DE2161490C3 - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Copolymeren - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung eines CopolymerenInfo
- Publication number
- DE2161490C3 DE2161490C3 DE2161490A DE2161490A DE2161490C3 DE 2161490 C3 DE2161490 C3 DE 2161490C3 DE 2161490 A DE2161490 A DE 2161490A DE 2161490 A DE2161490 A DE 2161490A DE 2161490 C3 DE2161490 C3 DE 2161490C3
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- ethylene
- copolymer
- silicon oxide
- catalyst
- polymerization
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- REAOZOPEJGPVCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxygen difluoride Chemical compound FOOF REAOZOPEJGPVCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 14
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 9
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VIJYFGMFEVJQHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum oxosilicon(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Al+3].[Si+2]=O VIJYFGMFEVJQHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000071 blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001845 chromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H chromium(III) sulfate Chemical class [Cr+3].[Cr+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910021426 porous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012673 precipitation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 2
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005916 2-methylpentyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SLRMQYXOBQWXCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2154-56-5 Chemical class [CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 SLRMQYXOBQWXCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCEIUDAMUFAQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-M CC(C)(C)O[Cr](O)(=O)=O Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O[Cr](O)(=O)=O BCEIUDAMUFAQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZSHVJZITPSSPIV-UHFFFAOYSA-L CC(CC(O[Cr](O)(=O)=O)=O)=O Chemical compound CC(CC(O[Cr](O)(=O)=O)=O)=O ZSHVJZITPSSPIV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004218 Orcein Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910020175 SiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940117975 chromium trioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UBFMILMLANTYEU-UHFFFAOYSA-H chromium(3+);oxalate Chemical class [Cr+3].[Cr+3].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O UBFMILMLANTYEU-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+3].[Cr+3] UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAMDZJFZMJECOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+6] GAMDZJFZMJECOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKZBVTPSNGOVRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(iii) phosphate Chemical class [Cr+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O IKZBVTPSNGOVRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- LDYLHMQUPCBROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl(methoxy)alumane Chemical compound [O-]C.CC[Al+]CC LDYLHMQUPCBROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWAMTZZJXXCIOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethyl(phenoxy)alumane Chemical compound CC[Al+]CC.[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 UWAMTZZJXXCIOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- GCPCLEKQVMKXJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy(diethyl)alumane Chemical compound CCO[Al](CC)CC GCPCLEKQVMKXJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037048 polymerization activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Th]=O ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003452 thorium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP45112258A JPS4913230B1 (enExample) | 1970-12-15 | 1970-12-15 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2161490A1 DE2161490A1 (de) | 1972-08-31 |
| DE2161490B2 DE2161490B2 (de) | 1978-08-10 |
| DE2161490C3 true DE2161490C3 (de) | 1983-02-17 |
Family
ID=14582188
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2161490A Expired DE2161490C3 (de) | 1970-12-15 | 1971-12-10 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Copolymeren |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3759918A (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JPS4913230B1 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE2161490C3 (enExample) |
| FR (1) | FR2118642A5 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB1340420A (enExample) |
| IT (1) | IT943974B (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4025707A (en) * | 1974-03-28 | 1977-05-24 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Mixed hydrocarbyloxide treated catalyst activated at different temperatures |
| US3947433A (en) * | 1974-05-13 | 1976-03-30 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Supported chromium oxide catalyst having mixed adjuvant |
| DE2604549A1 (de) * | 1976-02-06 | 1977-08-11 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zum herstellen von olefinpolymerisaten |
| DE2604550A1 (de) * | 1976-02-06 | 1977-08-11 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zum herstellen von olefinpolymerisaten |
| US4284527A (en) * | 1978-06-19 | 1981-08-18 | Chemplex Company | Polymerization catalyst |
| US4303770A (en) * | 1979-10-24 | 1981-12-01 | Chemplex Company | Method of making polymers and copolymers of 1-olefins |
| US4820785A (en) * | 1986-06-16 | 1989-04-11 | Phillips Petroleum Company | In situ comonomer generation in olefin polymerization |
| US4735931A (en) * | 1986-06-16 | 1988-04-05 | Phillips Petroleum Company | In situ comonomer generation in olefin polymerization |
| BE1009308A3 (fr) | 1995-04-28 | 1997-02-04 | Solvay | Polymere d'ethylene et procedes pour son obtention. |
| US20040167015A1 (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2004-08-26 | Cann Kevin J. | Production of broad molecular weight polyethylene |
| CN103554631B (zh) * | 2013-10-16 | 2016-02-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种小中空容器吹塑材料及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL110795C (enExample) * | 1956-11-19 | |||
| US3081286A (en) * | 1956-11-19 | 1963-03-12 | Collier Carbon & Chemical Co | Polymerization of olefines with a group va or vla metal oxide-aluminum trialkyl-alkanol catalyst |
| FR1479829A (fr) * | 1965-05-14 | 1967-05-05 | Union Carbide Corp | Procédé perfectionné de polymérisation de monooléfines |
| AT299536B (de) * | 1967-11-13 | 1972-06-26 | Union Carbide Corp | Verfahren zur Polymerisation von Äthylen |
| US3629216A (en) * | 1968-05-14 | 1971-12-21 | Mitsubishi Chem Ind | Process for the polymerization of olefins |
| GB1241134A (en) * | 1968-05-25 | 1971-07-28 | Mitsubishi Chem Ind | Olefin polymerisation catalyst |
-
1970
- 1970-12-15 JP JP45112258A patent/JPS4913230B1/ja active Pending
-
1971
- 1971-12-03 US US00204747A patent/US3759918A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-12-10 DE DE2161490A patent/DE2161490C3/de not_active Expired
- 1971-12-14 GB GB5807171A patent/GB1340420A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-12-14 IT IT32409/71A patent/IT943974B/it active
- 1971-12-15 FR FR7145057A patent/FR2118642A5/fr not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US3759918A (en) | 1973-09-18 |
| JPS4913230B1 (enExample) | 1974-03-29 |
| FR2118642A5 (enExample) | 1972-07-28 |
| DE2161490A1 (de) | 1972-08-31 |
| DE2161490B2 (de) | 1978-08-10 |
| IT943974B (it) | 1973-04-10 |
| GB1340420A (en) | 1973-12-12 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8381 | Inventor (new situation) |
Free format text: YAMAGUCHI, KAZUO HASUO, MASAYOSHI, TOKYO, JP ITO, ISAO, MAEHIDA, TOKYO, JP |
|
| C3 | Grant after two publication steps (3rd publication) | ||
| 8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |