DE2341156B2 - Method of making pile carpets - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing pile carpets according to the preamble of Claim 1.

According to this known from DE-OS 16 60 178 In this process, the crimped threads are processed into staple fiber yarns and then tufed.

When using uncrimped and also conventionally crimped threads, such as by the stuffing box method, false twist method or the like, was between the pile elements the carrier material (the base fabric) can be seen. This causes the carpet to look poor. Around to avoid this had to be tufted more densely. However, this has the disadvantage that the The amount of tufted threads is very large and therefore high costs are incurred. They also turn out to be such manufactured carpets are hard and are difficult to walk on

From US Pat. No. 3,117,906 it is known to spin a certain percentage, for example 37% or 50% polyamide and 63% or 50% polyester, into a composite thread. The thread is then drawn and wound onto a bobbin. According to another example, the drawn thread is then immersed in hot water in the relaxed state to form a crimp. The thus treated yarn is then woven into a silk-like taffeta This fabric is washed in an oil-containing solution and then the solution is brought successively at 48 ° C, 65 ° C and 82 ⁰ C, to curl around the woven yarn and cleave. This method may make it possible to give the fabric a silk-like appearance, but it would not be possible to give a pile carpet a closed, full appearance if, in particular, less thin yarns are to be used.

The invention is therefore based on the object of making composite yarn from two components lying side-by-side to produce existing pile carpets with an excellent appearance and good properties, even if a small number of thin threads are used.

The solution to this problem results from the characterizing part of claim 1.

It will only claim for the overall combination of those in! listed features protection claimed.

Further advantageous refinements emerge from the subclaims.

Special properties of the threads used according to the invention are that initially in The thread forms a spontaneous crimp, and that subsequent splitting of the two components he follows.

As used herein, the term "spontaneous ripple" means that the ripple persists the different shrinkage behavior of the two components developed when one by pair Eccentric spinning of the two components obtained with different shrinkage behavior stretched, the applied tension removed, and relaxation performed in air. For example are polyester and polyamide materials with different shrinkage behavior.

The term "splittability of the two components", as used here, means the property that the Can split thread in its longitudinally interconnected components. Basically it is known that a thread formed by spinning two components side by side in pairs due to the difference in shrinkage between the two components forms a crimp, with under

Taking advantage of the ability to crimp a stretchable (stretchable), voluminous thread can be created. However, this affects threads that consist of components be formed in mutual attraction, whereby the difference in shrinkage between the two components inevitably due to heating in the relaxed Condition applied and the crimp formed is fixed by heating. So far, however, that was The inventive concept of the formation of a spontaneous curl has not been considered.

Polyamide and polyester have no adhesiveness, and especially when, as with threads for carpets, If the fineness of the threads is very high, then composite threads made of these two components tend to Splitting in the non-drawn state or the drawing of such threads is difficult to carry out. According to the invention, however, it was found that by certain oil emulsions that occur during the spinning process applied, the adhesion is controllable, and threads with spontaneous crimpability can be produced, which can also be split into the two components in a simple manner.

In known carpets formed from synthetic threads, the static electricity is applied to an over person walking on the carpet and discharges as soon as the person touches a door handle. this leads to an electric shock or a feeling of discomfort, and the invention provides in this regard as well a major improvement. According to the invention is namely a pile carpet made of split composite thread created in which positively chargeable polyamide single threads and negatively chargeable polyester single threads in intricate ways are entangled with each other and hence the static positives created by friction and negative charges cancel each other out. The one produced by the method according to the invention Carpet therefore has a low electrifying power.

Below we ^r the details of the method according to the invention explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. It shows

1 and 2 cross-sectional views of composite threads,

3 and 4 are photographic copies of the surfaces of according to the method according to the invention manufactured tufted carpets and

F i g. 5 and 6 photographic images of the surfaces of cleavable, but not after Process according to the invention treated threads made of polyamide and polyester tufted carpets.

The polyamides useful for the present invention are: nylon-4, nylon-6, nylon-7, nylon-11, Nylon-12, nylon-66, nylon-610, polymethaxylylene adipamide, Polyparaxylylenedecanamide, polybiscyclohexylmethanedecanamide and essentially from these Copolymers formed by polymers.

As comonomers in the polyamide copolymers are mentioned: Lactam, such as caprolactam, Enanthlactam, laurolactam and the like, aminocarboxalic acid, such as aminocaprolic acid, Aminodecanoic acid, p-aminomethylbenzenic acid and the like, nylon salts of diamines such as Hexamethylene diamine, nonamethylene diamine, undecamethylene diamine, m-xylylene diamine, p-xalylene diamine and diethylenediamine (piperazine) with double basic acids, such as adipic acids, sebacic acid, Isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid and the like.

The polyesters are polyethylene terephthalate, Polytetramethylene terephthalate, Polyäthylenoxybenzoat, Poly-l / l-dimethylcyclohexan-Ierephthalat, Polypivalolactone and copolymers formed essentially from these polymers.

