DE2316988C3 - Device for the automatic casting of melts - Google Patents

Description

way be a mold, the system for molds Substitution to be decommissioned MUF also ie S "ser Konstruktmn there is the disadvantage that in a broke at the casting station and at eint'rn Un d.chtwerden e, _r ne mold the entire transport - star for The rigid fastening of the molds to the circulating chain ultimately has the disadvantage that the speed of rotation is the same for all molds in every phase of the cycle, so that there may be a large number of molds must be attached to the chain in order to make the process economical.In addition, molds attached in such a way can only be filled from above, and such a system cannot be used for the rising cast

The invention has at its object to avoid these disadvantages and to improve a device of the kind mentioned so that in a small footprint and high operational reliability, rapid and safe transport of the molds and easy replaceable same ^gewährle: is stet the apparatus for both faller Ie _n and for bottom casting soli be used the oF INVENTION dung this object is achieved essentially by the fact -5 that each casting mold by at least one arm is carried by a pallet, said arm from the pallet projects and all these pallets are equal to each other and Interchangeable units form which are guided through the guides at least in the region of the casting station with arms protruding from the guides and all of these pallets can be removed from the guides at at least one point in the circuit. In this way, a device is created which requires little space and can be expanded in a simple manner, for example by lengthening the guides formed by the rails running straight. Furthermore, any desired arrangement of the stations is possible with the device according to the invention, but the arrangement in a row is most favorable for reasons of minimal space requirement. Since each casting mold is carried by a pallet and all pallets are identical to one another, the casting molds can be exchanged in a simple manner, even if they have different dimensions for the production of differently sized castings. The exchange of the pallets with the casting molds is possible without the device having to be switched off, so that continuous production of the castings to be produced is always guaranteed. In addition, there is better protection of the device against the heat developed in particular at the casting station, since each pallet shields the components of the device located behind it against the heat radiation emanating from the casting nozzle or casting unit. Since the casting molds are supported on arms carried by the pallets which protrude from the path of movement of the transport device, the hot casting molds are held at a distance from the transport device, so that the latter is protected. It can be moved sideways over the pouring nozzle, especially when the pouring is rising, making the pouring template easier to construct. Diei is important in systems with an expansion tank for the melt, which is preferably at least partially arranged in a storage tank and there is rinsed by melt, because in such systems, the ü. B. in the Austrian patent 285 840 and in the German Offenlegungsscbrift 2142 717 beuchriebei, the melt is always kept liquid in the pouring nozzle mouth. The arrangement of the casting mold ai the arms carried by the pallet only creates the necessary spacing, since the transport device ii can run past the casting template at a distance corresponding to the length of the arms. This is also favorable in the event that the casting template suffers a breakthrough or is leaking, since damaging the transport device is less likely to occur the further away it is from the casting nozzle.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, each pallet is plate-shaped and, preferably ai two opposite edges of the plate, with rollers running on the guides provided, so that the friction when moving the pallets in the guides is very low unc therefore only low transport forces. for the along dei Guides sliding pallets are necessary. These pallets can therefore possibly even from Hanc from being moved on. Preferably, however, there is an intermittent acting at the end of the row of pallets Drive provided that pushes the row of pallets in front of it.

According to the invention, the guides formed only by straight rails for the Return of the pallet above the guides formed only by straight rails for the advance of the Pallet arranged, and there are a lifting device for the transfer of the pallets from the forward to the return at the end of the feed and for the transfer of the pallets from the return to the feed a lowering device is provided at the end of the return. Such a construction is compact and Saves space and avoids diversions in the transport path for the pallets. Furthermore, a simple Accessibility of the drives for the pallets in the forward and reverse is made possible.

The lifting and lowering devices for the pallets can, according to the invention, be on turnstiles arranged guide sections be formed, so that there is always a guide into which the next pallet can move in. It is also advantageous if there is a mold changing station at the end of the preliminary run is provided, which is formed by an additional turnstile, the guides for inclusion the new as well as the pallet to be replaced. This can be a simple changeover the production to a different type of mold without disturbing the working cycle of the invention Device are made.

