DE2316988A1 - DEVICE FOR AUTOMATIC MELT PASTING - Google Patents

Description

Pafenfam & public * Dipping P. Wirffi

1 RQQQ ¹ Dr-V. Scrimisd-KowarziE

I03ÖÖ Dipl-ha G. Dannenberg

Dr. P. VM '-rl- ¹ , Dr. D. Gudel '6 Frankfurt / M., Gr. Eschenheimer Str.

GRAVIGAST Potentverwertun ^ sgesellschnft m.b.H. in Vienna (Austria)

Device for the automatic pouring of melts

The invention relates to a device for the automatic casting of melts, in particular metal melts, in which the melt has at least two casting molds in succession is fed, each mold nuf a transport device in a closed circuit along guides, in particular by rails, is slidably guided, along which circuit a casting stop,? .n which each casting mold is filled with melt is, and at least one further station are arranged at which the mold is emptied and prepared for the next casting and optionally provided with cores, the guides running past the individual stations.

ORIGINAL INSPECTED

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In a known device for autotaa / fcischen potting The molds are from melts (US Pat. No. 1,752,3o8) arranged on a rotatable ring, with the individual StPtioneft. are provided along the circumference of this ring. Disadvantageous This construction requires the system to take up a lot of space, especially when many stations are provided. Furthermore is also the design effort for the support and the drive of the rotatable ring is considerable. The number of stations is depending on the diameter of the ring, such a known one The device cannot be expanded known device be start in that access to your inside the rotatable ring arranged part of the device, in which stationary parts of the individual stations are provided, is difficult, and that the exchange of the molds is difficult is to be carried out, since the molds are screwed to the ring and therefore must first be painstakingly detached from the ring for replacement «Finally, there is another disadvantage of this known construction in the fact that in the event of a breakthrough at the casting station or a leak in a casting mold in the entire transport system for the molds is damaged and made inoperable because the escaping melt drives and guides for the Ring, which is at least partially arranged below the molds are relocated. .

In a further known device of the type described at the outset Art (German Patent. 1 173 215) are the Molds attached to an endless chain that is angled in Course is guided over two pulleys and rotates continuously. The molds (chill molds) are directly aft attached to the chain links so that in the event of damage one

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Mold the plant must be shut down to replace the mold. Also "with this construction there is the disadvantage that in the event of a breakthrough at the casting station or in the event of a leak in a mold then the entire transport system for the casting forms inoperable / can ground »The rigid attachment of the Molds on the revolving chain finally brings the disadvantage that the UmI mf Speed for all molds in each Phase of the cycle is the same, so that under certain circumstances π or xriele molds must be attached to the chain in order to make the process economical. In addition, in a Molds fastened in this way must only be filled from above and such a system is not used for the butt casting ; r.

The Srfindunp 'sets itself the task of addressing these disadvantages avoid and improve a device of the type described above so that with a small footprint and large Operational safety a quick and safe transport of the molds and. easy interchangeability of the same guaranteed is, whereby the device is to be used both for falling 'and for rising pouring »The invention This object is achieved essentially in that each casting mold is carried by a pallet by means of at least one arm is, with the arm protruding from the pallet and all these pallets are mutually identical and interchangeable -

the

form bare units, which through / guides at least in the area the casting station are guided with arms protruding from the guides and with olle these pallets on at least one Place of the circuit are removable from the guides. In this way, a device is created which has a

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has little space requirement and can be expanded in a simple manner, for example by lengthening the guides formed by the straight rails. Furthermore, any desired arrangement of the stations is possible with the device according to the invention, but the arrangement in a row. is the cheapest for reasons of minimal space requirements. Dr. each mold is supported by a pallet and all the pallets are equal to each other, an exchange of the molds can be made in a simple manner, even when these different for the production of large castings have different dimensions. The exchange of the pallets with the casting molds is possible without the device having to be switched off, so that continuous production of the castings to be produced is always guaranteed. In addition, the device is better protected against the heat developed in particular at the casting station, since each pallet shields the device components located behind it against the heat radiation emanating from the casting nozzle or casting mold. Since the casting molds are mounted on arms carried by the pallets which protrude from the path of movement of the transport device, the hot casting molds are kept at a distance from the transport device so that the latter is protected. It can be approached from the side over the pouring nozzle, especially when the pouring is rising, which makes the pouring template easier to construct is washed around, because in such systems that z. As described in the Austrian Pat. No. = 235. "84ο and in German Offenlegungsschrift no. 2 14? 7" ¹ 7, the