^r , As monomers in the polyesters are mentioned: lactones, such as pivalactone, e-caprolactone and the like, aliphatic diols, such as ethylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and the like,

in alicyclic diols, such as 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol and the like, aromatic Dicarboxylic acid, such as, for example, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, sodium sulfoisophthalate, naphthalene-dicarboxylic acid and the like, aliphatic

π dicarboxal acids, such as adipic acid, sebacic acid, 1,10-decanedicarboxylic acid, alicyclic dicarboxylic acids such as hexahydroterephthalic acid, hexahydroisophthalic acid and the same. If dicarboxylic acids or diols are copolymerized, the dicarboxylic acids must

jo and diols are copolymerized.

When using polyamide copolymers and polyester copolymers, the Copolymerization ratio, the adhesiveness of the two components is high, so that they through the

. »Τ heat treatment according to the invention difficult to split up and the mechanical properties of the resulting pile carpet are deteriorated. That Therefore, the copolymer ratio is preferably less than 15 mol% based on the main component.

jo The ratio of the two components according to the invention is great due to the following circumstances important.

One consideration is the spontaneous crimp when the thread relaxes in air. The by the invention too

The effect achieved depends on whether the thread has a has high spontaneous curling tendencies or not. Is the component ratio of polyamide to polyester above the range from 1: 3 to 3: 1, the Does not thread the desired spontaneous curling tendency

• do have, or do not have the inventive effect be achieved.

The percentage of spontaneous curling is desirably more than 40% when after is determined using the following procedure. At a percent

■ A rate of 60 to 95% gives a better result.

Determination of the percentage of spontaneous curl (Cs) is done as follows:

The length of the in air at a relative humidity of 65% and at a temperature of 25 ° C a

^r i (i hour under a load of 0.1 mg / the left thread should be Is and the length of the one minute under a load of 0.1 g / the thread left should be, then is

Ij - / χ

100 (%

wi It should be considered that the spontaneous Crimping due to the different elastic shrinkage of the polyamide and polyester components and that further a thread with a high percentage of spontaneous crimp means both

b ^r i components are satisfactorily interconnected.

Another important aspect for the component ratio is the problem of electrical

see behavior of the created pile carpet. As mentioned above, the tendency to electrification of the pile carpet according to the invention is very low, but it is possible in the case of a component ratio above the range from 1: 3 to 3: 1, the balance of the positive The charged polyamide and the negatively charged polyester are lost, or there is either a positive one or negative excess charge with the corresponding effect.

The component ratio is discussed in more detail below. Is the component ratio in the range from 1: 3 to 3: 1, the effect according to the invention can be achieved, but it is in terms of the durability of the pile carpet is desirable that the proportion of polyamide that of the Outperforms polyester. With a ratio of polyamide to polyester of 3: 1 to 1: 1 and in particular of 5: 2 up to 3: 2 is a pile carpet with good properties, since polyamide in terms of abrasion and Impact resistance surpasses polyester.

The composite filaments used in the invention are made up of two side-by-side components Threads according to FIG. 1, in which the two components are parallel to one another in the longitudinal direction of the thread are connected, and have shapes in cross section as shown in Fi g. 1 and 2 are shown. With regard The properties, particularly on the durability of the carpet, are the shapes in which the two Components forming triangles after splitting are preferred.

An essential aspect with regard to the production of the filaments is that the extruded filaments first with an oil emulsion containing little water and then with an oil emulsion containing a relatively large amount of water be applied.

Another important aspect is that the spontaneous crimps are fixed and the Composite threads are split into two components. This can only be done by improving the Adhesion of the two components to a required extent and by such control the adhesion can be achieved that the threads by a simple heat treatment in the two Components are split up. As previously mentioned, polyamide and polyester are essentially poor adhesion, so that the composite thread made of polyamide and polyester is difficult to manufacture on an industrial scale; the invention overcomes this difficulty by selecting the oil emulsions.

It is not completely clear why the application used in the method according to the invention the oil emulsions are found to be so effective, but an attempt is made below to explain this admit. It was found that the adhesion of the composite thread built up side by side made of polyamide and polyester highly due to the water content in the oil emulsion added during spinning being affected. Namely, if the water content in the oil emulsion is high, the two components split easily, while the reverse is difficult. This is because, in the undrawn state, the polyamide thread absorbs water and considerably swells, while the polyester thread absorbs essentially no water and therefore does not swell either. the Polymers spun in the melt state are close to an absolutely dry state, and if so If an oil emulsion with a high water content is applied to the solidified thread, the will appear Difference in the water-absorbing property and the swelling behavior of polyamide and polyester considerably. There is therefore a rapid and high degree of • divergence of the binding surface on both components created so that the thread easily splits into the two components.

On the other hand, when an oil emulsion containing little water is added, the above phenomenon occurs

κι not on, or the adhesion is improved. It is therefore understandable why this oil emulsion in the invention Method is used. The reason why the following applies a relatively large amount Water-containing oil emulsion is based on the

ι ·) the following points of view.

On the one hand, the fact that when the oil emulsion, which contains little water is applied on its own, it is wound up of the thread is difficult. If the undrawn, only acted upon with this oil emulsion thread on a

2i) The spool is wound up, the polyamide component absorbs it gradually the moisture in the air and swells, so that the winding is messed up and the It is impossible to pick up a large amount of thread. Generally speaking, it has a low water content

2> Oil emulsion has a low affinity for the two Components on. As a result, the drawn and wound thread tends to destroy the shape of the winding, and this circumstance occurs in particular when when the denier of the thread has a value of more

jo is more than 10 denier.

