DE2462401C2 - Shell and tube heat exchanger - Google Patents
Shell and tube heat exchangerInfo
- Publication number
- DE2462401C2 DE2462401C2 DE2462401A DE2462401A DE2462401C2 DE 2462401 C2 DE2462401 C2 DE 2462401C2 DE 2462401 A DE2462401 A DE 2462401A DE 2462401 A DE2462401 A DE 2462401A DE 2462401 C2 DE2462401 C2 DE 2462401C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- wall
- heat exchanger
- collar
- tubes
- collars
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 244000089486 Phragmites australis subsp australis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/001—Casings in the form of plate-like arrangements; Frames enclosing a heat exchange core
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
- F28F9/06—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by dismountable joints
- F28F9/14—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by dismountable joints by force-joining
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
- Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Rohrbündelwärmetauscher, bei dem die Rohre mit ihren Enden in Wasserkästen münden und eine Wand der Wasserkästen Rohrdurchlässe aufweist, in denen nachgiebige, elastisch verformbare, die Enden der Rohre umgebende Dichtungen in Form von Kragen angeordnet sind, deren Außenwand die Wasserkastenwand im Bereich der Rohrdurchlässe umfaßt.The invention relates to a tube bundle heat exchanger, in which the tubes with their ends in water tanks open and a wall of the water tanks has pipe passages in which flexible, elastically deformable, the ends of the tubes surrounding seals are arranged in the form of collars, the outer wall of which comprises the water tank wall in the area of the pipe passages.
Bei bekannten Rohrbündelwärmetauschern dieser Art (DE-GM 72 05 437) bestehen die kragenförmigen Dichtungen jeweils aus Einzelteilen, die jeweils für sich und einer nach dem andern in die Wasserkastenwand eingesetzt werden müssen, was ein umständlicher und zeitraubender Arbeitsvorgang ist. Außerdem können bei den nachträglichen Einführen der Rohre die einzelnen Dichtungen in das Innere des bereits vorher zusammengesetzten Wasserkastens hineingedrückt werden. Wenn dies auch nur für eine einzige Dichtung der Fall ist, war die ganze Arbeit des Zusammenbaus des Wasserkastens umsonst und muß wiederholt werden. Auch dies ist im Hinblick auf eine Massenfertigung von Rohrbündelwärmetauschern untragbar. Schließlich haben die Dichtungen im bekannten Fall eine solche Querschnittsform, die das »Einfädeln« der Rohrenden schwierig macht und nicht immer zu einer vollkommenen Abdichtung führt.In known tube bundle heat exchangers of this type (DE-GM 72 05 437) there are collar-shaped Seals each made up of individual parts, each for itself and one after the other in the water tank wall must be used, which is a cumbersome and time-consuming operation. Also can When the pipes are subsequently inserted, the individual seals are inserted into the interior of the previously assembled one The water box. Even if this is the case for even a single seal is, all the work of assembling the water box was wasted and needs to be repeated. Even this is unacceptable in terms of mass production of shell and tube heat exchangers. Finally have the seals in the known case have such a cross-sectional shape that the "threading" of the pipe ends difficult and does not always lead to a perfect seal.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, den geschilderten Mängeln abzuhelfen und unter Erzielung einer überall guten Abdichtung das Zusammensetzen gattungsgemäßer Rohrbündelwärmetauscher zu vereinfachen und sicherer zu machen. It is the object of the invention to remedy the deficiencies outlined and to achieve an everywhere good Sealing to simplify the assembly of generic tube bundle heat exchangers and to make them safer.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst daß die Kragen durch eine nachgiebige Membran miteinander verbunden sind, welche die Wand des Wasser-, kastens wenigstens teilweise überdeckt, und daß die Innenwand jedes Kragens im wesentlichen kugelstumpfförmig ausgebildet und gegen die Außenseite eines Rohres gepreßt istThe object is achieved according to the invention in that the collars are connected to one another by a flexible membrane are connected, which at least partially covers the wall of the water box, and that the inner wall each collar is substantially frusto-spherical and against the outside of one Rohres is pressed
Hierdurch wird erreicht, daß man insgesamt eine einstückige, flächige Dichtung beliebiger Abmessungen hat mit der man praktisch in einem einzigen Arbeitsgang die gesamte Abdichtung aller Rohre in der zugehörigen Wasserkastenwand erreichen kann. Auch besteht keine Gefahr mehr, daß einzelne Kragen beim Einfügen der Rohre in das Innere des Wasserkastens hineingedrückt werden, da alle Kragen nunmehr über die Membran zusammenhängen und sich somit nicht vereinzeln können. Schließlich entsteht durch die kegelstumpfförmige Ausbildung der Innenwand jedesThis ensures that a total of a one-piece, Flat seal of any dimensions with which one has practically in a single operation can achieve the entire sealing of all pipes in the associated water tank wall. Also exists there is no longer any risk of individual collars when the pipes are inserted into the interior of the water tank are pressed in, since all the collars are now connected via the membrane and thus not can isolate. Finally, the frustoconical design of the inner wall creates each
verbessertimproved
wärmetauscher sind zwar bekannt (DE-GM 17 98 515), jedoch liegen in diesem Falle die Kegelstumpfflächen an der Außenseite der Dichtung, so daß dort die Vorteile einer leichteren Einführung des Rohrendes und der besseren Abdichtung nicht gegeben sind. Bei anderen bekannten Rohrbündelwärmetauschern (AT-PS 2 29 345) sind die Rohrenden nicht direkt in den Wasserkastenboden eingesteckt sondern liegen im Abstand von diesem, wobei der Abstand durch elastische Dichthülsen von kegelstumpfförmigem Querschnitt überbrückt ist Hierdurch kann leicht eine instabile Anordnung entstehen, die zur Undichtigkeit neigt Im übrigen müssen auch im letztgenannten Fall die Dichthülsen einzeln auf dieHeat exchangers are known (DE-GM 17 98 515), but in this case the frustoconical surfaces are in contact the outside of the seal, so there the benefits easier insertion of the pipe end and the better Sealing are not given. In other known tube bundle heat exchangers (AT-PS 2 29 345) the pipe ends are not inserted directly into the bottom of the water tank but are at a distance from it, whereby the distance is bridged by elastic sealing sleeves with a frustoconical cross-section an unstable arrangement can easily arise which tends to leak the latter case, the sealing sleeves individually on the
Ausführungsform der Erfindung dient im Zusammenhang mit der Zeichnung der weiteren Erläuterung. Auf der Zeichnung zeigtEmbodiment of the invention is used in conjunction with the drawing for further explanation. on the drawing shows
F i g. 1 eine auseinandergezogene Schnittansicht eines Rohrbündelwärmetauschers undF i g. 1 is an exploded sectional view of a shell and tube heat exchanger and FIG
Der in F i g. 1 in noch nicht zusammengesetztem Zustand dargestellte Rohrbündelwärmetauscher weist
Rohre 1 von kreisförmigem Querschnitt auf, an welchen' Rippen 2 angeordnet sind. Die Rohre 1 und die Rippen 2
Können aus üblichem Metall hergestellt und in an sich bekannter Weise miteinander verbunden sein. Die Enden
der Rohre 1 werden in die Wände von Wasserkästen 3,3a eingesteckt
In entsprechende Rohrdurchlässe 11 jeder Wasserkastenwand
sind abdichtende Kragen 13 aus nachgiebigem, elastischem Material, z. B. aus Elastomer, eingesetzt.
In die Kragen 13 werden die Enden der Rohre 1 eingesteckt. Im Bereich der Rohrdurchlässe 11 ist die
Wand des Wasserkastens 3,3a kreisbogenförmig abgerundet und in eine entsprechende Ausnehmung 12 des
Kragens 13 eingesetzt. Die Innenwand 13a ist (F i g. 2) kegelstumpfförmig ausgebildet Die Kragen 13 bilden
ferner oben eine Schulter 14 für die Verklinkung mit der Wand der Wasserkästen 3,3a. An der gegenüberliegenden
Seite weisen die Kragen 13 sich erweiternde Wülste 15 auf, welche die Führung der Rohre 1 erleichtern und
eine elastische Aufhängung des Bündels nach dem Zusammenbau ermöglichen.The in F i g. 1, the tube bundle heat exchanger shown in the not yet assembled state has tubes 1 of circular cross-section, on which ribs 2 are arranged. The tubes 1 and the ribs 2 can be made of conventional metal and connected to one another in a manner known per se. The ends of the pipes 1 are inserted into the walls of water tanks 3, 3 a
In corresponding pipe passages 11 of each water tank wall, sealing collars 13 made of flexible, elastic material, for. B. made of elastomer. The ends of the tubes 1 are inserted into the collar 13. In the area of the pipe passages 11, the wall of the water tank 3, 3 a is rounded off in the shape of a circular arc and inserted into a corresponding recess 12 of the collar 13. The inner wall 13a (FIG. 2) is designed in the shape of a truncated cone. The collars 13 also form a shoulder 14 at the top for latching to the wall of the water tanks 3, 3a. On the opposite side, the collars 13 have widening beads 15 which make it easier to guide the tubes 1 and allow the bundle to be suspended elastically after assembly.
