DE3009332A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING THE QUANTITY OF LIQUID DEPOSED ON FINE AGENT, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING MORTAR OR CONCRETE - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for adjusting the amount of liquid that is usually made up Water deposited on the surfaces of fine granular materials and a method of manufacture of mortar or concrete using the treated granular material.

For the production of cement mortar or hydraulic limestone mortar, which is used in the construction of buildings or structures »fine aggregates are widely used, to which river sand or mountain sand or artificial fine particles belong. When extracting or crushing various ores such as those used in the metallurgy or ceramic industry or fine particles or dust are formed from coal. Depending on the area of application, it may still be required to grind the ores or coal into grains of a predetermined size. When these substances are pulverized or When refined, or when used for chemical reactions, grains often come in the form of a slurry or the like. It is well known that these fine grains contain a substantial amount of water on their surface adheres. This applies not only to river sand or mountain sand, but also to coal. Recently, these substances, in particular using water jets, so that the amount of deposited water is very large. Even water is used to collect converter slag, which is actually anhydrous during its production. If those Materials are stored outdoors, they also get wet from rain or snow. Such wet particles can cannot be used directly. For example, if these materials are coked, sintered or converted to

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are subject to procedures, it is also necessary if placed directly in an oven, drying them prior to actual use. This requires separate Thermal energy, i.e. fuel.

If a fine aggregate of FIuB or mountain sand for the Production of mortar or cement is used, the amount of separated water or surface water is a essential factor influencing the quality of the product. The composition and particle size of the Sand also affects the quality of the product. As long as sand from the same extraction point is used, it is also usually of the same composition and particle size. It is not common, Mix in sand from other places of origin. If the sand contains particles of different sizes, it is easy to to classify them according to fine, medium and coarse particles with a sieve. A slight difference in the particle size does not make much difference in the Quality of the product. The amount of surface water however changes greatly depending on the origin, the type of extraction, extraction and storage of the sand. In addition, the specific surface area of the fine sand particles is large, so that the relative amount of the deposited Water is great. In addition, sand contains water in the interstices between the sand particles, which changes over time change from weather. If sand from the same place of origin is stored on the ground, it changes Water content from top to bottom as well as morning and noon.

If cement mortar or concrete is made using a fine aggregate, have the ratio of Water to cement, "W / C, the ratio of cement to sand," C / S, and the ratio of cement and / or sand to a coarse aggregate, S / G or C / G, has a major impact on the strength of the resulting product Fluidity, its malleability and its processability.

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If thus an excess amount of water is included
segregation and formation of gravel are unavoidable,
whereby the mechanical strength of the product is reduced. On the other hand, a lack of water affects the moldability and the casting properties, so that also during application
from vibration or pressure at the time of molding or casting, it is difficult to obtain a tight structure, which also reduces mechanical ability. Regardless of the fact that selection of an appropriate W / C, etc. ratio is essential, since the amount of separated water changes greatly and it is difficult to easily and accurately control the amount of surface water
measure, it is problematic to achieve ideal ratios of W / C and S / C etc. Although it has already been suggested that the fine aggregate be completely dry or
To measure its weight in water, these methods are not suitable for on-site determinations when large amounts of sand are used. Above all, the first method requires a large amount of heat and time, while the second method requires complete penetration of the water into the
Sand required to expel air - after that
Japanese industry standard stipulates that the sand should be immersed in water for 24 hours - as well as a method for
Conditional removal of the water contained in the sand.

The object on which the invention is based is therefore to provide a method and a device for quickly and precisely regulating or setting the amount of water that is deposited on a fine, granular aggregate
create. In addition, according to the invention, by using the fine aggregate, its amount of surface water is reduced to one
the desired value is set, a cement mortar or concrete of improved quality can be produced.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a method for
Adjusting the amount of liquid dissolved on the

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fine particles, such as sand, is deposited. In this procedure becomes sequentially a predetermined amount the fine particles on which liquid is deposited, fed. Then, an impact force is applied to the fine particles brought to action, which is greater than the adhesive force of the liquid, whereby the separated liquid is removed will.

The method according to the invention is carried out with a device designed to separate the liquid from the fine particles. The device has liquid separation devices, with which an impulse force is exerted on the fine particles, so that excess liquid remains on the particles is deposited, is removed. Furthermore, there are means for successively supplying the fine particles provided to the liquid separation devices.

The impact force can be caused by a centrifugal force, which by a rotating disk is generated, caused by a conveyor rotating at high speed or by pressurized gas will.

The invention is particularly suitable for adjusting the amount of water in sand particles used to make cement mortar or a fresh concrete compound is used. The amount of water that remains on the surface of the sand particles is used to determine the amount of water that is then added to the mixture of sand, gravel and cement is.

According to the invention, the amount of water on the surface of sand particles is thus reduced in that an impact force, for example a centrifugal force generated by a rotating disk, is applied. _t The sand particles, the amount of water in which is adjusted in this way, are particularly suitable for producing a green or

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fresh betan mass or cement mortar, whereby " they are mixed with water, gravel and cement. This cement mortar or this cement mass according to the invention has little segregation and formation of grit or abrasion. The products made from it have excellent mechanical Strength.

When excess surface water by heat or When wind energy is removed, not only is it difficult to accurately determine the amount of water deposited on the fine aggregate but it also requires a large amount of heat and time. According to the invention, the amount of water is now adjusted by applying an impact force or energy in the form of velocity to the fine aggregate Action is brought. With this measure, the amount of water that can be effectively removed changes depending on the originally available amount of water. For this reason, the impulse force acting on the sand must be dependent can be determined from the originally available amount of water. The impact force or the shock can be achieved by impact , but advantageously by allowing it to act of energy in the form of speed. When the amount of separated water is relatively large, it works Velocity energy caused by the shear force or the impulse in such a way that a certain amount of water is removed will. More advantageous forms of velocity energy are Wind power, rotational force or centrifugal force. One of these Forces or combinations thereof can be used. It is also possible to use the particles of a coarse aggregate to spray by applying speed energy from a rotational force or centrifugal force. The particles thus sprayed will collide with a surface left, thereby removing the surface water. Although the particles are under gravity in At rest or falling slowly, an impact force can alternatively be applied to force the particles against a rotating one Body bouncing. In any case, it will

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Transfer surface water to the surface or the KSrpBr that the particles collide with, thereby adjusting the amount of water that remains on the particle surface. The amount of the remaining water is thus inversely proportional to the magnitude of the impact force, whereby the amount of the remaining water can be adjusted to a desired value by properly selecting the magnitude of the impact force. Regardless of the particle size, i.e. regardless of whether the particles of an aggregate are medium or coarse, the particles usually containing a relatively small amount of water, for example 2 to 4%, the water can thus be removed in a suitable manner by using a suitable impact force will. However, the amount of separated water is large, for example 7 to 8 % or more. The impact energy can remove water beyond a certain limit, the degree of removal being proportional to the impact energy. A fine aggregate whose amount of separated water changes in a relatively small range of, for example, 2.5 to 6%, is particularly advantageous for determining the amount of water and cement to be added later. When the amount of water deposited on the fine aggregate particles is reduced or adjusted to a predetermined value, it is possible to easily obtain desired ratios of W / C, C / S and G / S, thereby achieving uniform quality of the resulting product is guaranteed.

From the standpoint of installation cost and operating energy, it is advantageous to use the fine aggregate particles to bump against a stationary surface, for which a rotating disk is used. In this case it will be the particles are fed to the central portion of the disc so that they are caused to fly away by centrifugal force will. The sand often contains mud or clay as

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Deposition on the surface of the sand particles. In the extreme binds the deposited mud or clay layer Particles of fine aggregate when they meet against each other, which increases the thickness of the layer. Furthermore, the deposited layer acts as a Attenuation, which reduces the impact force on the particles. This changes the amount of separated water even with the same impact force. In this case it is necessary to use the stationary surface Clean with water or a rotating wiper by turning the surface.

In the cold season the sand containing water freezes. In diras case must'-; the sand to be thawed with steam to separate the particles. When using sea sand, the salt in it can be removed if the amount of the separated water is reduced by the process according to the invention.

The invention is illustrated by way of example using the drawings explained in more detail. Show it :

1 schematically shows an embodiment of a device to carry out the method according to the invention,

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through the embodiment of a Water separator A of Fig. 1,

3 shows a longitudinal section through a modified water separator,

4 shows a partial longitudinal section through the modified water separator of Fig. 3,

5 shows a side view of the water separator with accessories,

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Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section through the upper portion of a modified water separator,

FIG. 7 shows, in perspective, the bumper frame from FIG. 6,

Fig. B is a plan view of the rotating disk of Fig. 6,

9 shows a cross section through the upper part of the water separator,

1o shows a partially sectioned side view of a further embodiment of a water separator,

11 shows, in perspective, the fastening of a section of an abutment surface,

12 shows, in a sectional view, the mutual assignment of the impact surface, a cleaning water tank, and a water receiving tanks and a container,

13 shows, partly in section, devices for removing settled sand particles,

14 and 15 modified devices for removing settled sand particles, which are simpler than the embodiment of Fig. 13 are

16 shows, in section, a further embodiment of a water separator without the use of a rotating disk,

Figures 17, 18A, 18B, 19 and 20 are further modifications of Water separators,

21 shows the result of the water removal in a diagram,

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22 in longitudinal section an embodiment of a mixer,

23 shows a cross section through the mixing chamber of the mixer from FIG. 22,

24 shows a cross section through a modified pressure chamber,

25 and 26 show the modified versions in longitudinal section of mixers,

27 shows, in longitudinal section, a further embodiment of a mixer,

FIG. 20 shows a cross section through the mixer from FIG. 27,

29 and 30 show, in perspective, the relative arrangement of the main and auxiliary mixing elements,

31 shows a longitudinal section through a modified mixing chamber,

32 shows, in perspective, the modified mixing chamber of FIGS. 31, v and

FIGS. 33 and 34 mixing elements modified in sectional views.

The arrangement shown in Fig. 1 for carrying out the invention The process has an impact water separator A, into which a fine aggregate passes continuously a conveyor or the like is supplied, and a mixer B. The mixer B operates continuously and is with mechanisms C, D or E for introducing a powdery hydraulic substance, water and additives such as a dispersant.

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Although other impact or impact water separators A can be used according to the invention, the one in FIG. 2 The preferred separator shown has a hopper 1 and a rotating disk 2 arranged below the hopper 1. This rotating disk 2 has a central opening 12 for receiving the fine aggregate from the hopper 1 and provided with a multiplicity of radial guide surfaces 7. The rotating disk 2 is supported by a rotatable sleeve 13 carried, which is held by a stationary sleeve 14 via bearings 3. The sleeve 13 is powered by an electric motor 4 is set in rotation via pulleys 5 and 15 and a belt which runs around these pulleys. The rotating disk 2 is enclosed by a ring 6, whereby a suitable one Space remains between them. The ring 16 sits removably on the inside of a lower frustoconical hollow housing 1o. Seated in the lower portion of the lower housing 1o, forming a suitable gap therebetween a funnel-shaped receptacle 8. Adjacent to the discharge opening 18 at the lower end of the receptacle 8 is a conveyor 11 arranged for the reception of the fine aggregate, which falls after hitting the ring 6 downwards. The ring 6 is slightly inclined. If so desired, its upper edge can be bent inwards around an upwards Prevent the sand particles from spraying. In this construction, guide surfaces 7 can be omitted. By increasing the inclination angle of the ring, the collecting effect of the sand particles by the receptacle 8 can be improved. At the A water spray tube 16 is provided at the lower end of the hopper 1. If desired, a screw or belt stirrer can be used be provided at the bottom of the hopper to distribute an appropriate amount of water evenly to the sand particles to raise. The water separated by collision on the ring falls as shown by the dashed arrows is down to the bottom of the lower case 1o.

The modified water separator A shown in Fig. 3 has the same arrangement of the hopper 1, the rotating

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Disc 2, the motor 4 and the sleeve 13. The ring or the Impact plate 6 against which the sand particles by centrifugal force as generated by the rotating disk 2 is to be thrown is disposed between separate upper portions of a bell-shaped receiver 1o and reinforced by an outer ring 1Ba attached to the ring by screws 19. This structure enables easy replacement of the ring 6. The lower end 2o is bulged outwardly around the upper end of a container 9 to be able to receive, which is supported by a frame 22. Between the upper end of the container 9 and the bulged At the end of 20 a narrow gap is formed for the passage of the separated water while the drained Sand particles fall down into the container.

As in Fig. 2, also in the embodiment of Fig. 3, although not shown, a conveyor is positioned below the bin for delivering the sand particles to mixer B of FIG transport.

The housing 1o of the water separator shown in FIG. 3 can, as shown in FIG. 4, be varied and with different ones additional equipment can be provided, which is shown in FIG. In Fig. 4 is a plurality of Telescopic ring parts 9a and 9b, which are connected by connecting parts 31 to the upper edge 9c of the container 9, in dam ring 6 arranged .. The upper ends of the respective ring elements 9a, 9b and 9c are pointed so that they have a Form passage for the air and the water together with the inner surface of the housing 1o. These trained as a knife edge Upper ends also act to remove the sand particles that move along the inner surface of the housing Move 1o, deflect it towards the inside of the container 9.

On the rotating disk 2, an annular rotating disk 2a can be attached, which is inclined slightly downwards

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is what is drawn in dash-dotted lines around the sand particles to direct to the bottom. With this construction, the sand particles are against the lower portion of the ring 6 centrifuged, but a centrifugal force is applied by the inclined additional annular disk 2a, which is sufficient to separate the sand particles so that the guide surfaces 7 can be omitted. In this case you can the distances between the ring members 9a, 9b and 9c and the housing 1o are made smaller than those of Fig. 4.

When the water separator of Fig. 4 with optimal operating conditions works, the fabric is made up along the inner surface the housing flows down, essentially of water and sludge, which is discharged.

However, optimal operating conditions cannot always be set, which depends on the properties of the sand particles. In this case, dxB becomes substance that goes to the outside of the container 9 through a gap between the lower inner surface of the housing 1o and the razor-edged sections 9c falls, separated into water, mud and sand particles, which back into the hopper 1 by a conveyor or the like can be traced back. The water component separated by the water separator can be used for this purpose be able to produce concrete mortar in a subsequent step.

Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of a practical arrangement taking into account the above factors. Under the lower end of the housing 1o is an elongated one inclined drain 34 arranged. The container 9 is shaped like a funnel, the lower end 19b of which is a conveyor 11 so opposite that a certain amount of sand particles, whose amount of water is adjusted, are in the lower Part of the container 9 accumulates and essentially seals it. Between the lower end of the drain 34 and a

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funnel-shaped water receiver 36, which is in a drainage water tank 35 is arranged in the water receiver 36 for collecting the separated water, a discharge pipe 34a is provided. For the delivery of solid components that are in the lower section of the receiver 36 outside the water tank 1Θ have accumulated, an inclined endless conveyor 33 with receiving pieces 33a is provided. For the submission of the Water into the water tank 35 through a pump, not shown, a discharge pipe 32 with a suction opening 32 is arranged, so that the water can be used to make cement mortar or concrete. The water tank 35 is a water supply pipe 25 associated with a water level detector 24, so that the water level in the tank 35 is always up can be kept at a constant level. If so desired the water supply line 25 may open into the drain 34 to clean it, or in the vicinity of the outlet end a conveyor 3o which serves to introduce sand particles into the hopper 1 in order to add water to the sand particles .

Although the purpose of the water separator according to the invention consists in adjusting the amount of water deposited on the sand particles, i.e. the surface water, when the sand is substantially dry, d. H. contains only a small amount of water, it is necessary to add the sand, which is contained in the hopper 1 to add water. In some cases the sand contains mud or clay that is too adhesion to the surface of the ring 6, especially when the water content of the sand is low, so that adding water is recommended. The added water removes the sludge or clay that has settled on the ring Has.

If the tendency for sludge or clay to deposit on the inner surface of the ring 6 is great, it will be at the lower end a shaft 27, a scratch 28 attached, which is of a

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Motor 4a is rotated at a relatively low speed, for example with less than 10 rpm. The layer of mud on the ring B acts as a damper, so that the setting of the Amount of water is impaired by utilizing an impact force. In addition, the adhesive layer holds the deposited Mud sand particles solid. If the adhesive layer of mud is removed by the scratch 2Θ, can the efficiency in terms of setting the amount of water can be improved.

A screw 29 is attached to the vertical shaft 27 in order to transport the sand of the rotating disk 2 from the hopper 1 constant supply. Changes in the amount of the rotating disk 2 drawn sand prevents uniform Adjustment of the water content.

Details of the modified water separator can be found in US Pat B to 9 shown. A vertical feed pipe 51a, the connected to the underside of a hopper 51 is directed towards the central portion of a rotating disk 52. At the lower end of the supply pipe 51a, discharge ports 51b are formed on opposite sides. As in As shown in Fig. Θ, the rotating disk 52 is provided with a plurality of radial baffles 57 to guide the sand particles to disperse and throw away which are supplied through the discharge ports 51b. As in Figures 7 and 9, the rotating disk 52 is seated in a rectangular bumper frame 6o in the form of an inverted plate such that the sand particles thrown off strike against the inner surface Boa of the shock frame Bo. The lower The end of this frame encloses the upper end of a container 59 with gaps 59a in between. Near the lower Ends of the shorter sides of the container are water receiving channels 58 attached to the over the gaps 59a to absorb separated water. From a holding cylinder 56 at the upper center of the shock frame Bo is a socket 54 for

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Holding the rotating disk 52 via bearings 53 rotatably held. At the upper end of the sleeve 54 sits a disk for rotating the rotating disk with a predetermined one Speed by means of an electric motor, not shown.

The modified embodiment shown in Figures 6 to 9 operates as follows:

The sand particles fed from the hopper 51 are placed on the rotating disk 52 in the direction indicated submitted, d. H. around the middle of the longer sides of the bumper frame 6o in the embodiment of FIG. 9. Di8 sand particles thrown off the rotating disk 52 are directed mainly to the shorter sides of the bumper frame 6o. The ones hurled on the longer sides Sand particles are turned to the shorter sides by an angle between the projection and the throwing direction and the longer sides. In other words, essentially all parts of the thrown Sand particles collide with the shorter sides, with excess water being removed as a result of the impact force will. The sand particles are then collected in the container with a set amount of water. The separated water flows along the inner surface 6oa of the shock frame 6o below and is received in grooves 58. Mud or clay present in the original sand will also become in the gutters 5B collected. Collide in this modification essentially all of the thrown sand particles with the shorter sides, thereby increasing the efficiency of the water volume adjustment can be improved.

In Figures 1o to 15 are a further modification of the water separator and various modified parts are shown. The bumper frame Bob of Figures 1o to 12 has the Shape of an inverted truncated cone and is built that way.

