DE1556322A1 - Load lashing device - Google Patents

Description

DIPL-ING. CURT WALLACH L.-ING. GÜNTHER KC DR. TINO HAIBACH

8 MUNICH 2, 29. DΘΖ. 1967

OUR MARK ι] _ 1

Van ZeIm Associates, Inc., Providence, Rhode Island, USA.

Load lashing device.

Summary description:

The load lashing device according to the invention has two lashing straps, one behind the other between one Load and a load-bottom ring or an anchorage are coupled, between which strap sections a Metal bending energy absorber is located. The energy absorber has a cylindrical or drum-shaped container Shape, which is attached to the one belt portion and is provided with an outlet opening, and cylindrical Deformation elements within the container adjacent the exit opening which have winding paths for withdrawal

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Form a steel band from the container. The steel band is shaped at its bottom with an exposed loop, which is connected to the other belt section, while oppositely wound spirals at both ends of the belt which are located within the container, and the steel band pulled through the winding VJege and through the deformation elements beyond its elastic limit when pulling the tape out of the container by dynamic Loads the device is bent in order to absorb some of the energy of the dynamic loads.

The invention relates generally to a load lashing device for use for securing cargo loads on movable supporting platforms, such as an airplane, for wheeled vehicles and the like, and in particular load lashing devices with built-in energy absorbers, about breakage of parts of the lashing device and the risk of the cargo loosening under temporary peak loads reduce to a minimum, which occur in crashes, collisions and the like.

Although the invention is applicable to a variety of cargo lashing ^ facilities and needs and many different types of cargo carrier platforms through which "the Freight is to be transported, is applicable, the invention is in particular for securing freight loads against movement

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or relocation in the aircraft and is described below in described in this context.

Up to now, it has been customary to lash a cargo in the cargo compartment of an aircraft by lashing it through lashing means be attached to ground freight rings. The lashing means usually consist of a heavy tape-shaped material, of chains or ropes with suitable load limits such that a number of such lashing elements are common Withstand loads and prevent unwanted movement of cargo from its chosen position. The ground freight rings are normally designed to withstand peak loads of a certain rated value, which is adequate to avoid normally undesired movement of cargo, for example loads of around 2.250 kg (about 5,000 lbs) to prevent. However, it was found that the cargo can loosen and catastrophic consequences can occur under certain unusual circumstances, for example, when the aircraft is about to make a belly landing or an emergency landing in which the aircraft is subject to a exposed to unusual delay very quickly. In In such cases, if one of the multiple lashings breaks or one of the floor cargo rings fails, which can be caused by the very high short-term peak load by the freight, especially under the effect of the Forward component of such peak loads, the full freight

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load is effective on the other lashings and load rings, which number is now lower than the original number, to which the load was distributed, which leads to progressive breakage of lashings and load rings, so that the cargo eventually loosens and slides into the cab, causing serious injuries and fatalities Can have consequences for the pilot and the crew.

By installing energy absorber units, especially from Energy absorbers of the metal bending type in every cargo lashing device can withstand short-term peak loads that exceed the The breaking strength of the lashing cargo rings is sufficient due to the kinetic energy of the dynamic load reduces the ground absorbed by the energy absorber unit to avoid breakage of one of the tie-down anchoring ring assemblies to prevent, and thereby secure the cargo against shifting under such conditions as Emergency landing or rapid delay.

The object of the invention is therefore to create a novel cargo lashing device with a metal bending energy absorber, the kinetic energy of peak loads that exceed the selected ",." values, below the load limits of the other elements of the lashing device with the aim of preventing or counteracting breakage.

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_BATH C

Another object of the invention is to provide a FraGht lashing mechanism of the type described above, in which the metal bending energy absorber of a new type The compact design is designed to cope with the spatial requirements and conditions that exist in aircraft cargo compartments exist, is compatible.

Another object of the invention is to provide a metal bending energy absorber of a novel compact design, which is particularly suitable for use as a component in a 'cargo lashing device to hold cargo against to secure an undesired relocation with reference to an assigned transport «platform.

Further objects, advantages and features of the invention result can be derived from the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings depicting a preferred embodiment represent the invention, namely show:

1 is a perspective view of part of a load or freight lashing device in use for a cargo with a built-in opening Metal bending energy absorbers;

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of FIG bending metal absorber unit according to the invention j

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3 is a view in vertical section of the flexural metal energy absorber assembly and the adjacent elements of the cargo lashing device, wherein the cut is guided along the line 3-3 in Figure 1;

4 shows a view in vertical section transverse to the sectional plane of FIG. 3 along the line 4-4 in FIG. 3 and

Fig. 5 is a view in section along the line 5-5 in Fig. 3,

In the drawings, the same reference numerals are used in multiples Identifying parts in the various figures is the cargo lashing device according to the invention, its main parts are shown in Fig. 1, generally designated Io and has the usual lashing strap 11, which consists of a suitable tape-like material similar to that used for aircraft or automobile seat belts and the like, and is intended to be anchored at one end to the cargo 12, while the strap 11 is connected at its other end to a suitable tensioning device 13, which in turn is connected to a further lashing belt section 11 ', which is attached at its other end to a cargo floor ring. The one shown here Belt tensioning device 13 is of a commercial type with a Lock and has e.g. a main frame 14 and a U-shaped

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Handle frame 15, which the latter is articulated with the ilaupframe and carries a pawl which can be brought into engagement with ratchet wheel teeth 16 in order to drive the locking mechanism in a belt tensioning direction by an oscillating movement of the handle frame 15 with respect to the main frame 14. In the particular tensioning device shown, a suitable quick-release sliding member 17 is provided, which can be operated optionally so that the lower lashing belt section II ^{1 can be} quickly extended and released. It should be mentioned here, however, that the particular clamping device 13 shown has been described only as an example of a suitable clamping device which has proven to be particularly suitable for use for the load lashing device according to the invention and that other known clamping devices, such as turnbuckles, end position clamping devices, releasable buckling devices of various types, etc. Like. Can be used.

The metal bending energy absorber unit, generally designated 2o, is coupled between the upper lashing belt section 11 and the tensioning device 13 or the lower belt section II ¹ and can be of the general type, for example, as described in U.S. Patents 2,979,163, 2,980,213, 3.017.163 or 3211.26o is described. In such metal bending energy absorber units, an elongated metal element such as a ribbon, rod or rod is usually used

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BATH ORIGINAL

-a-

a wire, mostly in the form of a steel band or the like, is used, which is coiled and arranged within a substantially cylindrical cavity in a container and one end of which is anchored within the container or loosely coiled therein, the other end portion being is guided over and under a series of cylindrical surfaces, which od by "rollers, pin-like parts. The like. Provided that form a winding path along which the steel band is pulled beyond its elastic limit for deformation.

In this way a retarding force can be achieved which is proportional to the number of bend reversals in the metal strip, with opposing forces acting as the endeavor have to pull the tape out of the spiral or spool and the. absorb kinetic energy from dynamic loads, which tends to pull the tape off the spiral. The metal bending energy absorber unit according to the invention is " if it is used for the described application for lashing freight, preferably of the special design, which is shown in Fig. 2-5 and in which the steel belt 21 in its' litte to form an exposed loop 22 is bent around an IJiet, a bolt or a Connecting pin 13 * of the Ilauptrahr.iens 14 of the clamping device 13 is laid and has two end parts, which of the Spannvomchtun.T relatively further away and too close together