It is therefore necessary to remedy this disadvantageous circumstance by applying a relatively large amount of water containing oil emulsion to balance after the oil emulsion containing little water. Only by

r> Establishing the order of application of these oil emulsions in the manner described above, the production Allow polyamide and polyester threads to lie side by side. This is surprising and the The reason for this is not clear.

On the other hand, it was found that the sole application of the low water-containing oil emulsion the adhesion of the two components improved too much, so that the splitting of the thread into the two components in the following step

• Γ) sword becomes. Hence it is necessary to apply to make the oil emulsion in the manner according to the invention.

As the oil emulsion, a lubricating oil is generally used for example mineral oil or fatty acid esters, together

vi men with a surfactant and a Antistatic agent diluted with water or an organic solvent.

As used herein "low water oil emulsion" means that the oil emulsion has one

3 "> has a low water content, which is preferably se should be as low as possible. The process according to the invention can be used with a water content less than 15%, but preferably less than 10 ° / c carry out.

Wi The term »oil emulsion containing a relatively large amount of water« means that an oil emulsion is provided in which a lubricating oil is used together with a surfactant Agent and an antistatic agent is dissolved or emulsified in water. The water content is there

h> above 40%, with an oil emulsion with a r Water content of 50 to 90% is preferred.

Lubricating oils are to be understood as meaning: mineral oils fatty acid esters, such as methyl oleate, ethyl

palmitate, propyl palmitate, n-butyl palmitate, n-butyl stearate, Lauryl laurate, oleyl oleate, higher alcohols such as lauryl alcohol, oleyl alcohol.

The surfactants and the antistatic agents cannot be clearly identified, but they are anionic, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric surfactants can be used. As a surface agent (Emulsifiers) are nonionic active agents, such as polyoxyethylene castor oil ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, Polyoxyethylene trimethylol propane tristearate is preferred. As antistatic agents, anionic active agents such as Potassium polyoxyethylene lauryl sulphate, potassium polyoxyethylene oleyl phosphate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate, Sodium cetyl sulfonate and the like are used.

Aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene, xylene, halogenated hydrocarbons, such as Trichlorethylene, perchlorethylene, carbon tetrachloride, low-boiling petroleum fractions, such as Gasoline, light oil, kerosene, ligroin, etc. can be used.

The proportion of those deposited on the undrawn thread (excluding volatile components) Oil emulsions is 0.5-2.0% by weight for the low-water oil emulsion and 0.3-1.5% by weight for the oil emulsion, which contains a relatively large amount of water. The total amount of the oil emulsion is preferred 0.8-2.5% by weight.

The undrawn threads provided with the oil emulsions in the manner described above can be drawn by any method. In order to prevent the two components from splitting, a heated rod (surface: Atlas, diameter: 30-20 mm) or a heated roller is preferably used. The hot rolling process, in which the heat is sufficiently given off by wrapping it several times, is to be preferred. If the drawing temperature is too low, yarn breakage and splitting occurs, while if the drawing temperature is too high, the adhesion is improved too much. Preferably a temperature of 70-130 ⁰ C, especially 80-100 ⁰ C is used. The drawn thread may or may not be heat-set, but, as mentioned above, the difference in heat shrinkage between polyester and polyamide has a major influence on the appearance and properties of the pile carpet obtained. Thus, the heat setting must be done carefully. As a temperature range of 100 to 160 ⁰ C is preferred usually used. If the temperature is too high, the shrinkage of the fully fixed polyester will be low and the difference in shrinkage will be too great; such a temperature is therefore not required.

If, after splitting, the difference in length of the polyester thread caused by the difference in shrinkage and the polyamide thread is too small, the pile carpet obtained has a low bulk, while if the difference in length is too great, loose threads are formed on the carpet surface, as a result of which the appearance and properties are deteriorated. They also get caught up in performing of the first method according to the invention, the loose threads easily in guides, so that the tufting very is difficult.

In order to achieve a good quality of the pile carpet, it is important to carry out the following investigations to be carried out regarding the composite thread:

One such test is the measurement of the percentage of spontaneous curl previously described, with a percentage greater than 40% being desirable.

Another test concerns the split percentage of the

both components of the thread due to the hot water treatment and the difference in shrinkage

ίο the split polyamide and polyester threads this treatment.

These measurements are hereinafter referred to as "hot water treatment measurements" and carried out as follows:

Before the hot water treatment, a "composite thread" is used. Each by splitting into the thread obtained by the two components is hereinafter referred to as "split thread".

The hot water treatment measurement

10 composite filaments (the loop 1 m total length) grouped together in a loop, the loop and immersed in water at a temperature of less than 50 ⁰ C. Thereafter, the temperature of the water is increased in 30 minutes until the water is boiling, and the boiling is maintained for 10 minutes. The composite threads treated in this way are taken out of the water and dried in air in a chamber with a relative humidity of 65% and a temperature of 25 ° C. The gap percentage and the difference in shrinkage are then determined.

