanical surface finishing of a textile material to this one to give a softer surface with a desired grip.

It is known that textile material can be mechanically surface-finished on the right-hand side to achieve different To create surface effects, for example a surface that feels soft, a fiber blanket or cover layer or, in the case of filament yarns, a textile material made of spun fiber for the handle similar handle. About these mechanical surface finishing processes for the face of the textile material include roughening and grinding or sanding, the process used as well as the selected operating parameters both according to the desired effect and the type of equipment to be equipped Goods to be determined. The sanding of textile material, which is also called sanding in the professional world is generally carried out by known methods in which the goods over quickly rotating cylinders coated with an abrasive such as sandpaper corresponding degree of fineness or roughness. The abrasive grit that comes with the surface of the textile material come into contact for a certain period of time have an abrasive effect on the surface of the textile material onto the fibers and produce a fiber blanket which is generally shorter than that achievable by buffing Fiber blanket. In this generic manner known from GB-PS 11 54 829, a three-dimensional Patterns can be generated without having to use adhesives, printing ink or the like. The fibers are roughened by the abrasive or the threads forming the pile fabric sections are separated and cut through so that the three-dimensional pattern appears. The textile material is in stretched over the high-speed grinding rollers.

It is also known to guide the textile material to be roughed through a nip on one side is limited by a sanding roller. The textile material processed in this way often has to be sanded sheared or otherwise treated so that the pile has the desired evenness.

Well-known surface finishing processes often lead to the strength of the textile material suffering, when a significant change in appearance or feel is sought. Can also be used in finishing very stiff goods, e.g. B. made of polyester and cotton blends or pure polyester fabrics, in particular after your grinding, a streaky surface results, which is at least partly due to taut warp threads in the

Goods is evoked. In addition, it is often difficult to avoid these tight warp threads. Furthermore it is with many textile materials it is difficult to achieve a dense and uniform change in the surface of the goods. In the case of text materials made from relatively solid fibers, in particular from polyester fibers, this is achieved Fiber cover or cover layer often of low height, uneven and "curled", so that "· the surface aesthetically unappealing and the grip is little or no improvement

Also, the finishing processes can result in the pile being taller than desired and by shearing must be flattened again so that the textile material can also have a thin cover layer. at Using traditional methods, it is therefore very difficult to Dehaftele, with little or no errors, to produce uniformly surface-refined, fault-free goods of reproducible good quality. aside from that can. some, especially very light textile materials with the conventional methods at the The front side does not appear to have a surface finish at all.

From GB-PS 9 41 679 generic synthetic textile fibers are known which have a variety of im have substantial short, rather thick projections or fine ramifications. The special surface finishing work these fibers or threads are already made during their production by pulling the thread a shape with a corresponding cross-sectional profile or obtained by casting the threads. The single ones Continuous or staple fibers can also be cut or slit to open the branches mechanical way to achieve. An actually feasible commercial production of such fibers, how they are shown in the drawing cannot be found in the patent specification.

On the basis of the textile material mentioned at the outset, the invention is based on the object To create textile material that has a particularly good grip in the surface-finished areas and whose refinement is possible with justifiable machine effort. In addition, a process is intended for this purpose for mechanical surface finishing and a device for carrying out the method are specified will.

To solve this problem it is provided in the aforementioned textile material that at least one Surface of the textile material, the exposed, curved fiber sections at one end of chip grooves protruding, flap-like chips, the average length of which is preferably less than about 0.05 mm, exhibit.

A method according to the invention for obtaining such a textile material is with its design characterized in claims 3 to 6 An apparatus for performing this method results from claim 7. Advantageous embodiments are specified in claims 8 to 11.

The textile material according to the invention is after its further processing into a web in the mechanically surface-finished in the specified manner. The original thread structure is thereby modified changed that by hitting the web against the abrasive material, the abrasive grains parts of the Thread structure with the formation of flap-like projections and leaving behind corresponding chip grooves change on the fiber surface.

The invention enables a more uniform surface refinement than with the known methods, too if the textile material has taut warp threads. The formation of stripes is so slight that it is of no consequence or can even be avoided entirely. The process can be conveniently controlled or operational by changing it Parameters, equipment features can be set in a predetermined manner. Depending on the Operating conditions and the textile material, the surface finish can be achieved with little broken fibers although it can be very soft to the touch or, if necessary, a dense but very low one Has top layer. Depending on the properties of the textile material and the selected operating parameters, the The handle of the face side is suede-like or like cotton or the desirable properties of the wooly grip. These different results are not solely due to the type of fabric and in many cases can even be done with the same type of goods support by changing the operating parameters be achieved. It can be ensured that the textile material itself falls better into folds or If necessary, the treatment parameters can be set so that mainly only the surface grip is changed with little or no effect on the fall and the stiffness of the folds. It it was found that appearance and feel characteristics of goods treated according to the invention are in to a significant extent and to the desired extent of appearance obtainable by conventional methods and handle the goods.

It was also found that goods which are generally made by conventional processes are not at all could be surface-finished, according to the invention in an advantageous manner and without difficulties treats. For example, certain goods of light weight, such as. B. some Jersey knitted fabrics or knitted fabrics, are not sanded or at least not sanded using conventional methods, as these goods are with the tensile stress required for normal grinding tends to lead to a considerable reduction in thickness and at This product also runs the risk of wrapping itself around the grinding cylinder. In contrast, the Invention a better influence on the surface finishing. It turned out to be very much Have lightweight jersey knitted and knitted fabrics surface-refined according to the invention.

