DE29706073U1 - Device for operating the bow flaps of railcars or control cars - Google Patents
Device for operating the bow flaps of railcars or control carsInfo
- Publication number
- DE29706073U1 DE29706073U1 DE29706073U DE29706073U DE29706073U1 DE 29706073 U1 DE29706073 U1 DE 29706073U1 DE 29706073 U DE29706073 U DE 29706073U DE 29706073 U DE29706073 U DE 29706073U DE 29706073 U1 DE29706073 U1 DE 29706073U1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- flap
- flaps
- railcars
- operating
- bar linkages
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 101001017827 Mus musculus Leucine-rich repeat flightless-interacting protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
- B61D17/04—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures
- B61D17/06—End walls
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transmission Devices (AREA)
- Motorcycle And Bicycle Frame (AREA)
- Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
- Non-Deflectable Wheels, Steering Of Trailers, Or Other Steering (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Einrichtung zur Betätigung der Bugklappen von Trieb- oder Steuerwagen Device for operating the front flaps of railcars or control cars
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Einrichtung zur Betätigung der Bugklappen von Trieb- oder Steuerwagen, bestehend aus beidseitig des Schienenfahrzeuges angeordneten und je einer Klappe zugeordneten, vorzugsweise oberen und unteren Koppelgetriebe mit jeweils einem Antrieb pro Bugklappe, wobei die Klappen beim Einsatz des Schienenfahrzeuges als Vorausfahrzeug schließbar sind und in der Einsatzart als gekuppelter Wagen die Freigabe der Kupplung ermöglichen.The invention relates to a device for operating the front flaps of railcars or control cars, consisting of coupling gears arranged on both sides of the rail vehicle and each associated with a flap, preferably upper and lower, each with a drive per front flap, whereby the flaps can be closed when the rail vehicle is used as a lead vehicle and enable the coupling to be released when used as a coupled car.
Es sind ganz allgemein Betätigungseinrichtungen für Bugklappen bekannt, bei denen diese mittels Hebelmechanik oder geeigneter Führungsbahnen {Kulissenführung) bewegbar sind. Als Hebelmechanik dient ein dreigliedriges Koppelgetriebe, welches in Verbindung mit einem Pneumatikzylinder jeweils eine Klappe öffnet oder schließt. Die Bugklappe ist am mittleren Glied des Koppelgetriebes befestigt. Die beidseitig gelenkig angeordneten Glieder sind mit den freien Enden in quer zur Längsachse des Trieboder Steuerwagen vorgesehenen äußeren und mittleren Lagern, welche auf den Grundrahmen der Einrichtung montiert sind, befestigt. Das äußere Lager ist mittels eines ersten Pneumatikzylinders zur Längsachse des Wagens geringfügig verschiebbar. Diese Drehbewegung wird zur Verriegelung der Bugklappen mittels Schwenkhebel in der geschlossenen Stellung genutzt. Das an dem äußeren Lager eingebundene Glied weist zusätzlich einen Hebel auf, der mit der Kolbenstange eines zweiten Pneumatikzylinders verbunden ist, welcher als Antrieb für das Koppelgetriebe dient. Nach dem Entriegeln der Bugklappe durch den ersten Pneumatikzylinder wird das am äußeren Lager eingebundene Glied um das nach innen geschwenkte äußere Lager gedreht, wobei das mittlere Glied und somit die Bugklappe in die geöffnete Stellung gebracht werden kann. In dieser Lage ist die Bugklappe nicht verriegelt. Der Lösung haften die Nachteile an, daß sie nur für Trieb- oder Steuerwagen mit stumpfen Kopfformen anwendbar und zur Verriegelung in der geschlossenen Stellung ein zusätzlicher Pneumatiklzylinder erforderlich ist. Bekannte Einrichtungen, bei denen die Bugklappen durch Kulissenführun-Operating devices for front flaps are generally known in which these can be moved using a lever mechanism or suitable guideways (sliding guide). The lever mechanism is a three-part coupling mechanism, which opens or closes a flap in conjunction with a pneumatic cylinder. The front flap is attached to the middle link of the coupling mechanism. The links, which are articulated on both sides, are attached with their free ends to outer and middle bearings provided transversely to the longitudinal axis of the drive or control car, which are mounted on the base frame of the device. The outer bearing can be moved slightly to the longitudinal axis of the car using a first pneumatic cylinder. This rotary movement is used to lock the front flaps in the closed position using a swivel lever. The link connected to the outer bearing also has a lever that is connected to the piston rod of a second pneumatic cylinder, which serves as a drive for the coupling mechanism. After unlocking the front flap by the first pneumatic cylinder, the link connected to the outer bearing is rotated around the outer bearing pivoted inwards, whereby the middle link and thus the front flap can be brought into the open position. In this position, the front flap is not locked. The solution has the disadvantages that it can only be used for railcars or control cars with blunt head shapes and that an additional pneumatic cylinder is required to lock it in the closed position. Known devices in which the front flaps are connected by guides
gen betätigbar sind, weisen die Nachteile auf, daß die Führungen und Antriebe, insbesondere bei spitzen Kopfformen, einen erheblichen Platz oberhalb und unterhalb der Klappen beanspruchen und die Kulissenführung Geäusche verursacht. Weiterhin sind derartige Einrichtungen einem höheren Verschleiß unterworfen. The disadvantages of devices that can be operated with a hand crank are that the guides and drives, especially with pointed head shapes, take up a considerable amount of space above and below the flaps and the guide rails cause noise. Furthermore, such devices are subject to greater wear.