Gap percentage

The total number of "composite threads" and "split threads" is counted and is denoted by η in the following equation.

Split Percentage (%) =

100.

The percentage of splitting must be greater than 70%, with a percentage greater than 90% producing the best results creates.

Shrinkage difference

Each split thread is loaded with a load of 0.2 g / den and the length is determined. The maximal Let the thread length be / "and the minimum thread length be //> Then:

Shrinkage difference =

n / a

Iu

100.

A value of 2 to 12% is a smooth one

pile carpet (even) production, and the appearance and properties of the carpet are good.

At a value of 5 to 10%, even cheaper ones will be

Get results.

The following is an explanation of the

Fixing process of the spontaneous crimping or the splitting of the composite thread into the two Components given.

The method, wherein prior to formation of the pile carpet fixes the spontaneous crimps and the Verbundfä- ^r> is the split into the two components is as follows:

The composite threads obtained by the process described above are relaxed in air so that spontaneous crimps develop. Then they are compressed to a density of 150 to 380 g / l and immersed ^{in warm water at a temperature below 50 ° C. The temperature of the water is then increased to over 80 °} C. to fix the spontaneous crimping and to simultaneously split the π threads into the two components, whereby threads can be produced which are suitable for the production of the pile carpet.

To relax the composite thread in air or to develop spontaneous crimps, the thread removed from a bobbin is wound into a shape in which the thread can relax freely (this is referred to below as "relaxation pack"). The threads are arranged, for example, in strand form, sleeve form or knitted form. 2 ¹ S Of course, the relaxation pack is preferably provided with a cap that can be stretched to such an extent that the development of the spontaneous crimps is not hindered and the thread is supported for the following treatment steps. The relaxation pack is then placed in a vessel and heat-treated. In particular, the Entspannungspakkung described above is compressed to a density of 150-380 g / l, and the above-described Heißwasserbe- r, subjected to treatment. This process is explained below using an exemplary embodiment.

A large number of thread packages wound in the shape of a sleeve are introduced into a dyeing machine and a lid is placed on the packages, and the pressure described above is applied to this. Then water with a temperature of less than 50 ⁰ C is introduced into the dyeing machine, so that the packs are immersed in it. After that, the water temperature is raised to about 8O ⁰ C. In this case, the, r, rate of temperature rise is not particularly defined. This process fixes the spontaneous crimps, which will be described in more detail below.

Since the thread used in the invention has a high spontaneous crimping ability, if the thread is placed in a relaxation pack, the crimps will develop spontaneously. After that, the crimped thread in a vessel compressed to a high density of more than 150 g / l and to τ> Heat-treated fixation of the developed spontaneous crimps.

Thus, crimped threads can be obtained without performing a special crimping process.

When the hot water treatment, the starting <is, "temperature of the water less than 5O ⁰ C, while the temperature of the subsequent hot water treatment is above 8O ⁰ C. This hot water treatment splits the threads into the two components due to the specific properties of the threads. μ The phenomenon of the filaments splitting into the two components is very important; if the two components are not split by this hot water treatment, the curl shape before and after the heat treatment is changed by the difference in heat shrinkage between the two components.

If the hot water treatment is carried out at a density lower than 150 g / l, the threads are under Self-movement split into the two components, so that at the same time when the threads split up the Ripples disappear. The filling density must therefore be more than 150 g / l. In contrast, takes place at an extremely high filling density not only fixes the spontaneous crimping through the heat treatment, but also parts of the crimps are deformed, so that the threads obtained in the Crimps are uneven. An extremely high filling density of more than 380 g / l should therefore be avoided will. The bulk density is preferably in the range of 200 to 350 g / l in order to make the crimps satisfactory to fix and obtain uniform crimped threads.

In the hot water treatment of a complete splitting of the threads and a more satisfactory fixation of crimps are preferably used to achieve immersed the threads in water having a temperature door of less than 40 ⁰ C, and then the temperature is raised to over 90 ⁰ C. The latter temperature is maintained for more than 30 minutes.

The reason why the filaments are split into the two components by the hot water treatment is not entirely clear, but as mentioned above, the filaments to be used in the invention are precisely controlled in terms of the adhesiveness of the two components so that the filaments pass through let a simple heat treatment split into the two components. It has been found that can be split the threads is relatively difficult in case of direct immersion of the filaments in hot water at a temperature of about 80 ⁰ C, while preceded by immersing the filaments in water having a temperature of less than 50 ° C and subsequent temperature increase this process takes place without further ado. Presumably, this is because that the water penetrates at a temperature of less than 5O ⁰ C in the adhesive surface between the two components and an increase in temperature of the water, the molecular movement is so strong that the threads readily in the two components split by the hot water treatment .

However, if the threads are immersed directly in hot water with a temperature of over 80 ^° C., the crimps are fixed and the polymers forming the threads are thermally changed rather than the penetration of water between the two components, so that the two components split up Components is made more difficult.

The advantage that the threads split into the two components by the hot water treatment is due to the fact that the temperature condition of this treatment corresponds essentially to that as they are usually found in cleaning and dyeing.