The material web can contain at least 20% by weight, but also at least 45% by weight, synthetic fibers, z. B. polyester or polyamide fibers. If not entirely made of plastic, the remaining part can be made of textile material Be made from natural fibers and even contain some non-fibrous materials. The fibers in the Textiles have a curvature and have convex and concave side portions. The exposed ones convex side sections of the fibers in the textile material, i.e. those on or near the material surface lying and not covered by other fibers show scratches and a to a considerable degree Variety of generally short, rather thick, lobe-like chips protruding from them. While the actual length and number of these chips according to the invention can be considerable can be changeable, depending on the type of textile material and the intensity of treatment, is fixed

it has been established that the average length of these chips, measured from their roots to their free ends, is im is generally small, e.g. B. is less than about 0.05 mm, preferably less than about 0.03 mm. How nice mentioned, it was also found that the degree of surface refinement of these exposed convex Side portions of the textile material can be variable depending on the composition. It is however, it appears that the change in such characteristics is significant and with a view to applying them to a very large product range is unique and can be easily determined if the changed product body with an untreated sample or with a sample of the same composition and Structure is compared which has been surface refined using conventional methods. A difficulty that is often encountered in the mechanical surface finishing of material webs follows from tight selvedges. These make the use of conventional grinding processes almost impossible, according to the method according to the invention, however, such goods can easily be refined.

Even goods with embossing equipment can be surface-finished using the process according to the invention, whereby a product with better feel and appearance in both the embossed and embossed ones Free areas create the undesirable "shiny" or "plastic" appearance in the embossed Areas is mitigated.

Goods made from continuous plastic fibers, e.g. B. of polyester fibers made by the method according to the invention may have many of the beneficial feel and appearance characteristics of staple fabrics and often also a desirable surface feel, which is normally obtained with goods made from fibers of finer denier deniers connected, accept. Textile material according to the invention can furthermore have improved adhesive properties exhibit. It can thus be achieved that they are better than using a suitable adhesive Untreated materials adhere to another material, for example a flat polyurethane material.

The surface changes achieved are shown very clearly in the examples described below

The shape of the chips has been described as lobe-like. This characterization is not intended to imply that individual chips are of an exactly identifiable and reproducible shape. The term "lobe" is used in Its usual meaning is used to denote a thin, flat scale or part of an individual Chips can also be quite irregular in shape and even great in length compared to their cross-sectional dimension. Nevertheless, the chips are on average rather short and rather flat Cross-section as having a particularly circular cross-section with which a real fibril could be identified.

In particular with regard to the preferred textile material according to the invention, it has also been established that that the cross-section of the fibers present on or near the surface of the textile material itself as a consequence mechanical surface treatment are often deformed, whereas the dimension of those remote from the surface Fibers may have remained undisturbed. This is in certain cases, e.g. B, where the sample is thin and hard, as "smearing" of synthetic fibers, which are inherently thermoplastic, has been observed. This Smearing can result from thermoplastic deformation. In addition, individual synthetic fibers can be attached or near the surface of the textile material actually as a result of the mechanical surface finishing be somewhat flattened. For example, if the cross-section of the individual fibers before the mechanical Surface refinement is approximately circular, it may be that after the mechanical surface refinement it is found that the cross-section has become oval

Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to schematic drawings

shows S.

F i g. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of a device for carrying out the method, |

F i g. 2 to 5 simplified representations of possible embodiments of means for intermittent j |

mechanical impact of the goods to be finished against a grinding surface, | J

F i g. 6 to 50 photomicrographs of various goods taken through a scanning electron microscope

rehearse. I ^

According to FIG. 1, a textile product web 10 to be treated is removed from a supply roll 1 with controlled tension |

voltage withdrawn and passed to guide rollers 2 and 3 which are fixed or loose and serve to the To steer the material web so that it moves approximately vertically in its further movement path and thereby on j |

so at least approximately the entire width with a lower guide plate 4a remains in contact which with a f | The upper guide plate 4b forms a first group of guide plates. The path of movement of the web 10g leads over the guide plate 4b between the product stabilizing bars 5a and 56 over a second j | Group of guide plates 6a and 60 to guide rollers 7 and 8, which deflect the web 10 in such a way that it can then be wound onto a goods winding roller 9.

The guide plate groups 4a, 4b and 6a, 6b are adjustable in both the horizontal and vertical directions i; their construction can vary within wide limits and, as extending from panels in the illustrated example, or by i U-profiles. Between the guide plates 4a, 4b and 6a, 6b , the web 10 runs between | Grinding cylinders 11 and 11a and corresponding impact or wing rollers 12 and 12a through. The grinding cycle | Linders 11 and 11a are treated with an abrasive, e.g. B. sand or sandpaper, coated, the grain size depending on | the desired effect described in more detail below can be different. The guide plates 4a, 4b, 6a and 6b are adjusted so that they position the web 10 exactly so that it passes close to the grinding cylinders 11 and 11a without touching them, except when they, as described in more detail below . ben, is struck by the action of the wing rollers 12 and 12a against the grinding cylinder 11 and 11a. I According to FIG. 1 flapping blades or wings are fastened to the wing rollers 12 and 12a with fastening means, |

namely on the wing roller 12 wings 13a, 13ά, 13c and i3d and on the wing roller 12a wings 13e, 13 /! 13g and | - 13Λ. The vanes 13a to 13d and 13e to 13Λ can be attached to the associated vane roller 12 or 12a, as in the example shown, by simply screwing them on so that when the vane roller 12 or j | 12a the plane of the wings 13a to 13i / or. 13e to 13Λ is approximately tangential to the vane roller 12 or 12a. If If?

the vane rollers 12 and 12a of the illustrated example are rotated rapidly, the centrifugal force causes the wings 13a to 13c / or 13ebis 13Λ protrude approximately radially from the associated wing roller 12 or 12a. The wings can also be built in such a way that they can also be used when the wing roller is at a standstill, i.e. when it is missing Centrifugal forces, protruding radially from the vane roller. The wings 13a to 13Λ can be selected from a variety appropriate reinforced or non-reinforced materials, e.g. B. made of neoprene rubber, Urethane, polyvinyl chloride, nylon, or made of steel and other sheet materials as well as made of them Composite materials of sufficient durability to achieve the desired result and Flexibility.

The vane rollers 12 and 12a are driven by a motor 14 via a drive shaft 24, pulleys 15,15a and 17, 17a, belts 16 and 16a and shafts 18 and 18a can be driven. The grinding cylinders il and 11a are of one Motor 19 via a drive shaft 25, pulleys 20, 20a and 22,22a, belts 21 and 21a and shafts 23 and 23a drivable.

