DE1703347A1 - Hydrostatic axial piston machine - Google Patents

Description

Mannesmann-Meer AG, Munchengladbaeh, Ohlerkirchweg 11

"Hydrostatic Axial Piston Machine"

The invention relates to a hydrostatic axial piston machine with a rotationally symmetrical arrangement in a cylinder drum Cylinders and a control block supporting the cylinder drum in the axial direction, which is a spherical or flat Control plate has, in which recesses, so-called control kidneys are provided, which the flow of the operating fluid, e.g. oil, taxes and in the further relief field in Shape of lubrication pockets are arranged in ttie lubricating fluid is initiated to avoid friction between the cylinder drum and the control plate of the control block to prevent.

The object of the invention is the complete relief, lubrication and cooling of the control plate in all operating

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Ί Documents (Art. 7 5 1 Para. ■ ?. No. 1 Clause 3 of the Amendment «. V. 4. a. 1987)

ORIGINAL INSPECTED

states, i.e. all speeds and pressures, in both directions of rotation, also with intermittent or pulsating loads and with counter pressure from the discharge or suction and low pressure side.

This task is desired by a device for metering the amount of lubricating oil supplied to the relief fields at least proportional to the relative speed between cylinder drum and control plate.

The metering device for the lubricant can be divided into parts the axial piston machine, but it can also be arranged outside of the same.

The lubricant for the relief fields is either in one special liquid reservoir arranged through lines is connected to the metering device, or it is through a line from the high pressure operating fluid branched off.

The metering device can be designed in the most varied of ways. Basically it is a positive displacement pump. One embodiment is a piston pump with a constant stroke and one that is proportional to the speed of the axial piston machine slip-free drive. The pistons of the piston pump are here arranged in the control block and a swash plate intended to drive the pistons in the cylinder drum. In the case of an arrangement outside of the axial piston machine

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The displacement pump has at least two separate hydraulic fluids flows on.

A particular embodiment is, through, one between two End stops freely reciprocating piston, which is arranged in a bore in the control block on each side outside the end positions of the piston with one channel each, which opens in the area of the opening of the working cylinder on the control plate and with one channel each, which in the area the relief fields open at the control plate, is connected.

The end stops of this piston are adjustable to regulate the stroke of the piston.

With regard to the formation of the relief fields, which are connected to the metering device, it is characteristic that they are mounted on the outer periphery of the control plate in such a way that they are on the high-pressure and low-pressure sides each occupy a quarter of the circumference of the wing of the control plate.

The relief fields on the high pressure side and the relief fields on the low-pressure side are each fed by a special metering device.

The relief fields on the high pressure and on the low pressure side each consist of two or more partial relief fields. Each partial relief field can be assigned a special one Dosing device connected.

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The drawings described below serve to explain the concept of the invention and the exemplary embodiments. It shows:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through an axial piston machine
previously common design;

Fig. 2 a coinciding with the control plate surface Cross section through the machine according to Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section through an axial piston machine

according to the invention with two axial pistons in the control block;

Fig. 4 a coinciding with the control mirror surface Cross section through the machine according to Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 shows another longitudinal section through the machine according to Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 shows a cross-section similar to Fig. 4 of a machine with four instead of two axial pistons in the control block is equipped;

Fig. 7 shows a longitudinal section through another axial piston machine according to the invention with a metering device in the control block;

Fig. 8 a coinciding with the control plate surface Cross section through the machine according to Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 another longitudinal section through the machine according to Fig. 7?

Fig. 10 shows a partial longitudinal section similar to Fig. 7 with a different arrangement of the connecting channels.
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The axial piston machine according to Figure 1 and Figure 2 has a rotating cylinder drum 1 with, for example, seven Cylinder bores 2 evenly distributed over the circumference for receiving the working pistons arranged in the axial direction 3, each via an articulated piston rod 4 are connected to a drive pulley 6 attached to the shaft 5. A rotary movement of the shaft creates a stroke movement the working piston as soon as the cylinder drum has been pivoted a certain amount from its central position. the The cylinder drum is supported in the axial direction against a cylinder that is stationary with respect to the rotating cylinder drum Control block 7, which has a spherical control plate 8 ο Pure the supply and discharge of the through pressure or suction stroke the working piston moving fluid flow in the cylinder drum and channels in the control block that meet at the control plate

The cylinder orifice bores 9, which emanate from the working cylinders and are directed obliquely inward, meet two symmetrical ones kidney-shaped depressions arranged in the mirror of the control block 10, 11, of which one 10 with the high pressure (HD) line 12, the other 11 with the low pressure (HD) line 13 is connected.

