DE2341156C3 - Method of making pile carpets - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing pile carpets according to the preamble of Claim 1.

According to this known from DE-OS 16 60 178

In this process, the crimped threads are processed into staple fiber yarns and then tufed

When using uncrimped and also conventionally crimped threads, for example se according to the stuffing box method, false twisting method or the like, the carrier material (the base fabric) could be seen between the pile elements. This causes the carpet to look poor. To avoid this, tufting had to be made more densely.

ίο However, this has the disadvantage that the The amount of tufted threads is very large and therefore high costs are incurred. They also turn out to be such manufactured carpets are hard and are difficult to walk on

is from US-PS 3117 906 it is known a certain percentage, for example 37% or 50% polyamide and 63% or 50% polyester to one To spin composite thread. The thread is then drawn and wound onto a spool According to another example, the stretched thread dipped in hot water to form a crimp in the relaxed state treated thread is then vifwebt into a silk-like taffeta fabric. This fabric is in an oil-containing Solution and then the solution is brought successively at 48 ⁰ C, 65 ° C and 82 ° C, to curl around the woven yarn and cleave. This process may make it possible to give the fabric a silk-like appearance, but it would be not possible to create a closed, to give a full appearance, especially if not very thin yarns are to be used.

Therefore, the invention is based on the object of composite thread from two side-by-side com existing pile carpets with excellent system appearance and good properties, even if a small number of thin threads is used. The solution to this problem arises from the characterizing part of claim 1.

Protection is only claimed for the overall combination of the features listed in claim 1 Further advantageous refinements result from the subclaims.

Special properties of the threads used according to the invention are that initially in The thread forms a spontaneous crimp and that subsequent splitting of the two components he follows

As used herein, the term "spontaneous ripple" means that the ripple persists the different shrinkage behavior of the two components when one is paired Eccentric spinning of the two components obtained with different shrinkage behavior stretched, the applied tension removed, and relaxation performed in air. For example are polyester and polyamide materials with under different shrinkage behavior.

The term »splittability of the two components«, as used here, the property means that the Allows thread to split into its longitudinally interconnected components. Basically it is known that a thread formed by spinning two components side by side in pairs due to the differences in shrinkage between the two Components forming a ripple being underneath

Exploiting the ability to crimp a stretchable (stretchable), voluminous thread can be created can. However, this affects threads that consist of components are formed with mutual attraction, the difference in shrinkage between the two components inevitably due to heating in the relaxed Condition applied and the crimp formed is fixed by heating. So far, however, that was The inventive concept of the formation of a spontaneous curl has not been considered. ι ο

Polyamide and polyester have no adhesiveness, and especially when, as with threads for carpets, If the fineness of the threads is very high, then composite threads made of these two components tend to Splitting in the non-drawn state or the drawing of such threads is difficult to carry out. According to the invention, however, it has been found that certain oil emulsions which are applied during the spinning process can control the adhesion is, and threads with spontaneous crimping ability can be produced, which also in a simple manner in the two components can be split.

In known, formed from synthetic threads In carpets, static electricity is transferred to a person walking on the carpet and discharged as soon as the person touches a door handle This leads to an electric shock or a feeling of discomfort, and the invention provides in this regard as well a major improvement. According to the invention a pile carpet is created from split composite threads in which positively chargeable polyamide single threads and negatively chargeable polyester single threads in intricate ways are entangled with each other and hence the static positives created by friction and negative charges cancel each other out. The carpet produced by the process according to the invention therefore has a low electrifying power.

Details of the method according to the invention are given below with reference to the drawing explained it show

F i g. 1 and 2 cross-sectional views of composite threads,

3 and 4 are photographic copies of the surfaces of turtling carpets produced by the process according to the invention and

Fig. 5 and 6 photographic copies of the Surfaces of threads that can be split but not treated by the method according to the invention Polyamide and polyester made tufted carpets.

The polyamides useful for the present invention are: NyIon-4, Nylon-6, Nylon-7, Nylon-11, Nylon-12, nylon-66, nylon-610, polymethaxylylene adipamide, polyparaxylylene decanamide, polybiscyelohexylmethanedecanamide and essentially of these Copolymers formed by polymers.

As comonomers in the polyamide copolymers are mentioned: Lactam, such as caprolactam, Enanthlactam, laurolactam and the like, aminocarboxalic acid such as aminocaprolic acid, t> o Aminodecanolic acid, p-aminomethylbenzenic acid and the like, nylon salts of diamines, such as hexamethylenediamine, nonamethylenediamine, undecamethylenediamine, m-xyrylenediamine, p-xalylenediamine and diethylenediamine (piperazine) with double basic acids, such as adipic acids, sebacic acid, Isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid and the like.

The polyesters are polyethylene-te-

rephthalate, polytetramethylene terephthalate, polyethylene oxybenzoate, poly-1,4-dimethylcyclohexane terephthalate, polypivalolactone and essentially of these Copolymers formed by polymers.

