DE19647935B4 - Electric interior heating for caravans - Google Patents
Electric interior heating for caravans Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE19647935B4 DE19647935B4 DE19647935A DE19647935A DE19647935B4 DE 19647935 B4 DE19647935 B4 DE 19647935B4 DE 19647935 A DE19647935 A DE 19647935A DE 19647935 A DE19647935 A DE 19647935A DE 19647935 B4 DE19647935 B4 DE 19647935B4
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- heating
- layer
- resistance heating
- foam
- interior heating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
- B60H1/2225—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters arrangements of electric heaters for heating air
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
- B60H1/2227—Electric heaters incorporated in vehicle trim components, e.g. panels or linings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
- B61D27/0036—Means for heating only
- B61D27/0045—Electric heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D13/00—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
- B64D13/06—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being conditioned
- B64D13/08—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being conditioned the air being heated or cooled
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
- B60H2001/2268—Constructional features
- B60H2001/2293—Integration into other parts of a vehicle
Abstract
Elektrische Innenraumheizung für Wohnwagen (1), Caravan, fahrbare Unterkünfte wie Wohncontainer, Fahrzeugräume für Reisende oder Fracht in Motorfahrzeugen, Passagierabteile oder Kabinen in Schienenfahrzeugen, Wasserfahrzeugen oder Luftfahrzeugen, mit einer Widerstandsheizung als Wärmequelle, die wahlweise über eine Steckverbindung an die Steckdose eines ortsfesten Netzes oder an eine Bordnetzspannung anschließbar ist, gekennzeichnet durch eine großflächige, die raumumschließenden Innenwände bedeckende Widerstandsheizung oder durch Wand-, Decken- oder Fußbodenteile zum Verkleiden der Innenflächen, die jeweils als Widerstandsheizelement (15) eine elektrisch leitfähige Heizschicht (14) aufweisen, die eine Heizleistung von 50 bis 200 W/m2 besitzt und wahlweise mit einem Bordnetz oder über eine Steckverbindung an die Steckdose eines Transformators (8) eines ortsfesten Netzes mit einer Ausgangsspannung von 12-50 V oder Schutzkleinspannung anschließbar ist, wobei die Widerstandsheizung in Verbundbauweise mindestens eine aus einem Kunststoffschaum bestehende Wärmedämmschicht sowie auf der Innenseite eine aufkaschierte elektrisch isolierende Trägerschicht (23) erhöhter Festigkeit aufweist, welche mit der durch Strom aufheizbaren, mit Stromzuführungselektroden (13) versehene Heizschicht...Electric interior heating for caravans (1), caravans, mobile accommodation such as living containers, passenger compartments for travelers or freight in motor vehicles, passenger compartments or cabins in rail vehicles, vessels or aircraft, with resistance heating as heat source, optionally via a plug connection to the socket of a fixed network or to a vehicle electrical system voltage is connected, characterized by a large, the raumumschließenden inner walls covering resistance heating or by wall, ceiling or floor parts for lining the inner surfaces, each having as resistance heating element (15) an electrically conductive heating layer (14) having a heating power from 50 to 200 W / m 2 and optionally with an electrical system or via a plug connection to the socket of a transformer (8) of a stationary network with an output voltage of 12-50 V or safety extra-low voltage can be connected, the Widersta In composite construction, at least one of a plastic foam thermal insulation layer and on the inside a laminated electrically insulating support layer (23) increased strength, which with the heatable by electricity, with power supply electrodes (13) provided heating layer ...
Description
Elektrische Innenraumheizung für Wohnwagen, Caravan, fahrbare Unterkünfte wie Wohncontainer, Fahrzeugräume für Reisende oder Fracht in Motorfahrzeugen, Passagierabteile oder Kabinen in Schienenfahrzeugen, Wasserfahrzeugen oder Luftfahrzeugen, mit einer Widerstandsheizung als Wärmequelle, die wahlweise über eine Steckverbindung an die Steckdose eines ortsfesten Netzes oder an eine Bordnetzspannung anschließbar ist.electrical Interior heating for Caravans, caravans, mobile accommodations such as living containers, vehicle spaces for travelers or freight in motor vehicles, passenger compartments or cabins in rail vehicles, Watercraft or aircraft, with resistance heating as a heat source, the optional over a plug connection to the socket of a fixed network or can be connected to a vehicle electrical system voltage.