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wound, oppositely curved spirals 23, 24 are formed within the container 25. The container 25 has a simple shape and has two cylindrical end plates 26, 27 of the same diameter with grooves 26 *, 27 ', polygons adjacent to the circumference of the plates for receiving and holding the edges of a cylindrical side wall part 28, which side wall part together with the End plates 26, 27 delimit a cylindrical cavity and is interrupted by a narrow arcuate segment, so that there is an opening 29 which faces the clamping device 13 and through which the outwardly extending parts 3o of the belt 21 are guided. The end plates 26, 27 are drilled so that they have a number of suitably arranged cylindrical openings 31, seven of which are provided in each end plate in the illustrated embodiment, which are dimensioned in their size to receive the ends of cylindrical sleeves or Rohrstüclcen 32 , the end plates 26, 27 being flanked on the outside by elongated plate parts 33 and 34, which are provided with openings 35 of smaller diameter than the openings 31, which are aligned along the diametrical axis of the container 25, which extends through the center of the opening 29 extends. The openings 35 in the plate parts 33 and 34 are dimensioned _P so that they just have fastening elements, such as. Bolts or small pins 36 can receive that extend through them and through the holes of the three sleeves or

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■ r Λ

γ

-lo-

Tubes 32a, 32b and 32c extend, many in alignment with the diametrical axis of the container, with fasteners 36 having a head, deformation or other; ^r else are provided with extensions directly to the outside of the plate parts 33, 34 to hold assembled to the overall arrangement. ] '<ie , those parts of the plates 33, 34 which rest on the outside of the openings 31 in the end plates 26, 27, form recesses into which the ends of the sleeves or pipe sections 32 are inserted so that they are in the desired positions being held. The sleeves or pipe sections 32d and 32e on one side of the aforementioned diametrical axis and the sleeves 32f and 32g on the other side of the diametrical axis are offset with respect to the sleeves 32a and 32b so that they have a winding I '/ eg for the form two parts of the steel band 21, which extend between them, so that the steel band parts experience bending reversals, by which they are stressed beyond their elastic limit and result in the desired absorption of kinetic energy when on the connecting pin 13 'and around this Loop 22 of the steel belt 21 a pull-off force is exerted. The upper end portions of the flanking plates 33, 34, which extend beyond the circumference of the container 25, are provided with suitable openings for supporting the connecting bolt 36 which extends through a loop

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extends which at the end of the cargo lashing strap section 11 is provided.

Practice in the operation of the cargo lashing device for short periods of time Peak loads that exceed a selected load value, for example when the cargo is abnormal experiences rapid deceleration forces during a belly emergency landing or under similar conditions, the forces on the loop 22 of the steel strip 21 has an effect which tends to connect the connecting bolt 13 ′ and the steel belt loop 22 in a direction away from the center of the container 25, so that "those parts of the steel belt 21 that are between the spirals 23, 24 and the loop 22 are located along the winding formed by the sleeves or pipe pieces 32 *. 'ege to be drawn, i ^ o successively through the steel band and progressively beyond the elastic limit of the metal liiiaus is bent, as a result of which part of the kinetic energy of the dynamic load is absorbed, ur.i that of the rest Parts of the lashing device under increasing stress below their yield value and thereby the possibility of these other parts breaking on a Keep a minimum. In a practical implementation With this rate limiter, the r.r. energy absorber had a maxiralc Naxirauri yield load of about 2.25o kg (S.ooo lbs), a minimum yield load (iwinir.um yield load) of around 2o5o kg C (4,5oo lbs) and a liub of 3o cn (1 FuP).

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It should be mentioned that the cylindrical surfaces, which to form the sinuous couch for the steel belt, can have shapes that differ from those shown and for example fixed pins or rods or rotatable rollers of various types, the main characteristic being that the metal bending elements form substantially cylindrically curved surfaces on those of their parts where the steel strip is applied, and that these cylindrically curved surface parts are arranged with respect to each other that they have an im form a substantial tortuous path or an I? eg along which bend reversals occur, by polymarriage over the tape its elastic limit is stressed and kinetic energy is absorbed in the process.

Although in the foregoing only a single embodiment of the ' Invention has been described, it is not restricted to this, but can be various within its scope Experience changes.