The following may be mentioned as monomers in the polyesters: Lactones, such as, for example, pivalactone, ε-caprolactone and the like, aliphatic diols such as Ethylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, Diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and the like, alicyclic diols such as 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol and the like, aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, sodium sulfoisophthalate, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and the like, aliphatic Dicarboxylic acids, such as adipic acid, sebacic acid, 1,10-decanedicarboxylic acid, alicyclic dicarboxylic acids, such as hexahydroterephthalic acid, hexahydroisophthalic acid and the like. Are dicarboxylic acids or Diols (»polymerized, so must the dicarboxaic acids and diols (»are polymerized.

When using polyamide copolymers and If the copolymerization ratio is too high, polyester copolymers will reduce the adhesive strength of the both components high, so that they are difficult to split by the heat treatment according to the invention, and the mechanical properties of the obtained pile carpet are deteriorated. The copolymer ratio is therefore preferably less than 15 mol% based on the main component.

The ratio of the two components according to the invention is large due to the following circumstances important.

One aspect is the spontaneous crimp when the thread relaxes in air The effect achieved depends on whether the thread has a high spontaneous tendency to curl or not the component ratio of polyamide to polyester above the range from 1: 3 to 3: 1, so the The yarn does not have the desired spontaneous curling tendency or the effect according to the invention be achieved.

The percentage of spontaneous curling is desirably more than 40% when after is determined using the following procedure. A percentage of 60 to 95% will give a better result

The determination of the percentage of spontaneous curling (Cs) is carried out as follows:

The length of the thread left in air at a relative humidity of 65% and at a temperature of 25 ° C for one hour under a load of 0.1 mg / the thread should be Is and the length of the thread for one minute under a load of 0.1 g / the left thread should be / ^, then is

C _s =

A- 100 (%).

It is considered that the spontaneous crimp due to the different elastic Shrinkage of the polyamide and polyester components is generated, and that also a thread with high spontaneous curl percentage means that both components are satisfactorily bonded together.

Another important aspect for the component ratio is the problem of electrical

see behavior of the created pile carpet. As mentioned above, the tendency to electrification of the pile carpet according to the invention is very low, but it is possible with a component ratio above the range from 1: 3 to 3: 1, the balance of the positive The charged polyamide and the negatively charged polyester are lost, or there is either a positive one or negative excess charge with the corresponding effect.

The component ratio is discussed in more detail below. If the component ratio is in the range from 1: 3 to 3: 1, the Effect according to the invention can be achieved, but it is in terms of the durability of the pile carpet it is desirable that the proportion of polyamide exceeds that of the polyester at a ratio of polyamide to polyester from 3: 1 to 1: 1 and in particular from 5 .2 up to 3: 2 is a pile carpet with good properties, since polyamide in terms of abrasion and Impact resistance surpasses polyester

The composite filaments used in the invention are made up of two side-by-side components Threads according to FIG. 1, in which the two components are parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction of the thread are connected, and have shapes in cross section as shown in Figs. With regard The properties, particularly on the durability of the carpet, are the shapes in which the two Components forming triangles after splitting are preferred.

An essential aspect with regard to the production of the filaments is that the extruded filaments first with an oil emulsion containing little water and then with an oil emulsion containing a relatively large amount of water be applied.

Another essential aspect is that the spontaneous crimps are fixed and the composite threads split into two components will. This can only be done by improving the adhesion of the two components up to one required degree and can be achieved by such a control of the adhesion that the threads can be split into the two components by a simple heat treatment. As previously mentioned, polyamide and polyester are essentially poor adhesion, so that the composite thread made of polyamide and polyester is difficult to manufacture on an industrial scale; the invention overcomes this difficulty by selecting the oil emulsions.

It is not fully understood why this was the case Application of the oil emulsions used in the process of the invention proves to be so effective however, an attempt is made below to provide an explanation for this. It was found that the liability of Side by side built-up composite thread made of polyamide and polyester highly due to the water content in the oil emulsion added during spinning being affected. If the water content in the oil emulsion is high, the two components can easily be split up while this is in the Conversely, this is associated with difficulties because in the undrawn state of the Polyamide thread soaks up water and swells considerably while polyester thread essentially swells does not absorb water and therefore does not swell. The polymers that are spun in the melt state are located close to an absolutely dry state, and if an oil emulsion with a high water content on the solidified thread is abandoned, the appears Difference in the water-absorbing property and the swelling behavior of polyamide and polyester considerably. It therefore becomes rapidly and profoundly one

^r > Divergence of the binding surface created on both components, so that the thread easily splits into the two components

On the other hand, when an oil emulsion containing little water is added, the above phenomenon occurs

to not open, or the adhesion is improved understandable why this oil emulsion is used in the process according to the invention. The reason, which is why an oil emulsion containing a relatively large amount of water is subsequently applied based on the following points of view.