Die Wülste 15 legen sich nämlich gegen die erste Rippe, wie bei 2a dargestellt, so daß eine elastische Verbindung zwischen den Rohrbündeln an den Wasserkästen 3,3a und nicht dargestellten, verbindenden Seitenteilen entsteht Ferner ist vorzugsweise eine Lippe 14a an dem oberen Scheitel der kegelstumpförmigen Innenwand 13a angeformt, um die Abdichtung mit jedem Rohr zu vervollständigen.The beads 15 lie against the first rib, as shown at 2a, so that an elastic connection between the tube bundles on the water tanks 3, 3 a and connecting side parts, not shown Furthermore, a lip 14a is preferably formed on the upper apex of the frustoconical inner wall 13a molded to complete the seal with each tube.
Die Anzahl der Kragen 13 entspricht der Anzahl der Rohrdurchlässe 11 in jedem Wasserkasten 3, 3a. Alle Kragen 13 sind miteinander durch eine Membran 16 verbunden, welche den größten Teil der Wand eines jeden Wasserkastens überdecktThe number of collar 13 corresponds to the number of Pipe passages 11 in each water tank 3, 3a. All collars 13 are interconnected by a membrane 16 connected, which covers most of the wall of each water box
Der Zusammenbau des Rohrbündelwärmetauschers erfolgt folgendermaßen: Das eigentliche Bündel aus den Rohren 1 und den Rippen 2 wird zunächst in der in F i g. 1 dargestellten Weise vorbereitet. Hierauf werden die Wa&serkästen 3, 3a, welche mit der von den verschiedenen, durch die Membran 16 verbundenen Kragen 13 gebildeten Dichtung versehen sind, an den Enden der Rohre 1 angebracht Beim Einschieben der Rohre in die Kragen 13 werden diese elastisch verforrst und gegen die Außenwand der Rohre gepreßt so daß sich eine gute Abdichtung ergibtThe assembly of the tube bundle heat exchanger takes place as follows: The actual bundle from the Tubes 1 and the ribs 2 is first shown in FIG. 1 prepared manner shown. Be on it the water bins 3, 3a, which are connected to the by the membrane 16 connected collar 13 formed seal are provided at the ends of the pipes 1 attached When inserting the pipes in the collars 13 are elastically deformed and counteracted the outer wall of the tubes pressed so that a good seal results
2525th
3030th
4040
6565
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR7328161A FR2239659B1 (en) | 1973-08-01 | 1973-08-01 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE2462401A1 DE2462401A1 (en) | 1976-12-16 |
DE2462401C2 true DE2462401C2 (en) | 1984-09-27 |
Family
ID=9123465
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE2435632A Expired DE2435632C3 (en) | 1973-08-01 | 1974-07-24 | Device for connecting and mechanically locking tubular water tanks of a jet body |
DE2462401A Expired DE2462401C2 (en) | 1973-08-01 | 1974-07-24 | Shell and tube heat exchanger |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE2435632A Expired DE2435632C3 (en) | 1973-08-01 | 1974-07-24 | Device for connecting and mechanically locking tubular water tanks of a jet body |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BE (1) | BE817394A (en) |
DE (2) | DE2435632C3 (en) |
ES (2) | ES428752A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2239659B1 (en) |
GB (2) | GB1482142A (en) |
IT (2) | IT1030593B (en) |
Families Citing this family (35)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4116268A (en) * | 1975-10-10 | 1978-09-26 | Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft | Water tank for transverse flow radiator |