The mode of operation is as follows: The grinding cylinders 11 and 11a rotate just like the wing rollers 12 and 12a. The distance between the latter and the associated grinding cylinder 11 or 11a is set so that the flights! 13a to I3.h with a non-existent material web 10 on the grinding cylinders 11 and 11a would impinge with a section of a predetermined size of the wing chord. When the device works with the material web 10 inserted, the wings 13a to 13Λ protrude almost radially from the rapidly rotating wing rollers 12 and 12a due to the centrifugal force and strike the material web 10 with considerable force intermittently against the grinding cylinders 11 and 11a.

Depending on the desired effect, the grinding cylinders 11 and 11a and the wing rollers 12 and 12a Rotate clockwise or counterclockwise independently of each other. Depending on the below Effects described is also the speed of rotation of the grinding cylinders 11 and 11a and the wing rollers 12 and 12a variable within wide limits.

F i g. 2 shows more details of a treatment station which has the grinding cylinder 11, the wing roller 12 with the wings 13a to 13c / and the fabric guide plates 4a and 4b . In the phase shown, the web 10 is hit by the wing 13c against the abrasive coating of the grinding cylinder 11. Although in FIG. 1 only two treatment stations of the same, in F i g. 2 are drawn, the device can in practice have only one or more than two treatment stations.

For example, the device for treating one or both sides of the goods can be equipped with three, four or even more treatment stations. Furthermore, not all treatment stations necessarily need 30 I.

nen of the same, in Fig. 1, but it can, even in the same device, j

Various stations may be provided, for example the one shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 and below described types.

In Fig. 3, 4 and 5 are shown other surface finishing devices having means with which the web 10 can hit against a rapidly moving grinding surface. The invention is but not limited to the illustrated embodiments

According to FIG. 3, the web 10 is by means of a rapidly rotating rod 30 of non-circular, in the example shown, square cross-section struck against the grinding cylinder 11, with them alternately releasing the material web 10 from the grinding cylinder 11 and striking the material web 10 against the grinding cylinder 11 allows. In this embodiment, the grinding cylinder 11 can between its outer circumference and the abrasive have a coating of compressible foam have, so that the impact of the web 10 on the abrasive is mitigated and pinching of the Web 10 between the abrasive and the rod 30 is prevented. Another way to Achieving the same purpose is to cover the rod 30 with a compressible foam coat. In the embodiment according to FIG. 3 is particularly advantageous that the striking rod 30 is arranged above or below the point of closest approach to the grinding cylinder 11. These Arrangement of the striking device can also be used for the example in FIG. 2,4 and 5 shown alternatives Embodiments as well as in other Äusführungsformen be advantageous in which the impact device z. B a pendulum rod or even a rotating eccentric roller or the like. Can be.

In the case of the in FIG. The further embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is used for intermittent beating of the goods 50 |

web 10 against the surface of the grinding cylinder 11, an intermittent jet of compressed air 40 from a nozzle 42 blown out.

In the case of the in FIG. 5, the web 10 is deflected on a loose roller 50 and then guided over spacer rollers 51,52,53,54 and 55. From there, the web 10 is loose over a Roller 56 out to change its direction of movement again. The spacer rollers 51 to 55 are like this designed that they prevent contact between the web 10 and the grinding surface, except when the Web 10, as shown, is struck by wings against the grinding surface. Beat in operation Wing rollers 62,63,64 and 65, which are equipped with wings 66a to 66c /, 67a to 67c /, 68a to 68c / or 69a to 69c / |

are, the web 10 against the covered with an abrasive surface of a grinding cylinder Hb. |

According to the method according to the invention, a wide variety of goods can be processed. Examples of such Types of goods are woven, knitted and crocheted fabrics, fleeces as well as coated goods and the like

Knitted and crocheted goods are double-faced goods, jersey and tricot goods, warp knitted goods, goods with |

special weft threads etc. fabrics can be those with plain weave, twill weave or other known ones Be ties. Such goods can be made from spun fiber or filament yarns or from a mixture both types of yarn must be produced in one and the same product. Goods made from natural fibers such as wool, silk, cotton and linen can also be treated, although the preferred types of goods are those made of synthetic fibers, |

z. B. of polyester, polyamide, acrylic, cellulose and acetate fibers, their mixtures with natural fibers and the like. * ■

Particularly significant improvements in surface characteristics are in articles containing polyester fibers

been found.

Textile material processed according to the invention can generally be achieved by a more uniform surface finishing as for goods treated by conventional methods. The procedure is applicable to a refinement or refinement that can be seen with the naked eye on the surface of the goods to achieve that is not perceptible with the naked eye, but very clearly with the sense of touch is detectable. The goods can acquire a generally softer feel, and the flexural modulus of the goods can be humiliated.

Goods such as B. Knitted and knitted fabrics made of textured polyester filaments can after finishing the method according to the invention can be shrunk in the width direction, resulting in a higher

l.o goods weight results. In addition, the goods can, even if they return to their initial width and is stretched approximately its initial basis weight, generally by a fuller, bulkier handle be characterized. Goods made from polyester filaments can be undesirable ·. plaslik-like «handle lose and feel more like goods made from natural fibers such as wool or cotton. Goods like double-faced Knitted fabrics and knitted fabrics made of polyester can in certain cases have a top layer of a density, uniformity and have such a low height, which is practical after conventional grinding or roughening processes is not reachable.

The process enables the finishing of goods that are generally of too great elasticity or are too light to be refined by conventional grinding processes. Conventional Processes are often based on the fact that the goods by applying a tensile stress with the Grinding surface is brought into contact. When the touch by squeezing the goods between a counter holder and the grinding surface comes about, a tensile stress is required to prevent that the material web is detected by the grinding cylinder and wound on it. With the one described here Procedure is sufficient because of the intermittent contact with the grinding cylinder and the correct use of goods guide plates a considerably smaller tension, so that the finishing of goods from very low weight, such as light jersey knitwear, is possible. These lightweight jerseys are at he: Conventional finishing processes pose very serious problems because they are subject to tensile stress stretch very easily and experience a reduction in thickness and their edges curl up under tensile stress tend. Also with conventional grinding processes it is almost impossible to maintain the intensity and the evenness the treatment of light tissues, whereas in both cases this is the case with the one described here Procedure is possible.

