DE2631491A1 - Adjustable window insulating or utilising solar radiation - with panes reversible to allow high insulation layer to face warmest air - Google Patents

Abstract

The window, or other transparent wall element, incorporates a carrier element of predetermined thickness and selected heat conductivity insulation, with layers affording different heat radiation insulation on opposite sides. These layers (3, 4) can be changed round so that the layer (3) with the higher degree of heat radiation insulation faces the air where temperature is highest. The element can comprise two or more spaced panes with different heat-insulating characteristics, adjustably arranged so that the one affording most insulation always bounds the intervening air space on the side facing the warmer air. A mechanical device can be fitted, to rotate the element through 180 deg.. The solar radiation can be reduced in hot weather, and used to supplement heating when it is cold.

Description

Transparent wall element

The invention relates to a transparent wall element, in particular Window, with a carrier element of predetermined thickness and preselected thermal insulation, its opposite surfaces layers of different thermal radiation insulation exhibit.

It is already known, single disks or the external disk of insulating glass units with less translucent colors and coatings to be provided mainly from metals. These coatings can be used in a specified reduced light transmission more than So% of the irradiated Solar energy through absorption, reflection and the interaction of absorption and outside heat radiation and convective heat dissipation at the coated Disk are prevented from entering the interior of the room. This is particularly evident in the summer months as particularly beneficial. In the winter moms one forms such Disc, however, a so-called radiation hole, its Temperature is considerably below that of the Rauitt walls. Work physiological examinations have shown that the climate of a workspace is then suitable for the people working in it is most beneficial when the temperature of the walls including the window panes does not differ by more than 2 to 30 from the mean dream temperature, generally 20 ° C. In order to meet these conditions, the window panes have been used to be heated on the inside by means of hot air currents in order to achieve the effect of the radiation hole to eliminate, while at the same time the formation of condensation is prevented. the However, the measures required for this are very complex from an air conditioning point of view.

It is also known to use aluminum vapor-deposited polyester films glue on the inside of window panes.

It has been shown that the transparency is not noticeable through these foils is distorted. This coating achieves a strong heat absorption, whereby the absorbed heat is released into the interior of the room by radiation and convection will. This can affect the air conditioning of the room and the middle in winter Have a favorable effect on the temperature of the disc. In summer, however, there are very high Window temperatures that create a feeling of comfort for those in the room Severely affect people.

The object on which the invention is based is now to provide a to train transparent wall element of the type mentioned so that the solar Reduced heat radiation in the summer months when the outside air temperature is high and In the winter months the solar energy radiation for heating the interior and to achieve a comfortable indoor climate by heating the room facing Disc surfaces is used when the outside temperature is low.

This task is based on the transparent wall element of the type described at the outset solved in that the layers of different thermal radiation insulation can be switched in such a way that the layer has the higher thermal radiation insulation, which is directed to the ambient lust with the higher temperature.

The carrier element is preferably made in a manner known per se at least two spaced apart, enclosing an air space between them, transparent panes with different thermal insulation properties, while advantageously, the assignment of the disc is adjustable so that the disc With the higher thermal insulation, the air space between the panes is always on the side limited,. on which the air surrounding the wall element has the higher temperature.

The pane with the higher thermal insulation is expediently at least a heat-absorbing and optionally radiation-reflecting layer in on assigned in a known manner.

The radiation-reflecting layer can preferably be on top of that of the higher Temperature of the air surrounding the wall element exposed side of the pane provided will.

Such a wall element according to the invention has the following advantages, the pane with the higher thermal radiation insulation, which may also be may have a radiation-reflecting layer, as a colored glass pane and the pane with the lower thermal radiation insulation is referred to as the clear glass pane will.

For the winter months, but especially for the summer months, the following applies: that by the wall element according to the invention a load of people in the of the wall elements completely or partially enclosed space due to glare and direct solar heat radiation is reduced, in particular it becomes intense Prevents solar radiation in the visible infrared range on areas of the skin, which can lead to painful reactions when using conventional windows. While in the summer months the room can be effectively protected from overheating, the solar energy that is available free of charge is used in the winter months Space heating also used. The external clear glass panel leaves about 85% of the solar radiation, which then hits the colored glass pane.

