DE2529572A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR WASHING AND DRYING TEXTILE GOODS - Google Patents

Description

Method and device for washing and drying textile goods

The invention relates to a method and a device for the continuous washing of textile material in the form of a strip organic solvents and then drying the washed material.

It is known that woven and knitted textile products must be treated in a special way after weaving or knitting be to the various deposited on or between the fibers, naturally present or in the course of Manufacture of the fiber or yarn or any treatment of this product to remove substances added. The removal of these textile auxiliaries, known as "delaminating" is necessary and must be done before dyeing or finishing the woven and knitted fabrics. The various woven or knitted fabrics are generally in the form of - based on their width - long ribbons or

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folded hoses Both simple tapes as well as those lying flat are used as textile tapes Hoses referred to, which thus form two substantially flat, superimposed paths, which along their edges or edges are connected to one another. Furthermore, webs of nonwoven material can be used in the invention Wise treated, as long as their binder is not attacked by the solvent used. To remove the textile auxiliaries, the textile web is essentially washed with the solvent and the latter then removed to obtain a dry fabric.

There are already several continuous or discontinuous working systems known for this. In general, these systems include, in particular, a centrifugal chamber, in me chanical a part of that held back by the textile web Solvent is removed, but generally not more than about 50% by weight of the total amount of liquid, which has been picked up by the web as it exits the wash bath. The centrifuged textile material thus generally contains still 120 to 150% of its weight in solvent.

An effective attachment is therefore necessary to remove the residual amount of solvent; such Additional device is a significant factor in increasing costs. In addition, in this second stage of the process remaining solvent evaporates. The generally heavy products that should actually be removed are not carried away in this final stage; rather, they have to be washed out and rinsed out before spinning which in turn requires a considerable amount of liquid. The known centrifugal machines practice as a result the mechanical effect exerts considerable pressure on the textile webs; this is in the case of the treatment of tubular jerseys are not allowed because the through Laying the hose flat creates creases and possibly other random creases caused by bad

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The two tracks lie on top of each other, clearly are pronounced and can only be removed with difficulty with subsequent treatment. Here the Fibers break too.

With the aid of the method according to the invention and the associated device, the known disadvantages are overcome without incurring additional investment costs for the construction of the machine or for its technical operation. On the contrary: the construction costs and the operating costs for the new device are less than they are required for most machines and conventional processes. Above all, liquid is largely withdrawn from the textile material in the first drying cycle, namely up to 95 % of the solvent contained after washing, which is taken along with the products dissolved therein (sausage and other auxiliaries). As a result, the solvent consumption is very much reduced, namely by about 50 % compared to known methods with equally good results.

In the method according to the invention for the continuous washing of textiles with organic solvents and A stretched textile tape is used for continuous drying pulled evenly through a solvent bath, rinsed by spraying with pure washing solvent, then pulled through a gap that was thick and thick matches the textile material and is dried under the action an air knife or jet guided in the opposite direction to the textile band, the center plane of which is adjacent to the gap, and finally passed on a substantially flat, perforated base under blow nozzles to remove the rest of the Remove solvent.

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The device used to perform the procedure consists of the following successive assemblies together:

A washing chamber that holds the liquid solvent and a transport device for the wide textile tape contains; this is passed through a first zone of the washing caramers and then in a second or transition zone folded from bottom to top; the two zones are partially separated from each other by a vertical partition separated, the bottom a passage below the liquid surface for the textile tape releases. In the direction of the material flow, a spray device is then provided in which the textile tape is uniform is impregnated or soaked, and which is arranged so that the solvent in the second or transition zone drains.

The transition zone establishes the connection between the Ylasch chamber and the rinsing and drying chamber connected to it. In this an axially parallel Y / roller pair (squeeze rollers) is arranged, which leaves a gap free substantially coincides with the textile tape in terms of thickness and width; the squeegee rollers are followed by the Device that generates the air knife; this is directed in the opposite direction to the textile tape, so that the air jet the length of the textile tape is coated; the gap between the squeegee rollers is essentially in the Extension of air knife or air jet; the textile tape is with the help of appropriately arranged rollers or Roll from one side of the chamber to the other through the squeegee rollers and under the air jet passed along.