To avoid wear and tear and to build up a The film of lubricant on the control plate is taken directly from

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Lubricant provided from the high pressure. Tone of HD control kidney 10, the lubricating fluid passes through bores 14 under the cylinder drum 1 this is short-circuited with the circumferential throttle groove 16. Each time a quantity of liquid passes through the throttle groove 16 in the lubrication pockets 17 and builds over this and them surrounding sealing surfaces on a hydrostatic relief.

The relief on the control table must be so great that the Residual forces from the pressure of the cylinder drum against the control plate are absorbed. Tone of setting the Cross-section and the accuracy of the production of the circumferential throttle groove 16 depends on the reliability of the function of the hydraulic drive · The flow rate through A throttle is dependent on the viscosity, and thus the tone Pressure and temperature of the liquid · The flow rate must therefore only be correctly dimensioned for one operating condition, which results in great uncertainty for other operating conditions can lead to damage; If the flow rate is too high, this can lead to the so-called folding down of the cylinder drum from the control panel.

In the machine according to Figures 3, 4 and 5, the one embodiment of the axial piston machine according to the invention

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represent,) the relief of the control level 8a takes place independently of the pressure of the working medium by an auxiliary fluid or relief fluid supplied proportionally to the speed of the axial piston machine or the cylinder drum 1a via auxiliary pumps. In the present exemplary embodiment, the discharge fluid arrives from a fluid reservoir via positive displacement pumps with an invariable stroke to the reliefs in the control mirror cylinder bore 22, 23 arranged in the axial direction in the control block 7a and a piston 24 »25 sliding therein Pistons 24, 25 are the same, so that the same quantities are delivered. It would be possible without difficulty to provide a larger diameter and a larger bore for the piston on the high pressure side so that the delivery rate for the high pressure side is correspondingly larger. In the suction lines 22 * and 23 ″ to the liquid reservoir J to the two cylinder bores 22, 23 there are check valves 27, 28. The pressure lines 29, 30 emanating from the cylinder bores 22, 23 open between the relief sub-fields arranged on each control side in the control mirror Also in the pressure lines 29, 30 are check valves 31,

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intended.

The sntlastuzifBfelder on the HD and HD sides are arranged symmetrically to the HA ctL se and to the YY-A ch β e. The two relief subfields 18, 19 on the high pressure side have the same shape and G-rtfSe as the two relief subfields 2O ₉ 21 on the high pressure side. The relief B subfields on the same control side are each connected by a short hat 33 or 34, into which the associated pressure line 29 or 30 of the auxiliary pumps opens.

The execution example according to Figure 6 differs from the machine according to Figures 3, 4 and 5 through four auxiliary pistons 24a, 24b, 25a and 25b instead of just two auxiliary pistons 24 »25 ο each auxiliary piston supplies one of the independent relief B sub-fields 18a, 19a, 20a and 21a. With this arrangement it is possible to correspond to the relief sub-fields on one and the same control side Sizing the auxiliary piston a different amount of relief fluid to be added.

The machine shown in Figures 7 »8 and 9 contains a metering device that gives the discharge fields a speed-proportional amount of relief fluid that is branched off from the working medium under high pressure, allocates * When the cylinder drum 1b rotates, the Muzzle bore 9c of the cylinder 2c one in the neutral area,

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so between the control kidneys 10c, 11c on the XX axis im Control plate 8c of the control block 7c opening hole 38 or 39. The bores 38 and 39 lead to a cylinder bore 36 arranged transversely in the control block 7o, in which a Free piston 35 between two adjustable stroke limiting Stops 37a and 37b is displaceably mounted · During the short overlap time of the bore 9c and 38 HP liquid reaches the free piston 35 and moves this up to the stop 37a. The free piston pushes an amount of liquid corresponding to its stroke and its cross section in front of it and conveys it into a channel 40 which between the relief partial fields 18c and 19c on the control plate empties · Sin flying off the liquid over the bore 39 is not possible because this is due to the odd number of working cylinders 2c during the over the channel 38 subsequent application of the free piston on the control plate is closed by the cylinder drum 1b

Connect cells 42a, 42b arranged in the cylinder drum briefly the channel 40, which opens at the control plate, with the relief part fields 18c and 19c or with one of these the groove 43 connecting the two relief fields, so there is each stroke of the free piston is one of the pressure of the working medium independent amount of fluid alternately in. the relief fields the HP or LP control side is required. The in the The discharge fluid required must be overflowed

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the sealing ridges that surround the relief fields flow away. The part of the relief fluid flowing to the center of the control plate Mn reaches the drainage channel 45 via the bing groove 44. A pressure will be set in the relief springs which automatically adapts to the tax table load.

