DE19856180A1 - Rear impact damping/protection system for vehicle front occupants frees front seats if following vehicle is too close at too high speed, applies defined hydraulic damping, moves rear seat - Google Patents

Abstract

The system dynamically frees the front seats if the following vehicle approaches too closely at too high a speed and applies defined hydraulic damping. The rear seat is rearranged to form a barrier in front of the rear screen before the following vehicle impacts the vehicle if there are no rear seat passengers.

Description

The invention relates to a rear-relevant impact / impact Damping and protection system for passengers in the front of the passenger compartment multi-lane motor vehicles.

The current state of the art presents various frontal impacts, Injury prevention systems such as airbags; Procon-ten etc. for the motor vehicles currently operated with sufficient compatibility to disposal.

But unfortunately it corresponds to the reality that even the front occupants Such passenger cars in so-called driveway accidents are still considerable Injuries, especially in the lumbar / cervical segment of the Spine as well as impact penetrated through the rear window kinematized foreign bodies, but also - even with security glass - by segmenting the rear window itself, bouncing, cutting, - yes can suffer fatal injuries.

The invention is therefore based on the task of konzi a system pieren, which in these cases the risk of such personal injury reduced to a minimum.

This object is achieved by the features in claim 1.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are in the subclaims featured.

In the rear impact / impact damping and Protection system become in driving mode when approaching too fast a following vehicle; starting from one linearly from the rear Radar sensors determined a speed difference of 35 km / h and one that was also determined and minimized by these radar sensors Distance at which this following vehicle in braking / avoidance mode an impact collision even with the cheapest chassis tuning can no longer turn away; the front seats of the relevant front-wheel drive unlocked parallel to the vehicle's longitudinal axis capable of kinemation and in the event of a final impact / impact of the rear vehicle defined hydraulic kinematic damping, provided that no people were placed in the rear seats behind are.

In order for the following impact / impact of the following vehicle penetrating kinematically impacted through the rear window Foreign bodies a certain barrier from the fundus of the cockpit Responding to inventories is carried out simultaneously with the aforementioned fund Unlocks the axially - swiveling on the rear seat back Rear hinged rear bench seat via a specific pyrotechnic hub cylinder units swiveled parallel to the relevant backrest. After a spec. millisecond def. Time delay - within which the definitive impact of the following vehicle failed to materialize - now other pyrotechnic lifting cylinders are ignited units that this flat-rate rear bench seat along more specific Vertical guide elements as a protective barrier in front of the internal rear window kinematize the surface where it is definitely using specific (Ball) locking elements on the roof frame, locked / remains, until, if necessary, again - immediately before the buttocks are folded down is manually unlocked.  

This flat-rate mode is of course only centralized Microcomputer - control unit - the central control body of this Systems - taxed when there are no people in these rear seats are placed.

So that no potential splinters of the rear window in the collision can enter the passenger compartment animates this central control organ also with staff occupancy - which here by two mutually independent sensor versions continuously redundant is monitored - simultaneously with the system configuration mentioned above Switching elements - a specifically designed electromagnetic Unlocking actuator for the function, which here via individual Transmission elements instal above / below the rear window lined, spring rate-specific pre-tensioned metal foil roller blind unlocked, which then follows along mutual guidance tracks of the window frame directly on the internal rear windows surface - the same completely overlapping - linearly lengthens and remains stretched until it is manually rolled back again, if necessary becomes.

The detailed explanation of the structure and function of the presented Invention follows on the basis of figure drawings 1/2.

It shows

Fig. 1 diagram showing functional circuit technology extending the basis of the character fields "ABC" and function of diverse phases,

Fig. 2 internal / external switching function diagram of the predefined for this specific system configuration, electronic control unit - in the block diagram.

In Fig. 1 the diagram of this system with circuit-technical function course is shown using the character fields "ABC", as well as diverse functional phases, the elementary and functional explanation of which begins here with the character field "A", using the numerical reference numerals "1-21" affiliates.

"1": ignition switch, by means of which u. a. the one for this system configuration required operating current - when driving - for System-relevant microcomputer control unit "2" from Primary energy storage - the vehicle battery - branched / fused will switch.

"2": centralized, system-specific microcomputer control unit, which - analogous to the elementary switching configuration shown - all system-relevant input signals by means of individually who are fed elementary-specific modulated measurement voltage pulses as well as in map-based algorithmic computing programs evaluates / processes and definitely via specifically defined Control amplifiers the diverse actuators in the spec. def. Time units with individualized control voltage signals controls.