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that its abutment surfaces can be exchanged. The sand particles from a hopper 51 are made to collide with the inner surface of the bumper frame, whereby Excess water is removed. Since the sand particles have an abrasive effect, the inner surface of the bumper frame wears 6 whether quickly. Therefore, a cleat 68 is divided into a plurality of sections. Each section is on the bumper frame by means of a seal 68b through a fastener 68e, as shown in FIGS. 1o and 11. To exchange a section, this inclined by means of a handle 68a and then pulled out of the bumper frame 6ob through an opening 6oc. A portion of the shock frame 6ob with an annular water tank 62 is provided around the lower shell 6od. In the Water tank 62 is admitted through an inlet port 62a up to a level of cleaning water which is higher than that upper edge of the jacket 6od, namely by the height h. The purpose of the cleaning water is to stagnate to prevent sludge contained in the water. The water flows through an outlet opening 62b into a water receiving channel 58 over. Furthermore, the water flows along the inner surface of the jacket 62d to the water receiving channel 58.

When the water separator is used in place, the sand particles want to adhere to the inner surface of the container 59. To prevent this tendency, a vibrator is used 61 in the. Tray 59 installed. In particular, the sand particles adhere to the upper portion of the container, so that means for removing the separated sand particles are provided for the upper section, such as this is shown in FIGS. 13, 14 and 15.

In an example shown in FIG. 13, an air bag 67 is between the side wall 59 a of the container 59 and a J hard rubber ring 66 arranged. By periodically changing dBs of air pressure in the airbag 67, the sand-

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particles deposited on the inner surface of the hard rubber ring 66 are easily removed. In the embodiment 17, only the hard rubber ring 66 is attached to the upper edge of the container 59. Even with this one With a simple construction, the hard rubber ring 66 can be made to vibrate by the sand particles thrown on it whereby the settled sand particles peel off. In the embodiment of Fig. 15, there is a hard rubber ring 66a attached to the top portion 59a of the container 59 with a suitable air gap 56 therebetween. at With this construction shown in Fig. 15, the hard rubber ring 66a can vibrate more freely and thereby the deposited Remove sand particles more effectively.

Since in the above-described water separator, the sludge deposited on the manbel 6o and that on the upper Section of the container settled sand particles increase their volume over time, preventing them from being separated Fabrics a smooth stream of water or sand particles. The use of facilities to remove the settled Substances is therefore beneficial. When a rotating disc with baffles is used, an air flow is created generated along the wall surfaces, which more or less acts to prevent settling. If however, when sand particles settle, they prevent smooth airflow so that the deposits grow quickly.

Fig. 16 shows a further embodiment of a water separator, the excess water is removed by an impact force without taking advantage of the centrifugal force, such as it is generated by the rotating disk. In this modification, a fine aggregate, for example Sand, introduced into a hopper 1 by means of a conveyor 71 and then to a horizontal rotor 77 with a plurality of radial guide surfaces 79 by means of a

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Dosing device 76 out, which successively supplies sand with a fixed amount. The rotor 77 is driven by an electric motor 74 so that a certain impact force is exerted on the sand particles picked up by the rotor. At the front of the rotor 77 , first to third funnels φ4, 85 and BB are arranged to receive the sand particles that are thrown forward from the rotor 77 . Each funnel is provided with a discharge flap 83 for discharging the sand particles collected in it.

The first funnel 84 is used for this. water and Collect sludge deposited on the sand particles, while the second and third funnels Θ5 or 86 sand particles recorded their surface water is set. The hopper 86 collects coarse sand particles. Overall, the sand particles hit by the rotor become thrown over different distances, depending on the mass of the sand particles. The water content remains attached to the guide surfaces and is collected on the top of the surfaces 79 by centrifugal force and then dispensed into funnel 84 in the form of drops. A cover 2oo covers the funnels 84, 85 and 86, which are divided by adjustable partition plates 81.

In the water separator of Fig. 16, excess water becomes removed by an impact force while the sand particles are classified according to their particle size. Since the treated sand particles, the amount of water remaining differs depending on the particle size, this modified one is suitable Water separator especially for a fine aggregate with particles of different sizes, as the Sand particles can be classified according to their size. Accordingly, they have accumulated in each of the hoppers 85 and 86 Sand particles have essentially the same particle size. The amount of water left on the sand particles

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remains is also essentially constant.

Further embodiments of water separators are shown in FIGS. In Fig. 17, the fine Aggregate, d. H. the sand, between a pair of parallel spaced hard rubber rotors 75 dropped, rotating at a speed higher than the speed of fall of the sand. The sand will then discharged downward and falls onto an inclined cleat 78 which is fixed by a holder 78e.

That deposited on the surface of the sand ax Water is then separated off. The sand particles are, as shown by the solid arrows, to the left deflected and discharged through a discharge opening 73. That separated water and the sludge are collected in a gutter. Cleaning water is supplied from a storage tank 62 supplied via an inlet port 62a and an outlet port 62b in the same way as in the embodiment of FIG. 12, in order to wash away dirt or sludge that has accumulated the back of the jacket 62d has accumulated. The sand particles can move horizontally or slightly behind be thrown down as in Figures 6 to 15. There can be two or more pairs of rotors 75 side by side be arranged to increase the amount of sand to be treated.

In a further modification shown in FIG. 18A, the sand particles falling from the funnel are with it high speed against an inclined cleat 78 fixed by a bracket 78e by means of a Pair of conveyors 72 flung out at high speed to run. A jacket 62d is supplied with cleaning water at a point lower than that Butt plate 78 to prevent sludge from adhering to the inner surface of the shell. Through high-speed

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Belt conveyor 72 applies high velocity energy to the thrown sand particles regardless of their amount brought to action. Where the belt conveyors 72 are not supposed to run at high speed, the upper belt conveyor is used 72 is replaced by a rotating element Bo, which sits at the discharge end of the lower belt conveyor, so that a B. required speed energy is impressed. When the belt conveyors are running at high speed, tilt the sand particles for jumping or spraying, whereby the efficiency of the impressing of the velocity energy or of the momentum is decreased.

In the structure shown in Fig. 18B, it is possible. Effective removal of water without sand particles falling off the conveyor WBg. When the sand particles are not in the horizontal Direction against gravity, the sand particles can be thrown downwards as in Fig. 17 be thrown.

In the modification shown in Fig. 19, the sand particles become fed from the hopper 1 to a high pressure air nozzle 98 via its metering device 97, whereby the particles against a butt plate 78 by the velocity energy of the high pressure air. This will remove excess Surface water removed. As with the previous embodiments, the inner surface of the jacket is through Cleaning water cleaned.

Since in the embodiments described above in essentially all the sand particles on which the high-speed energy hits come into action, are brought to collide with a cleat, the cleat wears out quickly, so that it is necessary to change them frequently. The modification of Fig. 2o is built so that this problem is avoided. A pair of spaced-apart belt conveyors 95 are used for this purpose

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To impose high speed energy on sand particles so that they are flung away by the belt conveyors and collide with each other in the space between the conveyors, so that the removed from the sand particles in that space Water is sprayed. A motor-driven fan 241 is used to extract the air that is the sprayed water leads to the outside via a line 212, which may have a mist separator, not shown. Although all the sand particles that are thrown away do not collide with one another with this type of construction, only a minor one hits Proportion of the thrown sand particles on a cleat 212 in the form of an inverted funnel, so that its wear remains small.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2o, the impact force is different for the respective sand tails, so that the amount of water remaining on the sand particles does not is always constant. In order to exclude this, a dash-dot-drawn shock plate 234 between the Belt conveyors 235 are arranged. When to contain sludge Sand particles are thrown away, the cleat 94 is taken out through a window not shown and cleaned. The cleat 234 can be a thick casting.

In each of the above-described embodiments creates a substantially uniform impact force on the fine aggregate applied to remove the excess water. As long as the impact force is greater than the adhesive force of the water on the particles of the fine aggregate it is possible to remove excess water. The removed water flows down along the cleat while the particles of the fine aggregate can fall down or move outwards.

The result of the water separator according to the invention The water separation effected is shown in FIG.

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Regardless of the difference in the amount of surface water, which changes depending on the particle size, as long as the amount of surface water is a priori exceeds a specified limit prior to treatment, it can be seen from the curves of FIG a substantially constant amount of water remains on the sand particles after treatment. Even if the amount of the original Water is less than the predetermined limit, an amount of water can be removed that is proportional to the initial amount of water. When the impulse force is increased by increasing the speed of rotation of the rotating disc, the amount of what remains after the treatment decreases Water and vice versa, but the course of the resulting curves is similar to that shown in FIG. Around For this reason, making the amount of water remaining after the treatment uniform becomes an amount of water added to the fine aggregate to reduce the initial amount of water set so that it is higher than, for example, 15%.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the mixer B Water added in two stages, that with the fine aggregates is mixed by the water removing device A to be treated.

In the first stage, water is added to the treated fine aggregate using a water sprayer D _1. The aggregate is intimately mixed in order to apply a uniform amount of water to the respective particles. Then, a powder of a hydraulic substance such as cement is added through an addition means C and mixed with the fine aggregate, thereby forming cement shells around the fine aggregate particles. An additional amount of water is added by means of an additional water device Oy. The mixture is then kneaded.

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The shells so formed are strong enough to withstand the subsequent addition of water and kneading. A component formed with this mixture has a large
Mechanic solidity. After the containment of the hydraulic substance, the mixture can be transported to a remote station.

According to the invention, it is not always necessary to add water in two stages and the hydraulic substances between the addition of the water. The water can also be used all at once
be admitted. The fine aggregate, the amount of surface water of which is set to a predetermined value by the impact force, determines the amount of water to be added thereafter in order to form a forcibly mixed or kneaded mass. This allows you to do so in a reasonable manner
the ratio of water to cement W / C, the ratio of sand to cement S / C and other factors of the mixture are determined in order to achieve a uniform and increased mechanical strength of the products. Although coarse aggregate can be added at any stage, it is advantageous to add it "; immediately prior to adding the primary water.