Claims

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Claims (1)

Patent claims: lj cargo or load lashing device for securing a cargo load against movement with respect to a load-bearing transport platform, which lashing device is coupled to the cargo and to an anchoring element of the platform at selected anchoring points and an elongated flexible lashing element for attachment to one of the anchoring points mentioned on the Has cargo load, and is coupled to another of the anchoring points mentioned with the anchoring element in order to keep the cargo load in a geiiielte position, a metal bending energy absorber element which is coupled to the lashing element in series to this between the anchoring points mentioned to the energy of to reduce dynamic peak loads on the lashing element to values below the load limits of the lashing element and the anchoring element, which energy absorbing element comprises an elongated flexible metal lement and deformation organs that rest against this and with reference to which the metal element is above a selected under dynamic loads on the lashing device aOS81870114 Worth moving to progressive and successive To bend partial amounts of the same beyond their elastic limit and thereby part of the energy of this dynamic To absorb loads, which energy absorbing element further comprises a container with an outlet opening, through which the metal element can be pulled out, which metal element at its two ends in the housing is shaped with spirals, while an intermediate part of the metal element extends through the outlet opening and has a bend at its center which forms a coupling part which is arranged outside the container, so that two intermediate metal element sections are present, which extend between said coupling part and the Spirals extend which deformation organs are two separate Form winding paths through which simultaneously and progressively and successively partial amounts of both metal element sections be bent when pulling the same out of the container, and means, which the container and the coupling part connect with parts of the lashing device, on which forces act in opposite directions under dynamic loads. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the 00 9818 / 01U Container has a substantially cylindrical shape and has two circular end plates, the deformation members by a first set of cylindrical surface portions extending between the end plates and their Axes arranged in a diametrical plane of the container at radially spaced positions are, and are formed by a second and a third set of cylindrical surface parts, their Axes are parallel to the axes of the first set and are arranged in planes that are diametrically opposed to the aforementioned Plane are parallel and at equal distances and in opposite directions from this at staggered points with respect to the cylindrical surface parts of the first set are located around the mentioned two winding V / ege to build. '3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the lashing device has a first flexible connecting element which can be coupled to the cargo load at one end and to the at its other end Container is connected, a second flexible connecting element which at its one end with one of the anchoring elements can be connected, and a releasable coupling 009818/0114 with the other end of the second connecting element and with the coupling part of the metal element is connected to v / ahlweise the lashing device between the mentioned To be able to connect and loosen anchor points. 4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that said releasable coupling is an adjustable clamping device to change the tension of the fasteners. 5. Metal bending energy absorber to take up a portion the kinetic energy of dynamic peak loads, of the same, characterized by a container, which delimits a cavity with an outlet opening elongated flexible metal band with a bend essentially in the longitudinal center thereof, the outside of the container is arranged, and two oppositely directed coils or spirals, which are at the two ends of the metal band are formed and arranged within the cavity, which metal band has two similar intermediate sections has, which are formed by the parts of the metal strip that zv / ischen the mentioned bend 009818/01 U and extend the two scrolls, and deformation of bodies in the container, adjacent to the said intermediate portions of the metal strip having alternately offset cylindrical surface portions, the two separate tortuous paths form along which moves the said intermediate portions when pulling out the tape from the container \ i can ground to simultaneously as well as to bend progressively and successively partial amounts of both intermediate sections beyond their elasticity limits and thereby absorb part of the energy of the dynamic loads mentioned. 6. Energy absorber according to claim 5, characterized in that the container has a substantially cylindrical shape is and has two circular end plates, the deformation members by a first set of cylindrical FBchenteile, which extend between the end plates so that their axes are in a diametrical plane of the container are arranged at radially spaced positions, and by a second and by a third set of cylindrical surface parts are formed whose axes are parallel to the axes of the first set and are arranged in planes which are diametrically opposed to the mentioned 0001187 OT-U ■ ■> ■■ · · ■ · ■■ '■ Plane are parallel and equidistant as well located in opposite directions from this, which cylindrical surface parts of the second and the third set with respect to the cylindrical surface parts of the first set are offset to those mentioned to form two winding paths. breastfeeds / im Blank page