About So% of this solar radiation can reach the colored glass pane unhindered penetrate and contribute directly to the heating of the room. The remaining 50% are absorbed by the colored glass and cause the pane to heat up.

The stored heat is delayed mainly convectively by the Disc surface dissipated to the surrounding air layers, but also partly in emitted in a longer wave area. The one from the colored disc as a secondary radiator Long-wave heat radiation emitted is not absorbed by people in the room felt to be uncomfortable, in contrast to the intense heat radiation in the visible Range of the solar energy spectrum.

The heat transfer to the outside air is through the one between the panes lying air space also reduces the convective heat dissipation to the between layer of air located on the panes. Because the clear glass pane on the outside is not continuous for long-wave heat radiation, the predominant part is the solar energy absorbed and stored by the colored glass for the Improvement of the thermal energy balance of the interior directly available.

Because the wall element allows that both in the winter months as well as in the summer months its temperature essentially with the temperature of the other walls of the room, the one that people perceive as uncomfortable does not apply Effect of a "radiation hole", i.e. the effect caused by the fact that the wall element has a temperature that is different from the temperature of the rest of the room walls deviates by more than 4 degrees If there is a reflective layer on the colored glass pane is applied, this layer wears in the summer months when the colored glass is located on the outside, contributing to the output through the wall element into the room Decrease heat. In the winter months this means that the colored disc, the reflective layer is applied to the surface facing the room, is heated up by the incident sun rays, as the through the colored glass heat rays that still pass through are reflected on this layer and this reflected rays in turn pass through the colored glass and are thus absorbed will. At the same time, long-wave heat radiation is generated on this layer facing the room reflected by heat energy carriers in the room and thus thrown back into the room, In an advantageous embodiment of a wall element, one of the disks is Stationary installed, while the other disc on one side or the other the one disc can be releasably inserted at a distance therefrom.

This can be done by means of stable fixings on the window frame in the form of Guide strips or profiles can be achieved in which the disc element of a open side is introduced, for which the window frame, for example, at 900 is pivoted. The panes are then locked by means of appropriate locks fixed in the arrangement made.

If the highly insulating pane is on the the side facing the room of the wall element is arranged, this disc should as close as possible to the frame to create a cushion of air between the panes and thus a high thermal resistance e d. H. to achieve good insulation. If the highly insulating pane is on the outside of the Wall element is attached in which the outside air has a higher temperature, is said to be the absorbed heat energy by an ascending flow of heat air on both Sides of the disc are discharged convectively, for which purpose the disc, for example can be arranged so that a distance of a few centimeters on the outside is observed between the disc and the frame.

In a further embodiment is between the frame and the Stock of the wall element a mechanical turning device for turning the window planned around 1800. As a result, the highly insulating pane can be used depending on the Season can be arranged on the outside or inside of the room.

The turning device can consist of at least one pin and one the Pin receiving, essentially parallel to the wall element in the closed position Leadership.

With this arrangement, the pin can be in its end positions at the same time can be used as a hinge to open and close the window, being for the closed position special locks are provided.

The turning device can also consist of at least one along a central axis of the wall element arranged # pivot pin connection exist.

Here, the pivot pin connection can be within the frame of the wall element lie and the frame around the one for rotating required distance be smaller than the stick, with elastic around the frame or stick side Sealing lips are arranged.

The pivot pin connection can also be outside the frame of the wall element are arranged, the arrangement is made so that when the strong heat-insulating pane is on the outside of the room, the distance to Achievement of the convective heat air flow given on both sides of the disc is.

The trunnion connection can between a position within and be movable outside of the frame.

For this movement, slots on the frame are provided in which the pivot pins can be moved essentially horizontally. It can However, pivot levers articulated on the stick and on the frame are also provided Joint on the frame then forms the pivot connection.

In the embodiments with trunnion connections, which are outside the floor, the usual snug fit seal between window frames and window frame can be used.

In a further advantageous embodiment of a wall element consists of the heat-insulating and optionally radiation-reflecting layer from a transparent, optionally coated film, which is in the space between the discs arranged and in association with the inside of one or the other disc can be brought.

This assignment can be made in that the film has the space between the disks parallel thereto is arranged dividing into halves, each of the halves can be acted upon with overpressure or underpressure. This is via the corresponding window frame side Connections to a compressed air or Vacuum source possible, the foil is pneumatically applied smoothly and tightly to the corresponding pane.

The film can also be placed between the inside of a pane and a guide disk displaceably arranged, guided over rollers Be a tape, one half of which has a higher thermal insulation than the other. The film is then dependent on the outside through appropriate mechanisms Season brought to the desired position.

The heat-absorbing and possibly radiation-reflecting Layer can also consist of an additional layer arranged in the space between the panes heat-insulating washer that is mechanically or pneumatically attached to the inside the one or the other disc can be brought up. The two discs can consist of clear glass.

In a further embodiment variant, the living space is an invariant heat-insulating pane and a variant heat-insulating pane assigned to the outside space.

The variable thermal insulation of the pane can be provided by one of the panes assigned layer of liquid crystals are assigned, which by means of a electromagnetic field is controllable. Be by the electromagnetic field the crystals suspended in a liquid are optically aligned so that the Thermal insulation is greatly reduced compared to the state in which the crystals in the absence of an electromagnetic field in the liquid under the influence of Braun's molecular motion are arbitrarily aligned.

It is also possible to control the variable thermal insulation through phototrope to achieve the radiation transmission.

The assignment of the insulating layer to one of the panes is for example controllable depending on the outside temperature. This control can take place automatically via a temperature sensor, whereby from the temperature sensor Appropriate actuation mechanisms are activated, for example, the slide to pneumatically bring the endless foil strip to one of the panes Turn half a length further to put the additional heat-insulating disc between the two disks to one of the disks or to the electromagnetic Activating the field for the suspended crystals In another advantageous case Embodiment of a wall element according to the invention is provided that for variants Thermal insulation provided a layer of a material facing the outside space is, its optical properties such as transmittance on the one hand and absorption or reflection on the other hand for solar radiation by leaps and bounds from the ambient temperature are dependent, such that outside temperatures below the internal temperature the layer is predominantly permeable and is above the internal temperature The layer strongly absorbs or reflects outside temperatures.

With reference to the accompanying drawings, the invention is exemplified explained in more detail Fig. 1 shows a schematic plan view of a first embodiment of a wall element.

FIG. 2 shows, in perspective, part of the wall element from FIG. 1.

3 shows a schematic side view of a second embodiment of a wall element.

FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment in a view like FIG. 3 of a wall element.

FIG. 5 shows a fourth embodiment in a view like FIG. 4 of a wall element FIG. 6 shows a schematic side view of a fifth embodiment of a wall element.

FIG. 7 shows, in a view like FIG. 6, a sixth embodiment of a wall element.

FIG. 8 shows a seventh embodiment in a view like FIG of a wall element.

FIG. 9 shows an eighth embodiment in a view like FIG. 8 of a wall element.

The wall element shown in Figures 1 and 2 is around a window, consisting of a frame 1 with two spaced apart, Sealing in the frame seated panes 3 and 4. The window has a known side Pin bearing 5, around which the window can be pivoted when opening. aside from that Locks 7 are provided.

The disc 3 is highly insulating. The pane 4 is a clear glass pane. In the position shown in Fig. 1 is the highly heat-insulating pane 3 on the outside of the room, while the clear glass pane 4 is on the inside of the room. This position of the window is particularly favorable for the summer time, as this Disc arrangement of the heat inflow through radiation into the interior of the room is kept low will.

For the winter months, the window is swiveled around 1800, which means that it is achieved that one of the pins 5 is guided in a guide 6, the Pin 5 then guided from one side of the window frame 2 to the other side while the window is rotated 180 ° at the same time.

In this new position, the previous one forms on the opposite Pivot pin 5 on the side again open the swivel joint for a possible eventuality and closing the window.

In the position now reached, the clear glass pane 4 is the exterior assigned, while the highly insulating pane faces the interior, the absorbed heat through radiation and investment into the interior of the room and at the same time Part of the room heat radiation is reflected back into the room.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the frame 1 is the window about a pivot pin connection lying outside the plane of the window frame 2 8 pivotable, which is arranged in the middle of the longitudinal extension shown. In the position of the window shown, the window frame 1 is at a distance from the window frame 2, with the highly insulating pane 3 on the outside of the room lies, while the clear glass pane 4 faces the inside of the room. This position corresponds to the summer position, whereby the distance between frame 1 and floor 2 Good convection on the outside of the window to drain a large part the heat absorbed in the heat insulating pane 3 is achieved. When pivoting of the window around the pivot pin connection 8 in the direction of the arrows sits the window sealing in the window frame 2, with the strong heat-insulating one for the winter position Disc 3 facing the inside of the room.