A preferred example of a mixer is shown in FIG. 22
shown. This mixer has a mixing chamber 11o with a screw mechanism 1o4. As shown in Fig. 23 is
the mixing chamber 11o in cross section U-shaped and with a
elastic cover lined 1o5. On the outside
the elastic layer or the elastic film 1o5 chambers 1o6 for applying a pressure are provided, whereby
the elastic film 1o5 is pressed inward. Fine
Aggregates whose surface water is adjusted,
and coarse aggregate are in the mixing chamber 11o am
introduced left end via hopper 1o1 or 1o3 and a belt conveyor 111. Then a predetermined amount of water is drawn from a water tank 114 via a pipe 115

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and a valve 115a added. In an intermediate section of the mixing chamber 11o is a water tank 114 over a branch pipe 116 with a valve 116a is supplied with secondary water. The branch pipe 116a is made up of a tank 117 one or more via a pipe 118 with a valve 118a Additives such as dispersants, retarders, rapid hardeners, etc. are supplied. When the multitude If additives are not to be introduced at the same time, a large number of independent tanks can be provided each of which contains an aggregate. There is an outlet opening at the rear or right end 1o9 for the delivery of the kneaded mass to a container 12o. The mass in the container becomes one Processing station promoted by means of a tank truck, a pipe, a conveyor or the like.

The pressure applying chamber 10 & is sealed. It is supplied with compressed air or water. When a pulsating Pressure fluid is applied, the mass adhering to the elastic film 1o5 can be easily removed. The pressure adjacent chambers 1o6 contain elastic tubes 8. The tubes 8 can, however, also be made of sponge rubber or be replaced by a mass of hair, which is to be understood as a mixture of human or animal hair, which are connected by latex or a synthetic resin binder and have a substantial elasticity. Though the pressure applying chamber 1o6 can be provided along the entire bottom length of the mixing chamber 11o, it is It is advantageous to provide a plurality of spaced apart pressure-applying chambers 1o6, as shown in Fig. will be shown. This structure prevents the elastic film from bulging excessively into the mixing chamber and the Functioning of the worm mechanism impaired.

When the mixer shown in Fig. 22 is used to produce compounds such as mortar or concrete, the

030040/0662

Mixing chamber 11o cement powder supplied from a cement tank 1o2 via a metering device 112. A first stage I. results from the way of working between the sand funnel To1 and the cement tank 1o2. The second stage II results from the mode of operation between the cement tank 1o2 and the secondary water supply pipe 116. The third Stage III results from the operation between the tube 116 and the discharge opening 1o9. To make mortar or cement, In the first stage I, part of the water required to produce the finished mass is added to the mixture of sand and gravel added via a pipe 115. The water content of the mixture is determined by means of the screw mechanism 1o4 made uniform. A measured amount of cement is then added to the mixture to create stable cement shells to form the respective sand particles in the second stage II.

For the production of cement mortar, the secondary water is combined via a pipe 116 in the third stage III added with one or more desired additives. In the connection shown in FIG. 22, the additive is first mixed with a large amount of secondary water in the pipe 116 mixed so that even an additive having a high viscosity can be mixed uniformly.

Instead of using a single elastic tube 1o8, As shown in FIG. 23, a plurality of side by side tubes 10 8 can be used as shown in FIG Fig * 24 is shown. With this type of construction, it is not necessary to design the pressure-generating chamber 1o6 in such a way that that it is sufficiently airtight. Furthermore, the pipes 1o8, which must be airtight, can pass through Friction is not damaged by the worm mechanism 1o4 can set. When water is introduced into the pipes 1o8, their internal pressure can easily be reduced by bare

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Changing the level of a water tank can be set. For example, the water tank can be arranged at one point which is 1.5 to 2 m higher than the pipes 1o8. It has been shown that this mirror im Water tank is enough to make a satisfactory cement mortar or concrete.

As shown in Fig. 23, additional pressure applying chambers 126 may be provided above the screw mechanism 1o4 which contain an elastic tube. The elastic tubes 12Θ not only contribute to the effect of the elastic Rohres 1oss at the bottom of the mixing chamber, but also reinforce the U-shaped elastic film 1o5, in particular if it has aged or stretched to a greater or lesser extent, thereby creating a desired sealing relationship as opposed to the worm mechanism 1o4 is maintained.

The dispensing opening 1o9 can be on one side of the mixing chamber 11o, as shown in Fig. 22, be designed, since this construction diB mass over the entire length of the May contain mixing chamber, so that even if the mass has a noticeably high fluidity, the entire length of the Mixing chamber can be used effectively.

Figures 25 and 26 show modified mixers. While the mixing chamber 11o in FIG. 22 consists of a single one-piece part, the mixing chamber 11o of FIGS. 25 and 26 is made from a plurality of sections. In the embodiment of FIG. 25, the mixing chamber 11o has a plurality of cascaded sections 11oa, 11ob and 11oc which are arranged at different levels. A sand container 1o1, a water container 121 and a first screw section 1o4a driven _{by a motor M 1 are provided for the first section 11oa.} The sand container 1o1 has a water content measuring device 122 for measuring the water content of the sand, which is from a

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Water removing device A of those described above Manner, whereby the amount of water supplied to the water tank 121 is controlled. The second section 11od has a second section 1o4b of the screw mechanism and a hopper 11oe for the reception the mixture of sand and water from the first section and a measured amount of cement from the cement container 1o2. The third section 11oc has a hopper 11od for receiving the kneaded mixture from the second section 11ob and for secondary water from the water tank 123 and also a discharge opening 1o9 on End of the third section, which has a discharge tube 124 for conveying the obtained mass to a receiving device 12o is connected.

The section 1a4b of the snap mechanism is connected to a hollow tube which has a second section. The hollow pipe is rotated by means of a motor M- via a pinion and a ring gear 134 which is attached to the pipe. A horizontal shaft 135, which is driven by a motor M _3, extends through the third section 11oc. The horizontal shaft 135 has a plurality of paddles 136 that are set at a predetermined angle to ensure uniform mixing.

In the modification in Fig. 26, the sections 11oa, 11ob and 11oc arranged coaxially, whereby a continuous mixing chamber is formed. Sections 1o4a, 1o4b and 1o4c sit on a common shaft 14o, which is driven by a motor M, which is in the mixing chamber of the Fig. 26 sits on the left. The second section 11ob and the third section 11oc are powered by motors M or M ^ j in the opposite direction to the screw sections 1o4b and 1o4c driven to improve the mixing efficiency. To add the secondary water to the the same place as shown in Fig. 25 is the

040/0 66 2

Wells 14o formed hollow at least in the third section, in order to supply water from a water tank 133 via openings 133a at one end of the third section 11oc.

Although the multi-section construction of the mixing chamber of Figures 25 and 26 is more or less complicated, since the volume of the contents of the respective sections is determined by the constituents added to the respective sections changes, it is possible to build the respective sections to have contents with changing volumes. Mixtures of different types can be used as shown in the relevant sections.

Another example of a mixer that can be used in accordance with the invention is shown in FIGS shown. The mixing chamber has a U-shaped cross-section and a length that is sufficient to accommodate all of the mixing and Complete kneading. Through the mixing chamber 16o extends a horizontal rotatable shaft 159, which with a A plurality of mixing elements 15B is provided, which are arranged as a whole along a helix. Uie angle of inclination and the pitches of the respective mixing elements change according to the mixing stages. At the left end of the first section I is supplied by a belt conveyor sand, whose water content by means of a water removal device A is set in the manner described. The primary water is essentially the same Place supplied via a water pipe 155. Coarse aggregate, d. H. Gravel, is attached to a gravel bin 155a fed to a point between the first section I and the second section II, while cement from a Cement container 155c is then added to the gravel container 155a. The secondary water and additives are at a point between the second section II and the third section III by tubes 155b and 155d, respectively

030040/0862

- 3B - ■■ "" "'

fed. In addition to the mixing elements 156 are relative small auxiliary mixing elements 157 on the sections of the shaft 159 arranged in the first section I and the second section II. These additional mixing elements 157 are opposite inclined towards the main mixing elements 158. If the direction of the additional mixing elements is the same as that is the main mixing element, the angle of inclination becomes the additional Mixing elements set larger than that of the main mixing elements. The main and auxiliary mixing elements are inclined and arranged along a continuous helical line. As can be seen from FIGS. 29, 30, 33 and 34, the main mixing elements are more than 30 ° around the circumference the rotating shaft 159 separated and constructed so that each main mixing element does not extend through an angle of at least 36o. As in Figures 29 and 3o shown, the additional inching elements 157 have a smaller size Height than the main mixing element 158. In Figure 3o, auxiliary mixing elements 157 are used to represent the main mixing elements 158 to hold.

As shown in Figures 33 and 34, both the main and auxiliary mixing elements 158 and 157 are on the rotating shaft 159 fixed by means of suitable fasteners 156.

In the constructions shown in FIGS. 27 to 37, the speed of movement of the mixture changes towards the outlet opening 166 depending on the angle of inclination of the mixing elements 157 and 158 to the rotating shaft 159 accordingly the change in the mass of the mixed added composition. If you only look at the weight, it is Movement speed at the infeed end minimal while it is maximum at the end of the submission. In the method according to the invention, in which the water content of the mixture however, this problem is not that simple '. The volume changes between a case in which sand

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has a relatively small amount of water, for example 2 to 3%, and a case where the sand is much more Contains water. If cement is included in a relatively dry mix that will form shells, it will its volume a maximum, while when water is added to the fluidity or flowability of the mixture to increase its weight increases, however, its volume decreases significantly. In the measure shown in Fig. 27, in which the primary water is added to the surface water To make it uniform, the inclination angle of the main mixing members 157 is set to a standard value, while the additional mixer elements 157 in opposite Direction are inclined to realize a relatively slow feed rate. In the second stage II the inclination angle of the main mixing elements 158 is made relatively large as shown in FIG Inclination angle of the Zusafczmischßlemente 157 made larger in order to achieve a higher advance speed, so that an increase in mass in stage II is possible. In stage III, the flowability decreases after Inclusion of the secondary water, whereby the volume is further reduced. Because of this, the angle of inclination becomes of the main mixing elements 158 in stage III set to standard in order to set the feed rate in relation to the section II decrease. For the reason described above, the mixture in a mixing chamber 16o with a uniform cross-section can be mixed without a constant surface level, regardless of the change in Bulk mass. At the dispensing opening 166, the surface mirror picks up of the mixture rapidly as the mixture is discharged, so that it is advantageous to use an auxiliary mixing element 157a at this section in order to make the residence time of the mixture at this section as long as possible. The mass discharged from the opening 166 is held in a receiving device 17o added, but the mixture released can also be conveyed through a line or a pump will.