Der im Schutzanspruch angegebenen Erfindung liegt das Problem zugrunde, eine Einrichtung zur Betätigung der Bugklappen von Trieb- oder Steuerwagen zu schaffen, die einfach aufgebaut und für extrem spitze Kopfformen anwendbar ist.The invention specified in the protection claim is based on the problem of creating a device for operating the front flaps of railcars or control cars, which is of simple construction and can be used for extremely pointed head shapes.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß die Koppelgetriebe aus mit den Bugklappen verbundenen Viergelenken, welche einerseits direkt und andererseits über nachgeschaltete Zweigelenke, die mit den Antrieben in Wirkverbindung stehen, am Hauptlager befestigt sind, wobei in gemeinsamen Gelenken die starre Verbindung zum wahlweisen unteren Koppelgetriebe sowie über Stützen die Anbindung zum Grundrahmen vorgesehen ist, bestehen. According to the invention, the object is achieved in that the coupling gears consist of four-bar linkages connected to the front flaps, which are attached to the main bearing directly on the one hand and via downstream two-bar linkages that are operatively connected to the drives on the other hand, whereby the rigid connection to the optional lower coupling gear and the connection to the base frame via supports are provided in common joints.
Die Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung liegen insbesondere darin, daß durch die Anordnung eines nachgeschalteten Zweigelenks der Verriegelungsmechanismus einschließlich des dafür vorgesehenen Antriebs entfällt.The advantages of the solution according to the invention lie in particular in the fact that the arrangement of a downstream two-joint eliminates the need for the locking mechanism, including the drive provided for it.
Die Erfindung soll nachfolgend an einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert werden. Hierbei zeigt die Zeichnung eine Draufsicht auf einen Triebwagenkopf, wobei die Bugklappen 1 in der oberen Hälfte geschlossen und die Bugklappen 1' in der unteren Hälfte geöffnet sind. Die Bugklappen 1, 1' sind über Konsole 2, 2' an den Viergelenken 3, 3' befestigt, welche in den Drehpunkten A, A' des Hauptlagers 4 eingreifen. Das Hauptlager 4 ist am Grundrahmen 5 montiert. Ebenfalls am Hauptlager 4 sind in den Drehpunkten B, B' Zweigelenke 6, 6' vorgesehen, die über die Gelenke 7, 7' mit den Viergelenken 3, 3' gekoppelt sind. Des weiteren sind an den Gelenken 7, 7' Stützen 8, 8' vorgesehen, welche über die Drehpunkte C, C an den Grundrahmen 5 befestigt sind. Über die Gelenke 7, 7' wird jeweils eine starre Verbindung 9, 9' zum unteren Koppelgetriebe, welches den gleichen Aufbau wie das bereits beschriebene obere Koppelgetriebe besitzt, realisiert.The invention will be explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment. The drawing shows a top view of a railcar head, with the front flaps 1 closed in the upper half and the front flaps 1' open in the lower half. The front flaps 1, 1' are attached to the four-bar linkages 3, 3' via brackets 2, 2', which engage in the pivot points A, A' of the main bearing 4. The main bearing 4 is mounted on the base frame 5. Also on the main bearing 4, two-bar linkages 6, 6' are provided at the pivot points B, B', which are coupled to the four-bar linkages 3, 3' via the pivot points 7, 7'. Furthermore, supports 8, 8' are provided on the pivot points 7, 7', which are attached to the base frame 5 via the pivot points C, C. A rigid connection 9, 9' to the lower coupling gear, which has the same structure as the upper coupling gear already described, is realized via the joints 7, 7'.