On the one hand in the fact that at aüc: nige; r, application of the The unstretched oil emulsion containing little water makes it difficult to wind the thread with this oil emulsion applied thread on a When the coil is wound, the polyamide component gradually absorbs the moisture in the air and swells, so that the winding is mixed up and it is impossible to take up a large amount of thread Generally speaking, it has a low water content

oil emulsion has a low affinity for the two components. As a result, the drawn one tends and wound thread to destroy the winding shape, this circumstance occurring particularly then when the denier of the thread has a value of more than 10 denier

It is therefore necessary to remedy this disadvantageous circumstance by applying a relatively large amount of water containing oil emulsion to balance after the oil emulsion containing little water. Only by

Determining the order of application of these oil emulsions in in the manner described above, the production of side-by-side threads made of polyamide and Polyester enable. This is surprising and the The reason for this is not clear.

On the other hand, it was found that the sole application of the low water-containing oil emulsion the adhesion of the two components improves too much so that the splitting of the thread into the both components in the following step sword becomes. Hence it is necessary to apply to make the oil emulsion in the manner according to the invention.

A lubricating oil is generally used as an oil emulsion, for example mineral oil or fatty acid esters, together

jo men with a surfactant and a Antistatic agent diluted with water or an organic solvent

The term "low water-containing oil emulsion" as used herein means that the oil emulsion has one has a low water content, which should preferably be as low as possible. The inventive Process can be carried out with a water content of less than 15%, but preferably less than 10% carry out.

The term »oil emulsion containing a relatively large amount of water« means that an oil emulsion is provided, in which a lubricating oil is dissolved in water along with a surface active agent and an antistatic agent or emulsified. The water content is there

above 40%, an oil emulsion with a water content of 50 to 90% being preferred

Lubricating oils are to be understood as meaning: mineral oils, fatty acid esters, such as methyl oleate, ethyl

palmitate, propyl palmitate, n-butyl palmitate, n-butyl stearate, lauryl laurate, oleyl oleate, higher alcohols, such as Lauryl alcohol, oleyl alcohol.

The surface-active agents and the antistatic agents cannot be clearly identified, but are anionic, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric surfactants can be used. Ais surface center! (Emulsifiers) are nonionic active agents, such as For example, polyoxyethylene castor oil ether, polyoxyethylene oleylethylene, polyoxyethylene trimethylolpropane tristearate to be preferred. Used as antistatic agents preferably anionic active agents such as potassium polyoxyethylene lauryl sulphate, potassium polyoxyethylene oleyl phosphate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate. Sodium cetyl sulfonate and the like are used.

Aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, Xylene, halogenated hydrocarbons such as trichlorethylene, perchlorethylene, carbon tetrachloride, low-boiling petroleum fractions such as gasoline, light oil, kerosene, ligroin, etc. be used.

The proportion of those deposited on the undrawn thread (excluding volatile components) Oil emulsions is 0.5-2.0% by weight for the low-water oil emulsion and 03-1.5% by weight for the oil emulsion, which contains a relatively large amount of water. The total amount of the oil emulsion is preferred 0.8-2.5% by weight.

The undrawn threads provided with the olemulsions in the manner described above can be drawn by any process. In order to prevent the two components from splitting, a heated rod (surface: Atlas, diameter: 30-20 mm) or a heated roller is preferably used. The hot rolling process, in which the heat is given off sufficiently by wrapping it around several times, is to be preferred. If the drawing temperature is too low, yarn breakage and splitting occurs, while if the drawing temperature is too high, the adhesion is improved too much. Preferably, a temperature of 70-130 ⁰ C, especially 80-100 ° C The used heat-setting of the stretched yarn can be carried out or not, however, affect, as mentioned above, the difference in thermal shrinkage between the polyester and polyamide highly appearance and the properties of the preserved pile carpet. Thus, the heat setting must be carried out carefully. A temperature range of 100-160 ° C. is usually preferably used. If the temperature is too high, the shrinkage of the fully set polyester becomes small and the difference in shrinkage becomes too great; such a temperature is therefore not required.

If, after splitting, the difference in length between the polyester thread and the polyamide thread caused by the difference in shrinkage is too small, then it is indicated the pile carpet obtained has a slight bulk, while loose threads if the difference in length is too great may be formed on the carpet surface, thereby deteriorating the appearance and properties will. In addition, when the first method according to the invention is carried out, the loose threads easily in guides, making the tufting very good is difficult

To achieve a good quality pile carpet

it is important if the following investigations are carried out on the composite threads:

One such test is the measurement of the percentage of spontaneous curl previously described, with a percentage greater than 40% being desirable

Another test concerns the split percentage of the two components of the thread due to the Hot water treatment and the difference in shrinkage of the split polyamide and polyester threads this treatment.

These measurements are hereinafter referred to as "hot water treatment measurements" and as follows carried out:

Before the hot water treatment, a "composite thread" is used, each one by splitting into the thread obtained by the two components is hereinafter referred to as "split thread".

The hot water treatment measurement

10 composite threads are combined in a loop (total length of the loop 1 m), and the Loop immersed in water with a temperature of less than 50 ° C. After that, the temperature of the Increase water to boiling point in 30 minutes and keep boiling for 10 minutes. the so treated composite threads are taken out of the water and in air in a chamber with a relative humidity of 65% and a temperature of 25 ° C. The split percentage and the Differences in shrinkage are then determined

Gap percentage

The total number of "composite threads" and "split threads" is counted and is denoted by η in the following equation

Split Percentage (%) = 100.

The percentage of splitting must be greater than 70%, with a percentage greater than 90% producing the best results creates

Shrinkage difference

Each split thread is loaded with a load of 0.2 g / den and the length is determined.The maximum thread length is /, and the minimum thread length is Ib- Then:

Shrinkage diflerence =

100.

A value of 2 to 12% is a smooth one

(even) pile carpet production before, and that

The appearance and properties of the carpet are good At a value of 5 to 10%, even cheaper ones will be Get results. The following is an explanation of the

Fixing process of the spontaneous crimping or the splitting of the composite thread into the two Components given.

The process by which the pile carpet is formed the spontaneous crimps are fixed and the composite threads are split into the two components, is as follows:

The composite threads obtained by the process described above are relaxed in air, so that spontaneous crimps develop. They are then compressed to a density of 150 to 380 g / i and ^{immersed in warm water at a temperature below 50 °} C. The temperature of the water is then used to fix the spontaneous crimping and to simultaneously split the threads into the two components on the upper toilet increased, whereby threads can be produced which are suitable for the production of the pile carpet.

To relax the composite thread in air or to Developing the spontaneous crimps, the thread taken from a bobbin becomes a shape twisted, in which the thread can relax freely (this is hereinafter referred to as the "relaxation pack" designated). The threads are arranged, for example, in strand form, sleeve form or knitted form Of course, the relaxation pack is preferably used to such an extent stretchable cap provided that the development of the spont3 < -v.il crimps are not hindered, and the thread is supported for the following treatment stages. Thereafter, the relaxation pack is in A vessel is placed and heat-treated. In particular, the relaxation pack described above is compressed to a density of 150 to 380 g / l and subjected to the hot water treatment described above. This process is described below explained using an exemplary embodiment

A plurality of thread packages wound in the shape of a sleeve are introduced into a dyeing machine and a lid is placed on the packages, and on this gave up the pressure described above. Then water with a temperature less than Entered 50 ° C in the dyeing machine so that the packs are immersed in it. After that, the water temperature is increased to over 80 ° C. In this case, the The rate of temperature increase is not particularly defined Fixed spontaneous crimps, which is described in more detail below.

Since the thread used in the invention has high spontaneous crimping ability, if the thread is placed in a relaxation pack, the crimps develop spontaneously crimped thread in a vessel to a high density of more than 150 g / l and compressed to Heat-treated fixation of the developed spontaneous crimps

Thus, crimped threads can be obtained without performing a special crimping process.

In the case of hot water treatment, the initial temperature of the water is less than 50 ° Q during the The temperature of the subsequent hot water treatment is above 80 ° C due to this hot water treatment the threads split into the two components due to the specific property of the threads. The phenomenon of the filaments splitting into the two components is very important; if the two Components not through this hot water treatment are split, the curl shape will be in front of and changed after the heat treatment by the Wärmeschi umpfuntersehied between the two components

"> If the hot water treatment is carried out at a density lower than 150 g / l, the threads are under Self-movement split into the two components, so that at the same time when the threads split up the Ripples disappear. Thus the filling density must

ίο be more than 150 g / l. In contrast, takes place at an extremely high filling density not only fixes the spontaneous crimping through the heat treatment, but also parts of the crimps are deformed, so that the threads obtained in the Crimps are uneven. Therefore a extremely high filling density of more than 380 g / l can be avoided. The filling density is preferably in the range from 200 to 350 g / l in order to satisfactorily set the crimps and make uniform crimped threads obtain.

In the case of hot water treatment, the Threads and a more satisfactory fixation of the crimps the threads in water with a tempera door of less than 40 ° C and then the

Temperature increased to over 90 ° C last, "i \ ^ peratur

will over a time. in more than 30 minutes maintained.

The reason why "* the threads through the hot water

treatment to be split into the two components is not entirely clear, but will be as before mentioned, the threads to be used in the invention in terms of the adhesiveness of the two components precisely controlled so that the threads through a let simple heat treatment split into the two components. It was found that when the threads are immersed directly in hot water at a temperature of over 80 ^° C., the threads are relatively difficult to split, while at preceded by immersing the filaments in water is at a temperature of less than 50 ⁰ C and subsequent temperature increase, this operation readily occurs Presumably this is because the water at a temperature of less than 50 ⁰ C penetrates into the adhesive surface between the two components and when the temperature of the water increases, the Molecular movement is so strong that the threads easily separate into the two components through the Split hot water treatment.

however, if the threads are immersed directly in hot water at a temperature of over 80 ^° C., the crimps are fixed and the polymers forming the threads are thermally changed rather than the water penetrating between the two Components so that splitting into the two Components is made more difficult.

The advantage that the threads are split into the two components by the hot water treatment is that the temperature condition this treatment essentially corresponds to that which is usually used in cleaning and dyeing are present.

Since the cleaning and dyeing usually takes place at a temperature of less than 50 ⁰ C, after which the Temperature of the solution continuously to over 80 ° C is increased, the hot water treatment can be replaced by the cleaning or dyeing process according to the method according to the invention, so that without

a special heating process using a pile carpet good appearance and properties can be obtained.