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Melt always kept liquid in the pouring nozzle mouth. 3. the Arrangement of the mold on the arms carried by the pallet now creates the necessary distance, since the transport device in one of the length of the arms corresponding to the distance from the casting template. This is also beneficial in the event that that the casting template suffers a breakthrough or is leaking, since the transport device is less likely to be damaged the further away it is from the pouring nozzle.

manure
According to a further embodiment / the invention, each pallet

plate-shaped and, preferably on two opposite one another Edges of the plate, provided with rollers running on the guides, so that the friction when moving the V7e it Pallets in the guides are very small and therefore only small Transport forces for the pallets sliding along the guides are necessary. These pallets can therefore possibly even be moved further by hand. However, it is preferable an intermittent drive is provided at the end of the row of pallets, who pushes the row of pallets in front of him.

preferably

According to the invention / which are only supported by straight rails

formed guides for the return of the pallet above the only Guides formed by straight rails are arranged for the advance of the pallet and there are for the transfer of the pallets from the flow to the return a lifting device & m end of the Forward and for the transfer of the pallets, from the return to the forward a lowering device is provided at the end of the return. Such a design is compact and space-saving and avoids diversions in the transport path for the pallets. Furthermore, easy accessibility of the drives for the Pallets in forward and reverse possible.

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The lifting and lowering devices for the pallets can be used according to the invention of guide sections arranged on turnstiles be formed so that there is always a guide into which the next pallet can move. Furthermore it is an advantage if a mold change at the end of the run is provided, which is formed by an additional turnstile, the guides for receiving the new as the one to be replaced Has pallet. In this way, a simple changeover of production to a different type of mold without Disturbance of the working cycle of the device according to the invention can be made.

According to an advantageous further development of the invention, the guides for the return of the pallets carry them with them horizontal plate level, whereas the guides of the entire feed guide the pallets with a vertical plate level. This makes it easy by simply tilting the pallets, for. B. by means of the turnstiles, it is possible to remove the pallets from the one taken in advance To bring level to the level occupied in the return line, This also makes it possible to run along the return path of the pallet to arrange concurrent workstations that act from above on the pallets or the molds attached to them. In the end is the guidance of the pallets along the return with space-saving horizontal plate level than with vertical plate level.

At the casting station, the guides for the pallets can be lowered, with a drive, for example a hydraulic unit, is provided. This creates a grinding motion the mold at the individual stations, in particular on the pouring nozzle mouth, thereby avoiding damage to the pouring nozzle. 3098 427 04 89 ■ ....- 6 -

In addition, the mold with that DruoV can be placed on the casting nozzle be placed, which allows a secure seal between the mold and casting nozzle. The lifting of the mold from the The pouring nozzle is expediently vertical, so that any still liquid material from the casting mold directly into the pouring nozzle drips and thus contamination in the area of the pouring nozzle by the dripping material is largely avoided.

The other features and advantages of the design / invention

result from the description of an exemplary embodiment of the subject matter of the invention, which is shown schematically in the drawing is shown. FIG. 1 shows the device according to the invention in a front view and FIG. 2 shows a plan view of FIG. 1. Fig. 3 shows a section along the line HI-III of FIGS. 1 and FIG. 4 shows a section along the line IV-IV of FIG. 1. FIG an embodiment of the adjusting device in a perspective view for the movement of the mold parts.

In the device for automatic potting according to the invention of melts are arranged along the path of a (transport device 1 several stations at which the individual Molds 2, e.g. B. molds, are subjected to various operations. So is a core loading station E, at which the Cores are placed in the mold, a casting station G, in which the casting takes place, and an ejection station A, in which the finished casting is ejected from the mold, provided. These stations E, G and A are along a straight line Line arranged one behind the other and the molds 2 are successively moved by the transport device 1 at these stations " passed by. The transport device 1 has a frame 3

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on, which has two end frames, each of which is formed by two vertical beams and one horizontal beam. These two frames 4 are connected to one another by rail pads 5, 6 'which form guides for the molds 2 and of which the pair of rails 5 are arranged one above the other on the front of the transport device 1, while the pair of rails 6 are arranged next to one another on the top of the transport device 1. In addition, reinforcements (not shown) can be provided for the frame 3. The pair of rails 5 constitutes the guide for the flow of the transport device, while the rails' ■ few 6 forms the guide of the return. Tabular pallets 7 (Fig./, 5) are guided in these guides, each pallet being assigned a casting mold which is carried by the pallet. -All pallets 7 are identical to one another, but the molds 2 can be different from one another. When using different casting molds, it must only be taken into account that the casting temperature and the ferrostatic level in the casting template 8 (Fig. 3) used to carry out the casting cannot be changed from casting to casting and must therefore be the same for all casting molds in a casting series _o Further, the clock time at which the molds 2 to be moved past the Gießvorlage 8, are kept constant, that is, the solidification ';. · times of the individual castings need to be similar to each other, as well as the cooling times for the casting molds these castings etc.

For moving the pallets along the path of the transport device 1 has these drives. These can be of a known type, e.g. B = chain conveyor, single drives.

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for the pallets, which these only from one station to promote others, push rod drives, etc. But it is particularly favorable if the transport device 1-in the area of their Flow at the inlet end of the same has a hydraulic unit 9, which the pallet 7 gradually to the Stations E, G, Λ in the direction of the arrow Io (]? Ig.1) pushes past. For this purpose, each pallet, expediently on its rear side, has a driver 11 on which the piston rod of the hydraulic Unit 9 engages, and which is formed by a pawl pivoting about an axis 11a, which during the feed movement the pallet 7 comes to rest on a stop pin 11b fixedly arranged on the pallet.

The transport of the pallets along the return line of the Transport device 1 is expediently carried out by a chain conveyor 12, the chain of which is guided over chain wheels 13, 14 and that of the pallets 7 at an opposite speed the advance increased speed in the direction of the arrow 15 moved on the top of the transport device 1. For this this chain conveyor 12 is driven by a motor 14a attached to the frame 4 via a transmission at the speed desired in each case driven. The reverse speed, which is higher than the forward speed, is favorable, since otherwise the Number of pallets 7 required in the circuit would be increased unnecessarily.

To transfer the pallets from the forward to the return or from the return to the forward of the transport device 1 are on the ends of the flow lifting and lowering devices 16 resp. intended for the pallet 7. Each of these lifting and lowering devices ″ 6, 17 is one about a horizontal axis 10

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(Fig. 4-) rotatable turnstile 19 is formed, 'which has guide sections 2o at the ends of its arms, which correspond in their design and arrangement to the rails 5 and 6, respectively. As a result, there is always a guide section into which the next pallet 7 can move during its advance movement. Each of these turnstiles 19 'is turned into a step-by-step orbital movement in the direction of the arrow 24 (FIG. 4) for the lifting device by means of a motor 21 and a gear 22 as well as a worm 23. 16 or in the opposite direction for the lowering device 1? driven-. The worm 23 acts on a worm wheel 25, with the shaft 18 of which the arms of the turnstile 19 are connected. The shaft 18 is mounted in a bracket 26.

The pallet cycle is therefore as follows: At the beginning of the cycle, the pallet is in the lowering process 17 in hochgeschwjikter position (see Fig. 1 right). After the feed of the vertically arranged pairs of rails 5 guided pallets 7 by means of the hydraulic unit 9 has taken place, the turnstile 19 becomes the lowering device 17 rotated so that the. Lowering device 17 located pallet is brought into a position in which it is aligned with the pallets guided in the rails 5. The arbitration of the mold 2 carried by this pallet, in particular a mold, (i.e. the injection of this mold or mold with a graphite solution in order to ensure that the To prevent casting on the mold parts) can already be done in swiveled up position of the pallet 7, or even first in the pivoted position of the same. After the first feed step the core is inserted at station E.

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the cores in. The mold 2 and then the closing of the Mold. So far, the parting line of the two parts was 27, the mold 2 in a horizontal plane to the core insert; to facilitate. In the area of the next feed step the pallet 7, the pallet is rotated by 90 ° so that the parting plane of its mold parts 27, 28 is vertical. In this Position takes place in the next following feed step Casting in the casting station G.