It has been found that the method described here gives particularly good results if the process is applied to a double-faced knitted fabric made of textured polyester filament yarns, z. B. from yarns 150/34 den., Is applied. An appealing, v / oak, staple fiber-like, uniform To achieve surface refinement with conventional grinding processes, goods of this type usually have to be from more expensive yarns, for example from yarns with 150/50 den. or even 150/68 den. be made. Was made of 150/34 denier yarn. however, generally produce a puckered, rough-to-the-touch, uneven texture Surface refinement if they are sanded using conventional methods. But it turned out to be the most surprising It was found that goods made from such textured polyester yarns 150/34 den. after this The method described can be treated in order to achieve a finishing of the goods which is customary for staple fibers that is roughly equivalent to that of conventional equipment in terms of the feel and appearance of the equipment Sanding of more expensive goods from, for example, textured polyester filament yarns of 150/50 den. is achieved. Because heavier goods are generally made from a filament yarn, for example, to maintain their rigidity from 150/50 den. must be made, leaves the possibility of using one made of textured polyester filament yarns from 150/34 den. manufactured goods in which these yarns result in an equivalent refinement, also the use of a product of lighter weight.

However, the method described here is not limited to textile materials per se; its application on z. B. clear films can result in a matte surface that gives a translucent film Applying the process to paper of sufficient strength for a treatment can result in a Softening of the paper surface.

Thus, according to the method, successive, mutually adjacent sections of the material web 10 Intermittently hit against a grinding surface over the entire width of the fabric. The web is ok usually kept wide and can be moved in the warp or lengthwise direction. A longer, extensive contact between the web 10 and the grinding surface is avoided, the mechanical Hitting with a force and a frequency happens that is sufficient to at least approximate

bring about uniform change in the surface features of the web 10. For the professional it is it is evident that the degree of change in the surface features, the special effects achieved and the The speed with which these effects are achieved depends on the operating conditions in the process the machine used and the type of goods treated. Operational parameters of the in the device used in the process, e.g. B. impact force and impact frequency, grain size of the grinding surface and other variables can be set within a wide range. For example, the linear velocity of the web 10 can be varied between about 0.9 m and about 183 m per minute with respect to the grinding surface and is preferably between about 4.5 and about 91 meters per minute, depending on the number of available ones Treatment stations, the type of web 10 and the intensity and type of treatment desired. If the sanding surface is a sandpaper or sandpaper, the grain size can be in a large range, with grain numbers between about 16 and about 600, preferably from about 80 to about 400, in particular from about ISO to about 320 are suitable. In machines with several treatment stations, for the different grinding cylinders in different phases different grit numbers are used, to achieve special effects. For example, it has been found to be advantageous if the goods on a

first sanding station is pretreated with a fairly coarse grit in order to change the surface of the goods by the subsequent finer grain sizes in downstream treatment stations.

The use of fine-grain sandpaper is particularly recommended for light fiber goods or filaments of fine denier and also for other goods, if a particularly fine and beautiful one Equipment is desired and when the treatment effects are mainly limited to the Product surface is sought. The relative intensity of treatment achieved with the invention is not only on the grain size of the grinding surface, but also on the force with which the web 10 against the grinding surface is hit. This in turn is a function of the radius of the wing roller, the wing length, the flexural modulus of the wings, the specific weight or density of the wings, the degree to which the The leading edge of the wing is not free from the surface of the opposite grinding cylinder, and the speed of rotation the wing roller.

In general it has been found that according to the method according to the invention an important Effect is achieved if a sandpaper with a finer grain size than with normal sanding is used, because the cutting edges of the grain hit the fibers of the web 10 with considerable force which causes most, if not all, of the abrasive grain to enter the surface of the fabric cut into or rub them off. Because with a finer grain a significant effect is achieved and there at the same time more cutting grains of finer grain size per unit area on the surface of the sanding paper are arranged, it is assumed that the number of fibers affected per unit area of the surface consequently significant, perhaps several times larger than when using a coarser grain in a conventional grinding process, so that the resulting finish is more even, finer and denser. So it can often happen that goods treated by the method according to the invention are not sheared will need, since the individual fiber ends that are formed are generally very short and more uniform Length are how the products according to the invention differ from those after conventional grinding processes also differ.

The linear speed of the grinding surface in relation to the web 10 is in a wide range variable and is preferably between 150 and 760 m / min. As above in connection with the device already indicated, the grinding cylinder 11 or 11a can be clockwise or counterclockwise are driven in rotation, and the direction of rotation of the vane rollers 12 and 12a can be the same or opposite be.

If, for example, the grinding cylinder 11 or 11a and the wing roller 12 or 12a both clockwise are driven in rotation, there can be a risk of the sanding cylinder 11 or purple in the case of very light, stretchable goods to be captured and wound up on it, be less.

The force with which the web 10 is hit against the grinding surface is a function of the Speed of rotation of the vane roller 12,12a, 62,63,64 or 65, the length and rigidity of the vanes 13a to 13c / or 13e to 13Λ or 66a to 66c /, 67a to 67c /, 68a to 68c / or 69a to 69c /, the diameter of the vane roller as well as the density of the wing material and other variables. The vane roller preferably rotates with it about 1000 to 4000 rpm.

Goods which have been treated according to the method according to the invention can have various following Treatments. It has been found, for example, that a particularly suitable Post-treatment for the products according to the invention can be brushing. Thus goods can be omitted Surface finishing application of comparatively mild treatment conditions according to the invention, e.g. B. with a relatively fine-grain sandpaper as the sanding surface, or by hitting the goods against the grinding surface with relatively little force or with a relatively low impact frequency, so that the strength of the web 10 is reduced less than otherwise possible. Then through vigorous brushing of the web 10 with, for example, brushes made of nylon or metal, z. B. brass or Steel, the change in the surface characteristics of the web 10 -be reinforced in an advantageous manner.

example 1

A double-sided yarn was made from textured 100% polyester filament yarn 1/150/50, type 446, from Monsanto Goods manufactured The goods were desized, injection-dyed with light blue paint, cut and then heat set to provide a rough sample. The finished weight was between 152 and 157 cm between 426 g / m and 442 g / m. The Mullen burst strength (ASTM No. D-231 [1975]) was approximately 125 kp. 6 and 7 each show a photomicrograph of the goods through a scanning electron microscope at 100 or 350x magnification.