DE2558895C3 (en) * | 1975-12-27 | 1986-07-10 | Süddeutsche Kühlerfabrik Julius Fr. Behr GmbH & Co KG, 7000 Stuttgart | Radiators for vehicles |
DE2614969A1 (en) * | 1976-04-07 | 1977-10-20 | Volkswagenwerk Ag | ARRANGEMENT WITH AN ENGINE COOLER OF A VEHICLE |
FR2369076A1 (en) * | 1976-11-02 | 1978-05-26 | Chausson Usines Sa | PROCESS FOR |
WO1980001526A1 (en) * | 1978-02-09 | 1980-07-24 | Caterpillar Tractor Co | Control for direct-current motor with separately excited field |
FR2417741A1 (en) * | 1978-02-21 | 1979-09-14 | Ferodo Sa | PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER WATER BOX PLATE COATING |
CA1132019A (en) * | 1978-03-06 | 1982-09-21 | Thomas P. Hopper | Solar collector of a liquid heat exchange type |
US4300628A (en) * | 1978-12-18 | 1981-11-17 | Mccord Corporation | Heat exchanger assembly |
FR2444580A1 (en) * | 1978-12-22 | 1980-07-18 | Ferodo Sa | DEVICE FOR MOUNTING A HEAT EXCHANGER IN A CASING OF A HEATING, VENTILATION AND / OR AIR-CONDITIONING APPARATUS, PARTICULARLY A MOTOR VEHICLE COCKPIT AND EXCHANGER PROVIDED WITH SUCH A DEVICE |
FR2460467A1 (en) * | 1979-06-29 | 1981-01-23 | Ferodo Sa | REINFORCED SOLIDITY HEAT EXCHANGER |
FR2484071B1 (en) * | 1980-06-05 | 1985-12-13 | Valeo | HOLE PLATE FOR A HEAT EXCHANGER WITH FLUID CIRCULATION TUBES |
FR2492963B1 (en) * | 1980-10-23 | 1986-01-31 | Chausson Usines Sa | HEAT EXCHANGER WITH TUBES AND FINS AND MECHANICALLY ASSEMBLED COLLECTOR PLATES |
FR2503346B2 (en) * | 1980-11-24 | 1986-02-21 | Chausson Usines Sa | MECHANICALLY ASSEMBLED HEAT EXCHANGER OF THE TUBE AND VANE TYPE |
FR2509033B1 (en) * | 1981-07-03 | 1987-02-13 | Chausson Usines Sa | LINING FOR SEALING BETWEEN A COLLECTOR PLATE AND A HEAT EXCHANGER TUBE |
DE3242072C2 (en) * | 1982-11-13 | 1985-10-24 | Süddeutsche Kühlerfabrik Julius Fr. Behr GmbH & Co. KG, 7000 Stuttgart | Connection arrangement for metallic pipes of a heat exchanger with a bottom of a water tank |
DE3308349C2 (en) * | 1983-03-09 | 1985-08-22 | Süddeutsche Kühlerfabrik Julius Fr. Behr GmbH & Co. KG, 7000 Stuttgart | Tubular heat exchanger with a thermoplastic water tank |
DE3408835C2 (en) * | 1984-03-10 | 1987-01-29 | Fa. Carl Freudenberg, 6940 Weinheim | Water heater |
DE8322349U1 (en) * | 1983-08-03 | 1983-11-17 | Fa. Carl Freudenberg, 6940 Weinheim | DEVICE FOR SEALINGLY FASTENING A PIPE IN THE OPENING OF A PIPE HOLDING PLATE |
DE3428857A1 (en) * | 1984-08-04 | 1986-02-13 | Süddeutsche Kühlerfabrik Julius Fr. Behr GmbH & Co KG, 7000 Stuttgart | WATER / AIR COOLER FOR WATER-COOLED COMBUSTION ENGINES |
CA1241636A (en) * | 1985-04-15 | 1988-09-06 | Philip G. Lesage | Radiator core |
DE3734523A1 (en) * | 1987-10-13 | 1989-04-27 | Sueddeutsche Kuehler Behr | Charge-air cooler (intercooler) |
DE3820623A1 (en) * | 1988-06-17 | 1989-12-21 | Sueddeutsche Kuehler Behr | WATER / AIR COOLER FOR WATER-COOLED COMBUSTION ENGINES, ESPECIALLY COMMERCIAL VEHICLES |
GB2241057B (en) * | 1990-02-13 | 1994-08-24 | Frank Clarke | Heat exchanger with individually removable tubes |
DE4230092C2 (en) * | 1992-09-09 | 2000-07-27 | Behr Gmbh & Co | Heat exchangers, in particular evaporators for air conditioning systems in motor vehicles |
DE29509565U1 (en) * | 1995-06-10 | 1995-08-17 | Behr Gmbh & Co | Heat exchangers for motor vehicles |
DE19651625A1 (en) * | 1996-12-12 | 1998-06-18 | Behr Industrietech Gmbh & Co | Ribbed-tube heat exchange system for charging air cooling |