Das Beheizen von Kraftfahrzeugen im allgemeinen und von fahrbaren Innenräumen der eingangs genannten Art im besonderen ist bisher auf Heizungsanlagen begrenzt, die mit flüssigen oder gasförmigen Brennstoffen betreibbar sind, wobei die durch Verbrennung entstehende Wärme oder die Abwärme von Verbrennungsmotoren durch Wärmetauscher auf einen Luftstrom übertragen und in den Innenraum eines Fahrzeuges, Wohnwagen oder dergleichen geleitet werden muss. Bei einem Kraftfahrzeug zum Beispiel ist ein effektiver Heizbetrieb durch Nutzung der Abwärme nur möglich, wenn der Motor bei einem Kaltstart bereits eine bestimmte Zeit gelaufen ist. Wenn nicht werden mit Diesel oder Benzin betreibbare Zusatzheizungen eingesetzt, deren Abgase die Umwelt belasten und den Abgasvorschriften entsprechen müssen.The Heating of motor vehicles in general and of mobile interiors of the The type mentioned in particular is so far on heating systems limited with liquid or gaseous Fuels are operable, wherein the resulting by combustion Heat or the waste heat of internal combustion engines through heat exchangers transferred to an air stream and in the interior of a vehicle, caravan or the like must be directed. In a motor vehicle, for example, is a effective heating operation by using the waste heat only possible if the engine at a Cold start has already run a certain amount of time. If not used with diesel or gasoline operated auxiliary heaters whose Exhaust gases pollute the environment and comply with emissions regulations have to.
Des
Weiteren ist eine derartige motorunabhängig betriebene Fahrzeugheizungsanlage,
wie in der
Diese Nachteile können bei einer elektrischen Heizung nicht auftreten, bei welcher eine Gefährdung durch Gase der sich im Innenraum aufhaltenden Personen ausgeschlossen ist. In gleicher Weise gilt das für ein aus flächenförmig nebeneinander liegenden Heizungsrohren gebildetes Heizungssystem zum Beheizen eines Transportfahrzeuges für lebende Küken, bei dem in den Heizungsrohren eine in einem Wärmetauscher erhitzte Heizflüssigkeit zirkuliert.These Disadvantages can in an electric heater does not occur, in which a endangering excluded by gases of persons staying in the interior is. In the same way, this applies to a surface-shaped side by side lying heating pipes formed heating system for heating a transport vehicle for living Chick, in which in the heating pipes heated in a heat exchanger heating fluid circulated.
Diese
Innenraumheizung gemäß
Mit
den bekannten elektrischen Widerstandsheizungen zum Erwärmen eines
Luftstromes konnte das Beheizen von fahrbaren Innenräumen bisher
nicht zufriedenstellend gelöst
werden, weil der durch die Batterie oder den Bordnetzstrom zur Verfügung stehende
Energievorrat es verbietet, bei ungünstigen klimatischen Verhältnissen
oder im Winter eine elektrische Heizung zu betreiben. Elektrische Heizeinrichtungen
sind daher auf wenige Ausnahmen und eine spezielle Verwendung beschränkt. In der
Um
beispielsweise die Beheizung einer Fahrerkabine bei einer Zugmaschine
zu gewährleisten,
ist eine weit größere Heizleistung
erforderlich, die in der
Um
bei einem Stillstand des Kraftfahrzeuges eine elektrische Beheizung
zu gewährleisten,
wurde in der
Aus
der
Die
Um
den technischen Aufwand für
das Beheizen der Nebenverbraucher aus unterschiedlichen Betriebsspannungen
zu vermindern und die Nebenverbraucher einzeln schaltbar und steuerbar
zu machen, wird durch die
Für die Stromversorgungsanlage
für Personenkraftwagen,
mit einer Batterie sowie einem durch eine Brennkraftmaschine antreibbaren
elektrischen Generator, die das Bordnetz versorgen, ist mit der
Die
Um eine elektrische Innenraumleistung der eingangs genannten Art zu verbessern, bezweckt die Erfindung eine elektrische Widerstandsheizung als Wärmequelle, die einen geringen Energieverbrauch aufweist und wahlweise über eine Steckverbindung an die Steckdose eines ortsfesten Netzes oder an die Bordnetzspannung anschließbar ist, um den Innenraum eines Wohnwagens, Caravan oder dergleichen zu jeder Jahreszeit zu beheizen.Around an electrical interior performance of the type mentioned above To improve, the invention aims an electrical resistance heater as a heat source, which has a low energy consumption and optionally via a Plug connection to the socket of a fixed network or on the vehicle electrical system voltage can be connected is to the interior of a caravan, caravan or the like too to heat every season.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe bei einem Wohnwagen, Caravan oder dergleichen durch eine großflächige, die raumumschließenden Innenwände bedeckende Widerstandsheizung, beziehungsweise durch Wand-, Decken- oder Fußbodenteile zum Verkleiden der Innenflächen gelöst, die als Widerstandsheizelement mit einer elektrisch leitfähigen Heizschicht ausgebildet sind. Die großflächige Widerstandsheizung verhindert die bei geringer Höhe des Wohnwagens sehr nachteilige Wärmeschichtung, die bei herkömmlichen Heizungen mit Gas zum Beispiel zu verzeichnen ist. Infolge der ungleichmäßigen Wärmeverteilung entstehen große Energieverluste, die durch eine überdimensionierte Heizleistung ausgeglichen werden. Demgegenüber beträgt die Heizleistung der vorgeschlagenen Widerstandsheizung 50 bis 200 W/m2, die wahlweise durch ein Bordnetz oder einen Transformator aus einem ortsfesten Netz mit einer Ausgangsspannung von 12-50 V oder Schutzkleinspannung zur Verfügung gestellt werden kann. Dadurch wird erstmalig eine wirtschaftliche Beheizung eines Wohnwagens mit elektrischem Strom ermöglicht.According to the invention the object is achieved in a caravan, caravan or the like by a large, the raumumschließenden inner walls covering resistance heating, or by wall, ceiling or floor parts for dressing the inner surfaces, which are designed as a resistance heating element with an electrically conductive heating layer. The large area Resistance heating prevents at very low height of the caravan very disadvantageous thermal stratification, which is recorded in conventional heaters with gas, for example. Due to the uneven heat distribution, large energy losses occur, which are compensated by an oversized heating power. In contrast, the heating power of the proposed resistance heating 50 to 200 W / m 2 , which can be provided either by an electrical system or a transformer from a stationary network with an output voltage of 12-50 V or safety extra-low voltage available. As a result, an economical heating of a caravan with electric power is made possible for the first time.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist die Widerstandsheizung in Verbundbauweise mindestens eine aus einem Kunststoffschaum bestehende Wärmedämmschicht sowie auf der Innenseite eine aufkaschierte elektrisch isolierende Trägerschicht erhöhter Festigkeit auf, welche mit der durch Strom aufheizbaren, mit Stromzuführungselektroden versehenen Heizschicht beschichtet ist. Des weiteren besteht die Heizschicht aus einem Gemisch aus mit einem aushärtbaren Bindemittel wie Wasserglas versetzten Kohlenstoff, Graphitteilchen und/oder Kohlenstoffasern, wodurch die elektrische Widerstandsheizung äußerst kostengünstig bei einem konstruktiv geringen Aufwand ausführbar ist.To A preferred embodiment of the invention comprises the resistance heating in composite construction at least one existing of a plastic foam thermal barrier and on the inside a laminated electrically insulating backing increased Strength, which with the heatable by electricity, with power supply electrodes provided heating layer is coated. Furthermore, there is the heating layer from a mixture of offset with a curable binder such as water glass Carbon, graphite particles and / or carbon fibers, thereby the electrical resistance heating at a very low cost a structurally small effort is executable.