The embodiment shown in Fig. 4 corresponds essentially that of Fig. 3, wherein the pivot pin connection 8 horizontal slots 9 in the Floor 2 are assigned so that the window frame 1 from that shown in FIG Position can also be displaced into a position within the window frame 2.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 5, the window frame is 1 connected to the window frame 2 with two lateral pivot levers lo, each of which can perform a change in length in the longitudinal direction by means of a telescopic arrangement 12.

One end of each pivot lever 1o is on the frame 11, the other End in the middle of the frame extension shown in Fig. 5 articulated in a joint 8, which forms the pivot joint around which the window frame 1 is rotated can. Each pivot lever -lo is in the closed position in a groove 22 in the window frame 2 added.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 6 is both on the outside of the room as well as a clear glass pane 3 'and 4' respectively arranged inside the room in the frame 1. At a distance from each disk 37 or 4 'is in the space delimited by the disks a guide disk 15 or 16 is arranged in each case. Between the disc 3 'and the guide disk 15 or the disk 4 'and the guide disk 16 is an endless one Foil tape 13, 14 guided over rollers 17. The section assigned to the disk 3 ' 13 of the transparent film tape is highly insulating, while that of the disc 4 'associated section 14 is only slightly insulating.

In summer, the pane 3 'is with the associated film section 13 facing the outside of the room. In winter, by means of the rollers 17 and not Shown transport mechanisms pulled the endless film strip so far that the disc 3 'is assigned the only slightly insulating film section 14, while then facing the disc 4 'of the film section 13 with great thermal insulation.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, in the frame 1 in the middle between the panes 3 'and 4' made of clear glass along the peripheral edge 2o a film. 13 'arranged with strong thermal insulation properties, which by means of a overpressure and / or underpressure that can be applied to the frame-side connections 18 and 19, respectively once against the inside of the disk 3 'and once against the inside of the disk 4 'can be pressed. During the summer time, the foil 13 'is against the outside of the room Pane 3 'pressed against the pane 4' on the inside of the room during winter time, in order to achieve the disc properties mentioned at the beginning.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, instead of the film 13 'uses a heat-insulating pane 13 "arranged between the panes 3' and 4 ', which rest on guides 21 between a first position on the disc 3 ' and a second position adjacent to the disk 4 'is movable.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, in the frame 1 in Spaced discs 3 "and 4" provided The disc 3 ", the is assigned to the outside of the room, has variant heat-insulating. Properties while the pane 4 "has invariant thermal insulation properties. The pane 3" can be a Space with a suspension of crystals can be allocated by means of an electromagnetic Field can be aligned.

In this aligned position, the disc 3 is less heat-insulating than the disc 4, i D so that this setting is chosen for the winter months When the electromagnetic field is canceled, the pane 3 ″ becomes more heat-insulating than disk 4 ", so that this setting is suitable for the summer months.

Instead of # the crystal suspension, the properties of the Disk3 "can be controlled accordingly if this disk 3" is made with a material is coated, its optical properties such as transmission, absorption and Reflection depends on the ambient temperature. The material can be used in this way be chosen that it is at an outside temperature that is below a selected one Inside temperature is, is optically transparent, and at an outside temperature that is above the preselected internal temperature, optically reflective or absorbent is effective. Here, the material is preferably chosen so that it is in the latter Case is optically absorbent. The permeability, absorption and reflection of the material are related to the solar radiation range.