DE29704574U1 (en) * | 1997-03-13 | 1998-07-09 | Autokühler GmbH & Co KG, 34369 Hofgeismar | Heat exchangers, in particular air / air heat exchangers |
DE29707834U1 (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1997-07-03 | Dr.Ing.H.C. F. Porsche Ag, 70435 Stuttgart | Liquid-air heat exchangers |
FR2914411B1 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2010-11-19 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | HEAT EXCHANGER HEAT EXCHANGER AND HEAT EXCHANGER HAVING SUCH A HOUSING |
FR2905452B1 (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2010-09-03 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | HEAT EXCHANGER FLUID DISPENSING BOX AND HEAT EXCHANGER HAVING SUCH A BOX. |
WO2008025617A1 (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2008-03-06 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Housing for the distribution of a heat-carrier fluid for a heat exchanger and heat exchanger comprising such a housing |
DE102006043418B4 (en) * | 2006-09-15 | 2012-08-30 | Audi Ag | Cooling system for an internal combustion engine |
GB2453128A (en) * | 2007-09-26 | 2009-04-01 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | End plate of a heat exchanger |
DE102014219401A1 (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2016-03-31 | Mahle International Gmbh | Arrangement for a tempering device and tempering device |
CN107957202B (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2021-09-28 | 盾安环境技术有限公司 | Fin and microchannel heat exchanger |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE7205437U (en) * | 1972-06-08 | Welschehold G | Corrosion-resistant seal | |
DE7302169U (en) * | 1973-05-10 | Behr J Sueddeutsche Kuehlerfabrik | Shell and tube heat exchanger | |
DE1798515U (en) * | 1958-12-20 | 1959-10-22 | Harzer Achsenwerke K G Schwema | ELASTIC TUBE-LIKE SEAL, IN PARTICULAR FOR PIPE FLOORS OF HEAT EXCHANGERS. |
AT229345B (en) * | 1962-03-29 | 1963-09-10 | Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab | Shell and tube heat exchanger |
FR2061577B2 (en) * | 1969-08-05 | 1973-03-16 | Ferodo Sa |
-
1973
- 1973-08-01 FR FR7328161A patent/FR2239659B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1974
- 1974-07-08 BE BE6044676A patent/BE817394A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-07-24 GB GB22959/76A patent/GB1482142A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-07-24 DE DE2435632A patent/DE2435632C3/en not_active Expired
- 1974-07-24 DE DE2462401A patent/DE2462401C2/en not_active Expired
- 1974-07-24 GB GB32657/74A patent/GB1482141A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-07-25 IT IT25567/74A patent/IT1030593B/en active
- 1974-07-30 ES ES428752A patent/ES428752A1/en not_active Expired
-
1976
- 1976-03-13 ES ES446043A patent/ES446043A1/en not_active Expired
-
1981
- 1981-01-13 IT IT19106/81A patent/IT1218265B/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2462401A1 (en) | 1976-12-16 |
DE2435632A1 (en) | 1975-02-20 |
ES446043A1 (en) | 1977-06-01 |
IT8119106A0 (en) | 1981-01-13 |
BE817394A (en) | 1974-11-04 |
IT1218265B (en) | 1990-04-12 |
FR2239659A1 (en) | 1975-02-28 |
DE2435632C3 (en) | 1980-10-30 |
GB1482141A (en) | 1977-08-03 |
ES428752A1 (en) | 1976-09-01 |
IT1030593B (en) | 1979-04-10 |
FR2239659B1 (en) | 1976-05-07 |
GB1482142A (en) | 1977-08-03 |
DE2435632B2 (en) | 1980-03-13 |
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