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An evaporation chamber that is connected to the rinsing and drying chambers is in communication via a passage, the cross-section of which is essentially the cross-section of the textile tape is equivalent to; In the evaporation chamber, the textile tape is transported on a flat, perforated surface together with a means which causes the textile tape to run across the entire width and one to evaporate sufficient length of the solvent. is penetrated by regularly distributed gas jets.

In the context of this description, as already stated, the band is either a simple, wide textile web or but two lanes, which when laying a jersey

w corresponds to

Hose yield; in this case the width of the textile tape is half the circumference of the theoretically cylindrical Tube and its thickness twice the real thickness of the jersey.

The textile material can consist of a wide variety of fibers, i.e. natural fibers, synthetic fibers or synthetic fibers Fibersj and continue to be woven or knitted; also come into question with the help of an insoluble in the solvent Nonwovens made with binders.

In general, so that the actual washing process and the subsequent treatments proceed satisfactorily, the running speed of the textile belt should be 10 to 30 m / min, depending on the nature of the textile material. The tape is drawn off, for example, from a reel and passed through a narrow gap, the cross section of which is essentially the same as the cross section of the tape, into the washing chamber. A halogen derivative of ethylene, ethane or methane is generally used as the solvent, especially perchlorethylene, trichlorethylene, trichloroethane or methylene chloride. The solvent is present in the washing chamber in such an amount that the effective contact time between the textile belt and the solvent is 15 seconds to 5 minutes. The solvent is fed in via the atomizer nozzles, which are arranged in connection with the transition zone. . . . 509883/0788

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and with the help of which the textile material is rinsed. Furthermore, the textile tape is advantageously sprayed with solvent that is taken directly from the washing tape; this improves the wetting of the textile tape and displaces air bubbles trapped in the folds. The bath temperature is generally between 60 ^° C. and room temperature; it is preferred to work at room temperature. In general, 2.5 to 6 kg of solvent per kg of textile are sufficient. The solvent recovered in the drying chamber or during the subsequent measures is purified in a known manner and put back into circulation. The process according to the invention is characterized in that the loss of solvent is greatly reduced in the course of this cycle.

Rinsing is ensured by effective and regular spraying or atomization of pure solvent on the textile material an effective removal of the dissolved substances, which is further promoted by the fact that this is the opposite of the textile tape Runoff solvents progressively reduce the amount of undesirable substances on the fibers.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment when washing the textile tapes in an organic solvent the tape is folded in folds over the surface of the solvent and, when the bottom layer is peeled off, into the Unfolded the solvent bath again and then led it past the solvent distribution device, which is arranged above the bath so that the solvent against the direction of the web of the textile tape over this drains into a liquid piston from the main body des Bsdes, in which the actual washing process takes place "is partially separated.

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Drying takes place with an air jet, as described in FR-PS 2 169 474 and the addition FR-PS 2 206 839. This air jet or air knife is fed with compressed air; the temperature is 60 ^° C. up to room temperature, preferably room temperature.

4 to 9 kg of air are applied to the belt per kg of textile material at a relative pressure of 0.2 to 1 kg / cm. operation and the effect of this air knife are described in detail in the publications just mentioned. In the pulling direction In front of the air knife, the tape runs through a narrow gap, the width of which is at least equal to the width of the fabric and the thickness of which is equal to the thickness of the fabric; this gap is arranged in the extension of the air knife or the air jet. If a tubular jersey is treated, so some of the air from the air knife penetrates into the hose and forms here one like the one just described

a
Gap closed air bubble. Instead of air, other gases can also be used for drying.

After drying, the tape is guided onto a perforated base, which is fixed or movable, and guided on this under a series of blow nozzles, the gas jets of which remove the remaining solvent; this residual proportion of solvent makes up in the context of the process according to the invention generally 20 to 40% by weight, based on the textile material and depending on the texture of the textile. The gas can be used, particularly hot air (80 to 150 ° C) at a speed through the fabric band of 2 to 5 m / s, superheated steam with a ¹ temperature such that no water is condensed on the fibers and various flowable media at a speed analogous to air. Advantageously, water vapor at a temperature of 100 to 105 ^° C. is used, which condenses on the belt and thereby drives away the solvent. It is known that latent evaporation

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heat of water very large compared to that of chlorinated hydrocarbons; a small amount of water vapor is therefore sufficient to remove a given weight of solvent. In general, 0.5 to 1.5 kg of water vapor per kg of fiber is sufficient. This use of saturated steam has a remarkable effect on the relaxation of the textile material. As is well known, this is subjected to various stresses or tensions during the previous treatments and must be relaxed in order to find its equilibrium dimensions again _o Treating the tape under the conditions just described enables the area to shrink within 10 χ, which is up to 15% of the tape can make out.