After carrying out the casting process, the pallet 7 in question is further pushed gradually and comes into a cooling station W, witd- left in which the casting to cool This cooling station W of the ejection station A is connected upstream, but optionally already the regurgitation of the finished castings can also be effected in the station W , especially with small castings. In the ejection station A, the two halves 27, 20 of the casting mold 2 are opened. The ejection station A is followed by a spraying station S, in which a cooling liquid, in particular water, is sprayed from high pressure nozzles onto the opened casting mold halves 27, 28, so that a

intensive cooling of the same occurs. To this end int this Station S a by means of a hydraulic unit 29 can be raised and lowered cooling liquid provided, which after retraction the pallet 7 is raised into the station S, so that the nozzle 3o between the two mold halves 27,2S is located. Control devices known per se can be provided which only release the flow of cooling liquid when the nozzle 3ο is between the mold halves 27,2S is located. In order to prevent the coolant from

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Jl

exposed components of the device, a protective plate Ji is provided, which can be raised and lowered by means of a hydraulic unit 32. After the pallet 7 has moved into the station S and before the cooling liquid supply to the nozzle 3o is switched on, the protective plate 31 is lowered and raised again after the cooling liquid supply has ended. Subsequently, the mold parts 27 _S 28 are pivoted again by 90 °, so that these mold parts are again on top of one another (this position is shown in FIG. 1 with dashed lines). During the following cycle, the pallet 7 is pushed into the lifting device 16 formed by the turnstile 19, by means of which the pallet is lifted to the upper pair of rails 6. The chain of the chain conveyor 12 running over the sprockets 13 »14 · now takes, by means of drivers 33, the individual- ·? Bolts of the chain are formed and come to rest on stops 33a of the pallet Li 7, the pallet 7 in the direction of arrow 15 with .. The stops 33a are formed by similar to the drivers 11 formed pivotable pawls that are mounted on the pin mounted in the pallet 7 33b come to the plant. As a result, the pallet.7 is brought back into a position above the lowering device 17 arranged at the beginning of the row of stations. There the pallet is placed in the guides 2o of the turnstile 19 of the lowering

o direction 17 is inserted, whereupon it is pivoted by 9o and thereby brings the pallet back into the plane of the rails of the pair of rails 5, which are arranged vertically one above the other. The cycle is now closed and with the next (pact of the hydraulic unit 9, the pallet is returned to the core loading station E inserted.

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On the way along the return of the transport device (Movement in the direction of arrow 15) can be found on the respective Pallet 7 located mold 2 are also treated where--

cler, for a carriage 34- is intended, / z. B. by means of a driver, is coupled to the pallet 7 and runs along a predetermined distance with this. After running through this distance, the coupling is automatically released, whereupon a weight 35 pulls the carriage 34- back into its starting position, which is defined by a stop 34-a located on the frame 3. For this purpose, the weight is connected to the carriage 34 by means of a wire rope 37 which is guided over a roller 36 mounted on the frame 3. On the carriage 34 tools such. B. rotating brushes 3 ^f "can be provided, which are rotated by means of a motor and through which the mold 2 is cleaned. In addition, 34 cooling nozzles can be mounted on the carriage, through which an additional cooling of the mold can take place - also carry nozzles for applying the sizing compound to the mold parts.

Furthermore, a pallet exchange station T is provided which connects to the lifting device 16. It is used to replace one pallet with another. This may be necessary, for example, if a mold has to be reworked or more, e.g. B. by means of a sandblast, must be cleaned or if the machine is to be switched to a different product (different molds), or if the mechanical components of the pallet 7 are damaged. For this purpose, the new pallet 7 ¹ to be used is held in a vertical position in a pallet trolley 4-0. The car has 4-o horizontal for this purpose