"3": left and right in the rear bumper area, exactly parallel FM-CW millimeters aimed towards the rear of the vehicle's longitudinal axis Wave distance radar sensors, which are continuously in motion all within the potential detection range of 25 m backwards Detect approached objects so sensitively that they their differing speed to the reference vehicle limit values - that is, sensitively record the approximate speed values and the downstream microcomputer control unit via relationship transmit the same measuring voltage pulses.

In this regard, these distance values are defined by continuously measuring the difference frequency of the transmission frequency and reception frequency. During the signal runtime (2 s / c ₀ ), the microcomputer control unit "2" communicating in each case bivalently changes the transmission frequency but not the reception frequency.

From the frequency swing, the modulation frequency and the signal transit time determines this microcomp. control unit. "2" in spec. def. Seconds segments the respective escalating / decimating distance values of these backward distancing / approaching follow-up vehicles and calculates the speed difference from these parameters values to the reference vehicle.

For the greatest possible precision of the determined distance values in this To grant mode, the frequency range of these two distance radar must be used sensors are modulated between 10-20 GHz.

Provided that in these measuring cycles a more than 34 km / h faster than the following vehicle approaching the reference vehicle is determined and itself the same up to a distance of 5.5 m to the rear of the cover. approached, activated the centr. Microcomp. Control unit "2" system configuratively the actuators "4; 5; 6; 12; 13 and 19" so that they are the same even before the final impact of this follow-on vehicle hydraulically damped, longitudinal vehicle kinematic capability the driver / front passenger seats - analogous to drawing field "A" -  control and the rear bench seat - according to the functional phases "1-2-3" - in drawing field "B" - as a barrier internally in front of the rear window kinematize, as well as the drawing field "C", the metal foil split Kinematise the protective roller blind at high speed parallel to the rear window.

"4": capacitively specifically defined electrolytic capacitor (electrolytic capacitor), the storage capacity of which is continuously driven by the centr. Microcomp. Control unit "2" is saturated and when the system is configured to trigger a function via the downstream switching elements:
"5/6" is completely emptied. The duration of this capacitive discharge to the definitive switching element "6" is approximately 5-10 seconds.

"5": reverse blocking thyristor, which is used for system configurative Function triggering - as described under "3" - from the centr. Micro comp. control unit "2" on its gate control connection receives positive voltage pulse and ignites.

After this, this control switching element becomes conductive and remains in the Passed state, with the positive storage capacity present of the electrolytic capacitor "4" to the electromagnetic unlocking unit ten "6" of the driver / front passenger seat adjustment kinematics be switched through.

"6": electromagnetic unlocking thrust unit of the driver / Passenger seat adjustment latching kinematics, which in the "4/5" aforementioned function escalation the supplied amount of electricity into a longitudinal thrust kinemation of the integrated push rod which transmits the (manually operated) Locking lever mechanism of the vehicle's longitudinal axial seat adjustment lock unlocked to the effect that the relevant driver / passenger seat for the spec. def. Unit of time of this capacitor operating current Saturation of 5-10 seconds from the vehicle's longitudinal axial seat rest gear segments is completely mechanically separated.

"7": longitudinal vehicle longitudinal toothing of the left / right Front seat.

"8": Articulation point of the seat frame of the left / right front seat for the connecting rod of the respective axially kinematic connecting rod related hydraulic shock absorber cylinder "9".

"9": hydraulically specific to the potential rear connections Impact impact energy potential of balanced hydraulic shock absorption linder, which - analogous to the illustration - on the driver / Passenger front seat frame parallel to the rear of the vehicle is articulated.

The hydraulic cylinder itself is external - via two locking bolts - statically anchored to the floor assembly of the vehicle, so that in the In the event of a rearward collision / impact of a follow-up vehicle each system-configurable via the actuators "2; 4; 5 and 6" vehicle longitudinally unlatched driver / passenger seat from the hydraulic delayed connecting rod each damped specifically to the rear if necessary up to the hydraulic end stop - as here via line / line Contouring shown - is delayed, if behind the respective No person is seated.

