DE1527601A1 - Rolling mill - Google Patents

Description

«527601

ALUMINUM LABORATORY ATOItIKS LIMITED '* ..-...

in Montreal, Quebec (Canada)

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The invention relates to a salting device for mending "poor shapes" in rolled products or to produce rolled products that have few or no have "sole-real shapes".

When rolling metal foils are extended 3iese, wherein reduced your- ■ strength "If not via dia width of the extension '.W uniformly, then the length of the film varies across the width when-it. is considered in a stress-free state. The short parts are held under longitudinal tension and the long parts under longitudinal pressure. When the length of the lower parts reach such a value that the longitudinal tensions are large enough to cause bulges, then the film is no longer flat and "has poor shapes" on it.

Up to the bulge point there is * dao ratio between the length *

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differentiated in the film and the corresponding tensions proportional to the modulus of elasticity for the material i: i uniaxialem Pull or push. The tension * is direct in every T «» and. linearly proportional to the differences in length. V / hen yourself Once the film has bulged, it no longer deforms in uniaxial print, and further enlargements of the length differences are accompanied by much smaller increases in voltage than ever, ne, that occur with uniaxialom pressure.

If bulged foils are forced to lie flat, then the short and long parts are uniaxially closed. or pressure, and the stresses, which correspond to the length differences, are proportional to the modulus of elasticity of the material. Thus, the difference between the tensile and compressive stresses in a film with poor shape is maximum “when the film is held flat.

The critical stress, or length deviation, in bulging occurs depends on the dimensions for a given material

V off the foil. ·

For thick products, the critical bulge stress is high and can correspond to a length deviation that is nearly equal to the maximum commercially acceptable degree of "sole- shape" let. For thin products, the critical development voltage is low and can correspond to a length deviation that is much smaller than the maximum allowable degree of "bad shape". For example, if the "long hand Ar" in panels of 12.7 ma: thickness

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«527601

considered «the critical 'buckling stress may correspond to a length discrepancy of 0.4 i» , while the permissible. Degree of '"bad shape" corresponds to a length deviation of 0.41 ¥> On the other hand, with foils of 0.25 mm' Dioke, the critical bulging stress can correspond to a length deviation of 0.0003 1> , while the permissible degree of " worse, shape "corresponds to a length deviation of £ 0.01.

The basis of the present invention is the determination, that when the pressure exerted on the rollers across the width of the strip is kept constant, the 3rad of the length of depends on the secondary stresses running in the longitudinal direction of the Stripes work, tmd when the stripe is under longitudinal good 1st, he «loh to a great extent extended, all when he is. is under long-term pressure, with the result that the Orphans of film material with "poor shape" under such conditions result in a reduction in length inaccuracies Has. An even greater reduction in length inequalities can be achieved when pulling through the rollers on the under standing areas of the strip greater pressure is exerted, than on the pressurized districts. In order to achieve maximum balancing effect, the differences in the longitudinal tensions are at their maximum values, and this can best be achieved by promoting it ensures that the strip or sheet is kept flat both on the entry side and on the exit side of the rolling mill. T> iee can be achieved very easily by

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that you have a sufficient pull on the strip or the film make sure they are kept flat. The application of train can However, it is only necessary »if the stresses due to the local differences in length are sufficient to cause bulging. In the case of thicker products, in which the critical bulging stresses are not exceeded, rolling the products in the specified manner has the effect of reducing local inequalities in thickness and local compressive and tensile stresses be c -.-......-

In order to largely equalize the roller pressure across the width To achieve all points of the strip, the work rollers must be flexible enough to allow them to conform to the curvatures of normally rolled strips without giving rise to a strong change in the whale pressure in various lateral places, as this would result in a "bad shape".

A considerable degree of compensation dee roller pressure can be achieved by applying to the back (* he flexible Arbeite- rollers mounting a set of short stub rolls which are arranged side by side, each of the support rollers is pressed by an essentially equal force against the work roll For practical success, however, it is necessary that the work roll is not too flexible, since it is practically impossible to connect the edges of the strip3 with the outer edges of the support rollers, which are adjacent to the two edges, with: , t such accuracy

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align so that the rolling pressure exerted on the edges of the strip is not so different from the pressure exerted in the center of the strip that it results in a "poor perm ¹¹ ".

Eb is in any case desirable that one reduce the pressure

.. .. the edges

can that of those in the neighborhood / the strip Back-up rolls is exercised.

The preferred means of balancing out the back-up rolls applied pressure is a hydraulic tank that is between the support rollers and a rigid rail is attached. Of the The hydraulic tank consists of a flat shell that flows with it Liquid is filled and designed so that it is at a internal pressure of 35 atü can work. ·

In the accompanying drawings show:. ^|: t

Fig. 1 is a cross section through an embodiment of a Rolling mill »constructed in accordance with the present invention;

Fig, 2 is a plan view showing the arrangement of the Stütsjwalzeri

shows*
Pig * 3 a cross-section through another execution fora

a rolling mill;
Fig. 4 * ο a plan view of the arrangement of the support whales in

the other Konetruktion d "s rolling mill" Figure 5 is a side view of a further construction of _^1::. ^^ "^'d \ ^ Of8Tt / OO31 ^{^^";}

Rolling mills?

Pig. Figure 6 is a side view of another arrangement of the work rolls and the backup rolls; and

7 is an acheratic side view of a drive for the Work rolls.

In the case of the Flg. 1 and 2, the work rolls 1 have a small diameter and are quite flexible. The diameter of the work rolls 1 depends on the work that is to be carried out with the rolling mill. When the mill is to be used for the repair of foils for aluminum containers which are approximately 0.2 to 0.3 mm thick, it has been found that a work roll approximately 76 mm in diameter has flexibility properties which meet the criteria given above. The diameter of the procedures would be for Aluminum foils of a thickness of 1.6 mm to 6.5 mm to 152 mn, and for thicker films ODTR plates on unf »^ · ferry 229 mm can be increased. The considerations regarding the selection of a suitable roller diameter for the work rollers are discussed in more detail below.

It is believed that any rolled foil or strip will be acceptably flat if the longitudinal deviations across the width do not exceed $ 0.01. On this basis, acceptably flat aluminum alloy foils of low strength are obtained if the rolling pressure does not vary across the width of the foil by more than about $ 10, while for a solid aluminum alloy the corresponding acceptable load deviation appears to be " ^0gA3 O09819 / 0032

at about ί * ί / 2

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Each work roller 1 is supported by support rollers 2 which are rotatably fastened to holding plates 3, which in turn are carried by a support rail 4. In Pig * 2 it can be seen that the sttita rollers 2 are offset from one another in two rows. The SttitjBwaissen 2 can also be arranged in opposite pairs in the two rows »The orphans ? are preferably approximately 25 to 50 mm in length, and the maximum distance between adjacent rollers lying in a straight line is approximately 13 mm, but preferably no more than 0.8 nm.

The support rail 4 is of light construction, go that it is at least as flexible as the corresponding work roll The flexible support rail 4 is within a fixed main rail 5 arranged, and has guide rollers 6, so that a friction-free local movement of the support rail 4 in the fixed Hauptachiene 5 is possible. A hydraulic tank 7 is between

see the support rail 4 and the fixed main rail 5 arranged; it makes ächer that the mounting rail 4 over its entire length a is subjected to essentially the same pressure. The upper fixed Kauptcchiene 5 is secured by a screw 8 in a main frame 9 worn so that the gap between the work rolls 1 changed can be.

The foil TO, which for the purpose of removal; treated 'bad shape' should be, is preferably - under tension by ias

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Rolling mill guided. In the arrangement explained, the train is on the entry and exit sides of the rolling mill as far as possible balanced. The work rolls are driven.

The device that pulls the pile through the rolling mill is used under tension, a movable gripping device can be used of conventional design. Should be a strip made flat in the entire length ;; can be a ■ guide roller arrangement, which consists of a driven steel roller and an idling roller covered with rubber, as Pulling device can be used. It can be used alone or in conjunction with rubber-covered pretensioning rollers that use the Reduce the tension on the delivery rollers to a value at which the tension on the delivery rollers is reduced hatching can be avoided. Similar devices from conventional design can be on the entry side of the rolling mill be provided in order to generate a withdrawal voltage.

In Figs. 3 and 4, the Ts; oils have the same reference seichen as in the Pig. 1 and 2. With this type of construction, the back-up rollers are in individual support frames. 1.2- held in pairs, the support frames being hinged to the fixed main rail 5 on one side of the rolling mill by pivot bolts 14. As before, the individual pairs of support rollers 2 are subjected to a balanced load by the hydraulic container M ~ , which presses against the rear sides of the support frame 12, where e: .n torque is generated around the pivot pin 14 = each support frame1? is with a back

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Holding hook 15 equipped, which is preferably under the load a spring 16 and its adjusting screw 17 has. the Force that is a consequence of the tensile or compressive stress ir. The expiring Foil is and is exerted on - the * 'rolls 1 at the -' nip, generates a moment around the pivot pin 14; a local Increasing the tensile stress thus results in an increase in the rolling pressure by means of a local toggle effect and therefore an improved one Shape by compensating for local differences in length. The presence of this toggle effect results in a more effective correction of the pormenity deviations in the strip and also a reduction in the deviations that come into the strip because the rolling mill deviates from the ideal design. Larger deviations from the ideal construction are permissible, for example the permissible unevenness of the load increases; the permissible maximum roll diameter increases and the permissible mismatch between the loaded width of the work rolls 1 and the width of the - 'stripe? - also increases.