The area on which the air nozzles are distributed results from this time.

In addition to the remarkably rapid shrinkage of the textile, the water used in this way that natural fibers take on their original texture again within a very short time.

In cases in which water condenses on the textile material, a further drying cycle must be provided in order to remove this. This evaporation can, for example be effected by blowing air to the flat ge docu-lying on the perforated textile tape or sucked through the belt, preferably at a temperature of about 6O ⁰ C.

The solvent removed in the various stages of the process is recovered and, if necessary, purified with the help of measures known per se, for example by distillation, especially when leaving the rinsing and Drying chamber. Gas that carries small amounts of solvent and is intended to be released into the atmosphere,

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can be passed through a bed of activated carbon beforehand.

The passage of the tape through the device and at the same time the spreading or keeping spread is known by means of Roll or roller assemblies causes some of which are drive rollers. Advantageously, the tape is somewhat less with Speed drawn through the evaporation chamber than through the chambers in front of it; the speed difference compensates for the linear shrinkage of the tape, which is thus easily folded under the blower or steam nozzles and then stretches on the flat surface. The perforated area used in this operation is advantageously part of a perforated conveyor belt, whose speed is set according to the above conditions.

The device used according to the invention and its mode of operation are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying schematic drawing. This shows a special embodiment, namely a compact arrangement · of the various components, which, however, also depend on the Conditions of an existing system can be assigned to one another in a different way.

The textile strip 1 drawn off from a supply roll, in the present case If a tubular jersey is laid flat, it is deflected by the guide roller 2 and stretched on this and passes through the entry slot 3 into the washing chamber 4, shown as a vertical right-angled cross-section through a rectangular trough. Advantageously, this Chamber in the upper area with a right-angled horizontal cross-section, while the lower area is different executed and especially drawn in to the volume of solvent in the bottom part of the chamber

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to limit the volume taken up by the belt as the liquid passes through; this will explained in more detail below. The slot 3 for the entry of goods has, in order to prevent solvent loss, a cross-section that is practically the same as the cross-section of the textile tape ... are those present in this device Slits are provided in a wall of small thickness, so they are advantageously provided with curved lips, whose minimum distance corresponds to the thickness of the textile tape and which diverge upwards and downwards. A small amount of condensed or squeezed off liquid ensures sufficient tightness. Different slot shapes and a slight relative negative pressure in the various chambers ensure that no solvent is released into the atmosphere. In the head part of the chamber is a known device for depositing in Columns provided; it consists of a rocker arm, at the lower end of which has two guide rods 5 for the tape, im Image shown in cross section are attached. The amplitude of the vibrations indicated by the double arrow is like this sized that the gaps or plies 6 from a wall of the chamber to reach the other. Two (not shown) vertical! guide edges may be provided perpendicular to the outer walls, their distance from one another corresponding to the Fabric width can be adjusted from one selvedge to the other. The four vertical walls hold onto this Place the stack formed in a vertical position, with the individual layers lying horizontally. Part of the .locations

and will

dips below the surface 7 of the solvent held in a horizontal position by the hydrostatic buoyancy. The bottom layer is pulled to the pulley 8. This is attached to the bottom of the chamber, axially parallel to the gaps or horizontal layers of fabric, under a vertical one Partition 9, which has a connection, which is partially claimed by the deflection roller 8, with an adjacent transition

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zone that acts as a liquid seal or connection between the washing chamber and the rinsing and drying chamber serves. Above the liquid surface in the connection zone are atomizer nozzles 11 for spraying of pure solvent preferably placed on both sides of the belt and across its entire width; the solvent runs off into the transition zone. Preferably there are also a number of atomizing nozzles 12 provided, which are fed with solvent from the washing chamber and the tricot before being folded spray. An overflow, not shown, through the outer walls of the main room for the solvent bath leads to this Solvent laden with dissolved substances in appropriate Cleaning systems.

Other tubs or containers that contain, for example, a certain number of axially parallel rollers that Forcing the textile belt to a more or less complex pass, as well as fixtures, can do a good wash ensure that the textile material and the solvent run in opposite directions. Rotating devices, for example perforated drum-yoke devices that operate on various Wise moved are also useful. The embodiment described above is preferred which the textile tape is stored in cold because of the simplicity of the mechanical organs and the low tension that is exerted on the textile tape when performing the process.

21
The rinsing and drying chamber, into which the textile strip arrives after exiting the transition zone, contains two groups of deflection rollers 13 and 14, which are arranged on both sides of the pair of rollers 15 and the device 16 for producing the air knife.

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This device for generating the air knife, which is described in more detail in the above-mentioned documents, exists from a chamber fed with compressed air, which via a narrow passage through one of its essentially flat, horizontal or slightly inclined walls in contact with a slot through which the jersey tape is pulled will. This slot is between this wall and a substantially flat surface that is parallel to this wall is arranged and of practically the same area and aas a movable material or piece (flotant). This area (which is also the area of the slit) can have a length that matches the largest fabric widths corresponds to the usual woven or knitted fabric, i.e. 2.20 m; but only the part corresponding to the width of the treated strip is used effectively. This effective Use is stopped by closing the narrow air passage next to the edges of the tape. The width of the slot (and thus the areas that limit it) is not important, in practice it is generally 40 to 70 mm.

The narrow air passage provided consists of a slot or one or more rows of openings arranged parallel to the width of the fabric of the belt and to the goods entry side in the vicinity of the sloping edges of the two walls delimiting the slot. The (movable) inflatable part, which is held, for example, by an elastic rubber band essentially parallel to the opposite compressed air chamber, is subjected to pneumatic pressure with the aid of, for example, a balloon into which air is blown in such a way that the combined effect of its own weight and this Pressure, the distance of the movable piece from the opposite wall is essentially equal to the thickness of the text t}. band.

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The air thus penetrates into the belt and exits it again along the sloping edges of the slot, a major part of the solvent being entrained. The one generated by the slit and the textile material in the direction of passage Loss of pressure prevents a substantial amount of air from flowing in that direction.

With the one shown in the picture! "All the treatment of a tubular Jerseys, the air enters between the two superimposed panels and forms a bubble that is on the the other end is closed by the pair of squeeze rollers. This ensures a good distribution of the air between the fibers emerge again, and a complete unfolding or unfolding of the tube, which is then again is laid flat, but without being compressed as it enters the air knife and without noticeable Tension is pulled through.

The axes of the rollers 15 are preferably mounted on a device with the aid of which they are directed towards one another. Both sides of the median plane (centered to) the air tract can be moved depending on the thickness of the tape and the length of this plane so that the trapped air bubble is kept larger or smaller can, depending on the air pressure losses that occur. Return or return springs keep these two axes a distance of generally 8 to 20 cm from the air knife device and in contact with the webs of the textile tape. The air supply and the discharge for the Solvent-laden air is not shown in the picture.

The textile belt leaves the drying chamber via channel 17, the cross-section of which is practically the same as the cross-section of the ribbon, and is led into another tunnel-like chamber, in which a perforated conveyor belt 118 is arranged, the speed of which is slightly slower than that Belt speed in the first two chambers. That

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Textile belt is picked up by the conveyor belt and lies initially wavy. Nozzles 19 are for water vapor

Above the belt smooth over a length of about 3 m arranges. The textile tape settles in the course of the passage due to the relaxation or relaxation that is achieved in this process step, and finally emerges via the slot 20 from the overall device. This last chamber is preferably under a slight negative pressure in order to prevent solvent losses. the Inlets and outlets of the various flowable Media are not shown in the picture. Following the exit of the goods, one is also not shown Conveying device for the textile belt the existing water with the help of an air jet or suction evaporated or evaporated by air through the belt. After this last treatment, the textile is dry.

The following example serves to explain the invention in more detail:

Example ;

A tubular tricot made of polyamide 66, which was 98 cm wide when laid flat, with a weight

of 400 g was taken from a spool at a speed unwound from 13 m / min and introduced into the washing chamber; this consisted of a rectangular tub 1.50 m high, 0.90 m wide and 2.20 m long, which was filled with perchlorethylene ti m high. Two movable ones Partitions limited the effective length to 1 m.