"W": Hazard warning signal switching modulation of the motor vehicle - external flashing signal nal elements, which - analogous to the switching configuration shown -  from the centr. Microcomp. Control unit "2" will be activated as soon as a potential follow-up vehicle from the distance radar sensors "3" with a driving speed increased by 35 km / h to the reference vehicle is recorded and up to a distance of 5.5 meters to the Reference vehicle approached. Because of the impact of this vehicle is inevitable, the activation of this module "W" remains present, until it is deactivated manually when the accident site is cleared.

Character field "B"

"10": seat load sensors of all potential Seat seats in the rear of the passenger compartment, which - analog the switching configuration shown - the seat occupancy of all rear passenger seats of the centr. Microcomp. Tax unit "2" signals.

"11": specific pyroelectrically balanced infrared sensors in Double element type conception, which - analogous to that shown Circuit diagram - each segregate into two pairs of optical elements animals, each of which a pair of elements on the pyroelek tric - electromagnetic emission wave range of 9.4 micro meter - as emitted by anthropogenic objects (people) - precisely is calibrated while the pair of elements is otherwise optical Systems of these two sensors each significant to that differentiated proelectric emission spectrum elsewhere Objects is electronically balanced.

This spec. def. IR sensors are like this on the left and right installed specifically in the rear of the passenger compartment, so that they each selectively the total seating potential of the rear seats Detect potentially placed people there.

The related determined pyroelectric values continuously via specifically adjusted filter elements to the center Microcomp. Control unit "2" using the same ratio Measuring voltage pulses transmitted.

This detection mode is as redundant seat occupancy monitoring predestined to even with defective seat occupancy sensor (s) ("10") in the event of an impending impact of a sequence determined via "3" vehicle the functional triggering of the switching elements "12 and 13" to prevent if person (s) on the relevant fund seats should be placed.

If the sensors "10 and 11" only one person on the rear bench seat determine sensitively, activates the centr. Microcomp. Tax unit "2" selectively only the unlocking switching elements of the front seat, which is not positioned in front of this person, so at least this front seat - if it is occupied by one person - the same the system-configurable recoil damping effect.

"12": pyrotechnically specific, energetically balanced lifting cylinder units, which - analogous to this illustration - are installed under the seat in the rear, so that they can be triggered from the centr. Microcomp. Control unit "2" - analogous to function phase 2 - this rear bench seat, which is articulated axially on the rear seat backrest and can be pivoted and pivoted within a millisecond time unit parallel to Swivel the backrest where it is definitely locked in this folding position via the ball catch elements "14".

In this regard, the in-cylinder, pulverized propellant charge generate an expanding nitrogen gas volume after ignition,  which is the moment of weight and mass moment of inertia and angle of attack counteracting this rear bench seat, these specifically time-limited Folding kinemation mode takes into account.

The reciprocating piston and the special for this effect. mechanically balanced Seat frames point to the relevant contact surfaces - as here visible in the side view - specifically predestined for this Elastomer elements (rubber buffers).

There are two of these lifting cylinder units under this rear bench seat (l./r.) installed, the reciprocating piston after ignition up to one internal end stop can be kinematized vertically and then - analogously Functional phase "C" by gravity and one that has been released Vent hole back to its lower starting position return with which they can be regenerated.

In this regard, the cylinder housing is sufficiently static externally locked to the floor assembly of the vehicle chassis.

"13": pyrotechnically specific energetically balanced lifting cylinder units, which - analogous to this representation and the functional phases "1-2-3" lmr in triplicate - so symmetrical to the vertical backrest axis under this rear bench seat backrest on the floor assembly of the vehicle chassis are locked so that they can move from the centr. Microcomp. Tax unit "2" - analogous to functional phase 3 - the flat-rate rear bench seat along spec. Kinematize vertically installed vertical guide rails "16" on both sides as an internal rear protective barrier, where they are / will definitely be locked in place by means of specific (ball) locking elements on the internal roof frame until they are manually unlocked again after the relevant rear-end collision become.

In this regard, the in-cylinder, pulverized propellant charge after ignition such an expanding nitrogen gas volume gener ieren, which the pau weight and mass moment of inertia counteracting shells rear seat, the same within a milli Secondarily defined unit of time vertically to the predestined Locking stop on the internal roof frame kinematized.

Taking this function into account, the cylinder housings must be external with sufficient pressure resistance on / in the bottom group of the Car chassis installed.

After ignition, vertically up to the respective internal end stops Kinematized reciprocating pistons return analogous to those of the reciprocating cylinders "12" also from gravity and a vent nalization applied, back to their lower starting positions with which it can also be regenerated (after dismantling) are.