Because the cleaning and dyeing is usually carried out at a temperature of less than 5O ⁰ C, after which the temperature of the solution is continuously increased to about 8O ⁰ C, the Heißwa.sserbehandlung may be replaced with the cleaning or the dyeing process according to the inventive method, so that without

a special heating process to obtain a pile carpet with good appearance and good properties can be.

The pile carpet produced by the method according to the invention also has a very low one electric charge, so that even when walking on the carpet the accumulation of electric charges occurs People is very low because the threads of the pile structure according to the invention are completely entangled.

F i g. 3 and 4 show photographs of the surfaces of manufactured according to the method according to the invention Pile carpets, from which it can be seen that the threads forming the pile are complicated with one another tangled and bulky.

F i g. 5 and 6 show photocopies of threads formed from cleavable threads consisting of polyester and polyamide Pile carpets that were not produced by the method according to the invention. With these carpets the direction of the threads forming the pile is uniform and the bulkiness is poor. With even In the direction of the threads, the threads with low shrinkability collect on the surface, see above that consequently such a carpet is unfavorable in terms of its electrostatic properties.

Since the pile carpet obtained by the method according to the invention from the two components There is polyamide and polyester with very different dyeability, can be easily means a dyeing device to produce a pleasing high-quality carpet in which two different-colored Threads are mixed together.

The invention proves to be particularly advantageous for the production of a pile carpet made of high threads Deniers is made. The denier of the threads for carpets is 10 to 50, preferably 20 to 40. The following Examples of the invention are given, but they are not intended to be limiting of the invention.

In the foregoing description and in the following working examples, the procedure is for the production of the pile carpet explained with reference to a tufting process, this only from For the sake of easier understanding, the invention is not limited thereto. For the Weaving processes, knitting processes and the like can also be used to manufacture the pile carpet will.

The shock resistance and the electrical charge voltage on a human person for the Pile carpets are determined in the following examples as follows.

Shock resistance
(Thickness Persistence Percentage%)

An impact member formed of a synthetic rubber with an impact area of 3 cm ² and a weight of 1 kg is repeatedly dropped on the pile carpet from a height of 10 cm for a certain time at a rate of 30 times per minute. The pile heights before and after the tests H " and Hi, respectively, are determined. Then cheat

der SlolJwidersland = .-- '

100.

The pile height is measured under a load of 20 g / cm ² .

The electrical charge voltage on a
human person

The test carpet is conditioned in terms of temperature and humidity in air with 2O ⁰ C and a relative humidity of 30% for more than 48 hours and then walked on by a person with more than 60 steps at a speed of 2 steps per second. Thereafter, the electrical i) charge voltage on the person is determined while this continues in the manner described above. The determined value changes as you walk, but an average value can be set.

example 1
(Preparing the threads)

Made of nylon-6 with an intrinsic viscosity of 1.14, measured at 30 ° C in m-cresol and made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.64, measured at 30 ° C in o-chlorophenol, were

! () prepare the composite thread as follows.

The molten nylon-6 and molten PET were separated into a spinneret kept at 280 ° C pumped in and connected in side-by-side relationship as shown in FIG. 2 and by a circular or cross-shaped

i ") shaped opening in the spinneret. The so undrawn threads obtained were cooled and wound up at a winding speed of 300 m / min, while various oil emulsions with different water content according to Table 1 means

■ κι two-stage oil application rollers were abandoned. Here, the speed of the applicator rollers was adjusted so that the amount of the undrawn thread adhering oil emulsion 0.5 to 1.5% by weight in the first oil application stage and 0.3 to 1.2% by weight in the second

• ti oil application level was. Those with such undrawn Results obtained from threads are shown in Table 2. From Table 2 it follows that with sole Task of the oil emulsion containing little water on the thread the operation was impossible.

The undrawn threads listed in Table 2 were then drawn by contact with a hot roller and a hot plate (length 400 mm) at various fixing temperatures in accordance with Table 3 in order to obtain drawn composite surfaces with 900 den in 30 individual cases. The draw ratio was 3.75 to 3.82 times. The drawing treatment was not carried out on the undrawn threads of Nos. 1, 2, 5, 6 and 8 in Table 2.
Table 3 shows the number of in this way

in the obtained, drawn threads, the number of undrawn threads, the temperature of the hot roller, the temperature of the heating plate, the spontaneous crimp percentage, the percentage of splitting and the difference in shrinkage in hot water treatment.

h ^r> From the results in Table 3 it can be seen that the stretching then can not perform satisfactorily if abandoned in other than the present invention, the oil emulsions.

13th 23 41 156 anti-
static 14th water Table 1 2.5 5 Oil emulsion
No. Art Lubricating oil Not-
ionic
surfaces
active agent 2.5 Kerosene 10 1 not watery 30th 17.5 3 45 14th 2 not watery 30th 17.5 2 40 23 3 not watery 25th 19th 2 39 32 4th different 20th 15th 2 40 45 5 different 18th 10 2 38 60 6th aqueous 18th 13th 2 22nd 81 7th aqueous 18th 13th 7th 8th aqueous 10 7th 0

Table 2

Undrawn
Thread no.