The pile carpet produced by the method according to the invention also has a very low one electric charge, so that even when walking on the carpet the accumulation of electric charges occurs People is very low because the threads of the inventive pile structure are completely entangled.

F i g. 3 and 4 show photographs of the surfaces of pile carpets produced by the process according to the invention, from which it can be seen that the threads forming the pile! ;; - implied with each other are involved .nivi a high Bausclrgkcit is available.

F ι ? * ■ - · ν < 6 show the emergence of pile carpets formed from cleavable threads, consisting of polyester and polyamide, which were never produced by the method according to the invention. In these carpets, the direction of the threads forming the pile is uniform and the bulkiness is poor. If the direction of the threads is uniform, the threads with low shrinkability collect on the surface, so that such a carpet is consequently unfavorable in terms of its electrostatic properties

Since the pile carpet obtained by the method according to the invention from the two components There is polyamide and polyester with very different dyeability, can be easily means a dyeing device to produce a pleasing high-quality carpet in which two different-colored Threads are mixed together.

The invention proves particularly advantageous for the manufacture of a pile carpet composed of high denier threads The denier of threads for carpets is 10 to 50, preferably 20 to 40. Examples of the invention are given below, however not intended to be a limitation of the invention.

In the foregoing description and in the following working examples, the procedure is for the production of the pile carpet explained with reference to a tufting process, this only from For the sake of easier understanding, however, the invention is not limited thereto Weaving processes, knitting processes and the like can also be used in the manufacture of the Rort carpet will.

The shock resistance and the electrical charge voltage on a human person for the Pile carpets are determined in the following examples as follows

Shock resistance (Thickness Persistence Percentage%)

An impact member formed of a synthetic rubber with an impact area of 3 cm ² and a weight of 1 kg is repeatedly dropped on the pile carpet from a height of 10 cm for a certain time at a rate of 30 times per minute. The pile heights before and after the experiment H _a and Hb are determined. Then amounts to

The height of the pile is measured under a load of 20 g / cm ² .

The electrical charge voltage on a human person

The test carpet is temperature and humidity in air with 20 ° C and a relative Moisture of 30% conditioned more than 48 hours and thereafter by a person with more than 60 Steps taken at a speed of 2 steps per second. Then wr \ i the electrical The charge voltage on the person is determined while this continues in the manner described above The determined value changes with walking, but an average value can be determined.

example 1 (Preparing the threads)

the shock resistance = ^ -

100.

Of nylon 6 having an intrinsic viscosity of 1.14, measured at 30 ⁰ C in m-cresol and made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.64, measured at 30 ⁰ C in o-chlorophenol were various dene composite threads prepared as follows

The molten nylon-6 and molten PET were separated into a spinneret kept at 280 ° C pumped in and in side-by-side relationship as shown in FIG. 2 and connected by a circular or cross-conveying

mige opening in the spinneret extruded the so The undrawn threads obtained were cooled and wound up at a winding speed of 300 m / min, while various oil emulsions with different water contents according to Table 1 by means of

■ «ο two-stage oil application rollers have been abandoned. Here, the speed of the applicator rollers was adjusted so that the amount of the undrawn thread adhering oil emulsion 0.5 to 13 wt .-% in the first oil application stage and 03 to 1.2% by weight in the second

oil application level was. The results obtained with such undrawn threads are shown in Table 2 reproduced. From Table 2 it follows that when only the low water-containing oil emulsion is applied on the thread the operation was impossible.

so The undrawn filaments listed in Table 2 were then subjected to contact with a hot roller and a hot plate (length 400 mm) stretched at different fixing temperatures according to Table 3 to stretched composite surfaces with 900 den with 30 individual threads to get the. The draw ratio was 3.75 bis 3.82 times. The stretching treatment was not in the undrawn threads of nos. 1, 2, 5, 6 and 8 of the table 2 made.

Table 3 shows the number of in this way

obtained, drawn threads, the number of undrawn filaments, the temperature of the hot roll, the temperature of the heating plate, the spontaneous crimp percentage, the split percentage and the Difference in shrinkage in hot water treatment.

It can be seen from the results in Table 3 that the stretching is then unsatisfactory can be done if the oil emulsions are abandoned in a manner other than that according to the invention.