"14": Ball locking elements of the rear bench seat / backrest, consisting from the locking bolt of the seat, as well as the spring ball locking receptacle the related backrest, which is used in the swivel kinemation the seat - as in function phase "2" - lock into one another and continue to remain locked in the same way as function phase "3", until it unlocks again manually after a rear-end collision become.

In this regard, they are mechanically sufficiently optimized Sizing installed on both sides of this bench.

"15": roof frame of the vehicle chassis, within which the vertical guide rails "16" of the rear seat backrest are locked enormously so that they penetrate objects impacted by kinematics through the rear window and the rear seat bench, which is subsequently acted as a bumper - analogous to function phase 3 - this thus, as a barrier redesigned rear bench seat, can counter sufficient hold even against extremely kinetically enriched objects without loosening or deforming in this way.

For constructional reasons, this should be the case with diverse vehicles specific roof frame reinforcement - such as in Cabriolet Bodies can not be realized, so this is the anchor Guide rails "16" in the rear shelf area of the vehicle chassis see.

"16": vertical guide rails of the rear bench seat backrest, which define the only locking / guiding elements of the flat rear bench seat to the vehicle chassis before / after vertical kinemation. These spars must be designed to be very resistant to deformation, so that if objects kinematized by impact penetrate through the rear window of the rear bench seat, which is subsequently predestined as a bumper - analogous to function phase 3 - this rear bench seat, which has thus been converted into a barrier, can counteract sufficient hold even against objects that are extremely potentiated kinetically, without forwards deform. At their ends, these guide elements each have radially circumferential locking recesses, within which the relevant. spec. Positioned, spring-loaded locking balls of the vertical backrests for guide tracks - analogous to function phase 3 - engage in the rear seat roof frame stop position - and remain statically locked until they are manually unlocked again after the relevant driveway accident.

Function phase "1"

Here the centr. Microcomp. Control unit "2" due to none of the speedy approach of a following vehicle Lift cylinder units "12/13" not activated in their function. Both the bench and the back rest with their lower elastomeric buffer elements on the accompanying buffer elements elements of the pyrotechnic lifting cylinder units "12/13" on and are guided by the "16" guide rails integrated in the backrest statically held in the passenger compartment.

Function phase "2"

Due to a backward too speedy and too the centr. Microcomp. Tax unit "2" with specific advance simultaneously the two stroke cycles inder units "12" electronically ignited, the same in the arrow lines shown here within a millisecond defined Unit of time the axially rotating, kinematic rear bench seat fold reactively parallel to the relevant backrest.

Function phase "3"

The centr. Microcomp. Control unit "2" ignites with a specific millisecond delay after the function phase completed, - but sensitive via the radar sensors "3" bivalently located follow-up vehicle has not yet crashed into the rear is the three on the left, center and right vertically under the backrest adjusted lifting cylinder units "13", the same according to the The arrow lines shown here simultaneously lift their pistons vertically explosion kinemative again the now folded-lying Move the rear seat bench up to the vertical stop along the specifically stabilized guide rails "16" as a rear barrier for the front passenger in the passenger compartment, kinematize internally in front of the rear window.  

Character field "C"

"17": parallel to the upper / lower rear windows frame installed, specially spring-loaded metal foils roller blind, which after unlocking via the predestined for this Actuator "19" speed-shear kinetically in the shown here Arrow directions relaxed parallel to the internal rear window surface / cut out - and cut out as splinter protection remains until it then, if necessary, rolled back manually.

"18": the leading segment of this metal foil roller blind, which immediately is installed on the window frame and - as here in the sectional view is shown - has an internal longitudinal guideway, which are symmetrical with respect to on both sides of the window frame installed vertical guideways "21" runs.

"19": electromagnetic unlocking actuator, which from the centr. Microcomp. Tax unit "2" is activated as soon as a potential Follow vehicle from the distance radar sensors "3" with a around 35 km / h to the reference vehicle increased driving speed is detected and approached up to a distance of 5.5 meters from the reference vehicle, because in this regard. the impact of this vehicle is obviously inevitable. When activated briefly, it receives a positive one Control voltage pulse, taking his thruster in the direction of the arrow against the self-acting spring-loaded return valve slide "20" kinematized.