A separate double-faced knitwear sample was made from the above yarn and then processed by desizing, spray dyeing with light blue paint and slicing. After cutting open the goods were mechanically surface-refined by the method according to the invention before the heat-setting, to obtain a material according to the invention. Scored with a scanning electron microscope Microphotos, which are only called microphotos below for the sake of simplicity, show the in FIGS. 8 and 9 Sample at 100 or 350 times magnification. The treatment parameters are in the table below contain. After treatment, the Mullen burst strength was approximately 107 kg.

Another sample of the above goods was produced in approximately the same manner as the sample according to FIG Invention treated, but dyed navy blue instead of them according to the invention before heat setting to the To refine the surface mechanically, it was sanded using the Gessner method. According to the Gessner method Ground product after treatment had a Mullen burst strength of about 104 kgf. 10 and 11 each show a photomicrograph of the product ground according to Gessner at 100 and 350 times respectively Enlargement.

An examination of the fabric treated according to the invention left a very large one for the surface feel Recognize fullness, warmth and softness and a very low, dense top layer or fiber cover. The top layer was easily recognizable with the naked eye, although it was proportionate because of it low height made the structure of the goods fully visible. The raw goods or goods comparison sample, So the goods without mechanical surface finishing, on the other hand, had a clear surface, was without Top layer and had the textured for double-sided knitwear! Typical hard, "Plastic-like", somewhat smooth handle and appearance. Appearance and feel of those treated according to the invention Samples were comparable to those of a product made from distant woolen yarns. The conventional way The sample, which was surface-refined by means of a Gessner grinding machine, complied with the advantageous features of the sample treated according to the method according to the invention, especially with regard to the soft hand, the dense Top layer and the resemblance to a product made from fine woolen yarn is not close. A comparison the photomicrographs with 100 and 350 times magnification of the reference sample obtained by the method according to of the invention treated sample and the sample ground by conventional methods shows that the Goods according to the invention have to a certain extent broken fibers, the predominant part of the Fibers, however, through the formation of flap-like chips and chip grooves in the fiber surfaces have changed extensively. In contrast, the samples ground according to Gessner show a considerable number severed and broken fibers with only a very slight change in the surface features of the Single fibers.

Example 2

Example 1 was repeated using a textured 100% polyester filament yarn 1/150/34 An untreated comparison sample, a Gessner-ground sample and one according to the method according to The samples treated according to the invention were produced Sample no significant difference compared to the untreated control sample, and the Ware had because of the relative coarseness of the textured polyester 150/34 yarns from which they were made was, in fact, no salable equipment. The same, according to the method according to the invention treated goods had a considerably improved surface definition compared to the comparison sample and felt warm and pleasantly woolly. The sample ran very well on the Gessner grinder Compare the sanded sample of Example 1 to those made from the more expensive textured polyester filament yarns 150/50 had been made. In the case of the untreated comparative sample, the burst strength was after Mullen about 129 kp compared to about 99.8 kp for the Gessner-ground sample and about 109 kp for the after the sample surface-finished using the method according to the invention. While in the method according to Invention a significant change in the surface occurs, compared to the Gessner grinding process,

lower loss of strength found. ί

Example 3>

In this example, a yarn-dyed, double-sided polyester knitwear was used. The process

tete CrPxn was a textured 100% polyester filament yarn 1/150/34. To produce a comparative sample;

vvurue the knitwear crimped, cut open and dry cleaned. The finished weight was about 384.6 g / m, the width about 163 cm and the Mullen burst strength about 97.5 kg. The sample according to the invention j was then treated as indicated in the table below. The bursting strength after \ Mullen was about 54.4 kg. After the surface finishing, the goods were heat-set, sheared, and again '

heat-set and decated. The finished weight was about 359.7 g / m with a width of about 152 cm.

A sample of the same fabric was then treated in the same manner described above that J. Exception that instead of the mechanical surface finishing according to the invention after the first Heat setting a roughening was carried out, after which the goods were sheared, again heat set and was decated. The finished weight was 363 g / m.

Compared to the typical hard, smooth, "plastic-like" and unpleasant feel of the untreated comparison sample, the goods treated by the method according to the invention had a very soft, cotton-like surface feel. Because of the relatively low height of the top layer on the goods treated according to the invention, the clarity of the sample was not impaired to any measurable degree, apart from a very slight reduction in the color contrast. However, the structure of the goods was still visible. The rough goods from the same comparison goods had a much rougher, drier, somewhat wool-like feel. As a result of the roughening, the clarity of both the color pattern on the surface and the structural features of the goods were impaired to a large extent. F i g. 12, 13 and 14 each show a photomicrograph of the comparison sample at 35, 100 and 350 times magnification, FIG. 15, 16 and 17 photomicrographs at 35, 100 and 35O times magnification of the yarn-dyed double-faced knitted fabric treated by the method according to the invention; and FIGS. 18, 19 and 20 photomicrographs of the roughened samples at 35, 100 and 350 times magnification . A comparison of the micrographs shows that the fibers of the invention treated sample are at or near the surface of the according to the method relatively strongly modified by the formation of tab-like chips and chip grooves and that also very small amounts \ be by separate fibers. In contrast, the roughened samples show very little or no actual fiber surface change, even though a significant number of fibers have been severed.

A visual examination shows that the roughened sample has a random layer of disordered fibers on the surface, which form an essentially flat cover layer on the goods. The yarn structure is considerable- | It has been disturbed and the initial structure has largely become unrecognizable. On the other hand, in the case of \ i

according to the method according to the invention, the sample treated at least approximately the initial yarn structure intact, and only very few disordered fibers can be detected on the surface of the goods.

Example 4

The characteristics of a double-sided knitted fabric made of 100% acrylic fiber were determined before and after a surface refinement compared according to the invention. The treatment conditions for the mechanical Surface finishing according to the invention are given in the table.

