DE2117784A1 - Use of hydrophilic soft foam in the cultivation of vines and trees - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the use of hydrophilic flexible foam in the form of plates and / or rows of pockets for growing vines and other woody plants0 Up to now it has been customary to remove grafted vines after immersion to 60 ° if necessary Liquefied vine wax in wooden or plastic boxes tilted by 900 horizontally to pack in moist peat so that the cuttings sideways approx.

4 - 5 cm remain uncovered, i.e. the graft remains free.

Then mouth the box tilted by 90 °, so that the uncovered vines came upstairs. In this position the approx.

Boxes weighing 7c kg were transported to the greenhouse and set up there.

In this pack, the cuttings stayed in a greenhouse at 26 - 300 and 90% humidity until callus formation, i.e. the undergrowth has grown together with the noble rice was guaranteed and the noble rice 'tin wool' came, i.e. from to start drifting, that is the case after 22 - 28 days.

Then the heavy boxes are transported again.

Now the "driven vices" were transplanted into individual pots for root formation. For this purpose, either soil or a peat mixture was filled Cardboard sleeves or pressed peat pots or peat balls or the like are used in where the rice stood as a single piece, These single bales are then in the warm house rooted and then further cultivated outdoors in the "nursery".

Since the cuttings are often at the same time as the callus formation Form roots that are initially as brittle as glass, but damage to the roots when transplanted not to be avoided9 This can lead to considerable failures.

More recently, people have gone over to this instead of single pots To use so-called "toiletry bags" to save time and space are elongated double-sided cardboard wrappings filled with wet peat. In Several previously grafted cuttings were placed side by side in this filled space plugged in. A large number of such bags were packed close together in a container put in the warm house for rooting and then brought to the "nursery" outdoors.

In the fall these bags were opened with a sharp spade or a similar instrument divided, whereby the Viurzelwerk damaged many times was, but in any case the roots were forced by the surrounding peat mixture freed.

Apart from the considerable amount of manual work involved and the trouble The damage to the roots and their exposure is of great importance in making work easier Disadvantage.

The loss due to unusable vine cuttings is estimated at 35 - 40 ß.

It is therefore the object of the invention: le the workload as far as possible to reduce, 2. to facilitate the necessary transport work, 3. to reduce any post-natal disturbance largely to avoid, 4. to increase the yield of young plants ready for sale.

Given the high investments made by the vine schools in the previously common driving boxes it makes sense to first develop a transitional solution that allows for the retention common equipment and aids allowed and a final solution for initiate future investments.

The following sub-steps towards the final solution are described, but which are already the subject of the innovation. The description is given with reference on the accompanying drawings.

In Fig. 1, a conventional driving box 11 made of wood is shown, which is tilted by 90 ° so that the actual top 12 is on the right. The now The top 13 shown can be removed so as not to get in the way when filling be.

Instead of the previously usual filling with wet peat, first 1 plate of foam 14 according to FIG. 1a placed on the floor 15 and placed on it in a conventional manner A layer of refined vines 16, then another foam sheet 14 and again vines and so on until the box is full.

To keep the foam sheets in closest contact with the vines bring, you can advantageously still a Schaumstoff.platte 17 as compensation and put on the pressure plate. Then the top 13 is closed, the box by 900 tilted so that the finishes come up, as shown in FIG.

The placement of the fitted, previously moistened foam sheets can be done in a fraction of the time for laying wet peat, quite apart from that, that the time necessary for the preparation of the peat mixture is omitted.

While the peat box weighs 70 and more kilograms, and two strong Men must be transported, the foam-filled box weighs a long way less than 10 kg and can be easily handled by women, particularly if you use the much lighter plastic boxes instead of the wooden boxes. In place and the place is watered.

The foam used for the planting plates is more water-storing thanks to the addition Substances such as methyl cellulose 'diatomaceous earth, brown coal or similar substances are hydrophilic set and has 95% of its volume air bubbles, of which after irrigation at least 30% are partially filled with water.

With each watering, approximately .7oVo of the cells fill temporarily with water. The excess of water drains down relatively quickly and fresh ones Air and thus oxygen is forced to be sucked in. Also has synthetic foam a high specific heat, which is of the utmost importance for plants to thrive is. At the same time, the foam is an excellent insulator, so that the change from cold to heat and vice versa takes place slowly, that is for protection against Night and ground frosts are just as important as protection against additional solar radiation.

This special plant foam excels in its plant biological Properties of all so far known soils, as the following comparison shows. Water, air, potting, nutrient.

volume capacity capacity parts availability absorb. Best Black- 50% 30% 20% 50% 30% good Earth Horticultural earth with 80% 45% 35% 20% 40% good high peat an-t; ell / o Pflstisen- 95 52 foam I. 48; S 5 o ser ut; L. Due to these excellent properties, in particular the high and permanent air capacity and nutrient uptake, root formation and growth promotion are unsurpassable.

The driving boxes described above contain between 400 and 500 Vine refinements. After the callus formation and after the end of the advancement you can Now the wood can be removed from the boxes much faster, since only the foam sheets It is now sometimes the case that the vines are not just one good callus but also roots. Which, however, avoided in this case shall be. This is especially the case if the woods used in the past Autumn could form a sufficient depot of growth reserves or that after latest attempts to drive out the eyes and assimilate new powers in excess educates.

One would now be so promoted cuttings from the synthetic foam remove, one would inevitably cut off the roots that have already formed.