030040/0862

While in the embodiment of Figures 27 to 3o Change in the bulk mass is taken into account by changing the angle of inclination of the mixing elements 158, in the embodiment of FIGS. 31 and 32, the Change in the bulk mass taken into account in that the volume of the mixing chamber 16o is changed. In particular the height of the side walls 16od of the mixing chamber 16o in section II is increased in order to increase the volume. In this Stage in which the cement shells are formed around the sand particles and the amount of water between the sand particles is very small, even if the volume of the mixture increases, the flowability is poor, so the change the bulk mass can only be managed by increasing the height of the side walls 1Bod. Even if high Side walls 16od are provided, the cross-sectional shape of the mixing chamber 16o is generally U-shaped, so that the Transition of the mixing can be carried out effectively by the inclined mixer elements 158 and the section of FIG Mixture, which is curved upwards in section II, is subjected to an effective mixing process. If the If the pitch of the mixing element is suitably selected in Section II, mixing and Kentening is effective the mixture is ensured over a relatively short length of section II.

The embodiments of FIGS. 27 to 3o are suitable for the production of a large amount of cement mortar or cement paste with excellent properties.

The invention is explained in more detail on the basis of the examples below.

example 1

In this example, the device of Fig. 2 is used, which has a rotating disk 2 with a diameter of 400 mm and a motor 4 with a speed

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is driven by 1100 rpm. The rotating disk 2 In order to bring about the collision of the sand particles with the impact plate 6, fine fluvial sand is added which contains 3.98% Contains water and has a fineness modulus FM of 1.28%. The fineness modulus FM is determined according to the following equation :

Fn «L ρ / loo

n-1 ⁿ

where P is weight percent of the aggregate used in a mesh of o, 15, o, 3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.5 or 5 mm remains after sieving. The supplied mass flow of the water containingon Sand to the hopper 1 is varied in a range from 50 to 10 kg / min. The water content of the through the conveyor 11 conveyed sand is measured 9.4 to 1o, 1%, which shows that the amount of surface water is essentially constant,

If the speed of the rotating disk 2 is increased to 500 rpm, the measurement gives an amount of surface water from 6.06 to 6.38%, which shows that the amount of surface water is significantly reduced compared to the case in which the rotating disk is at a lower speed rotates, the change in the amount of surface water being much smaller.

Example 2. ·. *, · ■ '■.'

With the same device of Fig. 1, sand particles with an average size and a water content of 2.25% and a unit module FM of 2.28% in the same way treated. In this example, however, water is added to the sand at the outlet from the hopper 1 with an amount of 4 l / min added. When the rotating disk 2 is rotated at a speed of ΙΙ00 rpm, the water content is

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- 42 - ■■ · ·

of the treated sand 4.7 to 5.3%, which shows that the Amount of surface water is reduced as the treated Sand has a larger particle size. However, it has been shown that the area in which the amount of Surface water changes, has become narrower. When the speed of the rotating disk 2 is increased to 500 rpm In contrast, the amount of surface water changes in a narrower range of 4.33 to 4.85%.

Example 3

Coarse sand from a different origin than that used in example 1 with a water content of 3.31% and a fineness modulus FM of 2.96 \ is treated as in example 2. When the rotating disk 2 is rotated at a relatively low speed of 1100 rpm, the amount of surface water is 3.3 to 4.2%, while when rotating at a higher speed of 500 rpm, the amount of surface water is 3.2 to 3%. 52%, which gives a narrower range.

Example 4

In this example the device of Figs. 4 and 5 is used, the rotating disk 2 having a diameter of 45o mm and is rotated by a motor 4 at a speed of 125o rpm. Medium-sized fluvial sand is left with a water content of 2.25% and a fineness modulus FM of 3.27% collide with the impact plate 6. The water containing sand is fed into the funnel 1 with a flow rate of 25 m / h. There is water on the sand Sprayed 5 to 4o l / min while the sand is conveyed by the conveyor 3o. The treated sand that was in the lower section of the container is collected is transported by the conveyor 11. The extracted sand is

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would check every minute and ^measure the water content of the treated sand. The measured water content is in a range from 8.79 to 8.93%. It turns out that the amount of surface water is essentially constant,

d. H. is between 6.54 and 6.58%. The amount of won

3 nenen sand after treatment is 24.1 m / h, which is a high yield of 96.2%. The amount not recovered consists essentially of sludge.

When the number of revolutions of the rotating disk 2 is increased to 1500 rpm, the water content of the treated sand is 6.92 to 7.04 %, the amount of surface water being 4.66 to 4.77%. At a higher speed of 175o rpm, the water content of the treated sand is 5.79 to 5, Ü8%, the amount of surface water is 3.53 to 3.62 \. In any case, the amount of surface water is reduced and essentially constant. The amount of sand treated and reclaimed is 24.28 m / h

3
at 1500 rpm and 24.52 m / h at 175o rpm.

Example 5

The apparatus used in Example 4 becomes the treatment of medium-sized sea sand with a water content of 2.46%, a salinity of o.33% and a Fineness module FM of 2.62% used. In this example, 3o l / min of water are added to the sand while it is transported by the conveyor.

When the rotating disk is rotated at a low speed, the water content of the sand being treated is lower at 8.56 to 8.71%, the amount of surface water at 6.4o to 6.55%. Since the sand is coarse, its surface water amount becomes also decreased at the same speed of the disc. Although the treated sand still contains 0.03% salt it can be used to make fresh or green

030040/0662

Mortar or concrete can be used as cement shells are formed. The amount of sand extracted

3
is 23.8 m / h.

When the rotating disk 2 rotates at a speed of 1500 rpm, the water content of the treated one is Sand 6.76 to 6.83%, the amount of surface water 4.30 to 4.37%, while the water content is increased when the speed of the rotating disk is increased to 175o rpm of the treated sand is 5.51 to 5.58% and the amount of surface water is 3.05 to 3.12%, which shows that the change in the amount of water is also small. The salt content is 0.028% at 1500 rpm and 0.88% at 175o rpm o, o27%. Thus, the sand containing salt can be used to make a concrete mass.

To remove the salt, it is necessary to use cleaning water in an amount that is at least equal the dos sea sand is so that to remove salt

3 3

from 25 m of sea sand the use of 25 to 80 m of pure ■ water is necessary. In contrast, this is the case Example the amount of water added to the sea sand 3o l / min or 1.8 m / h.

If salt by spraying water on the sea sand is removed, the salt is not removed uniformly. Even if the average amount of remaining water is o, o3% it changes between o, oo2 and o, 15o%, which means that a considerable amount of the washing water is more than 0.04% of the residual salt, which is a permissible upper limit. In this example, if water is added to the Sea sand is added while being transported by a conveyor in an amount of only 3o l / min the water separation is effectively carried out by the impact force, the amount of the remaining salt is only 0.07 to o, o38%.

0 * 0040/0662

Example 6

Fine particles of a slag pulverized by water with a fineness modulus FM of 2.53% and a water content of 2.90% are treated as in Example 4. if the water is removed at a speed of 125o rpm of the disc 2, the water content of the slag particles is 8.99 to 9.27% and the amount of surface water 6.09 to 6.37%, while at a speed of 175o rpm the Decrease the water content to 6.19 to 6.28% and the surface water amount to 4.29 to 4.38%. The amount of won

3 3 3

sand is 20, 0 m, 24.3 m and 24.51 m at speeds from 125o, 15oo or 175o rpm.

Bei p iel 7

The device of Figures 6 to 9 is used. With clor device becomes cabbage cup with one particle size treated from 0.15 to 5 mm, which contains 3 to 15% surface water. The feed speed is in a range from 8o to 2oo kg / min is selected.

The rotating part 52 is provided with guide surfaces with a length of 25o mm between the axis and the outer end. The rotating element rotates at a speed of 1500 rpm, which removes water from the coal dust will. After treatment, the coal dust has 4.2 to 4.3% surface water, which allows for uniform removal of Water shows. Sludge on the particles of coal dust is also effectively separated.

Example 8

In this example, the apparatus of FIGS. 1o, 11 and 12 is used to convert water from blast furnace slag with 2o, 5 to remove up to 57.5% surface water.

080040/0662

The rotating element 52 has a radius of 300 mm and rotates at a speed of 2,000 rpm. The treated slag contains 12 to 15% surface water. The particle size the slag is larger than 0.1 mm, which can be classified.

Example 9

The device of FIGS. B to 9 is used. at This example uses mineral particles with a water content of 28 to 46% and a grain size of less than Preheated 3 mm to about Oo C and then poured into funnel 1.

The rotating member 52 is provided with blades that have a length of 25o mm between the axis and the ends of the blades. The rotating body rotates with one Speed of 185o rpm. The Boa cleat is set to about 6o C heated. After the treatment, the amount of oil that is in the Mineral particles remain, 4.8 to 5.3%, with an essentially uniform removal of the oil is slowed down.