According to an advantageous further development of the invention, the guides for the return of the pallets guide them with a horizontal plate plane, whereas the guides for the entire advance guide the pallets with a vertical plate plane. This makes it possible to simply tilt the pallets, e.g. B. by means of the turnstiles, possible to bring the pallets from the level occupied in the advance to the level occupied in the return. This also makes it possible to arrange working stations along the return path of the pallet, which work stations act from above on the pallets or on the casting molds attached to them. After all, the leadership is the

5 6

Pallets along the return line with a horizontal one must only be taken into account that the casting temperature

The plate level is more space-saving than with a vertical platform and the ferrostatic height in the

ten level. Guiding the casting used casting template 8

At the casting station, the guides for the (Fig.3) cannot be changed from casting to casting

Pallets can be lowered, for this purpose a drive 5, and therefore for all molds 2 of a series of castings

for example a hydraulic unit, must be provided. Furthermore, the cycle time must also be included

hen is. As a result, a grinding movement of the which the casting molds 2 on the casting template 8 is

Casting mold at the individual stations, especially when moving, are kept constant, i.e.,

on the pouring nozzle mouth, and thereby a decrease in the solidification times of the individual castings

Damage to the pouring nozzle avoided. must be similar to each other, as well as the cooling

In addition, the mold with that pressure can times for the molds of these castings, etc.

be placed on the pouring nozzle, which ensures a safe movement of the pallets along the path of the

Sealing between the casting mold and the casting nozzle, the transport device 1 has these drives.

leaves. The lifting of the mold from the casting nozzle. B.

expediently takes place vertically, so that possibly 15 chain conveyors, individual drives for the pallets,

liquid material from the casting mold directly into which it only moves from one station to the other.

the pouring nozzle drips and thereby promotes contamination, push rod drives etc. especially

However, it is advantageous if the transport device 1

Fende material is largely avoided. in the area of their advance at the inlet end

Further features and advantages of the embodiment ao of the same has a hydraulic unit 9, welder invention emerge from the description of the pallet 7 step by step past the stations of an embodiment of the invention E, G, A in the direction of arrow 10 (Fig. 1) , which is shown schematically in the drawing. For this purpose, each pallet is appropriately placed on it. rer back, a driver 11 on which

F i g. 1 shows the device according to the invention in a front view of the knee rod of the hydraulic unit 9 and engages, and that of one about an axis 11a

Fig. 2 shows a plan view of Fig. 1; pivotable pawl is formed, which at the front

F i g. 3 shows a section along the line IH-III pushing movement of the pallet 7 at a fixed on the pallet

the F i g. 1 and lette arranged connecting pin 11 b to the plant

4 shows a section along the line IV-IV of FIG.

Fi g. 1; The transport of the pallets along the return line

FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of one of the transport devices 1 being carried out appropriately

Embodiment of the adjustment device for loading through a chain conveyor 12, the chain of which is over

movement of the mold parts. Chain wheels 13, 14 is guided and the pallets 7

In the device according to the invention for auto- 35 with a compared to the speed of Vorlaumatic pouring of melts along the fes increased speed in the direction of the arrow path of a transport device 1 several stations 15 are arranged on the top of the transport device 1 planes on which the individual Gußfor - move away. For this purpose, this chain conveyor 12 is subjected to various work processes through men2, for example molds, a motor 14α attached to the frame4 via a gene. So is a core insertion gear with the respectively desired speed E, at which the cores are driven into the casting unit. The opposite to the pre-run, a casting station G, in which the casting speed increased return speed is carried out, and an ejection station A, in which the favorable, otherwise the number of finished casting required in the circuit is ejected from the mold, pallets 7 unnecessarily increased would,
intended. These stations E, G and A are arranged along 45 to transfer the pallets from the flow to the a straight line one behind the other, and reverse or be from the return to the flow of the molds Z from the Transportvorrich- transport means 1 are at the ends of Vorttingl the lifting and lowering devices 16 and 17 running past one after the other clocks at these stations. The Tiansportvorriehtangl has a frame 3 for the pallet 7. Each of these lifting or on, which has two end frames, each of which 50 lowering devices 16, 17 is formed by a turnstile2 carrier rotatable on one of two vertical carriers and a horizontal horizontal axis 18 (Fig. 4) These two frames 4 are formed with 19, which at the ends of its arms are connected to each other dnreh pairs of rails 5, 6, which have nmgsabschnitte 20, which in their training form guides for the molds 2 and the de- and arrangement of the rails 5 and 6 correspond to that Pair of rails 5 on top of one another at the front 55 This means that there is always a guide section on the side of the transport device 1, the pair of rails 6 into which the next pallet 7 can move next to one another at the top of the trans-pushing movement when it is in front. Each of these rotary port device 1 are arranged. In addition, crosses 19 can be provided by means of a motor 21 and a stiffening (not shown) for the frame 3, transmission 22 and a worm 23 to one another. Since the pair of rails 5 forms the guide ίο step-by-step revolving movement in the direction of the Pfei tion for the advance of the transport device, where 24 (Fig. 4) for the lifting device 16 or against the pair of rails 6, the guides of the reverse Direction for the lowering device Γ runs. Tabular ones are driven in these guides. The worm 23 acts on a worm pallet 7 (FIG. 1.5), with each pallet kenrad 25, with the shaft 18 of which the arms of the rotary are assigned a casting mold, which are connected by the pallet cross 19. The shaft 18 is in one will wear. All pallets 7 are identical to one another, the block 26 is stored.

However, molds 2 can differ from one another. The pallet cycle is therefore the following

to be When using different molds At the beginning of the cycle, the range is in de

Lowering device 17 in the swiveled up position (see Fig. 1 right). After the feed of the guided in the vertically arranged pairs of rails 5 pallets 7 has taken place by means of the hydraulic unit 9, the turnstile 19 of the lowering device 17 is rotated so that the pallet located in the lowering device 17 is brought into a position in which it is with the in the rails 5 guided pallets are in alignment. The finishing of the casting mold 2 carried by this pallet, in particular a chill mold (ie the injection of this casting mold or chill mold with a graphite solution to prevent the casting from sticking to the mold parts), can take place while the pallet 7 is swiveled up, or else only in the pivoted position of the same. After the first feed step, the core or cores are inserted into the casting mold 2 at station E and then the casting mold is closed. So far, the parting plane of the two parts 27, 28 of the ao casting mold 2 was in a horizontal plane in order to facilitate the core insertion. In the area of the next advancing step of the pallet 7, the pallet is rotated by 90 ° so that the parting plane of its mold parts 27, 28 lies vertically. In this »5 position, the casting takes place in the casting station G after the next feed step.

After the casting process has been carried out, the pallet 7 in question is pushed further step by step and arrives at a cooling station W, in which the casting is allowed to cool down. This cooling station W is connected upstream of the ejection station A , but the finished castings can also be ejected in the station W , in particular in the case of small castings. In the ejection station A , the two halves 27, 28 of the casting mold 2 are opened. Downstream of the ejection station A is a spraying station 5, in which a cooling liquid, in particular water, is sprayed from high pressure nozzles onto the opened casting mold halves 27, 28, so that intensive cooling of the same occurs. For this purpose there is provided at this station .S a liftable by means of a hydraulic unit 29 and lowerable Kühlflüssigkeitsdüse 30, which is raised in the station S after the retraction of the pallet 7 so that the nozzle 30 is located between the two mold halves 27 28th Control devices known per se can be provided which only release the inflow of the cooling liquid when the nozzle 30 is located between the casting mold halves 27, 28. In order to prevent the cooling liquid from washing over the neighboring components of the device, a protective plate 31 is provided, which can be raised and lowered by means of a hydraulic unit 32. After the pallet 7 has moved into the station S and before the cooling liquid supply to the nozzle 30 is switched on, the protective plate 31 is lowered and raised again after the cooling liquid supply has ended. Subsequently, the mold parts 27, 28 are ^{pivoted again by 90 r} , so that these mold parts lie one above the other again (this position is shown in FIG. 1 with dashed lines). During the following cycle, the pallet 7 is pushed into the lifting device 16 formed by the turnstile 19, by means of which the pallet is lifted to the upper pair of rails 6. The chain of the chain conveyor 12 running over the sprockets 13, 14 now takes the pallet 7 in the direction of the arrow 15 by means of drivers 33, which are formed by extensions of individual bolts of the chain and come to rest against stops 33 α of the pallets 7. The attacks

33 a are formed by similar to the drivers 11 designed pivotable pawls that come to rest on the journals 33 b mounted in the pallet 7. As a result, the pallet 7 is brought back into a position above the lowering device 17 arranged at the beginning of the row of stations. There, the pallet is pushed into the guides 20 of the turnstile 19 of the lowering device 17, whereupon the lowering device 17 is pivoted through 90 ° and thereby brings the pallet back into the plane of the rails of the pair of rails 5 arranged vertically one above the other. The circuit is now closed, and the pallet is pushed back into the core loading station E during the next cycle of the hydraulic unit 9.