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running guides 41 into which the pallet 7 'can be pushed. A further turnstile 42 is arranged in the pallet exchange station T, which is designed in a manner analogous to the turnstile 19 (FIG array correspond to the guides 5 '6 and the guides 2o, so that the one part of these guides, the pallet can be easily transferred to the guides 2o of the lifting device 16 or = vice versa, and that on the other hand a slight transfer of the pallet 7 ^f by the pallet carriage to 4o the turnstile 4-2 is possible or vice versa. If a pallet change is now desired, the pallet ″ is brought up to the pallet exchange station T by means of the carriage 4o and transferred from the guides 4-1 to the guides 43. The turnstile 42 of the pallet exchange station T is then rotated so that the pallet reaches 7 ¹ in. the drawn with dashed lines to the position of the pallet exchange station T, in which it is ready for changing. then, by operating a ni ± tt control switch shown the lifting device 16 inoperative, so that the pallet 7 ¹ of. the Guides 43 can be pushed into the guides 2o of the turnstile of the lifting device 16 ". At the same time, the pallet delivered from the feed can be placed in the vertical guides 2Ö of the turnstile of the lifting device. 16 inserted and transferred from these guides into the guides 43 of the turnstile of the pallet exchange station T '. Of these, it is in the guides 41 of the carriage 4o pushed _s with which the pallet can be removed again in a simple manner.

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In Fig. $ Is the implementation of the casting process

Serving casting template shown. This casting template 8 has

en a furnace 44, which has a melting space 45 for the preparation of the Has to be poured melt. From this room 45 leads Channel 46 into a storage space 47, in which the melt is dammed at a predetermined level. To this pantry 47 adjoins a compensation space 48 in which the melt flow can calm down, so that the melt essentially vortex-free under the influence of their own weight in the after

4?
upward pouring nozzle / flows. At the transition point from the storage space 47 to the compensation space 48, there is a plug closure 5o which can be controlled by means of a hydraulic unit 51. Another hydraulic unit 52 is used to control a further stopper 53 »which is arranged at the transition point from the melt space 45 to the channel 45 and through the opening or closing of which the melt can be kept at a predetermined level in the storage space 47, which is the one on the melt acting pressure determined.

At the casting station G, the pallet 7, together with the rails guiding it, can be lowered. The one assigned to the casting station G is for this purpose Section of the rails 5 than from the remaining parts these rails separate rail piece 5 'formed, wherein the two superimposed rail pieces 5 'on one Frame 5 ^ are attached, which on the piston rod 55 of a hydraulic unit 56 is attached and by actuation the same can be raised or lowered. This makes it possible to place the casting mold 2 laterally at a distance above the upper edge of the casting nozzle

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to the pouring nozzle 4-9. Only when the mold 2 is over the casting nozzle 4-9 is, the frame 54 is by corresponding Actuation of the hydraulic unit 56 is lowered so that the casting mold 2 comes to rest against the casting nozzle 4-9 The casting mold 2 is raised again in the vertical direction by appropriate actuation of the hydraulic unit 56. Any liquid melt material that drips off the casting mold 2 drips back into the pouring nozzle mouth, so that contamination of the area around the pouring nozzle is largely avoided. Only when the pallet 7 has been raised to the level of the remaining pallet located in the forerun of the transport device 1, the next feed step is carried out by actuating the hydraulic lever Aggregates 9 «■

The release of the melt flow for the purpose of casting takes place by opening the plug closure 5o by appropriate actuation of the hydraulic unit 5 ^ ■> whereby the melt under the influence of its own weight from the storage space 4-7 into the. Compensation chamber 4-3 or flows from this through the pouring nozzle 4-9 into the casting mold 2.

The approach of the mold 2 at a distance above the upper edge 57 of the pouring nozzle 4-9 has the advantage that a grinding movement of the casting mold 2 on the pouring nozzle mouth is avoided. Furthermore, the casting mold can be placed on the casting nozzle with the pressure that creates the desired seal between the casting mold And pouring nozzle allowed.

Of course, you can at all stations where this is requested is, locking device for the pallets 7 provided

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be seen, which precisely adjusts the pallet at the station in question so that the operations to be performed on the mold can be carried out accurately.

In Fig. 5 is one in the pairs of rails 5i6 of the transport device ^ Led pallet 7 shown. This palette 7 va.st a tabular base body 58, which in his Center has a circular opening 59 and is U-shaped in cross section. At the corners of the square or rectangular base body 58 are arranged in pairs! extensions 6o provided, in which rollers 61 are mounted, over which the pallets 7 are guided in the pairs of rails 5 * 6. In this way, only a small amount of force is required on the part of the hydraulic unit 9 to move the whole Row of pallets necessary.