With the help of a device with a rocker arm, the textile tape is placed in layers that essentially have the dimensions the chamber as defined by the movable partitions are set to take. The one on this

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A stack formed in this way partially sinks into the solvent · The bottom layer is unfolded and the tape is over guided the pulley located at the bottom of the chamber, the one below the not reaching all the way to the bottom Partition is arranged. With the help of a sight glass provided in one of the outer walls, it can be determined that the tape is unfolded in layers and in this way displaces part of the liquid volume when it is pulled through or takes away. The tape is then fed into the rinsing and drying chamber, where it is first the transition zone goes through that with flushing solvent in an amount of 1250 kg / h is fed; then the belt is picked up by a group of deflection rollers and between the nip rollers passed through the air knife. The air knife is generated from a chamber, which with 1900 kg / h Air is fed, under a pressure in contact with the tricot of 0.6 kg / cm · The effective length of this chamber is equal to the width of the fabric of the Triköfe and the width included bevelled slot edges 60 mm. In the upper wall, which forms an angle of 15 ° with the horizontal one, a slot of 1 mm is provided parallel to the fabric width of the jersey. Another slot of practically the same thickness of the fabric is provided between this chamber and a flat surface of a movable piece that passes through pneumatic pressure is maintained to equalize the pressure of the injected air. The sloping edge in the direction of pulling through in front of the air knife on the movable StUok has one Angle of 15 ° to the horizontal and a width of 0.7 cm; the bevel of the compressed air chamber is at an angle of 30 ° and a width of 1.4 cm.

The distance between the next surface lines of the two rollers is 2 mm on average and the distance between the roller gap from the air knife on average 12 cm. A bubble formed in the unfolded jersey

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that migrated regularly and without creasing or wrinkling through the air knife. Upon exiting the air knife the jersey contained 32%> of its weight perchlorethylene · In the evaporation chamber Ifurde the textile band with 300 kg / h steam at 102 ⁰ C treated and during this treatment to a 4 m long perforated conveyor belt at a running speed of 12.6 m / min transported. After this treatment, the textile tape no longer had any solvent odor. For final drying, it was passed over a 1.5 m suction box; thereafter no more solvents could be detected when touched.

Claims;

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Claims (4)

Claims Process for the continuous washing and drying of textile webs with organic solvents, thereby characterized in that the web is pulled through a solvent bath, sprayed with pure solvent, with the help of an air knife, which is directed against the running direction of the web, largely dries and on an openwork The remaining solvent is removed from the conveyor belt by blowing it up and, if necessary, suctioning it off. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that one continuously the web as one Laying a stack of layers so that it is partially immersed in the solvent bath, and pulls off the bottom layer and then pure solvent sprayed against the direction of travel of the web. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the web is sprayed after washing and drying with 0.5 to 1.5 kg / kg of textile water vapor at 100 to 105 ⁰ C and the condensed water is removed. 4. Apparatus for performing the method according to claim 1, - 'characterized by a Washing chamber (4) for the solvent and a spraying and drying chamber (21) with web guides (2, 8, 13, 14), which through a transition zone (10) formed with the help of a vertical partition (9) in the lower area of the chambers 509883/0788 1A-46 654 2528572 are in communication with each other, and in the spray and drying chamber in the running direction of the web first a spray device (11) for the pure solvent, so that it can flow off into the transition zone, squeezing rollers (15) and a system for an air knife (16a) that runs counter to the direction of travel the web ur », which is directed towards the nip of the nip rollers, are arranged, as well as an end tray chamber (22), which communicates with the spray and drying chamber via a channel (17) and in which there is a horizontal perforated Conveyor belt (18) for the web is located above the blow nozzles (19) are arranged. 5 · Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the washing chamber consists of a tub with There is a rectangular cross-section, which is essentially adjustable to the width of the web and in which there is a spray device (12) for possibly recycled solvent and a device known per se for layer-by-layer Depositing the web (5, 6) is located, the washing chamber is dimensioned so that the web residence time in the solvent bath 15 s to 5 min. 509883/0788