On the way along the return of the transport device 1 (movement in the direction of arrow 15) the mold 2 located on the respective pallet 7 can also be treated, for which a carriage 34 is provided which, for. B. by means of a carrier, with the pallet? is coupled and runs a specified distance with this. After this route has been traversed, the coupling is automatically released, whereupon a weight 35 pulls the carriage 34 back into its starting position, which is defined by a stop 34 α located on the frame 3. For this purpose, the weight is 35 with the car

34 connected by means of a wire rope 37 which is guided over a roller 36 mounted on the frame 3. At the Carriage 34 can carry tools, e.g. B. rotating brushes 38 may be provided which are rotated by means of a motor and through which the mold 2 is cleaned. In addition, 34 cooling nozzles can be installed on the car be mounted, through which an additional cooling of the mold can take place. Furthermore, the Carriages 34 also carry nozzles for applying the sizing compound to the mold parts.

Furthermore, a pallet exchange station T is provided, which connects to the lifting device 16. It is used to replace one pallet with another. This can e.g. B. be necessary when a mold has to be reworked or stronger, z. B. by means of a sandblast, must be cleaned or if the machine is to be switched to a different product (different molds) or if damage occurs to the mechanical components of the pallet 7. For this purpose, the new pallet 7 'to be used is held in a vertical position in a pallet trolley 40. For this purpose, the carriage 4C has horizontally extending guides 41 into which the pallet? ' is retractable. Another turnstile 42 is arranged in the pallet exchange station T, there; in a manner analogous to the turnstile 19 (Figure 4) dei lifting or lowering device 16 and 17 is ausgebil det and at the ends of its arms guides 4; which correspond in design and arrangement to the guides 5, 6 and the guides 20 so that on the one hand the pallet can be easily transferred from these guides to the guides 20 of the lifting device Ii or vice versa and that on the other hand an easy transfer of the pallet "from the pallet trolley 40 to the turnstile 42 is possible or vice versa. If a pallet change is now desired, the pallet is moved to the pallet exchange station Γ by means of the trolley 40

tion Γ is then rotated so that the pallet T in

t Z _Pt ? ^nCM 7 ^te \ V inien ^ ⁿ f ^{recorded lag «arrives in the pallet exchange stauon} , in which it is ready to be changed

ϊο H η T ^the ψ * ™ ** ^{43 ίη the} guides 20 of the turnstile of the lifting device 16 can be pushed. At the same time, the pallet attached from the lead can be placed in the vertical guides 20

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The release of the melt stream
Do you need to carry out the casting? öSh
Plug closure 50 by respective K supply of the hydraulic Aggregates51 whereby dl melt under the Ehifluß their own GewkhS from the reservoir 47 in de "^ aSciSSu ™ 4f and from this through the GieMüsc 45Mr. Dfe mold 2 flows ^ ieuause 4V in the uuu

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In FIG. 3, the casting template used to carry out the casting process is shown. This casting template 8 has a furnace 44 which has a melt space 45 for preparing the to be cast Has melt. From this space 45 a channel 46 leads into an anteroom 47 in which the Melt accumulated on a voir-determined level will. This storage space 47 is followed by a balancing room 48, in which I jfeSchSebSl can calm the flow, so that the melt is essentially free of eddies under the influence of its own weight flows into the upwardly directed pouring nozzle 49. At the transition point from storage room 47 A plug closure 50 is seated in the compensation chamber 48, which by means of a hydraulic unit 51 is controllable. Another hydraulic unit 52 is used to control a further stopper closure 53, which is arranged at the transition point from the melt space 45 to the channel «16 and through the opening or closing of which keeps the melt at a predetermined level in the storage space 47 which determines the pressure acting on the melt.

At the casting station G , the pallet 7, together with the rails guiding it, can be lowered. For this purpose, the section of the rails 5 assigned to the casting station G is designed as a rail piece S 'separated from the other parts of these rails, the two rail pieces 5' lying one above the other being fastened to a frame 54 which is fastened to the piston rod 55 of a hydraulic unit 56 and can be raised by actuating the same This makes it possible to move the casting mold 2 laterally at a distance above the upper edge 57 of the casting nozzle towards the casting nozzle 49. When the casting mold 2 lies above the casting nozzle 49, the frame 54 is lowered by appropriate actuation of the hydraulic unit 56, so that the casting mold 2 comes to rest against the casting nozzle 49. After the casting mold 2 has been filled, it is not raised in the vertical direction by appropriate actuation of the hydraulic unit 56. Any liquid melt material that drips off the casting mold2 drips back into the pouring nozzle mouth so that contamination of the area around the pouring nozzle is largely avoided. Only when the pallet 7 has been raised again to the level of the remaining pallet in the forerunner of the transport device 1 does the next one take place.
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be set. In this case there is either the possibility of two of the mold parts facing one another b2 <t. to move away from each other in the manner described and to fix the other mold parts rigidly to the pallet 7 or the turntable 62 of the same, or an adjusting device can be provided for each of the mold parts so that all the mold parts to a common center to or from

are movable this way. Which of the mentioned variants is the more advantageous depends on the species of the respective casting.