S. Table 1 13th 23 41 156 not anti- surfaces 2.5 relationship No. at the 1 roller 14th in the percent Measurement at water Shrinkage Oil emulsion ionic active agent 2.5 (Nylon-6: PET) first 1 second roller more spontaneous under No. Art 17.5 3 1/1 1 Kerosene no divorced Lubricating oil 17.5 2 1/1 1 5 % 7th 19th 2 1/1 2 6th 5 7th 1 static 15th 2 1/1 2 % 8th Ripple 10 6th 2 not watery % 10 2 1/1 2 45 2 14th 6th 3 not watery 30th 13th 2 1/1 3 40 4th 23 4th not watery 30th 13th 1/1 3 39 7th % 32 5 different 25th 7th Cross-sectional shape of component oil emulsion 1/1 4th 40 4th 55 45 6th different 20th 1/1 7th 38 6th 70 60 7th aqueous 18th 1/1 1 22nd 7th 58 81 8th aqueous 18th Fig. 1 1/1 1 7th 57 Table 2 aqueous 18th Fig. 1 1/4 1 0 Wrap Uncompromising 10 Fig. 1 1/3 1 operation stretched Fig. 1 1/1 1 Oil emulsion Thread no. Fig. 2/1 1 No. A. 1 Fig. 3/1 A. 2 Fig. 4/1 Well 3 Fig. Fadens, recording Well 4th Fig. A. 5 Fig. Temperature to no A. 6th Stretch fixation "C 8th Well 7th 8th A. 8th 8th Well 9 8th Well 10 8th Well 11th 8th Well 12th Fig. 1 impossible on a reel Well 13th Fig. 2 Well 14th Fig. 2 Well 15th Fig. 2 Well 16 Fig. 2 Well 17th Fig. 2 Hot roller hot plate A: malfunction Fig. 2 Table 3 of the sinuous the Stretched 85 120 Hot water treatment Thread no. r unconditional 85 120 stretched 85 120 percent Thread no. 85 120 Splitting up % 100 3-1 100 4-1 3 100 7-1 4th 100 9-1 7th 9

16

continuation

Stretched untwisted thread no. Stretched Thread no.

Temperature to Stretch fixation "C

Hot roller hot plate

percent

more spontaneous

Ripple

Measurement in hot water treatment

Percent shrinkage

Splitting difference

10-1
11-1

12-1
13-1
14-1
15-1
16-1
17-1
15-2

15-3
15-4

10
11

12th
13th
14th
15th
16
17th
15th

15th
15th

85
85

85
85
85
85
85
85
80

85
85

The thread is split into the two components in the non-stretched state, one loose Thread formed; Stretching is impossible.

set up

30 43 75 72 61 38 78

53 61

80

90

100

100

90

70

100

90

4 6 7 7 7 2

13 10

15-5
15-6

15th
15th

100
135

not
set up

66

59

80 6ö

Example 2

3 reproduced

stretched

The one in table
Threads were wound up in the form of a sleeve (one kg of twist). As soon as this sleeve was relaxed in air, the thread shrunk and spontaneous crimps developed. The sleeves were placed in a dyeing machine with a capacity of 301 at a filling density of 300 g / l, and warm water of 50 ° C. was filled therein. The temperature was then brought ^{to 80 ° C. in 30 minutes.} The sleeves were then heated at 80 ° C for 30 minutes, cooled and taken out of the dyeing machine. This was followed by dehydration using a centrifuge and drying (at 115 ^° C.) of the sleeves treated in this way, so that crimped threads were obtained. The number of crimps per 1 inch of crimped thread was measured. The results are shown in Table 4. In this case, the curls were measured according to JIS-L-1074-1935.

Table 4

Ruffled thread

Stretched thread

Percent on

more spontaneous

Ripple

number of
Ripples

3-1
4-1
7-1

55
70
58

8.8

10.7

8.9

Ruffled Vcrslbackcr Percent on number of thread thread more spontaneous Krause Ripple lungs 9-1 9- 57 8.9 12-1 12- 30th 4.6 13-1 13- 43 7.9 14-1 14- 75 11.0 15-1 15- 72 10.5 16-1 1β- 61 10.1 17-1 17- 38 5.1 15-2 78 11.3 15-3 53 8.4 15-4 61 9.8 15-5 66 10.3 15-6 59 9.2 15-2 15-3 15-4 15-5 iS-6

From the results shown in Table 4, it follows that if the percentage of spontaneous curling exceeds 40%, it is good crimped threads are obtained.

example

Each drawn thread used in Example 2 was cleaned in a dyeing machine Subjected to the dyeing process according to the following recipe, so that attractively dyed threads in which the PET component was colored yellow and the nylon 6 component was colored red.