In order to take full advantage of this combined driving method, in which proven growth substances perform outstandingly, is according to the invention proposed as a second step according to Fig. 2, 2a and 2b: The lower ends of the Finishing woods 16a in the slot 22 of the foam bags according to Fig. 2a in far larger distances than after the 1st step described above. These Foam bags have box length B and are every 4 cm or at similar intervals pre-punched 21 so that they still form a continuous strip at the ear, but can easily be separated into individual bales later when warping, without the cutting is removed0 The roots remain in the foam ball 23 and are neither damaged nor disturbed in their growth. Similar bags are already in the patent (file number Kr. 2.059.748) and in the utility model no. 7.o44.865 by the applicant.

After the roots have formed, a suitable nutrient salt solution is supplied necessary.

Following the pocket strips 23 are under and over the woods Filler pieces 2b also made of soft foam so that they are similar to the first step are wrapped up to the callus.

Because the cuttings are essential in the process after the "second step" are further apart, the disadvantage occurs that instead of in a box 400 - 500 cuttings 12a - 130 can be put under, the number of "boxes" so must be increased. However, this disadvantage has considerable advantages in terms of labor savings, Reduced risks and stronger cuttings as opposed to.

Fig. 2 shows the box being filled, Fig. 3 shows the same box at the end the advance time.

In this "second step" there are still loose foam sheets inserted as filler pieces 2b between the wood layers, which are removed when warping and can be stacked for the next year. That is a considerable rauia question which can only be accepted for a transitional period.

The third step @ completely dispenses with these intermediate layers.

It is shown in FIGS. 4 to 8.

Only "rows of pockets" are suggested here, the height of which fl is greater is as in "second step". Like a utility model 7,044,863 of the applicant from 2 foam sheets 41 and 42 in predetermined spaces 43 by gluing, Brackets or put together in some other way and at the junctures like that pre-punched 44 so that they are only connected in dots-45 to form a bar.

Here they can be easily separated later when you start school.

A gap 46 remains between the connection points to accommodate the Cuttings.

So they coincide with the substrate strips in the outer surface area from utility model 7.o44.863. Only their further use is different.

According to the invention it is proposed that a large number of such "rows of pockets" after the cutlery in a subframe (which is not shown) to be stacked in such a way that that a package according to FIG. 6 is created between the individual foam layers 61 can it is advantageous to insert a thicker plastic film 62 in each case, uni growing over it to prevent the roots from moving from one row of pockets to the next.

This plastic film 62 can, according to FIG. 8, have 2 layers 81 and 82 exist between which heating wires 89 and 84 embedded in two separate loops are so that if necessary one or the other or both can be heated what can be beneficial for both callus and root formation.

The whole package is then wrapped with 2 adhesive tapes 63 and in a Commercially available planter 71, This planter 71 - from floriculture - known for years - is much lower and therefore lighter and cheaper than the heavy plastic box common in vine growing (which is based on wet peat use is set up). For the very light foam substrate strips it is in handling ideal.

To reduce perspiration as much as possible and keep it moist To ensure the callus area, this planter can with a higher transparent plastic hood 72 be covered as soon as the jacking should use be.

has ended and the warping has to be delayed The "rows of pockets" described above are the height of the rows of pockets of the "second step" protrude considerably, intermediate layers made of foam are no longer required.

On the other hand, the higher pockets are good protection for the young Plants. Here, too, the rooted young vines remain in the foam strip and are brought to the "nursery" in the field.

There is another advantage to this: the decay of pests on plants vegetable and animal nature. Years of observation have shown that ijicrobi and 3acteria do not stick in the synthetic foam, probably because they cannot find any food there or because the material is too sour for them makes impossible.

Investigations in this direction are still ongoing. Bs can only be the Fact that no other observed in the wetted synthetic foam Damage occur.

Nematodes have so far been found just as little as others Worms. Whether the dreaded Botrytis infestation can also be successfully combated with it can, must result in a longer series of tests.

Another advantage of the "pocket application" is that the young vines in these bags can be brought to shipping very gently, so that failures are largely avoided on the transport route.

In summary, it can therefore be established that the use of the proposed foam substrate balls and bags a large labor saving, Ease of work, avoidance of stunted growth and an increase the yield of young plants ready for sale.

What was said about vines in the foregoing applies analogously in the same way Way for roses and other woody plants.

Claims (4)

Claims 1. Use of hydrophilic, pest-free, open-pored soft foam in the form of intermediate layers (2a) or connected, according to patent (Mkt.Z..) or according to the utility model 7,044,863 pre-cut rooting pockets during cultivation of vines and other woody plants, whereby the grafted rice leads to callus formation instead of peat between the foam layers and / or in rooting pockets (2a) and are packed in conventional driving boxes. 2e Use of flexible foam for growing vines or the like Claim 1, characterized in that the two foam sheets (41 and 42) formed, pre-punched pockets are assembled into packages (Fig. 6) after the equipment are, between each pocket layer (61) one not to be penetrated by roots Interlayer made of foil or similar tabular plates (62) may be inserted can, which can have an optionally heatable wire insert (83 and 84), and wherein the packages are placed in a planter tray (71), which is through a transparent, Antiperspirant hood (72) can be covered. 3. Use of soft schawnstoff for vine cultivation according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the rooted young plants as single balls or can be brought outdoors as a row in the foam bags. 4. Use of flexible foam for cultivating vines or the like claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the rows of pockets after the callus formation and after the rooting and after cultivation in the "nursery" to the pre-cut Perforations (44/45) divided and the individual plants together with the rooted Bales can be packed.