In one known method of removing oil from mineral particles, the oil is removed by evaporation. For this purpose it is necessary to place the particles on a To heat a temperature of 500 ° C for a considerable period of time with stirring. It is also required that the to win evaporated oil by condensation, which requires a complex device. In contrast, the The device according to the invention is simple in structure and consumes little operating energy.

The following examples demonstrate the use of fine particles to make up water by the process of the present invention has been removed with the device according to the invention.

080040 / 06.62

Example 1o

For the production of cement mortar by a conventional method, almost completely dried river sand is used medium size, water and 956 kg of cement at a ratio of C / S of 1: 1 and a ratio of W / C of 35%. There are 765 kg of dispersant in the form of lignosulphonic acid added and the mixture kneaded. The mixture obtained has a considerable number of Air bubbles and a flowability of 42 seconds when measured with a 3-Trxchter which is 6.5 cm in diameter on the loading side, a height of 45 cm and a diameter on the discharge side of 1.0 cm. The percentage the breezing after 3 h is 6%. The product molded with this mortar has a compression

2 siunsfnstigkoit of 37.5, 40, i) or Π6.3 N / mm according to 3, 7 and 28 Tfigon. The coefficient of change after 28 days is 15.3 %.

Using the apparatus of Fig. 4 becomes the same Sand dehydrated according to Example 4. When the rotating disk is rotated at a speed of 175o rpm, is the amount of surface water after treatment 3.53%. Cement and water (total water minus the residual water) and a dispersant are added to the treated sand added in amounts to obtain the same W / S and W / C ratios as described above. After kneading for 2 minutes, the result is a cement mortar with a flowability of 13 seconds, measured with the J-funnel, while the formation percentage o.5% after 3 hours. Products made with this mortar have a compressive strength of 53.2, 69.8 and 79.0 N / mm 3, 7 or 28 days. The coefficient of change is 4.8%.

The water content of the same medium-sized sand is measured at a speed of 175o rpm of the rotating disk

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reduced, resulting in a surface water volume of 3.53% is set. After uniformly including 16.47% primary water in the sand so treated an amount of cement which is sufficient to achieve a ratio of C / S = 1: 1 is added and the mixture mixed to form cement shells or coatings which have a W / C ratio of 20% around the sand particles. After adding 15% secondary water and 0.8% dispersant, the mixture is kneaded. A cement mortar is obtained with a flowability of 19 s and a pitting percentage from zero to 3 h. The compressive strength of the products molded with this mortar is 61.9, 73.9 and 85.5 N / mm after 3, 7 and 28 days, respectively, the coefficient of change is 2.2%. Compared to products made according to the known method, the products according to the invention have a higher compressive strength and are more stable.

Example 11

The same amount of the sand used in Example 10, which, however, is not dewatered by the method according to the invention, is mixed with 347 kg of cement and 3.5 kg of dispersant and with water. A mortar with ratios of C / S = 1: 2, C / G = 1: 3.6 and W / C = 42% is obtained. The mortar has a set value of 2.1 cm, a noticeable formation of gravel and air bubbles. The compressive strength of the products made with this mortar is 20, 8, 28.4 and 33.4 N / mm after 3, 7 and 28 days. The coefficient of change is 17.4%. The same mortar is now produced, but the surface water is reduced to 3.53%. Less than 2.5 minutes after kneading, the mortar has a settling value of 8.2 cm and a certain degree of segregation and bruising. The products molded with this mortar have a compressive strength of 27.4, 34.8 and 48.2 N / mm ² after 3, 7 and 28 days, respectively

030040/0662

and a coefficient of change of 8.2%, which is an increase the strength of 50% and a uniform quality.

6.47% primary water is added to the same river sand, the surface water amount of which is set at 3.53%. The same amount of sand as described above is added to form cement shells, the W / C content being 20%. Then gravel, 22% secondary water and 1% dispersing agent based on the amount of cement are included and mixed, resulting in a concrete mass B with a keyword of 11 B cm. The product molded with the concrete has a compressive strength of 30, 0, 30.2 and 51.3 N / mm after 3, 7 and 28 days, respectively, and a change coefficient of 5.1%, which is a 50 " increase in compressive strength and gives uniformity of the product.

Baispiol 12

1.5% by volume of steel fibers are added to a concrete mass with the same approach as in the example. The sand is at this example is not dehydrated in the manner according to the invention. The concrete mass obtained has a settling value of 1.5 cm and shows a large degree of segregation and formation of gravel. The flexural strength of the concrete product that is

2 clay mass is produced is 5.8 N / mm after 28 days.

In contrast to this, the concrete mass in which sand drained according to the invention is used has a settling value of 7.4 cm immediately after kneading and a slight segregation and gravel formation. A made of this concrete mass

2 concrete product has a flexural strength of 7.5 N / mm after 28 days.

030040/0662

A concrete mass using drained sand particles formed with cement casings having a W / C ratio of about 20% and in

the steel fibers are enclosed, has a setting value of 12.8 cm and does not show any formation (breezung). The concrete product that is made with this concrete mass.
Days.

Example 13

has a flexural strength of 9.2 N / mm after 28

The same river sand as in Examples 10 to 12 is used. When dry, 35o kg of cement are 112o kg of sand, 700 kg of coarse aggregate and 10.5 kg of rapid hardening agent mixed. The received The mixture is sent to a work station by means of compressed air, where an amount of water is added a ratio of W / C of 50% results. The BßtonmassB obtained is against a vertical wall through a blower nozzle hurled. The amount of rebound is around 35%. When hurled against the wall of a tunnel, the Amount of dust generated around 75o CPM. 28 days after being centrifuged, the concrete has a compressive strength of 23.2 N / mm and a coefficient of change of 14.5%.

The concrete mass with the same composition of Examples 1o to 12, but with the amount of surface water is set to 3.53%, spinning is carried out under the same conditions. It is found that the rebound amount 18% and the amount of dust generated is 34o CPM. The centrifuged concrete has a compressive strength

speed of 36.3 N / mm after 28 days and a coefficient of change of 5.3%.

For the formation of cement shells with a W / C ratio of 2o% becomes the same sand, its surface water

030040/0662

is set at 3.53% and mixed an amount of cement. Then, an amount of water to ensure a W / C ratio of 34.2 % and 0.6% dispersant based on cement weight is added, resulting in a mortar having high flowability. The mortar is transported through a pipe under pressure. Furthermore, a dry mixture is produced with ratios of C / S ^a 1: 3, o1 and S / A «56%, with A being a coarse additive. The mixture is conveyed under pressure through another pipe. The two masses are mixed with one another at the work site in a ratio of 1: 1.75 parts by volume and with a suitable amount of a rapid curing agent. The concrete composition suitable for spinning has a W / C ratio of 42% and contains 352 kg of cement. She is thrown against a wall. The rebound mengo at the time of spinning is 8.9%. The amount of dust generated 72 CPM. The compressive strength of the centrifuged concrete after 2 ½ days is 54.2 N / mrn, the coefficient of change is 3.2%. The compressive strength is increased by 100 % . The coefficient of change reduced by 1/5 compared to the conventional concrete mass.

Example 14

In this example, the water removing device A of FIG. 16 is combined with the mixer B of FIG. With the water removal device A, a fluvial sand becomes medium Treated size, the 23% water and a surface water amount of 3 to 27% as well as a fineness module FM of 2.1.

The rotating element 77 is provided with guide surfaces 79 with a length of 225 mm and rotates at a speed of 125o rpm. The sand containing water is fed to the funnel 1 with a flow rate of 50 to 120 kg / min. Of the

030040/0662

Sand in funnel 85 contains 6.7 to 6.9% surface water, that in funnel 86 contains 6.4 to 6.8% surface water. The amount of surface water of the sand in the funnel corresponds to that of medium-sized sand.

When the speed of the rotating element reaches 1500 rpm is increased, the water content of the sand in the funnel 85 is 5.6 to 5.9%, that of the sand in the funnel 86 5.2 to 5.4%. If the speed continues to increase to 175o rpm is, the water content in the sand in the funnel 85 is 3.9 to 4.2% and that in the funnel 86 is 4.1 to 4.3%, what results in an essentially equal water content.

Cement, water and 1% dispersant, based on the cement volume, are added to the treated sand to give ratios of C / S of 1: 2 and W / C of 43%. The amount of water added corresponds to the difference between the added water and the surface water. The kneaded mixture has a flowability which can be represented by the three parameters according to DE-OS 27 03 353. The first parameter F is 1.54 g / cm (initial shear strength), the second parameter λ is 0.86 gs / cm [relative closing coefficient) and the third parameter AF is 0.034 g / cm (relative closing coefficient). The segregation and the formation of gravel or breezing amounts to 0.05%. The compressive strength of a product formed using the mortar produced in this way is 43.8 to 45.2, on average 44.7 N / mm ² and 52.1 to 54.5, on average 53.4 N / mm ² , after 7 or 28 days. Although there is little segregation and pitting, the product has uniform strength.

In addition to the kneading process in which the entire amount of water is added at one time, there is another Process carried out, the shell formation and the addition

030040/0662

of the water in two stages. The secondary water will fed through a pipe 155 to ensure a surface water of 10%. Then a lot of portland cement is used added to achieve a W / C ratio of 20%. Finally, 153 kg of secondary water and 1% dispersant based on cement volume, ■ added to make a cement mortar with ratios of S / C «2 and W / C ■ 43%. The fluidity of the

3 mortar can be represented by the first parameter F »2.63 g / cm, the second parameter λ = 1.08 g / cm and the third parameter Δ F = 0.072 g / cm. There is no segregation and no gravel formation. The molded product has a compressive strength of 52.1 to 54.5, on average 53.5 N / mm ² , and 62, i
after 7 or 2Π days,

53.5 N / mm ² , and 62.0 to 65.6, mean 64.2 N / mm ²

Part of the heaped sand, 285 kg of water, 664 kg of cement, are mixed and kneaded to obtain a mortar with a flowability whose first parameter F " o.74 g / cm, whose second parameter λ = 1.37 gs / cm

4 and the third parameter of which is ^ F »o, o14 g / cm.