17th 23 41 156 18th Threads temperature conditions 5 lg / 1
lg / l >
3. Reduction cleaning 30 mi temperature conditions The bath temperature was each thread in an S direction in a tinier carpet Appearance, shock resistance ι observed 12.7 / 81 cm relationship Appearance Shock resistance Electric corresponds essentially to that according to example 2. 2 g / l Sodium hydroxide grooves from 40 ⁰ C to 80 "C de within 30 Wed and then Compliance with the following conditions was tufted. tension on a person ι 20.4 / cm
5 mm Nylon-6: PHT was standing Charge on The number of 1: 100 ίο hydrosulfide increased and the grooves from 40 ⁰ C to 98 ° C Gauge Carpet were ind electric charge (%, 10000 times) one person Ripples of the dyed 1. Cleaning The bath temperature was activator process 20 increased and staining 3% per weight of the - "'SSi _n -
Turhpc for one received in this way l / l (kV) Cleaning bath
Soap content
calcined soda de within th long at 80 ^° C For 60 minutes
98 ° C. 1UCIICo
3 tbsp and measured - the uniform, high 65 2.3 guided lg / 1 J g / l 2% by weight of the. »> Results are shown in Table 5. l / l Bulkiness lg / 1 1: 100 Cloth uniform, very high 71 1.9 0.5 g / l 1/1 Bulkiness Sodium tripolyphosphate 80 ° C, 20 minutes Stretched component uniform, high 68 2.5 Bath ratio Thread no 1/1 Bulkiness Reini- The four dyed threads thus obtained were uniform, high 67 2.1 Temperature conditions Minu- r> doubled, where 1/4 Bulkiness twisted through 60 T / M! 3-1 uniform, slight 52 5.0 Bulkiness, carrier 4-1 1/3 material can be seen uniform, high 65 2.8 7-1 1/1 Bulkiness uniform, very high 73 1.7 2 sires 9-1 2/1 Bulkiness uniform, very high 78 1.9 12-1 3/1 Bulkiness uniform, very high 74 2.5 4/1 Bulkiness 13-1 uniform, slight 56 4.8 Bulkiness, carrier 14-1 2/1 material can be seen Dispersed color (yellow) uniform, high 77 1.5 carrier 15-1 2/1 Bulkiness certain unevenness in the 76 3.5 Bath ratio 16-1 2/1 Pile, high bulk Acid color (red) uniform, very high 79 2.6 17-1 2/1 Bulkiness Tabel uniform, very high 78 1.9 carpet 2/1 Bulkiness No. 15-2 Bump in the fluorine 71 2.0 15-3 3-1 15-4 4-1 15-5 7-1 15-6 12-1 13-1 14-1 15-1 16-1 17-1 I 15-2 15-3 I'm- ⁴ [S 15-5 I: I '5-6

The tufting proceeded except for Case No. 15-3 good The operation of thread no.! 5-3 was frequently interrupted because the dyed thread was around the The guide and needle turned around so that readjustment was necessary.

In general it can be said that an electric Shock due to the static charge accumulated in a person then takes place when the electrical Charge exceeds 3 kV A carpet made entirely of nylon has a value greater than 10 kV when the electrical charge is measured on the human body by the method according to the invention. From the Results according to Table 5 therefore make it clear that the electrical charge of the carpet created according to the invention is extremely low in comparison with carpets made only of nylon. An electrical surge does not therefore take place

On the other hand, carpets have Nos. 12-1 and 17-1 (outside the range according to the invention) has a lower electrical charge than that of nylon alone formed carpet, but this is not enough to suppress an electrical surge. About that in addition, these carpets are poor in appearance and impact resistance.

Example 4

The drawn thread No. 15-1 according to Example 1 was wound in the form of a sleeve in the manner described in Example 2 and with a filling density according to Table 6 entered into a dyeing machine and then colored in essentially the same way as this in Example 3 has been described. A colored, crimped thread was thereby obtained. The number of The crimps of the crimped thread thus obtained are also shown in Table 6.

Table 6 Filling density number of Curled thread Ripples No. (g / l) 390 10.8 15-7 380 10.6 15-8 330 10.5 15-9 280 10.2 15-10 210 9.0 15-11 150 7.8 15-12 135 4.3 15-13

It follows from Table 6 that when the bulk density is less than 150 g / l, the number of crimps is remarkably low, so that a filling density of more than 150 g / l is necessary.

Thereafter, each of Nos. 15-7 to 15-13 crimped thread was made into a carpet similar to that in Example 3 The appearance, impact resistance and electrical charge voltage on the human body of the carpets thus obtained were tufted observed or measured; the results are shown in Table 7.

Table 7 Weed Filling density Appearance Shock resistance Electric carpet less often was standing Charge on No. Thread no. one person (g / l) (%, 100 times) (kV) 15-7 390 noticeable stripes, 68 2.1 15-7 high bulkiness 15-8 J80 uniform, high 70 2.3 15-8 Bulkiness 15-9 330 uniform, very high 75 1.9 15-9 Bulkiness 15-10 280 uniform, very high 78 1.8 15-10 Bulkiness 15-11 210 uniform, very high 76 2.0 15-11 Bulkiness 15-12 150 uniform, high 69 2.4 15-12 Bulkiness 15-13 135 low bulk, 59 3.3 15-13 The carrier material can be seen bad

If the filling density is above 380 g / l during the dyeing process, noticeable stripes appear on the carpet. This is a result of uneven coloring and curling, so that the appearance is poor. Good quality carpets were obtained in the fill density range of 150 to 380 g / l.

Example 5

The drawn thread No. 15-1 according to Example 1 was using a circular knitting machine with a cylinder diameter of 8.9 cm and 40 needles into one tubular knitted fabric The resulting tubular knitted fabric once shrunk relaxed and developed a spontaneous ripple. Thereafter, the tubular knitted fabric with a from Table 8 to be found filling density entered into a dyeing machine and in the same way Colored as 1. according to Example 3. It was then dried and knitted out, so that a dyed, crimped thread was present. The number of crimps on this thread are also in Table 8 reproduced.