With the opposite displacement of the free piston 35 the discharge fields on the ND side are fed, with the bore 39 already absorbs hydraulic fluid when there is an overlap with the pilot control groove via the cylinder mouth bore 46 is made

In the arrangement shown, the free piston moves back and forth seven times during one revolution of the cylinder drum ago (machine with 7 cylinders). Unless the frequency of the free piston is uncontrollable at high operating speeds would assume, can be ensured by simple measures that the free piston only from an orifice bore or a Part of the mouth bores, but not all of the mouth bores of the cylinder drum, is acted upon «

As Fig. 10 shows, next to the cylinder mouth bores 9d, which are to be used to supply the relief fields, a small bridging space 47 in the cylinder drum 1c provided, and the channels 38a and 39a open in such a way at the control plate that they are only from the above-mentioned bridging spaces 47ι, however, not reached by the cylinder mouth bores 9d will"

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- patent claims -

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Claims (1)

Claims t 1 · Axial piston machine with cylinders arranged rotationally symmetrically in a cylinder drum and a control block supporting the cylinder drum in the axial direction, the has a spherical or flat control plate. in the wells, so-called control kidneys are provided that the Control the flow of the operating fluid, e.g. 01, and also by arranging relief fields in the form of lubrication pockets, into which the lubricating fluid is introduced to prevent wear friction between the cylinder drum and the control plate of the control block, characterized by a device for metering the quantity of lubricant supplied to the relief fields at least proportionally to the Relative speed between cylinder drum and control plate 2. Axial piston machine according to claim 1, characterized in that dafi the metering device for the lubricant in parts of the Axial piston machine is arranged 3 «axial piston machine according to claim 1, characterized. that the dosing device is outside the axial piston machine is arranged 109883/0304 New documents (Art. 7, Paragraph 1, Paragraph 2, No. X, Clause 3 of the Amendment AflM. Of 4.9. 1967) "-J 2 - 4. Axial piston machine according to claims 1 to 3, characterized characterized in that the lubricating oil for the relief fields is arranged in a special liquid reservoir (P), which is connected to the metering device by lines (22 ·, 23 ') is· 5. Axial piston machine according to claims 1 and 2, characterized characterized in that the lubricant x 1 is replaced by at least one Line (38) is branched off from the operating fluid under high pressure. 6. Axial piston machine according to Claims 1 to 5> characterized in that the metering device is a positive displacement pump 7. Axial piston machine according to Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the metering device is a piston pump with a constant stroke and with a slip-free drive proportional to the speed of the axial piston machine. 8 · Axial piston machine according to claim 7, characterized in that the pistons of the piston pump in the control block and one to the Drive the piston provided swash plate is arranged in the cylinder drum. 9 · Axial piston machine according to claims 1, 3 and 6, characterized in that the Positive displacement pump at least two separate hydraulic fluid lines having· 109883/0304 _ ₁₃ _ 10. Axial piston machine according to claims 1, 2, 5 and 6, characterized by a between two end stops (37a _f 37b) freely movable to and fro piston (35) »which is arranged in a bore (36) in the control block, which is on each side Outside the end positions of the piston, each with a channel (38, 39) which opens in the area of the opening of the working cylinder on the control plate and is connected to a channel (40, 41) which opens in the area of the relief fields Jl on the control mirror. 11. Axial piston machine according to claim 10, characterized in that the end fitting (37a, 37b) for the piston (35) are mounted adjustable to regulate the Hubea of the piston. 12, "axial piston machine according to claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the stationary with the metering device in conjunction Entlastungsfeider are mounted on the outer circumference of the control plate such dal they druok- on the high Jk and low pressure side depending on a quarter of the Umfangeβ the Take the wings of the control mirror 13 · Axial piston machine according to claims 1 to 12, characterized characterized in that the relief fields on the high pressure side and the relief fields on the boiler pressure side each ▼ are fed by a special metering device. 14. Axial piston machine according to claims 1 to 13, characterized characterized in that the relief fields on the high pressure and on the low pressure side each consist of two or more partial 109883/0304 - 14 - -H- insist on exoneration. 15. Acial piston machine according to claim H _9, characterized) that each partial relief field is connected to a special metering device. The patent attorneys Dipl.-Ing. VY. Meissner Dipi.-Ing. Aß No. 60/70 (S 46 Pat.AO) 109883/0304