DE102004001824A1 - Heating element with a sandwich structure comprises cover layers, heat conductive composite layers with covering metal foils, a piping system and a reinforcing grid - Google Patents

Abstract

The heating element with a sandwich structure comprises cover layers (1, 1a), heat conductive composite layers (3, 5) with covering metal foils (2, 2a), a piping system (3a) and a reinforcing grid (4).

Description

The invention relates to a heating element in sandwich construction for Hot water heaters with primarily low flow temperatures.

Against the background of increasing Energy costs and increased comfort and aesthetic demands in recent years, the interest in large-scale, light, easy-to-assemble Niedertemperaturheizflächen and radiant heaters for increasingly well-insulated residential, social and industrial buildings, but also for large vehicles gone up.

Standard radiator offers are sick of the high because of their steel or cast iron design

Weight per unit area, immovable installation, high welding effort in production as well as on-site assembly work and thus high manufacturing and assembly costs. Show well-known heating walls and heating panels in sandwich construction Moreover nor the lack of poor heat transfers between the layers as well as poor thermal conductivity of the panels (often plasterboard) yourself on.

Solutions characterizing this state of the art are described in the following property rights:
The wall heating of the DE 41 32 870 C2 consists of two plasterboard panels with circumferential spacers. A heating conductor (copper tube meander) is inserted in the resulting space, which has only slight direct contact with the adjacent plates.

In the DE 197 09 739 A1 describes a heatable plate body with the layer sequence: front glass plate, heating cables enclosed in spacer frames. The uniform heat distribution takes place via air, heat radiation and little direct thermal contact of the heating cables to adjacent layers / plates.

Subject of DE 19810 710 C2 is a plate-like composite material for heat storage with a labor-intensive wall structure: fiber base material with embedded latent heat storage material with metal strip fibers made of aluminum, copper or steel oriented perpendicular to the surface.

In the DE 196 01 590 A1 describes a multi-layered radiator element in which a complexly adapted base plate with receptacles for the pipe system and an additional heat transfer element ensure the thermal contact of the pipe elements with the cover plate.

The surface heating of the DE 42 07 330 A1 for wall and floor is designed as a sandwich heat exchanger for low flow temperatures. The radiator is laboriously assembled on site from several sheets: a load-bearing front wall (sheet metal) as a heat exchanger and a rear wall made of film with an insulating layer that forms longitudinal and transverse channels with the front sheet.

Subject of EP 96 108 128 is a heating plate with a cover plate made of transparent material and a base plate. In between there is an adjacent heating conductor with a heat gradient between the spaced heating conductor tracks.

To DE 31 14 306 A1 the low-temperature hot water radiant heating system with a spiral pipe register made up of individual lengths that are laboriously connectable on site with pipe couplings is housed in a supporting wall panel.

Out DE 35 00 880 A1 is a partially prefabricated surface heating element as a composite panel made of plasterboard with problematic heat transfer and finish assembly on site.

The layered structures or composite solutions with plasterboard are made in DE 196 36 944 described. A typical solution with high individual component outlay in prefabrication and the use of heavy materials such as plaster or concrete mixes as heat transfer is also used in the DE 44 42 786 shown.

In the DE 42 41 169 A1 describes an elaborate heated cladding for concrete walls, consisting of sections of profiled wooden boards divided into tabular assemblies, in which heating conductors are installed.

The EP 0 785 403 A1 goes further and describes a composite solution of heat-storing materials (calcium carbonate, quartz), barium sulfate and recycled granulate with polyester or epoxy resin or polyurethane. But even with this solution, there is no intensive heat flow contact of the heating conductor with the front element, in particular the plastic binders are not optimized for heat conduction.

Light and technologically simple sandwich solutions to be manufactured offer an alternative. For the well-known sandwich solutions is an attached or joined together Typical layer structure, consisting of two panels with all-round Spacers, where a pipe system is fitted in the resulting space usually only a slight direct heat flow contact to adjacent layers has.

For the construction of heating walls are so far unused on efficient heat conduction and storage optimized plastic composites.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a heating element that is effective Heat flow from the heat-carrying Medium on the heat-storing and heat radiating elements of the heating element, has a high efficiency in operation, for the Users a light, transport-optimal and easy to assemble Local solution represents high design standards enough and big design possibilities owns and enables a variable interior design.

The object is achieved by a tightly potted, integrated sandwich panel according to the in the protection claims mentioned features solved.

The heating element according to the invention consists of an easy-to-use sandwich module consisting of several functional ones Layers, of which at least one layer as one with different Components filled Plastic composite layer executed is in which the heat medium premier Pipe system is poured.

It has been found that with thermally conductive Materials filled small to microcellular rigid polyurethane foam an optimal solution for the heat conducting layer in a special material composite and layer structure. The heat conduction in the porous / cellular plastic composite takes place via the ones embedded in the cell walls or integrated heat-conducting Particle.

This was done using a procedure and adapted mixing and dosing materials, preferably Russian, Graphite, aluminum powder, aluminum oxides, iron, silicate particles et al as well as known flame retardants such as sodium carbonate, Aluminum, magnesium hydroxide etc. in powder form individually and in Mix in a volume fraction of 10 to 80% in the organic Polyurethane components (polyols and isocyanates) mixed in and foamed. According to the invention there were mixed materials with a grain size spectrum from 10 to 200 μm related.

The heating element production leads to ready-to-assemble Modules and takes place through a technologically continuous pouring and foaming process.

Depending on the temperature control of the Heat transfer medium can the module according to the invention as a heating but also as a cooling element be used.

The drawing shows the layered building of the heating element according to the invention in sandwich construction.

Mean

1a and 1b

finish surfaces

2a and 2b

Metal foil layer

3a and 3b

thermally conductive Kunststoffkompositschicht

4

Pipe- or hose system

5

reinforcement with attachment points

6

thermal barrier

The integrated sandwich composite structure for a flat radiator begins and ends e.g. B. with a polyurethane color top layer as the finish surface ( 1a . 1b ), the adjacent heat conducting layers ( 3a . 3b ) made of a fine-celled plastic composite filled with heat-conducting materials, to which at least one metal foil layer realizes the rapid heat compensation ( 2a and 2 B ) connects. In the composite layer ( 3a ) is a pipe system ( 4 ), preferably a plastic capillary tube mat made of polypropylene and a reinforcement ( 5 ) cast in with fasteners.

The reinforcement ( 5 ) is preferably designed as a grid made of steel wire, plastic and / or profile material made of metal or plastic with fastening points. If necessary, suspension or threaded elements are welded onto the attachment points.

The thermal barrier coating ( 6 ) is optional for the embodiment of the ceiling heater instead of the layers ( 3b ) and ( 1b ) used as a contact layer on the cold / uninsulated outer walls.

For the structural design of the panel is a sandwich construction according to the invention chosen Service.

It allows the manufacture of light transportable, ready-to-assemble modules that can be assembled or to large areas via simple hose connections can be coupled.

The stable sandwich structure and that relatively low weight allow preferably using heating walls a length from 500 to 2200 mm, a width from 900 mm to 1500 mm to manufacture a construction depth of 10 mm to 30 mm, namely as a single surface or as a multi-module.

The plastic foam embedding ( 3a ) the capillary tube mat ( 4 ) also represents sound insulation on all sides against flow noise.

The rigid polyurethane foam used is recyclable and does not produce toxic fumes when heated. It is up to 98% from closed micro-cells / pores containing non-flammable gas filled are.

The cell walls are preferred with flame retardants Sodium carbonate, barium sulfate and / or aluminum hydroxide.

The heating elements according to the invention are Spotlight panels in the form of radiators or heating walls from any size can be used. The Take over heating elements in living and social rooms in addition to the heating function also a room design function as Partition wall or room divider and as heating furniture (heated seating, heated Bathtub, bathtub cladding, etc.). Use as a wall or ceiling heating is either installed directly on the Shell or existing ceiling or on the interior wall / drywall. or as a suspended Ceiling realized.

In the version as a ceiling or wall heater flexible plastic capillary tube mats are preferred. Your flexibility allows in addition to the production of even planar surface elements.

Claims (11)

Heating element in the form of an integrated sandwich composite structure, characterized in that the layer structure with a top layer as the finish surface ( 1a and 1b ) begins, followed by adjacent heat-conducting plastic composite layers filled with various materials ( 3a and 3b ), with one of the composite layers ( 3a ) a pipe system ( 4 ) and a reinforcement ( 5 ) cast in with fasteners and the metal foil layers (which achieve rapid heat compensation) 2a and 2 B ) are embedded and optionally with a thermal insulation layer ( 6 ) contains. Heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipe elements of the pipe system ( 4 ) in direct, thermal connection with the plastic composite material ( 3a ) are located. Heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal foil layers ( 2a and 2 B ) in direct thermal adhesive contact with both the pipe system ( 4 ) and the plastic composite layers ( 3a and 3b ) are and are preferably designed as a film made of aluminum. Heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that the composite layers ( 3a and 3b ) made of plastic filled with heat-conducting materials (plastic composite), which is preferably designed as a filled fine to microcellular rigid polyurethane foam. Heating element according to claims 2 or 4, characterized in that the filler components of the plastic composite layers ( 3a and 3b ) are preferably carbon blacks, metal powders, conductive graphites, silicate granules or their mixtures with a degree of filling spectrum of 10% to 88% and a grain size spectrum of 20 μm to 300 μm. Heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipe system ( 4 ) is designed as a capillary tube mat or coil system and consists of metal or plastic. Heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that the finish surface ( 1a and 1b ) is designed as a silicatic, colorable top layer, a natural stone slab, a plastic, wood or metal foil, a textile or glass fiber fabric layer and preferably as a colored polyurethane spray paint. Heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal barrier coating ( 6 ) for special embodiments (wall, ceiling and baseboard heating) and the plastic foam is preferably designed as a filled or unfilled rigid polyurethane foam and / or polystyrene foam. Heating element according to claim 8, characterized in that the plastic foam of the thermal insulation layer ( 6 ) is formed in a thickness of 2 to 100 mm. Heating element according to claims 4 or 8, characterized in that the closed cells / pores of the rigid polyurethane foam have a microcell structure and are filled with non-flammable gas as well as the cell walls in addition to the heat-conducting infill also with flame retardants, preferably sodium carbonate, magnesium and / or Aluminum hydroxide and noise insulation filled like barium sulfate are. Heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating element as a flat radiator, heating wall, ceiling heater, mobile partition, heating furniture, or baseboard heating is trained.