It has been found that the sample treated by the method according to the invention has a more natural, had a wool-like feel and a soft-to-the-touch surface, whereas the comparison sample, As is typical for synthetic fibers, how synthetic felt, although the plastic-like appearance was a bit was less noticeable than for goods made from polyester fibers. An examination of the one shown in Figures 21 and 22 Microphotos of the goods according to the invention at 100 or 350 times magnification shows that here too at the Fiber surface are formed flap-like chips and the fiber surface also has chip grooves Comparison with the comparison samples shown in FIGS. 23 and 24 at 100 and 350 times magnification shows no similar characteristics.

Example 5

The features were compared with each other, which with the method according to the invention at 100% Can achieve polyester fabrics from a filament warp yarn and a spun weft yarn. The end- "

Gang fabric was made from Danbury 242T polyester filament sold under the trade name DACRON

warp yarn 2/150/34 (batch no. 841) and spun T-350 polyester weft yarn known under the trade name TREVIRA 12/1 manufactured

The comparison sample was cooked in a Mezzera decoction machine with a navy blue dye! injection-dyed and finished by heat setting, scissoring and decating. The finished width (on the inside the selvedges measured) was about 151 cm, the weight about 357 g / m. The strength was im Scott Grab Tensile Test (ASTM No. D-1682, [1975]) and was approximately 119 kg for the chain and about 71 kp for the shot.

The treatment sequence described above for the comparison sample was carried out by connecting a Surface treatment according to the invention before the mezzera treatment stage, while maintaining the rest Process steps, modified finished weight and finished width were the same as for the comparison sample. The conditions for the mechanical surface treatment are given in the table below. After treatment, the Scott Grab tensile strength was about 93 kg for the chain and about 21.3 kg for the shot.

The procedure described above was repeated, except that the mechanical surface treatment carried out according to the invention after the mezzera treatment stage and before spray dyeing became. The remaining process steps were carried out in the same order. Finished weight and Finished widths were the same. The Scott Grab tensile strength was about 111 kg for the chain and about 34 kp for the shot.

The procedure described above was repeated again, with the change that the mechanical Surface treatment according to the invention carried out after spray dyeing and before heat setting became. The other procedural steps remained the same. Here, too, the finished weight and width of the goods were the ones same. |

The last procedure described was repeated with the change that after dyeing and before 45 "i

Heat setting the sample not subjected to the mechanical surface treatment according to the invention, but was ground on a Gessner grinding machine. Finished weight and finished width were that same. The Scott Grab tensile strength was about 118 kg for the warp and about 42 kg for the weft.

The above procedure was repeated again, with the change that the goods after spray dyeing, but was roughened before heat setting. The finished weight and finished width of the goods were the same. the Scott Grab tensile strength was about 120 kg for the warp and about 67 kg for the weft.

Examination of the samples treated before dyeing by the method according to the invention showed that a wool-like grip had been achieved. Mechanical surface treatment according to the process according to the invention after dyeing gave a fabric with a cotton-like feel.

Consequently, by changing the process steps accordingly, the same starting material make two distinctly different products.

Depending on the course of the process, the samples treated according to the invention generally had a very high appealing, soft and pleasant wool or cotton-like handle, whereas the goods do not have any Surface treatment experienced, felt, as is usual with polyester goods, hard and rough. The grinding with conventional means, i.e. on a Gessner grinding machine, resulted in only a slight change in the Handle compared to the comparison sample, although the result is neither the softness nor the rich fullness of the came close to the surface grip achievable by the method according to the invention. The roughened sample had a relatively soft surface feel compared to conventional grinding, but neither had one the appearance of the appealing yet soft surface refinement, as it is according to the method of the invention has been achieved, particularly when performing the surface treatment prior to dyeing. It is also noteworthy that the roughening produces a top layer of considerably less uniformity and greater height with very many "wild fibers" protruding from the surface of the goods. Even after after shearing, the finishing obtained by the method according to the invention was both more uniform than

also more appealing than the equipment obtained by conventional methods.

F i g. 25 and 26 show photomicrographs with 100 and 350 times magnification of the comparison samples, FIG. 27 and 28 photomicrographs with 100 or 350 times magnification of the samples ground on the Gessner grinding machine, F i g. 29 and 30 photomicrographs with 100 and 350 times magnification of the roughened samples. In Fig. 31 and 32 are shown the samples obtained by the method according to the invention by mechanical surface treatment after dyeing, but before shearing and decating. An investigation of the Photomicrographs of the samples mechanically surface treated prior to the mezzera treatment stage and those Samples treated after Mezzera treatment but before staining gave a nearly complete result Identity with the microphotos shown in Fig. 31 and 32. Their representation can therefore be dispensed with

ίο be. The photomicrographs show that before or after dyeing by the method according to the invention treated goods samples all considerable, flap-like chips emerging from the surface of the goods as well as have considerable chip furrow formation. A plastic deformation of the fibers is also evident. In contrast, conventional grinding on a Gessner grinding machine only produced a limited amount Fiber surface changes with little or no chip formation and without plastic deformation of the Fibers. Roughening resulted in an even smaller change in the fiber surface and no plastic deformation the synthetic fibers achieved; on the other hand, the number of fibers cut was significant.

Example 6

A jersey knitwear was mechanically finished using the method according to the invention and with compared to a reference sample without equipment. The comparative sample was made under the trade name 100% polyester yarns T-56 1/70/34 sold by DACRON, subjected to a mezzera treatment, injection-dyed light green, cut open and heat-set. The finished weight was about 178 g / m, the width about 160 cm. The Mullen burst strength was approximately 59 kg.

For the next sample, the above procedure was modified in the sense that the goods after the Heat-setting has been treated by the method according to the invention. The process conditions are in given in the table. After treatment, the Mullen burst strength was approximately 56 kg.

Examination of the finished samples revealed that they were treated according to the method according to the invention Sample possessed a warm and soft handle of great fullness, whereas the surface of the untreated comparative sample felt relatively smooth, as is usual with polyester goods. The handle of the Sample treated according to the invention could be described as being comparable to that of goods made from woven fabric will.