Damit ist nur ein Antrieb 10, 10' pro Bugklappe 1, 1' erforderlich. An den Zweigelenken 6, 6' greifen in den Punkten D, D' die Antriebe 10, 10', beispielsweise Pneumatikzylinder, mit integrierten Feststellbremsen 11, 11' an. Die Antriebe 10, 10' sind über Schwenklager 12, 12' mit den Grundrahmen 5 verbunden. Die Einrichtung arbeitet wie folgt:This means that only one drive 10, 10' is required per bow flap 1, 1'. The drives 10, 10', for example pneumatic cylinders, with integrated parking brakes 11, 11', engage the double joints 6, 6' at points D, D'. The drives 10, 10' are connected to the base frame 5 via swivel bearings 12, 12'. The device works as follows:
Zum Öffnen der Bugklappe 1 wird vom Bediener mittels einer nicht näher dargestellten Steuereinrichtung der in Fahrtrichtung &khgr; gesehene rechte Antrieb 10' betätigt. Damit bewegt sich in der ersten Phase die rechte Bugklappe 1' in y- Richtung, wobei die notwendige Bewegungsfreiheit zur Anschlußkontur 13 des Kopfes ermöglicht wird. Im weiteren Verlauf wird die Bugklappe 1' um den Kupplungskopf 14 herum in die geöffnete Endstellung gemäß der Zeichnung gefahren. Entsprechende Endschalter am Antrieb 10' leiten den Öffnungsvorgang für die linke Bugklappe 1 ein.To open the bow flap 1, the operator operates the right drive 10', seen in the direction of travel, using a control device not shown in detail. In the first phase, the right bow flap 1' moves in the y direction, allowing the necessary freedom of movement to the connecting contour 13 of the head. In the further course of the process, the bow flap 1' is moved around the coupling head 14 into the open end position as shown in the drawing. Corresponding limit switches on the drive 10' initiate the opening process for the left bow flap 1.
Die Hebellängen der Zwei- 6, 6' bzw. der Viergelenke 3, 3' sowie die Anordnung der Stützen 8, 8' bestimmen die Hüllkurven der Bugklappen 1, 1'The lever lengths of the two-bar linkages 6, 6' and the four-bar linkages 3, 3' as well as the arrangement of the supports 8, 8' determine the envelope curves of the bow flaps 1, 1'
09 -lh -9709 -lh -97
BezugszeichenlisteList of reference symbols
A, A', B, B', C, C, D, D' DrehpunkteA, A', B, B', C, C, D, D' pivot points
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE29706073U DE29706073U1 (en) | 1997-04-07 | 1997-04-07 | Device for operating the bow flaps of railcars or control cars |
EP98100422A EP0870667B1 (en) | 1997-04-07 | 1998-01-13 | Actuation device for front flaps for motor rail coaches or driving cab vehicles |
DE59810195T DE59810195D1 (en) | 1997-04-07 | 1998-01-13 | Device for operating the bow flaps of railcars or control cars |
AT98100422T ATE254556T1 (en) | 1997-04-07 | 1998-01-13 | DEVICE FOR ACTUATING THE BOW FLAPS OF POWER CARS OR CONTROL CARS |
CZ1998728A CZ288637B6 (en) | 1997-04-07 | 1998-03-11 | Apparatus for controlling front flaps of diesel rail or control cars |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE29706073U DE29706073U1 (en) | 1997-04-07 | 1997-04-07 | Device for operating the bow flaps of railcars or control cars |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE29706073U1 true DE29706073U1 (en) | 1997-07-31 |
Family
ID=8038500
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE29706073U Expired - Lifetime DE29706073U1 (en) | 1997-04-07 | 1997-04-07 | Device for operating the bow flaps of railcars or control cars |
DE59810195T Expired - Lifetime DE59810195D1 (en) | 1997-04-07 | 1998-01-13 | Device for operating the bow flaps of railcars or control cars |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE59810195T Expired - Lifetime DE59810195D1 (en) | 1997-04-07 | 1998-01-13 | Device for operating the bow flaps of railcars or control cars |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0870667B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE254556T1 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ288637B6 (en) |
DE (2) | DE29706073U1 (en) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011033011A3 (en) * | 2009-09-16 | 2011-07-21 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Railway vehicle having front coupling cover |
EP2394879A1 (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2011-12-14 | Voith Patent GmbH | Device for moving a bow ramp and bow ramp module |
WO2011154527A1 (en) * | 2010-06-10 | 2011-12-15 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Device for pivoting one or more front flaps of a track-guided vehicle and front-flap module |