"20": spring rate-specific return valve with passage slide, which at Kinemation via "19" for one from the center. Tax switching element "2" spec. decisecondally defined time switch unit the cross-section of the guide between the guide segment in the direction of the arrow "18" and on both sides of the window frame of this rear window releases vertically installed roller blind guideways, whereby this spec. spring-loaded preloaded rear window roller blind inside a decisecondly defined time unit parallel to the rear window cut out and stays cut out, because after this decisecondly defined Kinemation impulse of this specifically spring-loaded passage valve slide the segment to which it is now entitled completely stretched metal foil between the elements "18 and 21" sufficient mechanically blocked so that a potentially rearward rollback The resonance effect is thus prevented and thus this specific Splinter protection metal foil roller blind after this accident, if necessary can be rolled up manually.

"21": mutually parallel on the frame of the rear window, vertical guideway segments in the length dimension of the rear pane height, by means of which the metal foil roller blind before impact of the following vehicle approached relevant to the approach with a distance of approx. 2-5 mm led longitudinally to the internal rear window surface becomes.

Flat-rate description of the functions in advance in your indivi duelle function described switching elements with regard to their numerical designation abbreviations: "1-21":

The driver has started the journey.

In this regard, activated the now fed with operating current centralized microcomputer control unit "2" the rear Continuous radar sensors "3" aimed parallel to the vehicle's longitudinal axis Nuclear to function.

The driver stops at a traffic light intersection because he is Color light signal denied further travel.  

Even before the The driver chromatized accordingly The forward signal receives another approaching approach Motor vehicle at one speed - and therefore also speed speed difference of 55 km / h.

Because the driver of this vehicle is hypothetically foreign and at the moment of this backward approach to this due to traffic vehicle stopped from traffic for some reason is distracted, he does not decelerate his vehicle.

This now in the potential measuring distance of 25 m the distance radar sensors "3" instantaneously approached following vehicle will be driven by the same recorded, the speed difference "dv" and distance values to the reference vehicle in continuous measurement cycles and the center Microcomp. Control unit via proportional measuring voltage im pulse can be transmitted.

This follow-up vehicle is escalatingly approaching the one that is still standing Reference vehicle with undiminished driving speed (55 km / h) apart from the function-relevant distance parameters of five half a meter.

In this regard, the centr. Microcomp. Control unit "2" the Diverse actuators: "5; 6; 12 and 13", provided the sensor switch elements: "10 and 11" have not identified any persons placed in the rear, in the described system configuration.

If only one person is placed on the rear bench, so the centralized control unit "2" only controls the actuators: "5 and 6 "of the front seat, which is not positioned in front of this person. The hazard warning system "W" is always animated in this case. The actuator: "19", however, is central to this. Microcomp tax an H. "2" - as described above - also for those that are completely occupied at the back Seating - animated to function in order to create a defined, additional splinter glass prevention in the rear before the definitive one Impact of this follow-up vehicle to establish technologically.

Now this instantaneous follow-up vehicle hits this reference vehicle on, these actuators have, due to this system configuration inte FM-CW millimeter wave distance radar sensors "3", or by means of their specifically backward foresight all of their diverse Functions already applied, which is what with conventional collision Shock acceleration sensors as they are currently, for example would still be used to deploy the airbag, would not be feasible, with this specific distance radar impact / impact sensor mode the type and resolution described u. a. also for this airbag Sensors, especially for so-called soft airbags, provided that they are longer for time units expanded in this regard stay inflated.  

In Fig. 2, the internal / external switching function diagram of the predestined for this specific system configuration, electronic control unit is shown in the block diagram, the explanation of which is incorporated here.

This media, electronic control organ has - analogous to this Representation - via a microcomputer system with a microprocessor unit, which integrates the various mandatory electronic maps, as well as via a CPU arithmetic unit, a ROM read-only memory and one RAM operating data memory.

At the heart of this system-configurable electronic control unit The microprocessor unit with its own quartz crystal is advisable Clock supply predestined.

It contains all relevant data including the maps, as well as the programs for capturing the system configurative input Signal sizes: "E1; E3; E10 and E11" saved indelibly.

The data storage predestined for this is accordingly as "PROM" (Programmable Read Only Memory) executed.

For this purpose - analogous to the peripheral block diagram shown here - all relevant sensory measurement voltage input signals are analogous to those related to Sensor switching elements in Fig. 1 numerically congruently designated, here square-framed input switching symbols via module-external conductor tracks and module-internal pulse former and analog-digital converter switching stages, as well as transmitted by a pulse amplifier module predestined for the operating voltage.