23 41 156 Number of Table 8 Ripples Ruffled l ^; adcn FüMdichtc No. 11.8 (g / l) 11.7 15-14 390 11.9 15-16 380 8.2 15-17 300 4.6 15-18 150 PeDoich entSDri 15-19 135 Belle 8 follows, that with a r> cine.n 1

Filling density of less than 150 g / l, the number of crimps becomes considerably small, so that a filling density of more than 150 g / l is necessary.
The crimped threads Nos. 15-14 to 15-19 were tufted in the above manner. Its appearance, impact resistance and electric charge voltage on a human body were observed and measured, and the results are shown in Table 9.

Table 9 Weed Filling density Appearance Shock resistance Electric carpet less often was standing Charge on No. Thread no. one person (g / l) (%, 100 times) (kV) 15-14 390 remarkable stripes, 65 2.5 15-14 high bulkiness 15-16 380 uniform, high 71 2.3 15-16 Bulkiness 15-17 300 uniform, very high 75 1.9 15-17 Bulkiness 15-18 150 uniform, high 68 2.1 15-18 Bulkiness 15-19 135 low bulk, 53 3.2 15-19 The carrier material can be seen bad

If the filling density exceeds a value of 380 g / l during coloring, noticeable stripes appear the carpet thus created, which is a result of uneven coloring and puckering, and des furthermore the appearance was bad. A filling density in the range from 150 to 380 g / l was good Carpets achieved.

Comparative example 1

The drawn thread No. 15-1 according to Example 1 was on a perforated spool (made of stainless steel) with a diameter of 100 mm (lkg winding) and adjusted according to the conditions Example 3 colored with the exception that the coloring solution was dyed through bores in the perforated coil was entered. The thread thus dyed had 2.6 crimps.

The dyed thread was put into a carpet according to the procedure of Example 3 The backing material could be seen, however, as the threads making up the pile were uniform were aligned. Furthermore, the bulkiness and appearance were poor

In order to improve the surface covering properties and to make the carrier material invisible, it is necessary to tuft multiple threads of five threads into the carpet.

F i g. Fig. 5 shows a photographic copy of the surface of the thus obtained, not that of the invention The method of the following carpet, while the photographic exposure according to FIG. 3 the surface of carpet no. 15-1 according to Example 3, which was produced according to the invention. When comparing the Both carpets have sufficient threads forming the pile in the carpet according to the invention (FIG. 3) Crimps and are entangled with each other, while the carpet according to Fig. 5 has threads that are uniformly oriented and not entangled satisfactorily.

The surge resistance and the electric charge voltage in this comparative example shown carpet (which is formed from multiple threads of five threads) were 58% and 4.9 kV and lie therefore considerably less favorable than the carpet according to the invention.

From this result it follows that if the threads fail are treated in a relaxation pack in which they are wrapped in a freely shrinkable manner Good quality carpet cannot be preserved.

Comparative * example?

The thread no. 15-1 according to example 1 was wound up in the form of a sleeve according to example 2. The sleeves were placed in a dyeing machine and hot water was poured into it to form the spontaneous crimps. After entering the hot water, the temperature in the dyeing machine was increased to 70 ^; C and then to 95 ° C in 15 minutes

brought to this value of 95 ° C for 30 minutes held. The thread was then cooled and removed from the dyeing machine Dewater by a centrifuge and drying so that there was a crimped thread. This curl! However, the thread was not substantially split into the two components and showed a considerable amount Unevenness of crimp.

For this purpose 3 sheets of drawings

Claims (8)

Patent claims: 1. A process for the production of pile carpets from composite thread from two components lying side by side, characterized in that the threads are produced by spinning a polyamide and a polyester in a ratio of 1: 3 to 3: 1, then first using an oil emulsion less than 15% water and then an oil emulsion with more than 40% water is applied to the threads, that the threads treated in this way are wound onto a bobbin, then unwound again and left in the relaxed state to form spontaneous crimps, that the crimped threads are then compressed to a density of 150 to 380 g / 1 and immersed in water at a temperature of less than 50 ° C, and that then to fix the spontaneous Krausejungen and to split the threads at the same time fn the two components the temperature of the water is increased to over 8O ⁰ C, and then finally from the threads pretreated in this way, the flo r carpet is made by tufting. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the component ratio of Polyamide to polyester is 5: 3 to 5: 2 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the provided with crimps threads to a density of 200 to 350 g / l £ üäairu ~ iicngeuf uCkt wcfucii. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the hot water treatment in one fceinigungs- or rinsing and a dyeing process is carried out. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the crimped threads in water with Be submerged at a temperature less than 40 ° C and the temperature of the water at about # Raise 0 ° C and maintain this temperature for more than 30 minutes. 6. The method according spoke 1, characterized in that to form the less than 15% Water-containing oil emulsion a lubricating oil together with a surface active agent and (an antistatic agent is diluted with water or an organic solvent. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the formation of more than 40% water containing oil emulsion a lubricating oil together with a surface active agent and a Antistatic is emulsified in water. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount deposited on the thread Oil emulsion containing less than 15% water is 0.5 to 2.0% by weight and more than 40% water The oil emulsion contained is 03 to 1.5% by weight, and the total amount of the oil emulsions is 0.8 to 2.5% by weight