In the present context, the term “pallet” refers to an exchangeable support structure or support frame understood, on which a load (in the present case the mold) are applied and attached to it can.

1 sheet of drawings

Claims (7)

formed by an additional turnstile (42) pnt "", Q "c" p .. ". "Is to expand the guides (43) to accommodate the new claims: ^ def; seinden pallet (7) 7 ') ailf. knows 1. Device for automatic potting 5 8, device according to one of claims l from melts, in particular metal melts, to 7, characterized in that at the casting area the the melt at least two molds station (G) the guides (5 ') for the pallets is fed successively, each (7) can be lowered and that for this purpose a drive, Casting mold on a transport device in z. B. a hydraulic unit (56) is provided a closed cycle along Füh- io. Stanchions, in particular by rails, is slidably guided, along which circuit a casting station, at which each mold mil; Melt filled
is, and at least one further station are arranged at which the mold is emptied and 15
prepared for the next casting and, if necessary, provided with cores, the
Guided tours run past the individual stations, characterized in that each The invention relates to a VVtHc! device casting mold (2) medium., at least one arm (67, 20 for the automatic pouring of melts, especially 68) is carried by a pallet (7), the special metal melt, in which the melt protrudes from the pallet and all of these pallet - at least two casting molds consecutively supplied (7) will guide interchangeable units, each casting mold being formed on a transport which is guided by the guides at least in the device in a closed circuit along the area of the casting station (G) and from the guides are guided by guides, in particular rails, against protruding arms, and it is slidably guided along which circuit all these pallets (7) at at least one point casting station, at which each <* casting mold with melt of the circuit from the guides (5 , 6) is being filled, and at least one further station are acceptable, at which the mold is emptied and for 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the next cast is prepared and, if necessary, indicates that each pallet (7) is provided with cores in the form of a plate, the guides being on and, preferably, two different stations running past the individual stations,
overlying edges of the! 'latte, is provided with rollers (61) running in a known device for automatic guides. see pouring of melts (USA.Patent 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, da- 35 1 752 308) the molds are on a rotatable characterized in that the arranged only by a straight ring, the individual stations entSchienen formed guides (6) are provided for the back length of the circumference of this ring, Run the pallet (7) above the only straight night-hurry on this construction is the large square rails formed guides (S) for the pre-needs of the system, especially if many are arranged along the pallet and for which 40 stations are provided. Furthermore, there is »also the kon-handover of the pallets from the advance to the structural effort for the support and the return run a lifting device (16) at the end drove the rotatable ring considerably. The Anzaiil the advance and for the transfer of the pallets from the stations depends on the diameter of the from the return to the flow a lowering ring, so that such a known device direction (17) at the end of the return 45 is not expandable. Another disadvantage of the hen are. known device is that the supply 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that indicates the inside of the rotatable ring, that the guides (6) for the orderly part of the device in which ortsfe-return the pallet (7) these are provided with horizontal ste parts of the individual stations, Lead plane, whereas the guides (5) 50 is difficult, and that the exchange of the molds of the entire advance, the pallet (7) with verti- is difficult to carry out because the molds on kaier plate level. Ring screwed on and therefore only for replacement 5. Apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, since it has to be loosened from the ring with difficulty. In the end characterized in that there is a further disadvantage of these known Kon-pallets for the advance (7) along the forerunner a step instruction in that if there is a breakthrough at the wise acting drive (9) is provided, where- casting station or in the event of a leak with preferably for the pallet transport ent- Gußform the entire transport system for the Gußlang the return form a continuous drive is damaged and made inoperative (12, 14) is provided, the transport is because the emerging melt drives and dwindling is greater than that of the forerunner. 60 guides for the ring, at least in part 6. Device according to one of claims 3 arranged below the molds, relocated,
to 5, characterized in that the lifting In a further known device of the lowering and lowering devices (16, 17) for the pallet aisles described (German patent th (7) of 1173 215 arranged on turnstiles (19)) the molds are formed on an endless guide section (20). 65 chain attached that angled across 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that two pulleys are guided and continuously re-characterizes that at the end of the run one is running. The molds (chill molds) are direct Mold changing station (T) is provided, which is attached to the chain links so that in the event of damage