The output control voltage signals to the respective system configurative Actuators: "W; 6; 12; 13 and 19" - analogous to this circuit diagram - individually modulated in specific control amplifier modules and definitely via the actuator tracks outside the module: "AW; A6; A12; A13 and A19 "selectively to these system-networked actuators modulated.

This module-internal microcomputer system accordingly has one defines a stabilized basic clock, in the time frame of which all for this system configuration specifically individualized rakes operations are applied algorithmically / logarithmically. This stabilized clock frequency modulates a specific one Quartz oscillator with 7.5 megahertz.

The electronic component product modules of these central based microcomputer control unit, the elements: metalli cal base plate; Thick film board; Capacitor chip as well Contact modules for the diverse relevant connection pins modulspe integrating / combining specifically with each other are relevant here their component coupling analogous to conventional electro African control switching devices for the automotive sector binary, so that they the functional applications of the integrated chips; Transistor and resistance switching elements etc. in one temperature range from -35 to + 55 ° C.

This control switch module should be in the automotive instrument panel area of the cockpit must be installed with vibration damping.

Claims (12)

1. Rear impact / impact damping and protection system of the front occupants of traffic-operated motor vehicles, characterized in that in driving operation when a follow-up vehicle approaches too quickly; from a speed difference of 35 km / h and a distance at which this following vehicle in braking / avoidance mode can no longer avert the collision / impact, even with the most favorable suspension tuning; The front seats of the relevant front vehicle are unlocked kinematically and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and are hydraulically damped kinematically, further characterized in that - if no people are seated on the rear bench seat - the rear bench seat, which can be pivoted axially and rotatably on the rear seat backrest, parallel to the related backrest is pivoted and after a specifically millisecond defined time delay with this seat back together along specific vertical guide elements as a protective barrier is kinematized internally in front of the rear window, even before that. Follower vehicle collides, further characterized in that for this purpose a mechanical roller blind installed above the rear window simultaneously kinematizes a specific metal foil along bilateral guideways parallel to the rear window and in this case completely internally splinter-kinemates-preventively before the related. Following vehicle collides, further characterized in that the hazard warning system of the Front vehicle is activated even before the Following vehicle collides and remains activated until it is deactivated manually in return. 2. Rear impact / impact damping and protection system of the front occupants of traffic-operated motor vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that vehicle-internally - as the central control element of this system - a characteristic field-supported microcomputer control unit ("2" - Fig. 1) acts, which the relevant input signals of the spec. Sensor switching elements: ("3;10;11" - Fig. 1 recorded, - processed in defined map-based computer programs and via the individualized output signal control output stages to the various actuators of this system ("4;5;6;10;12; 13 and 19 "- Fig. 1) transmitted specifically amplified. For these diverse control applications of this system software, the hardware of this control unit is specifically matched electronically switching components. 3. Rear impact / impact damping and protection system of the front occupants of traffic-operated motor vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that in the rear lur a radar sensor precisely installed parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rear radar sensor is installed and in driving operation continuously all within its potential detection range of 25 m approached objects sensitively detected and here their approach speeds determined and transmitted to the downstream microcomputer control unit by means of proportional measurement voltage pulses, further characterized in that the microcomputer control unit ("2" - Fig. 1) from a speed difference of 35 km / h to Follower vehicle and a reduced distance of 5.5 meters, the switching elements ("4;5;6;12; 13 and 19" - Fig. 1) system functionally animated, so that the same before the final impact / impact of this follower vehicle the hydraulically damped tired, longitudinal vehicle kinematic capability of the front seats - analogous to drawing field "A" Fig. 1 - controlled, - the rear seat with the related Backrest - according to the functional phases "1-2-3" in Fig. 1 - kinematized as a barrier in front of the rear window, - and the metal foil roller blind - analogous to drawing field "C" - Fig. 1 - kinematized quickly parallel to the rear window. 4. Rear impact / impact damping and protection system of the front occupants of traffic-operated motor vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that the centralized microcomputer control unit "2" before triggering a function in driving operation, a specifically capacitively balanced electrolytic storage capacitor ("4" - Fig . 