The segregation and the formation of gravel amount to 1.4%. The product formed from this mortar has a compressive strength of 26.8 to 36.7, on average 33.2 N / mm ² and 35.3 to 50.1, on average 39.7 N / mm ² after 7 and 28, respectively Days. Thus the mechanical strength is considerably lower and variable.

Example 15

Mixer A from FIGS. 6 to 9 is used for dewatering. The upper portion of the funnel 51 becomes Fine sand containing water with an amount of surface water from 3 to 27%, a water absorption of 2.8% and a fineness modulus FM of 1.93. On the sand water is sprayed at an amount of 3o l / min while

0040/0662

the sand is conveyed. The rotating member 52 rotates at a speed of 1500 rpm and flings the Sand with an amount of 36o to 45o kg / min. The amount of water remaining on the sand pieces after the drainage treatment is 8.3 to 8.5% and shows little change. This means that even if the Speed is changed more or less, it is possible to adjust the amount of surface water as desired.

Cement, gravel and water are added to the drained sand added in such amounts that the ratios of S / C = ■ 1: 2, S / G - 30.5% and W / C = 43% result. There will be 1.2% Dispersant, based on the cement volume, added, and then kneading. The concrete obtained has excellent flowability and settling value of 15.6, with only a slight segregation and gravel formation demonstrate. The product formed with this concrete mass oiriö has an average compressive strength of 28.5 and 41.2 N / mm after 7 or 28 days and a coefficient of change of 8.8%.

When the mixer shown in Fig. 27 is used, the treated sand is used to adjust its surface water content added to 10% primary water. Then 115o kg of gravel and Partland cement powder are added so that a ratio of W / C of 20% results. Then 83 kg of secondary water and 1.2% dispersant, based on the cement volume, added so that a concrete mass with ratios of S / C = 2, S / A = 38.5 and W / C = 43%, which gives a high flowability and has a setting value of 17.2 cm. The product formed from this concrete mass has an average compressive strength of

2 2

35.1 N / mm after 7 days and 46.8 N / mm after 28 days, the coefficient of change is only 5%.

030040/0662 ORIGINAL BATHROOM

To check the water content of the same sand measured and corrected. Then will. 36o kg of cement, 155 kg Water, 72o kg of sand and 115o kg of gravel mixed in a mixer. The concrete mass produced has the same above approach and a setting value of 12 cm. The mean compressive strength of a product formed from it

2 2

is 19.7 N / mm and 34.3 N / mm after 7 and 28 days, respectively. Thus the coefficient of change is 15.6%. aside from that the strength is low and changeable.

Example 15

For treating coarse river sand with 3.8 to 26% water, a water absorption of 1.7% and a coarse grain of 3.35, the water separator shown in FIGS. 10 to 12 is used.

The rotating element 52 is at a speed of Rotated 175o rpm to bring the surface water down to 3.2 3.3% of the sand to be adjusted, which is fed from the funnel 51 at an amount of 36o to 45o kg / min. To including the primary water in the treated sand to adjust its surface water to 14% becomes Portland cement powder added to obtain a W / C ratio of 20%. Then 29o kg of secondary water and 1.2% dispersant, based on cement volume, is added and kneaded, making a mortar with proportions of S / C »1.5 and W / C» 38%. The flowing

3 ability has a first parameter F of 0.69 g / cm (quotient from the pressure at which the mortar begins to flow through a channel with length 1), a second parameter ~ λ of o.35 gs / cm (quotient from the pressure exerted on the mortar and the resulting flow velocity) and a third parameter Δ F of 0.032 g / cm (quotient from the product, consisting of the cross-sectional area of the

Q30CU0 / 0662

flowed channel and from the difference of the first parameters determined between two points in time, divided by the Amount of mortar Q) which flowed through the channel during the two times. The mortar is pumped over a Pipe with an inner diameter of 5 cm and at a speed of 67 m / min to a distant one 120 m Station transported. At the station a part of sand, the surface water of which is adjusted to 3.2 to 3.3% has been, o.95 parts of gravel with a size of 1 to 15 mm and cement powder included to form cement shells, where W / C is about 18% in one place 5 m in front of an inflation nozzle. The concrete mass is then blown against the inner wall of a tunnel.

The amount of baton mass sprayed on is about 8 m / h, the ratio of W / C 33.4%. The amount of cement is 50 kg / m. The amount of rebound at the time of injection lies at 6.5%. The amount of dust generated is included 1.21 mg / m. Concrete up to a thickness of 12o mm is sprayed on the upper wall of the tunnel in a satisfactory manner, without peeling. The mean compressive strength of the inflated concrete is 32.9 and

2
6o, 3 N / mm after 3 and 8 days, respectively. The coefficient of change is 3.2%. The mean strength is 1.4 times higher than known concrete of the same approach, while the coefficient of change is reduced to 1/5.

If the amount of surface water of all parts of the sand is not is set and only a test part is set, and when the concrete is made by adding the sand is and is then sprayed on by a known wet or dry process, is the generated

3 Amount of dust when spraying wet. 6 to 1 ο mg / m, while the

3
when spraying dry is 6 to 10 mg / m. The amount of dust of 1.21 mg / m, as occurs using the method according to the invention, is considerably lower. at

030040/0662

BATH ORIGINAL

Using conventional concrete, the rebound amount is 2o to 3o% in both the hate and the dry Inflation. In contrast, the amount of rebound using the method according to the invention is a fraction these sizes reduced. The reaction at the nozzle is considerably less than when the concrete is blown after State of the art. The conveyed quantity of 3 to 4 m / h of the concrete according to the state of the art can be doubled, if a pipe with an inner diameter of 5 cm is used.

Example 17

In this example, the water separator of Figure 10 is used to treat river sand, which is 3 to 15% surface water and has a water absorption percentage of 2.3% and a coarse grain of 2.1. In In this example, water is added to the sand at a rate of 32 l / min, while the sand is fed by a conveyor is promoted. The rotating member 52 is rotated at a speed of 178o rpm. The sand comes with a Amounts supplied from 36o to 45o kg / min. The amount of surface water remaining on the sand particles is 4.6 to 4.7% showing uniform removal of water.

Then primary water is added to the treated sand, so that its surface water content. 7.6%. Afterward 1196 kg of gravel and such an amount of Portland cement are added that the ratio of W / C is 18%. The resulting mixture is transported by truck to the work site two hours away. At work are dBr mixture 92.4 kg of secondary water and 1.2% dispersant, based on the volume of cement, is added, making a concrete mass with proportions of W / C =: 2.34, S / A - 38.5% and W / C - 46.8%.

θ 300 40/0 662 ORIGINAL

The concrete has a high flowability, which is due to a Setting value of 12.5 cm is illustrated. There is no segregation and no gravel formation. That with this concrete mass molded product has an average compressive strength of 3o, 3 and 42, ο N / mm after 7 or 28 days as well as a coefficient of change of 4.3.%.

On the other hand, in the case of fresh concrete of the same approach, but produced according to a known method, the setting value is reduced proportionally to the time required for transportation, thereby deteriorating workability is. For this reason it is necessary to stir the fresh concrete while the concrete is being poured. In addition, it is After a long distance transport, it is necessary to add more water at the work site, which means din mechanical strength of the product is reduced. For example, the compressive strength of the with a product made from such fresh concrete according to 28

THgr? Π only 3o N / mm, while the coefficient of change is at

15%, which is to be compared with 4.3 \ according to the invention. In addition, it is not necessary according to the invention to transport the entire amount of water.

Example 18

In this example, a mixer of FIG. 22 is used which has an inner diameter of 35o mm in the mixing chamber 11o and has a total length of 4o mm. The shaft or worm 19o rotates at a speed of 7o rpm. River sand whose surface water is adjusted to 3.8 to 4.2% by the water removing device of Figs is fed to the mixing chamber from a funnel 1o1 in an amount of 232 kg / min. From the funnel 1o3 gravel is added at a rate of 412 kg / min. Subsequently, water is passed through the pipe 115 in an amount of 11.25 l / min supplied to the surface water of the

030040/0662 ORIGINAL BATHROOM

Adjust aggregates to 11.6 to 12.6%. Cement is added to the aggregate from a tank at a rate of 115 kg / min in order to form cement shells, the ratio of W / C of which is set to about 24%. Secondary water and a mixture of lignin and sulphonic acid are added to the mixture via a pipe 116 in an amount of 18.6 l / min and 1.13 l / min, respectively, which is followed by continuous kneading in order to produce a fresh concrete with an amount of 20 ι
to manufacture.

Amount of 20 m ³ / h with W / C - 42%, C / S - 1: 2 and S / G - 1: 1.78

This fresh concrete has a setting value of 12 cm and does not show any segregation or gravel formation. The one with the fresh concrete molded product has a compressive strength of 25.4, 34.5 and 44.2 N / mm after 3, 7 and 28 days, respectively.

Example 19

The mixer of Fig. 25 is used. It becomes an artificial light fine aggregate with a density of 1.4 and a surface water content of 8% as well Another artificial light coarse aggregate with a density of 1.6, a particle size of about 15 mm and a surface water content of about 1%. The fine aggregate is in the funnel 1o1 with a Amount of 159 kg / min, while the coarse aggregate is filled into the funnel 1o1 with the same amount will. The container 121 is applied to the aggregates Water sprayed at a rate of 11 l / min to adjust the surface water of the aggregates to 15%.