DE102012207526A1 (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2013-11-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Vehicle head of rail vehicle, has gear box that is provided to move away the bow flaps from vehicle head portion in move away state along longitudinal direction of vehicle head portion |
EP2778008A1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-09-17 | Bombardier Transportation GmbH | Front flap assembly for railway vehicles, railway vehicle with a front flap assembly and a method for opening and/or closing a front flap assembly |
EP2949538A1 (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2015-12-02 | Dellner Couplers AB | Mounting for a front hatch of a car of a train and car of a train |
WO2016001056A1 (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2016-01-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Rail vehicle |
EP2987934A4 (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2016-06-01 | Crrc Qingdao Sifang Rolling Stock Res Inst Co Ltd | Opening/closing mechanism having a self-locking device |
WO2016174070A1 (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2016-11-03 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Device for moving one or more front flaps |
DE102016208374A1 (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2017-11-23 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Bug-flap assembly for a rail vehicle, rail vehicle and method for opening and closing such Bugklappenanordnung |
CN113173186A (en) * | 2021-02-19 | 2021-07-27 | 中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司 | Front end opening and closing mechanism for railway vehicle |
CN114013466A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-02-08 | 湖南联诚轨道装备有限公司 | Up-down opening type opening and closing mechanism for railway vehicle |
US11697962B2 (en) | 2013-10-18 | 2023-07-11 | Crrc Qingdao Sifang Rolling Stock Research Institute Co., Ltd. | Opening and closing mechanism and train having the same |
Families Citing this family (7)
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DK1350703T3 (en) * | 2002-04-04 | 2004-09-13 | Voith Turbo Scharfenberg Gmbh | Clutch head cover and method of swinging this cover |
CN101351372B (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2012-07-04 | 德尔纳车钩公司 | Front hatch having cantilever hatch-operating mechanism |
EP2308738B1 (en) * | 2009-10-09 | 2013-07-03 | Dellner Couplers AB | Protective shroud for the coupler head of a train coupler |
WO2013024142A1 (en) * | 2011-08-17 | 2013-02-21 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Device for pivoting one or more front flaps of a track-guided vehicle |
CN103802848B (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2016-12-21 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | The hood structure of bullet train headstock and installation method |
RU2600399C2 (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-10-20 | Владимир Викторович Бодров | Bodrov v.v. high-speed freight car (versions) |
CN110203241B (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2020-06-26 | 中国地质大学(武汉) | Train unhooking device based on four-bar linkage |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH687140A5 (en) * | 1992-04-30 | 1996-09-30 | Fischer Georg Formtech | Central buffer coupling for a rail vehicle with a protective device. |
DE4445182C1 (en) * | 1994-12-17 | 1995-12-21 | Bergische Stahlindustrie | Railcar coupling block with bilateral anchor plates |
-
1997
- 1997-04-07 DE DE29706073U patent/DE29706073U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-01-13 EP EP98100422A patent/EP0870667B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-13 AT AT98100422T patent/ATE254556T1/en active
- 1998-01-13 DE DE59810195T patent/DE59810195D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-11 CZ CZ1998728A patent/CZ288637B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011033011A3 (en) * | 2009-09-16 | 2011-07-21 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Railway vehicle having front coupling cover |
RU2551406C2 (en) * | 2009-09-16 | 2015-05-20 | Сименс Акциенгезелльшафт | Railway vehicle with case of frontal coupler |
US9022238B2 (en) | 2009-09-16 | 2015-05-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Railway vehicle having front coupling cover |
CN102548825A (en) * | 2009-09-16 | 2012-07-04 | 西门子公司 | Railway vehicle having front coupling cover |
CN102548825B (en) * | 2009-09-16 | 2015-04-01 | 西门子公司 | Railway vehicle having front coupling cover |
AU2011202010B2 (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2014-01-30 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Device for pivoting a front hatch as well as a front hatch module |