The term ~ thermal insulation "says in the description above, # that there is predominantly thermal radiation insulation. Blank page

Claims (21)

MSPRÜCHE Transparent conversion, especially windows, with a Carrier element of predetermined thickness and preselected thermal insulation, whose opposing surfaces have layers of different thermal radiation insulation, in that the layers (3, 4; 3 '~ 4'; 3 ", 4") different thermal radiation insulation can be switched so that the layer (3; 3 '; 3 ") has the higher thermal radiation insulation that the ambient air is directed with the higher temperature. 2. Wall element according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier element in a manner known per se from at least two spaced apart, between transparent panes enclosing an air space (3, 4; 3 '~ 4'; 3 ", 4";) with different thermal insulation properties and that the assignment of the discs (3, 4; 3 ', 4'; 3 ", 4";) is adjustable so that the disc (3; 3 '; 3 ") with the higher thermal insulation the air space between the panes (3,4; # 3''41; 3 ", 4") always limited on the side on which the air surrounding the wall element is higher Temperature. 3. Wall element according to claim 2, characterized in that the disc (3,3 ', 3 ") with the higher thermal insulation at least one heat-absorbing and possibly radiation-reflecting layer is assigned. 4. Wall element according to claim 3, characterized in that the radiation-reflecting Layer on the exposed to the higher temperature of the air surrounding the wall element Side of the disc (3, 3 ', 3 ") is provided. 5. Wall element according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that that one of the discs is installed stationary, while the other disc on the one or the other side of the one disc can be releasably inserted at a distance therefrom. 6. Wall element according to one of claims 1 to 4, g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t by one provided between the frame (1) and the floor (2) of the wall element mechanical turning device (5, 6, 8) for turning the wall element by 1800. 7. Wall element according to claim 6 ,, characterized g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the turning device consists of at least one pin (5) and one the pin receiving, essentially parallel to the wall element in the closed position Leadership (6) consists. 8. Wall element according to claim 6, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the turning device consists of at least one along a central axis of the Wall element arranged pivot pin connection (8) consists. 9. Wall element according to claim 8, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the pivot pin connection lies within the frame of the wall element and the frame smaller than the stick by the distance required for turning is, with circumferential elastic sealing lips arranged on the frame or pole side are. 10. Wall element according to claim 8, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the pivot pin connection (8) outside the frame (1) of the wall element is arranged. 111. Wall element according to claim 10, characterized in that it is g e k e n n -z e i c h n et that the pivot pin connection (8) between a position within and is movable outside the frame. 12. Wall element according to claim 11> thereby g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that for the movement of the pivot pin connection (8) on the frame side horizontal Long holes (9) are provided. 13 Wall element according to claim ij, characterized in that it is n -z e i c h n e t that for the movement of the trunnion connection (8) one on the stick (2) and on the frame (1) articulated pivot lever (10) is provided, the joint of which on the frame forms the pivot joint (8). 14 ;. Wall element according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that it has a g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t that the heat-absorbing and possibly radiation-reflecting Layer of a transparent, optionally coated film (13, 14, 13 ') consists, which are arranged in the space between the discs (3 ', 4') and in association can be brought to the inside of one or the other disk. 15th Wall element according to Claim 14, characterized in that it is a g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the film (13 ') the space between the panes (3', 4 ') parallel to it is arranged dividing into halves, each of the halves with positive or negative pressure (18, 19) is acted upon. 16 .. Wall element according to claim 14, characterized in that it is n -z e i c h n e t that the film is placed between the inside of a pane (3 ', 4') and a guide disk (15, 16) displaceably arranged and guided over rollers (17) endless belt (13, 14), one half (13) of which has a higher thermal insulation than the other (14). 17. Wall element according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the heat-absorbing and optionally radiation-reflecting layer made of one in the space between the panes (3 ', 4') arranged ~, additional heat-insulating Disk (13 ") is made, which is mechanically or pneumatically attached to the inside of the one or another disk (3 ', 4') can be brought up. 18. Wall element according to one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that that the assignment of the heat insulating layer (13, 13 ', 13 ") to one of the panes (3 ', 4'; 3 ", 4") can be controlled depending on the outside temperature. 19. Wall element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a the interior facing invariant heat insulating layer (4 ") and the exterior facing variant heat-insulating layer (3 "). 20. Wall element according to claim 19, characterized in that for variant thermal insulation of the layer (3 ") liquid crystals are provided, the are controllable by means of an electromagnetic field 21. Wall element according to claim 19, characterized in that for the variant thermal insulation one directed to the outside space Layer (3 ") made of a material is provided whose optical properties as Permeability on the one hand and absorption or reflection on the other hand for solar Radiation are dependent on the ambient temperature by leaps and bounds, in such a way that at Outside temperatures below the inside temperature, the layer predominantly is permeable and at outside temperatures above the internal temperature the layer strongly absorbs or reflects.