A turntable 62 is rotatably mounted in the opening 59 and has a protruding out of the plane of the pallet on its end face bar-shaped extension 63 carries with one in his Longitudinal straight groove 64 is provided. In this Two slides 65,66 are slidably guided in the groove, each of which carries an arm 67,68 on which the two mold halves are attached 27 and 28 of the mold 2 are attached. In this way, the two halves of the mold can be driven by means of suitable drives Moved toward or away from each other, thereby opening and closing the mold 2. Furthermore it is by rotating the turntable 62 possible, the parting plane of the mold parts 27, 28 from the horizontal position into the vertical one Location and vice versa to blur.

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It is not absolutely necessary that each pallet 7 only has one only mold with a single gate bears “It can z "B =, especially with large castings (zJ" Central heating radiators etc.) it may be advantageous to provide the casting mold with two gates that have two pouring nozzles at the same time The casting template interacts during casting - it is also possible to to attach two completely separate casting molds to the pallet 7 for smaller castings, for each of these Casting molds the mentioned adjusting devices for carrying out the opening and closing movement of the casting mold parts as well as for pivoting the molds can be used »

The mold does not necessarily have to be in two parts, but can also be composed of more than two parts »In In this case, there is either the option of using two of the casting mold parts towards each other or away from each other in the manner described and the other mold parts rigidly the pallet 7 or «to fasten the turntable 62 of the same or an adjusting device can be provided for each of the mold parts so that all the mold parts point to a common one Center to or away from it. Which of the

'i

The variants mentioned, which is more advantageous, depends on the type of casting in question.

In the present context, "Pallet" is an interchangeable one Triig device or, understood support frame, on the one Load (in the present EaIl the mold). Applied and tuned can be attached.

Claims ^ 309842/0489

Claims (1)

Patent.:; η π ρ r ¹ I c Ii e. * ■ 1. Apparatus for the automatic casting of melts, in particular metal-chromium, in which the melt is fed in at least two casting molds in sequence, each casting mold sliding on a transport device in a closed circle along guides, especially rails is guided along, which circuit comprises a casting station ,, is filled in each mold with the melt, and at least a further station -.np;. eordnet Bind to which drains the mold and for the next ^r ^ -uß prepared and optionally provided with cores x ^»T IRD, \ robei the guides on the individual stations Ufen vorbeil-, characterized in that each Gußforra (2) by means of at least one of arms (67, βΠ) pretrr.gen of a pallet (7 actual, wherein the arm protrudes from the pallet and all these pallets (7) are interchangeable with one another and form units which, through the guides, at least in the area of the casting station (G), are connected to the guides. At least one point of the circuit can be removed from the guides (5, 6). 2 "Device according to claim Ί, characterized", that each pallet (7) is plate-shaped, and two opposite edges of the plate, with an the guide?: - The rollers (61) are running with a blue end ο 19 - 309842/0489 J. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that the guides formed only by straight rails (6) for the return of the pallet (7) above the guides (5) formed only by straight rails for the door run Pallet are arranged and for the transfer of the · pallets from Forward to the return a lifting device (16) at the end of the. And for the transfer of the pallets from the return to the Forward a lowering device (17) ^ at the end of the return are provided. -. ' 4. Apparatus according to claim 3> characterized in that that the guides (G) for the return of the pallet (7) this guide with the horizontal plane of the plate, x ^ o against the guides (5) guide the pallet (7) with the panel level vertical ». ^, ' 5. Device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that that a step-by-step drive (9) is provided for the advance of the pallets (7) along the lead, wherein preferably for pallet transport along the return line a continuous drive (12, 14) is provided, the transport speed of which is greater than that of the advance. 6. Device according to one of claims 3 to 5 ₅ "dadurcli, that the lifting and lowering devices (15, 17) for the pallets (7) are formed by guide sections (2o) arranged on turnstiles (19). 309842/0489 7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that
that at the end of the flow a Gußformv / echselstotion (T-) is provided, which is formed by an additional turnstile (4-2), the guides (4-3) for receiving the new and the pallet to be replaced (7, 7 ') having. 3, device according to one of claims 1 to 7 »characterized in that (5 ^r) can be lowered at the casting station (G), the guides for the pallets (7), and that therefor, such a drive. B. a hydraulic unit (56) is provided. 309842/0489