The mixture of fine and coarse aggregates from the Cement powder is added to funnel 1o2 at a rate of 117 kg / min, whereby cement shells around the aggregate are formed. Then water and naphthalene sulphonate as a water dispersant from a container

0 £ .0 04 0 / .0 66 2

BATH ORIGINAL

added at amounts of 31 l / min or B l / min.

The concrete obtained has excellent flowability, what results from a setting value of 15 cm, segregation and breezing cannot be determined. The composition of the fresh concrete is 35o kg of cement, 48o kg of sand, 162 liters of water and 16 liters of reducing water Medium, each per m. The ratio of W / C is 46%. The percentage of digging aggregate 5o%. That Product made with this fresh concrete has a pressure

2
strength of 21.6 and 38.6 N / mm after 7 and 28 days, respectively. The product made from concrete using the known method has a compressive strength of 17.3 and 33.1 N / mm after 7 and 28 days, respectively.

Dß i 3 [) JhI 2o

In dl ns around BoLnpifjl wix ^ d the mixer of Fig. 26 is used. Sand with a particle size of less than 5 mm and a surface water content of 6% and gravel with a particle size of 25 mm and a surface water content of 1% were produced and poured into a funnel 1o1 at rates of 26o kg / min and 348 kg / min filled. The container 1o1 is supplied with water from the container 121 at an amount of 8 l / min in order to adjust the surface water of the aggregates. Cement is then added to the mixture of sand and gravel from the funnel 1o2 at a rate of 117 kg / min in order to form cement jackets around the aggregate.

The mixing chamber is made from the funnel 133 of a mixture Water at a rate of 31 l / min and lignosulphonate as a dispersing agent at a rate of 6 l / min.

The fresh concrete is dispensed into a container 12o and has a setting value of 17 cm, segregation and gravel formation

Q30040 / 0662 BAD ORIGINAL

does not show up. The concrete has a high flowability. The composition of the fresh concrete is 35o kg of cement, 78o kg of sand, 1043 kg of gravel, 162 liters of water, 18 liters of dispersion medium
46%,

medium, each per m. The ratio of W / C is

The product made with this fresh concrete has a

3 Compressive strength of 22.4 and 40.3 N / mm after 7 and 28 days, respectively. Products which are manufactured from a Bebon manufactured according to known processes have a compressive strength of 18.3 and 34.8 N / mm ² after 7 and 28 days, respectively. This shows the excellent property of the product according to the invention.

0 3 0040/0662

-6X-

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Claims (1)

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING THE AMOUNT OF LIQUID SEPARATED ALSO FINE AGGREGATE, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING MORTAR IUl Claims in iiirj 1. Method of adjusting a deposited on fine particles Amount of liquid, characterized in that successively a predetermined amount Amount of fine particles with liquid deposited thereon supplied and that then an impact force on the fine particles is exerted, which is greater than the adhesive force of the liquid on the fine particles, whereby the separated liquid is removed. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the impact force is in the form of a velocity energy Has. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the speed energy through a centrifugal force or a wind force or by both forces are applied. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized draws that the thrust on the fine Particle is applied by a rotating part. 030040/0662 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that further liquid to the fine particles is applied in an amount larger than the amount of the fine particles water remaining after the impact of the impact force and that then on the fine particles again an im substantially uniform impact force is applied. B. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that on the fine particles different amounts of liquid deposited thereon are located. 7. Vnx'Fahren according to claim 1, characterized geke η η ζ β i ch net that the grain size of the fine particles is made the same. G. ancestors according to claim 1, characterized in that the impact force by a Centrifugal force applied in a closed chamber will. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fine particles with a Impurities are deposited that water is added to the fine particles and that then a Impact force is exerted to simultaneously remove the contaminants and the amount of liquid which remains on the fine particles. 1o. A method of making a cement paste, characterized in that one is placed on the sand particles separated amount of water is set to a predetermined value by that on the particles are subjected to an impact force, 030040/0662 that a quantity of water is added to the sand particles, in order to increase their water content, that afterwards a predetermined amount of sand particles to which water is added is, is fed successively, with an impact force being exerted on the sand particles, the is stronger than the adhesive force of the water on the sand particles to remove excess water, and that Cement is mixed with the sand particles. 11. A method for producing a hydraulic mass, characterized in that on a fine aggregate an impact force is exerted in order to to remove excess water deposited on the particles of the fine aggregate that a part of the water which is required for the production of the hydraulic mass is added that a hydraulic substance is added to the resulting mixture of fine aggregate and water Envelopes of the hydraulic substance around the particles of fine aggregate to form that of the rest Part of the water is added, which is required to produce the hydraulic mass, and that the mixture obtained is kneaded. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that together with the remaining part an additive is included in the water. 13. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the amount of the portion of the What-SBrs is determined according to the amount of water remaining on the particles of the fine aggregate. 14. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that dsm fine aggregate either the one substance or both substances, consisting of a coarse aggregate and a fibrous substance are added, 030040/0682 15. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the fine aggregate from which the excess water has been removed, and the other additions of the hydraulic mass to one Work place are transported by independent means of conveyance and that they are then mixed and sent to the Workstation are sprayed. 16. Apparatus for separating a liquid from fine particles, characterized by a Liquid separator for applying a pulse force to fine particles so as to knit excess liquid to adhere to the particles deposited on the particles is, and by means of successive Feeding the fine particles to the liquid separator . 17. The device according to claim 16, marked β t by means for supplying the liquid to the fine particles before they are fed to the liquid separator. 18. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that the liquid separation device has a rotating disc and a cleat facing the rotating disc so that that the fine particles are thrown against the cleat by the centrifugal force generated by the rotating Disc is generated. 19. The apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the rotating disc with a A plurality of radial guide surfaces is provided and that the fine particles of the rotating disk in one Central section are fed 030040/0662 20. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that the impact force is generated by a compressed gas is applied. 21. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that the impact force by a conveyor belt which runs at a high speed. 22. The device according to claim 1Θ, characterized by means of dividing the fine particles thrown against the cleat, into fine particles and water separated from the fine particles as a result of the collision on the cleat. 23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that the dividing devices are provided at an upper edge of a container of the fine particles making up the excess water has been removed. 24. The device according to claim 18, characterized in that the cleat is removable a component in the form of an inverted plate is attached, as a result of the fine particles Excess water removed from the collision at the cleat along an inner surface of the component in the form of an inverted plate flowing down. 25. The device according to claim 18, characterized through a pipe for continuously supplying fine particles at a central portion of the rotating Disc and by means for adding liquid to the fine particles at the outlet end of the Pipe. 030040/0662 26. The device according to claim 18, characterized through a receiving device for the treated Sand particles and through an upper edge of the container, which is at a distance from the lower edge of the component is arranged in the form of an inverted plate. 27. The device according to claim 18, characterized in that the rotating disc in one Housing with a rectangular cross-section is included and that the inner surfaces of the housing face down are inclined so that they are hit by the fine particles that are thrown from the rotating disk will. 20. The device according to claim 18, marked ο t through devices for supplying cleaning fluid to the cleat. 29. The device according to claim 18, characterized through a container to contain the fine particles thrown onto the cleat and through Means for removing the fine particles adhering to the top of the container. 30. The device according to claim 29, characterized in that the removal devices have an elastic tube. 31. The device according to claim 3o, characterized by means for inflating the elastic Hose. 32. Apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that the liquid separation device a rotating wheel that rotates around a horizontal axis and with a plurality of radial ones 030040/0662 Baffles are provided, means for feeding the fine particles to a space between adjacent ones Baffles, means for rotating the wheel at a high speed sufficient to remove excess water from the fine particles, means for discharging the fine particles from the wheel in the substantially in a horizontal direction and a plurality of fine particle receiving means which are juxtaposed in the horizontal direction to size the fine particles to classify. 33. Device for the production of cement mortar or a concrete mass, characterized by devices for removing excess water from a fine aggregate and using a kneading mechanism for adding water and cement one after the other to the fine aggregate from which the excess water has been removed, whereby a cement mortar or a concrete mass is made. 34. Apparatus according to claim 33, characterized by means of supplying primary water and secondary water as well as by means for supplying cement between the device for supplying the primary water and the secondary water are arranged. 35. Apparatus according to claim 33, characterized in that the kneading mechanism has devices for the addition of one or more of the substances, consisting of a dispersant, a rapid curing agent and a delay means. 030040/0662 36. Apparatus according to claim 33, characterized in that the kneading mechanism has a shaft which is provided with a plurality of mixing elements which are arranged along a helix are. 37. Apparatus according to claim 36, characterized in that the mixing elements in a plurality are divided by sections along the shaft, the pitches of the mixing elements of the different Sections vary. 38. Apparatus according to claim 36, characterized in that the angles of inclination of the mixing elementsB are different for the different sections. 39. Apparatus according to claim 36, characterized in that the shaft is in a mixing chamber sits and is divided into a plurality of sections along the shaft, the volumes of the sections are designed differently according to a compound to be kneaded. 40. Apparatus according to claim 36, characterized in that the mixing elements are large and have small mixing elements that are nested. 41. Apparatus according to claim 4o, characterized in that the large and small mixing elements are inclined in opposite directions. 030 (340/0662 42. Apparatus according to claim 36, characterized in that the shaft is in a mixing chamber is included and the shaft and the mixing chamber are relatively rotatable. 43. Apparatus according to claim 42, characterized in that the mixing chamber has the shape of a U-shaped part, which is lined with a flexible element, with an elastic tube on it located on the outside of the lower portion of the flexible member and inflated by a pressurized fluid can be. 030040/0662