Cross-sectional shape

Component ratio (nylon-6: PET)

Oil emulsion number on the first roller

Oil emulsion winding

1 ;. at the operation

second roller

1 Fig. 1 1/1 1 no A. 2 Fig. 1 1/1 1 5 A. 3 Fig. 1 1/1 1 6th Well 4th Fig. 1 l / I 1 8th Well 5 Fig. 1 1/1 2 2 A. 6th Fig. 1 1/1 2 4th A. 7th Fig. 1 1/1 2 7th Well 8th Fig. 1 1/1 3 4th A. 9 Fig. 1 1/1 3 6th Well 10 Fig. 1 1/1 4th 7th Well 11 Fig. 1 1/1 7th no Well 12th Fig. 2 1/4 1 8th Well 13th Fig. 2 1/3 1 8th Well 14th Fig. 2 1/1 1 8th Well 15th Fig. 2 2/1 1 8th Well 16 Fig. 2 3/1 1 8th Well 17th Fig. 2 4/1 1 8th Well

A: Disturbed thread, impossible to take up on a bobbin.

Table 3

Stretched Uncompromising Temperature to percent Measurement at the Shrinkage Thread no. stretched Stretch fixation C more spontaneous Hot water treatment under Thread no. Ripple divorced Hot roller Hcißp'.atte percent 7th Splitting up 7th % % 6th 3-1 3 85 120 55 100 6th 4-1 4th 85 120 70 100 7-1 7th 85 120 58 100 9-1 9 85 120 57 100

16

continuation

Stretched untwisted thread no. Stretched Thread no.

Temperature for setting the stretch "C

HeiQplatte hot roller

percent

more spontaneous

Ripple

Measurement in hot water treatment

Percent split

Shrinkage difference

10-1
11-1

12-1
13-1
14-1
15-1
16-1
17-1
15-2

15-3
15-4

12th
13th
14th
15th
16
17th
15th

15th
15th

85 85

85 85 85 85 85 85 80

85 85

set up

The thread is split into the two components in the non-stretched state, one loose Thread formed; Stretching is impossible.

30 43 75 72 61 38 78

53 61

90

100

100

90

70

100

80 90

4 6

7 7 7 2

13 10

15-5
15-6

15th
15th

100

135

set up not
set up

66

59

80 60

Example 2

The drawn threads shown in Table 3 were wound up in the form of a sleeve (one kg of winding). Once this sleeve was relaxed in air, the thread shrunk and spontaneous pimples developed. The sleeves were l entered with a bulk density of 300 g / in a dyeing machine with a capacity of 301, and warm water at 5O ⁰ C filled therein. The temperature was then brought to 80 ° C. in 30 minutes. Thereafter the sleeves were heated for 30 minutes at 8O ⁰ C, cooled and taken out of the dyeing machine. This was followed by dehydration by a centrifuge and drying (at 115 ° C.) of the sleeves thus treated, so that crimped threads were obtained. The number of crimps per 1 inch of crimped thread was measured. The results are shown in Table 4. In this case, the curls were measured according to JIS-L-1074-1935.

Table 4 Stretched
thread Percent on
more spontaneous
Ripple
% number of
Krause
lungs Ruffled
thread 3-1
4-1
7-1 55
70
58 8.8
10.7
8.9 3-1
4-1
7-1

Curled thread

Drawn thread

Percent on

more spontaneous

Ripple

Number of crimps

9-1 12-1 13-1 14-1 15-1 16-1 17-1 15-2 15-3 15-4 15-5 15-6

9-1 12-1 13-1 14-1 15-1 16-1 17-1 15-2 15-3 15-4 15-5 15-6

57 30 43 75 72 61 38 78 53 61 66 59

8.9

4.6

7.9

11.0

10.5

10.1

5.1

11.3

8.4

9.8

10.3

9.2

From the results shown in Table 4, it follows that if the percentage of spontaneous curling exceeds 40%, it is good ho crimped threads are obtained.

example

Each drawn thread used in Example 2 was cleaned in a dyeing machine ti5 dyeing process according to the following recipe subjected, whereby attractively colored threads were obtained in which the PET component is yellow and the nylon 6 component was colored red.