US8468953B2 (en) | 2010-06-08 | 2013-06-25 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Device for pivoting a front hatch as well as a front hatch module |
EP2394879A1 (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2011-12-14 | Voith Patent GmbH | Device for moving a bow ramp and bow ramp module |
US8757066B2 (en) | 2010-06-10 | 2014-06-24 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Device for pivoting one or more front flaps of a track-guided vehicle, and front flap module |
WO2011154527A1 (en) * | 2010-06-10 | 2011-12-15 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Device for pivoting one or more front flaps of a track-guided vehicle and front-flap module |
DE102012207526A1 (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2013-11-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Vehicle head of rail vehicle, has gear box that is provided to move away the bow flaps from vehicle head portion in move away state along longitudinal direction of vehicle head portion |
DE102012207526B4 (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2014-09-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Vehicle head with slide-out nose flaps |
EP2778008A1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-09-17 | Bombardier Transportation GmbH | Front flap assembly for railway vehicles, railway vehicle with a front flap assembly and a method for opening and/or closing a front flap assembly |
EP2987934A4 (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2016-06-01 | Crrc Qingdao Sifang Rolling Stock Res Inst Co Ltd | Opening/closing mechanism having a self-locking device |
US11697962B2 (en) | 2013-10-18 | 2023-07-11 | Crrc Qingdao Sifang Rolling Stock Research Institute Co., Ltd. | Opening and closing mechanism and train having the same |
WO2015180838A1 (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2015-12-03 | Dellner Couplers Ab | Mounting for a front hatch of a car of a train and car of a train |
EP2949538A1 (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2015-12-02 | Dellner Couplers AB | Mounting for a front hatch of a car of a train and car of a train |
US10279819B2 (en) | 2014-05-30 | 2019-05-07 | Dellner Couplers Ab | Mounting for a front hatch of a car of a train and car of a train |
WO2016001056A1 (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2016-01-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Rail vehicle |
RU2667707C2 (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2018-09-24 | Сименс Акциенгезелльшафт | Rail vehicle |
US10562544B2 (en) | 2014-07-03 | 2020-02-18 | Siemens Mobility GmbH | Rail vehicle |
WO2016174070A1 (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2016-11-03 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Device for moving one or more front flaps |
DE102016208374A1 (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2017-11-23 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Bug-flap assembly for a rail vehicle, rail vehicle and method for opening and closing such Bugklappenanordnung |
CN113173186A (en) * | 2021-02-19 | 2021-07-27 | 中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司 | Front end opening and closing mechanism for railway vehicle |
CN113173186B (en) * | 2021-02-19 | 2022-09-09 | 中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司 | Front end opening and closing mechanism for railway vehicle |
CN114013466A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-02-08 | 湖南联诚轨道装备有限公司 | Up-down opening type opening and closing mechanism for railway vehicle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0870667B1 (en) | 2003-11-19 |
EP0870667A3 (en) | 1999-01-20 |
EP0870667A2 (en) | 1998-10-14 |
CZ72898A3 (en) | 1998-10-14 |
ATE254556T1 (en) | 2003-12-15 |
DE59810195D1 (en) | 2003-12-24 |
CZ288637B6 (en) | 2001-08-15 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
R207 | Utility model specification |
Effective date: 19970911 |
|
R081 | Change of applicant/patentee |
Owner name: DWA DEUTSCHE WAGGONBAU GMBH, DE Free format text: FORMER OWNER: DEUTSCHE WAGGONBAU AG, 12526 BERLIN, DE Effective date: 19990514 |
|
R150 | Utility model maintained after payment of first maintenance fee after three years |
Effective date: 20000823 |
|
R151 | Utility model maintained after payment of second maintenance fee after six years |
Effective date: 20030506 |
|
R152 | Utility model maintained after payment of third maintenance fee after eight years |
Effective date: 20050601 |
|
R071 | Expiry of right |