1) holds at full storage capacity. 5. Rear impact / impact damping and protection system of the front occupants of traffic-operated motor vehicles according to claim 1 and 4, characterized in that when the function is triggered within a time unit of 5-10 seconds, a thyristor ("5" - Fig. 1) the electr . Storage capacity of the storage capacitor "4" to the driver / front passenger seat seat adjustment lever-unlocking thrust actuating units ("6" - Fig. 1) switches through, so that these seats integral within this time parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle - hydraulically damped - can be kinematized. 6. Rear impact / impact damping and protection system of the front occupants of traffic-operated motor vehicles according to claim 1, 4 and 5, characterized in that the two driver / passenger seat-seat adjustment locking lever-unlocking thrust adjusting units ("6" - Fig. 1) in function Trigger mechanically actuate the respectively assigned seat latch levers such that they unlock the present vehicle longitudinal axial seat latch displacement latch position - analogous to the direction of the arrow in FIG. 1 - for the duration of the capacitor discharge. 7. Rear impact / impact damping and protection system of the front occupants of traffic-operated motor vehicles according to claim 1, 4, 5 and 6, characterized in that the front seats of the passenger compartment on their frames each on a parallel to the longitudinal axis of the connecting rod, which is kinematic to the underbody static connected, specifically damping effect kenden hydraulic cylinders ("9" - Fig. 1) are articulated, with which they are damped hydraulically and spring-specifically when the function-trigger-relevant unlocking of the respective seat locking mechanism in the event of a collision with the approached rear vehicle, provided that the rear bench seat is not loaded with people . 8. Rear impact / impact damping and protection system of the front occupants of traffic-operated motor vehicles according to claim 1 and 7, characterized in that all potential seats of the rear bench seat via separate seat load sensors ("10" - Fig. 1), and by means of specifically in the passenger compartment -Fond positioned double element type infrared monitoring sensors ("11" - Fig. 1); which are pyroelectrically calibrated in such a way that they can distinguish object objects positioned on the rear bench seat from personal objects; the rear seats are continuously sensed for potentially placed people while driving. 9. Further characterized in that, in the case of this bivalent fund seat load / fund seat occupancy sensor mode, the centralized microcomputer control unit ("2" - FIG. 1) detects the system-configurative function triggering mode of the relevant actuators ("4;5;6;10; 12 and 13 "- Fig. 1) permanently latentized in fondale collision, but allows the metal foil kinemation actuator" 19 "to function, so that at least no impact kinematic splinters etc. can penetrate through the rear window into the passenger compartment. 10. Rear impact / impact damping and protection system of the front occupants of traffic-operated motor vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that when the function is triggered, the centralized microcomputer control unit ("2" - Fig. 1) with a specifically-millisecondly-defined advance via under Rear bench seat installed, pyrotechnically functioning lifting cylinder units ("12") - analogous to functional phase "2" - Fig. 1 - the rear of the rear bench seat axially pivoted pivotally parallel to the related. The backrest swivels where it is definitely locked statically in this folding position by means of specific (ball) locking elements. 11. Rear impact / impact damping and protection system of the front occupants of traffic-operated motor vehicles according to claim 1 and 10, characterized in that when the function is triggered, the centralized microcomputer control unit ("2" - Fig. 1) with a specifically-millisecondly defined lag via Under the rear bench seat backrest vertical axis installed, pyrotechnically functioning lifting cylinder units ("13" - Fig. 1) - analogous to functional phase "3" - Fig. 1 - the flat rear seat elements along specific vertical guide elements as an internal-rear protective barrier vertically in front of the rear window can be kinematized, where they are definitely locked by means of specific (ball) locking elements on the roof frame, until they can be manually unlocked again. 12. Rear impact / impact damping and protection system of the front occupants of traffic-operated motor vehicles according to claim 1 and 8, characterized in that when the function is triggered, the centralized microcomputer control unit ("2" - Fig. 1) - analog character field "C" - Fig . 1 - simultaneously (seats in personnel occupied rear) to the rear seat-folding and lifting mode or separately a specifically designed electromagnetic Entriegelungsaktor ( "19" - Fig. 1), feature animated which in this case via the individualized trans mission elements ( "18, 20 - Fig. 1) an installed above / below the rear window tes, spring rate specific biased metal foil roller blind, which then tracks along bilateral guide ("21" - Fig. 1) benfläche directly on the internal rear window - the same completely overlapping - linear cut out and stays cut out until it is manually rolled up again.