The number of Ripples of the dyed Threads temperature conditions 5 lg / 1
lg / 1 3. Reduction cleaning 30 mi temperature conditions The bath temperature was each thread in an S direction in a carpet under Appearance, shock resistance observed 12.7 / 81 cm Nlr. relationship Appearance Shock resistance Electric (kV) corresponds essentially to that according to example 2. 2 g / l Sodium hydroxide grooves from 40 ° C to 80 ° C de within 30 Wed : and then Hooking the following conditions has been tufted. tension on a person / u, 4 / cm
5 mm Nylon-6: PET was standing Charge on 2.3 1: 100 ίο hydrosulfide increased and the grooves from 40 ° C to 98 ° C Gauge Carpet were and electric charge (%, 10000 times) of a person 1. Cleaning The bath temperature was activator increased and staining 3% per weight of the ^{2 ()} Florlänee
Cloth for one so received 1/1 1.9 de within For 60 minutes 3 g / l t and measured - the uniform, high 65 Cleaning bath 98 ° C. 1: 100 2% by weight of the 2 ^r > results are shown in Table 5. 1/1 Bulkiness 2.5 Soap content
calcined soda Cloth uniform, very high 71 lg / 1 l / l Bulkiness 2.1 lg / 1 Stretched component uniform, high 68 0.5 g / l Thread 1 1/1 Bulkiness 5.0 80 ° C, 20 minutes uniform, high 67 1/4 Bulkiness Sodium tripolyphosphate Reini-. The four dyed threads thus obtained were 3-1 uniform, slight 52 2.8 Bath ratio 20 min.> doubled, where Bulkiness, carrier Twisted through 60 T / M for a long time at 80 ° C 4-1 1/3 material can be seen 1.7 Temperature conditions guided. uniform, high 65 7-1 1/1 Bulkiness 1.9 uniform, very high 73 9-1 2/1 Bulkiness 2.5 uniform, very high 78 12-1 3/1 Bulkiness 4.8 uniform, very high 74 2. Coloring 4/1 Bulkiness 13-1 uniform, slight 56 1.5 Bulkiness, carrier 14-1 2/1 material can be seen 3.5 uniform, high 77 15-1 2/1 Bulkiness 2.6 certain unevenness in the 76 16-1 2/1 Pile, high bulk i, 9 Dispersed color (yellow) uniform, very high 79 carrier 17-1 2/1 Bulkiness 2.0 Bath ratio uniform, very high 78 Acid color (red) 2/1 Bulkiness 15-2 Bump in the fluorine 71 Tabel carpet 15-3 No. 15-4 3-1 15-5 4-1 15-6 7-1 9-1 12-1 13-1 14-1 15-1 16-1 17-1 15-2 15-3 154 15-5 15-6

The tufting went well with the exception of Case No. 15-3. With thread No. 15-3, the operation became frequent interrupted, because the dyed thread wound around the guide and needle, so that a new one Adjustment was necessary.

General! it can be said that an electric shock is due to the accumulated in a person static charge occurs when the electrical charge exceeds 3 kV. One made only of nylon Carpet has a value of over 10 kV, if the electrical charge on the human body after method according to the invention is measured. From the results according to Table 5 it is therefore clear that the electric charge of the carpet created according to the invention is extremely low in comparison with carpets made only of nylon. An electrical surge does not therefore take place.

On the other hand, carpets have Nos. 12-1 and 17-1 (outside the range according to the invention) has a lower electrical charge than that of nylon alone formed carpet, but this is not enough to suppress an electrical surge. About that in addition, these carpets are poor in appearance and impact resistance.

Example 4

The drawn thread No. 15-1 according to Example 1 was applied to that described in Example 2 in the form of a sleeve Way wound up and entered with a filling density according to Table 6 in a dyeing machine and then colored in essentially the same manner as described in Example 3. This became a Obtained dyed, crimped thread. The number of crimps of the crimped thread thus obtained is -i is also shown in Table 6.

Table 6

Crimped thread fill density
No.

(g / l)

Number of crimps

15-7 390 10.8 15-8 380 10.6 15-9 330 10.5 15-10 280 10.2 15-11 210 9.0 15-12 150 7.8 15-13 135 4.3

It follows from Table 6 that with a bulk density of less than 1 50 g / l the number of crimps is remarkably low, so that an apparent density of more than 150 g / l is necessary.

Thereafter, each of Nos. 15-7 to 15-13 crimped thread was made into a carpet similar to that in Example 3 tufted manner described. Appearance, shock resistance and electrical charge voltage in humans The body of the carpets thus obtained was observed or measured; the results are in Table 7 reproduced.

Table 7 Weed Filling density Appearance Shock-resistant Electric carpet less often was standing Charge on No. Thread no. one person (g / l) (%, 100 times) (kV) 15-7 390 noticeable stripes, 68 2.1 15-7 high bulkiness 15-8 380 uniform, high 70 2.3 15-8 Bulkiness 15-9 330 uniform, very high 75 1.9 15-9 Bulkiness 15-10 280 uniform, very high 78 1.8 15-10 Bulkiness 15-11 210 uniform, very high 76 2.0 15-11 Bulkiness 15-12 150 uniform, high 69 2.4 15-12 Bulkiness 15-13 135 low bulk, 59 3.3 15-13 The carrier material can be seen bad

If the filling density is above 380 g / l during the dyeing process, noticeable stripes appear on the carpet. This is a result of uneven coloring and curling, so that the appearance is bad. Good quality carpets were obtained in the density range from 150 to 380 g / l.

B e i s ρ i e 1 5

The drawn thread No. 15-1 according to Example 1 was using a circular knitting machine with a cylinder diameter of 8.9 cm and 40 needles into one tubular knitted fabric. The resulting tubular knitted fabric once shrank relaxed and developed a spontaneous ripple. Thereafter, the tubular knitted fabric with a from Table 8 to be found filling density entered into a dyeing machine and in the same way colored as in Example 3. It was then dried and knitted out, so that a dyed, crimped thread was present. The number of crimps on this thread are also in Table 8 reproduced.

2341 156 number of Table 8 Ripples Ruffled Thread filling density No. 11.8 (g / l) 11.7 15-14 390 11.9 15-16 380 8.2 15-17 300 4.6 15-18 150 15-19 135

From the results of Table 8 it follows that in the case of a carpet corresponding to the filling density of less than 150 g / l in Example 3, the number of tufted methods mentioned. Their appearance, shock resistance ripples becomes considerably small, so that one
Fill density of more than 150 g / l is necessary.

The crimped threads No. 15-14 to 15-19 became into stood and the electric charge voltage on a human body was observed and measured; the results are shown in Table 9.

Table 9 Weed Filling density Appearance Shock resistance Electric carpet less often was standing Charge on No. Thread no. one person (g / l) (%, 100 times) (kV) 15-14 390 remarkable stripes, 65 2.5 15-14 high bulkiness 15-16 380 uniform, high 71 2.3 15-16 Bulkiness 15-17 300 uniform, very high 75 1.9 15-17 Bulkiness 15-18 150 uniform, high 68 2.1 15-18 Bulkiness 15-19 135 low bulk, 53 3.2 15-19 The carrier material can be seen bad

If the filling density exceeds a value of 380 g / l during coloring, noticeable stripes appear the carpet thus created, which is a result of uneven coloring and puckering, and des furthermore the appearance was bad. A filling density in the range from 150 to 380 g / l was good Carpets achieved.

Comparative example 1

The drawn thread No. 15-1 according to Example 1 was on a perforated spool (made of stainless steel) with a diameter of 100 mm (lkg turn) wound up and colored according to the conditions of Example 3 with the exception that the Dye solution was entered through holes in the perforated coil. The thread dyed in this way was 2.6 Ripples.

The dyed thread was placed in a carpet according to the procedure of Example 3 tufted. However, the backing material could be seen because the threads making up the pile were uniform were aligned. Furthermore, the bulkiness and appearance were poor.

In order to improve the surface cover

sern and to make the carrier material invisible, it is necessary to use multiple threads of five threads in the Tufting carpet.

F i g. Fig. 5 shows a photographic copy of the surface of the thus obtained, not that of the invention The method of the following carpet, while the photographic exposure according to FIG. 3 the surface of carpet no. 15-1 according to Example 3, which was produced according to the invention. When comparing the Both carpets have sufficient threads forming the pile in the carpet according to the invention (FIG. 3) Crimps and tangles while the carpet of FIG. Has 5 threads that are uniformly aligned and not satisfactorily tangled.

The impact resistance and the electrical charge voltage of the example used in this comparison shown carpet (which is formed from multiple threads of five threads) were 58% or 4.9 kV and lower therefore considerably less favorable than the carpet according to the invention.

It follows from this result that unless the threads are treated in a relaxation pack in which they are freely shrinkable, a good quality carpet cannot be obtained.

23 24

. brought and at this value of 95 ° C for 30 minutes

Comparative Example 2 held. The thread was then cooled,

The thread No. 15-1 according to Example 1 was taken in the form of its removal from the dyeing machine

a sleeve according to example 2 wound. The dewatering by a centrifuge and a drying,

Sleeves were placed in a dyeing machine and> so that there was a crimped thread. This frizz-

However, this thread which then led to the formation of the spontaneous crimps was not essential to the two

poured hot water. After entering the hot components split and showed a considerable

Water became the temperature in the dyeing machine before the curl unevenness.
reduced to 70 ⁰ C and then to 95 ° C in 15 minutes

For this purpose 3 sheets of drawings

Claims (8)

Patent claims: 1. A method for the production of pile carpets from composite threads of two components lying side by side, characterized in that the threads are produced by spinning a polyamide and a polyester in a ratio of 1: 3 to 3: 1, then first with an oil emulsion less than 15% water and then an oil emulsion with more than 40% water is applied to the threads, that the threads treated in this way are wound onto a bobbin, then unwound again and left in the relaxed state to form spontaneous crimps, that the crimped threads are then compressed to a density of 150 to 380 g / l and immersed in water at a temperature of less than 50 ° C, and that then the temperature to fix the spontaneous crimps and to split the threads into the two components at the same time of the water is increased to over 8O ⁰ C, and then finally from the threads pretreated in this way, the flo r carpet is made by tufting. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the component ratio of Polyamide to polyester is 5: 3 to 5: 2 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the provided with crimps jo Threads are compressed to a density of 200 to 350 g / l. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the hot water treatment is carried out in a cleaning or rinsing and a dyeing process λ. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the crimped threads ^{are immersed in water with a temperature of less than 40 0} C and the temperature of the water is increased to over w 90 ° C and this temperature is maintained for more than 30 minutes. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that to form the less than 15% Water-containing oil emulsion, a lubricating oil together with a surface active agent and an antistatic agent is diluted with water or an organic solvent. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the formation of more than 40% water w containing oil emulsion a lubricating oil together with a surface active agent and a Antistatic is emulsified in water. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount ^r , ^r deposited on the thread of less than 15% water-containing oil emulsion 0.5 to 2.0 wt .-% and more than 40% water-containing oil emulsion 0 , 3 to 1.5% by weight, and the total amount of the oil emulsions is 0.8 to 2.5% by weight. bu