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß die Trägerschicht für die Heizschicht eine anorganische hydraulische, insbesondere zementhaltige Bindemittelzusammensetzung mit einer Faserverstärkung, vorzugsweise Glasfasern, aufweist, die beim feuchten Auftragen in die Oberfläche der Schaumstruktur der Wärmedämmschicht eindringen kann und nach dem Aushärten fest mit der Wärmedämmschicht zusammengefügt ist. Auf diese Weise kann die Haltbarkeit der Widerstandsheizung über die gesamte Dauer der Nutzung des Wohnwagens gewährleistet werden. Die daraus resultierenden Vorteile sowie weitere Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind aus dem nachfolgenden Ausführungsbeispiel und den Unteransprüchen erkennbar.To a further preferred embodiment of the invention is provided that the backing for the Heating layer an inorganic hydraulic, especially cementitious Binder composition having a fiber reinforcement, preferably glass fibers, which, when wet on the surface of the Foam structure of the thermal barrier coating can penetrate and after curing firmly with the thermal barrier coating together is. In this way, the durability of the resistance heating over the entire duration of use of the caravan. The result resulting advantages and other embodiments of the invention are from the following embodiment and the dependent claims recognizable.
In den zu dem Ausführungsbeispiel gehörenden Zeichnungen zeigtIn to the embodiment belonging Drawings shows
In
Ein
zum Heizen eines Wohnwagens
Zum
Kaschieren der Schaumstoffplatte
Bei
einem Wohnwagen
Auf
die zwischen den beiden parallel beabstandeten Stromzuführungselektroden
Die
Variation der Mischungsverhältnisse
sollte jedoch nicht über
einen Anteil von 3 : 1 hinausgehen, weil durch einen höheren Graphitanteil
das Auftragen unnötig
erschwert wird und letztendlich der zwischen den beiden Stromzuführungselektroden
Unmittelbar
nach dem Auftragen trocknet die Heizschicht
Um
den Wohnwagen
Beim
Auftragen der Heizschicht
Nach
Fertigstellung der Heizschicht
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19647935A DE19647935C5 (en) | 1996-11-20 | 1996-11-20 | Electric interior heating for caravans |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19647935A DE19647935C5 (en) | 1996-11-20 | 1996-11-20 | Electric interior heating for caravans |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE19647935A1 DE19647935A1 (en) | 1998-05-28 |
DE19647935B4 true DE19647935B4 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
DE19647935C5 DE19647935C5 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
Family
ID=7812183
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19647935A Expired - Fee Related DE19647935C5 (en) | 1996-11-20 | 1996-11-20 | Electric interior heating for caravans |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE19647935C5 (en) |
Cited By (6)
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DE102008050669A1 (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2010-04-01 | Ostmann, Daniel | Flat heater with a flat support, a layer of electrically conducting fibres and contact points for applied voltage, used, e.g. as heating tape for ceilings, walls and floors, for heating containers or for deicing |
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Cited By (7)
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DE102006012647A1 (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2007-09-27 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Heating system for surface heating integrated in cabin component of aircraft, has heating layer and pre-impregnated layer from high-impedance pre-impregnated material |
DE102006012647B4 (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2008-01-31 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Heating system and component with such a heating system |
DE102008012292A1 (en) * | 2008-02-16 | 2009-08-27 | Grünenwald, Andreas | Composite installation system for direct heating systems, has construction carrier with recess for receiving heat/energy carrier |
DE102008050669A1 (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2010-04-01 | Ostmann, Daniel | Flat heater with a flat support, a layer of electrically conducting fibres and contact points for applied voltage, used, e.g. as heating tape for ceilings, walls and floors, for heating containers or for deicing |
WO2016134705A1 (en) | 2015-02-26 | 2016-09-01 | Dynamic Solar Systems Ag | Room temperature method for the production of electrotechnical thin layers, the use of same, and a thin layer heating system obtained in this manner |
CN104787125A (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2015-07-22 | 洛阳双瑞橡塑科技有限公司 | Fiber-reinforced polyurethane foam automobile floor |
US11698197B2 (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2023-07-11 | Future Carbon Gmbh | Heating paint, surface heating device, and kit for producing a surface heating device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE19647935A1 (en) | 1998-05-28 |
DE19647935C5 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
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