Example 7

Samples of polyester-cotton blends 65/35 were treated according to the method according to the invention and then compared with comparative samples. The warp and weft yarns were both made from 65% polyester and 35% cotton. The comparison sample was produced by singeing and mercerising the goods. The finished weight was about 165 g / m ² , the finished width about 153 cm. A separate sample of the fabric was treated in the same way as the reference sample, but then finished by a treatment according to the method according to the invention. The treatment conditions are given in the table. For comparison purposes, a further sample was treated by singeing and mercerizing as described above and then ground on a Gessner grinding machine, colored, finished and sanforized using a continuous process.

A visual comparison of the comparative sample with the sample treated according to the invention showed that With the latter, the surface felt considerably softer and more pleasant, more cotton-like than that Comparative sample and no significant loss of fabric stiffness was noticeable. For comparison was the same type of goods ground using the conventional method; by this treatment was aoer with regard to Handle or other features have a very little beneficial effect on the goods.

F i g. 33 and 34 show photomicrographs of the comparison sample at 100 and 35O times magnification, FIG. 35 and 36 photomicrographs of the sample treated according to the invention at 100 or 350 times magnification and FIG. 37 and 38 photomicrographs of the sample ground on the Gessner grinding machine at 100 or 350 times magnification. Examination of the photomicrographs shows that that treated by the method according to the invention Sample has flap-like chips on the fibers on or near the surface of the goods. There are also a few severed fibers as well as chip furrows and thermoplastic deformation of the polyester fibers detectable. It it can also be clearly seen that the yarns have been flattened directly on the surface of the goods, apparently in connection with the thermoplastic deformation of the polyester fibers. Investigating the Photomicrographs of the samples ground on the Gessner grinding machine show that the surface fibers The process has undergone very minor changes, even if the surface of the goods has been disordered and severed fibers are detectable.

Example 8

A sample of 80/20 polyester cotton fabric made from spun warp and filament weft yarn was made treated by the method according to the invention and compared with a reference sample. That Warp yarn contained 65% polyester and 35% cotton fibers. The weft yarn was 100% polyester filament textured yarn.

The comparative sample was made by heat setting, singeing and mercerizing. The finished weight

was about 168 g / m ² , the finished width about 152.6 cm. The tensile strength according to Scott Grab of the Rescue was about 503 kp, that of the shot was about 59.4 kp.

A sample of the fabric described above and treated in the same way experienced a mechanical one Surface treatment according to the method according to the invention. Finished weight and finished width were that same as the comparison sample. The treatment conditions are given in the table. It happened a Scott Grab tensile strength of about 5532 kg for the warp and about 45.85 kg for the weft.

A similar product with a spun warp yarn made of 65% polyester and 35% cotton and a weft yarn made of textured! 100% polyester filament yarn was treated by heat setting, steaming, mercerizing and continuous dyeing to make a leather brown fabric. The goods were then ground, finished and sanforized in a conventional manner on a Gessner grinding machine. The finished weight was about 181.4 g / m ² , the finished width about 153.5 cm. The Scott Grab tensile strength was about 93.9 kg for the warp and about 82 kg for the weft. Information on the tensile strength of the goods before treatment was not available.

A visual comparison of the sample treated by the method according to the invention with the reference sample did not result in any significant change in the appearance of the surface of the goods, the surface of the according to The article treated of the invention felt considerably softer than the rather hard surface of the untreated reference sample. The fabric stiffness of the comparative sample remained with the treated samples essentially preserved. On the other hand, after grinding a similar item on the Gessner grinding machine little or no beneficial change noted

39 and 40 show photomicrographs of the comparison sample at 100 and 350 times magnification, FIG. 41 and 42 photomicrographs at 100 or 350 times magnification of a sample, which are in the same way as the comparison sample produced and then mechanically surface-finished by the method according to the invention had been, and F i g. 43 and 44 photomicrographs of the sample that were ground on the Gessner grinding machine and prepared in the manner described above. An examination of the microphotos shows that very few fibers are severed in the sample treated according to the invention. Against it the surface of the fibers has undergone a significant change during the process. There were quite a few Flap-shaped chips and particularly clear chip grooves are generated. Some plastic deformation of the polyester fibers can be detected, as well as a flattening of the yarn surfaces. The one on the Gessner grinding machine sanded sample had little visible effect except for a few severed fibers determined the fibers of the goods

Example 9

A product made from an 80/20 polyester-cotton blend was given the values given in the table Treated treatment conditions according to the method according to the invention. After the subsequent Continuous dyeing has been found to have some of the beneficial features of the process according to the goods treated with the invention appeared to have been lost. However, this sample was later using brushed with a nylon or steel brush, and the initial ones were found to be beneficial Effects had been restored and, in fact, greatly amplified, with no substantial loss of strength. It was found that even if the sample was stained by the method according to the invention was mechanically surface-finished, the beneficial effect of brushing with a nylon or a steel brush to a significant increase in the beneficial effects of mechanical surface treatment both in terms of the softness of the surface of the goods and in terms of the pleasant and rich fullness of the handle resulted without a considerable reduction in strength in this case as well would have occurred. A similar sample that does not undergo mechanical surface finishing according to the invention was subjected to brushing only with a nylon brush after dyeing. A separate sample was made brushed with a steel brush under equivalent conditions. An advantageous refinement of the samples was practically not found.

Example 10

An embossed, high pile 100% polyester filament fabric was made according to the method of the invention treated and compared with an untreated reference sample in terms of its characteristics. the sample treated according to the invention had a pleasing appearance, similar to a real cotton jacquard damask fabric, and even the recessed embossed areas of the goods had a beneficial one Experience change. In contrast, the untreated comparison sample had a glass-like gloss and "plastic-like" Appearance, quite dissimilar to the fine and beautiful appearance of the expensive jacquard damask fabric.

Example 11

A comparison sample made of a deep pile fabric with 100% polyester filament warp and weft yarns was prepared and compared for its characteristics with a similar sample made by the procedure has been treated according to the invention. In addition to the improved grip of the surface, it was found that tablecloths or napkins made from the material described above and after Processes according to the invention had been treated, could be stacked without the stacked Goods slipped and fell. Overall, however, the appearance of the goods was very little changed, and the Ware had a completely clear face. However, the goods had a very advantageous cotton-like appearance Handle.

Example 12

This example illustrates the application of the method according to the invention to a point Bound or solidified fleece material made of 100% polyamide fiber. A comparison sample was produced, and a separate sample was then treated according to the method of the invention. the Treatment conditions are given in the table. The polyamide fiber nonwoven material showed after carrying out the method according to the invention has a very significantly softer, more pleasant surface grip than the smooth, "glassy" starting material. A dense, slightly higher top layer was created due to which the surface of the goods felt like a material made from natural fibers and so did its surface feel would have. The treatment lost very little of its strength. F i g. 45 and 46 show Photomicrographs with 100 or 350 times magnification of those treated by the method according to the invention Sample, Fig. 47 and 48 microphotos with the same magnification of the comparison samples. A comparison of these Photomicrographs show the formation of lobe-like chips to a significant extent on the fiber surface as well as numerous chip grooves on the fiber surface. Upon visual inspection, there are severed fibers detectable.

Example 13

From a roughened product with a backing that had a coagulation coating on its surface, a comparative sample was produced. A separate sample of the goods was obtained according to the method according to Invention treated using the treatment conditions given in the table.

The comparison sample of the starting material had a soft but sticky feel, whereas that according to the Invention treated goods had an even softer, but completely non-sticky surface feel. That samples treated according to the method according to the invention also had a somewhat smoother and quieter appearance more uniform appearance than the reference sample of the original product. When considering the in Fig. 49 shown microphotos with 350x magnification can be seen that the surface of the untreated Comparative sample showed a strong accumulation of coagulated plastic. In contrast, this shows in FIG. 50 illustrated microphotograph taken with 350x magnification according to the method according to the invention treated sample that desirable small islands of the plastic coating are still present however, strong build-ups have essentially been removed or broken up. Furthermore, the according to the method according to the invention, the sample treated the typical flap-like chips and chip grooves on the fiber surfaces.

Tabel (Part 1) Were Tensile chip runs move Grinding cylinder Speed Rich Grit Speed tion *) Front side Rpm age tung ") age kp 1 m / min Parameters for handling goods m / min 9.98 3 1 431 R. 240 example 4,572 9.98 5 1 1800 431 R. 240 No. 4,572 9.98 1 1 1800 299 R. 240 4,572 9.98 1 1 1250 431 R. 240 18.29 2 ^ 7 1 1 1800 386 V 240 1.2 1.216 9.98 1 1 1210 431 V 240 3 9.144 958 1 1 1800 431 R. 240 4th 32 459 2 1 1800 386 V 320 5 1,216 938 1 1 1210 299 R. 240 6th 4 ^ 72 938 2 0 1250 431 V 240 7.8 9.144 9.98 2 1800 299 R. 240 9 4 ^ 72 1250 in 11th 12th 13th

41

Table (part 2)

Parameters for handling goods

example Wing roller Speed. Free- * ") Blow Rich Wing material surcharge Treat No. Rpm FUpitze Bang number/ tung ") Width (mm mm lung m / min mm Min. stations

2380 1709 3.175 19 040 V

2380 1709 6.350 19Ö40 V

1710 1228 9.525 6 840 V.

2380 1709 3.175 15040 V

1720 961 3.175 6 8S0 V

2380 1709 3.175 19040 R

2380 1709 3.175 19 040 V

1720 961 3.175 6 880 V.

1710 1228 3.175 6 840 V.

2380 1709 3.175 19 040 R

1710 1228 9.525 6 840 V.

red neoprene ketch, 1.588
Red. Neopreri-Ktsch., 1,588
black Neoprene-ICch, 1.588
Red. N'copren-Ktsch., 1.588
black Neoprene ketch "1.588
Red. Neoprene bag, 1.588
Red. Neoprene bag, 1.588
black Neoprene bag, 1.588
Red. Neoprene kech, 1.588
Red. Neoprene kech, 1.588
black Neoprene kech, 1.588

3.175
3.175
3.175
6.350
3.175
3.175
6350
3.175
3.175
6.350
3.175

Total tension, based on the entire width of the fabric.

"V" means that the grinding cylinder or the wing roller is in the same direction as the movement of the goods, "R" in

the direction opposite to the movement of goods is driven in rotation.

Means the distance between the goods in their normal position and the grinding cylinder when the goods are not

is beaten.

Theoretical penetration depth on the grinding cylinder without goods.

For this purpose 10 sheets of drawings

13th

Claims (11)

Patent claims: 1. Textile material made from at least 20% by weight synthetic, in particular flattened or oval fibers with laterally protruding, curved sections and short projections, thereby marked η e t that the exposed curved fiber sections on at least one surface of the textile material have flap-like chips protruding from chip grooves at one end. 2. Textile material according to claim 1, characterized in that the average length of the protruding, flap-like chips is less than about 0.05 mm 3. A method for mechanical surface finishing of a textile material according to claim 1 or 2, at ίο which the textile material in the form of a section-wise flat web of material continuously on you opposite moving grinding surface is passed, characterized in that successive, adjoining web sections intermittently hit against the grinding surface over their entire width will. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the web of material after beating over their the entire width is brushed. 5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the web of material at a speed from 4.5 to 91 m / min is passed in front of the grinding surface. 6. The method according to claim 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the grinding surface with respect to the The web has a linear speed between 150 and 760 m / min 7. Apparatus for performing the method according to claim 3, with a device for continuous Section-wise, flat guiding of the web of material in front of a circumferential grinding surface, marked by a striking device, with which successive, adjoining sections of the web of material (10) can be hit intermittently against the grinding surface over the entire width of the web are. 8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the striking device has at least one rotatable vane roller (12, 12a; 62, 63, 64, 65) has on its outer circumference with at least one protruding wing (13a to 13Λ; 66a to 66c /, 67a to 67c /, 68a to 68c /, 69a to 69c /) made of a flexible Material is provided and which extends parallel to the roll axis over its length. 9. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the striking device has at least one having driven shaft (30) with a regular cross-section deviating from the circular shape. 10. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the striking device has at least one Has eccentrically driven roller. 11. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the striking device has one or more Has air nozzles (42) with which compressed air jets (40) can be blown intermittently against the grinding surface are.