: ■. ■■ ·

However, the fact is to be observed that when the metal, strip is passed through a ■ rolling mill under such conditions, which give rise to the formation of "bad forms", and the overall trait on the exit side is greater than on the entry side, the tension in the strip on the entry side of the rolling mill subject to greater variation across the width of the strip. than is the case on the exit side of the rolling mill «If dio tension differences across the width of the strip on the The inlet side of the rolling mill is larger and all on the outlet

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side of the rolling mill, then the correcting effect is by articulation the support frame 12 on the entry side of the rolling mill improved. / "

It is assumed that this condition applies in all cases where the ßesamtsmg on the strip on the exit side of the Rolling mill over the entire book holding train of the strip on the α entry side, which is the case if the APbOItB * - rollers are not driven.

On the other hand, it is assumed that the reverse condition can occur if the Rückhaltetpannang goes on the entry side on the SpaoBung on OCE Austrittesäite what the 'felling be kana _g when the Arbeitewalssan be driven.

So that you can operate the whale factory under different conditions can, the iragrahmen 12 are in practice in many cases with ™ facilities provided that they are either on the entry side or can be hinged on the outlet side of the whale plant.

The design of Pig. 3 and 4 has swei other advantages over the design in Figs. 1 and 2 beflohräebene. Έ & can an even contact between © ll @ njSttitswalaen 2 and the work rollers

■■■■ ' ^l - ■''''*

'Aiohergeetellt are inde & the rotating puafete made adjustable

will. It is easy to ensure that the loaded width is no greater than the width of the strip when used by the retaining cap 15 use is made. It is also easy by

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put the spring load on these restraint hooks to generate forces, the mismatch between the stripe width and the * compensate loaded..roll width. So the fires 16 can be crushed in order to apply the load on the supporting rods 2 to reduce the edges of the film when the support rollers hitch the work rollers Load over a width greater than the width of the strip.

In the illustrated in Fig. 5 design are for the same parts, the occur in Figs. 1 to 4, equal to "reference line selected.

The construction of Fig. 5 is designed so that the orientation of the Work roll 1 in a simpler way can be maintained can.

In this type of construction, the ends of main lines 5 are through a Pair of upper and lower yoke parts B and C held. The yoke parts B and C in each pair are connected to one another by a solid axis of rotation A.

ι ■ ■ ■

connected, which is attached to a (not ^ ezeii; th) base plate. The main rails 5% and thus also the working distance between the working rolls 1 are adjusted in relation to one another by means of column parts F provided with threads, which are fastened to the base plate. These column parts can be rotated in a known manner and are connected with projections D and E, which have threads and are attached to the socket parts B and C. The projections D and E can of course be swiveled in relation to the yoke parts so that they

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corresponding column part P remain aligned. The ends of the ar ·? · Beitswalzen 1 are free and are only supported by light localization plates held, which are carried by the yokes B and C so that the work rolls 1 can not fall out, when the yokes are opened, that way can be a high Degree of parallelism between the axes of the work rolls 1 be maintained.

In the constructions of the Pig. 3 and 4 or FIG. 5, the axes of rotation 14 are preferably approximately at the level of the contact line the back-up rolls 2 with the work rolls 1, so that the movement of the back-up rolls is essentially vertical, whereby practically any load on the work rolls in a horizontal plane is avoided.

It should be noted that the work roll 1 by their Contact with the two rows of backup rollers 2 or with the two Intermediate rollers 21 and the adjacent work roll 1 in. The longitudinal direction is locally fixed ο It may be necessary in the transverse direction To provide axial thrust bearings for the rolling mill, which are movable be guided in the frame to a longitudinal movement of the working whales to prevent.

It is also pointed out that in constructions, where the work roll is in direct contact with the Back-up rolls located, it is possible to use more than two rows of back-up rolls, but the ease of use

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of two rows is to blame that this is the most preferred arrangement is.

In a further modified design, which is shown in FIG. 6, the ¹ work rolls 1 are not in direct contact with the back-up rolls, which are short in the axial direction. In this case, the work rolls T are in contact with a pair of thin, flexible intermediate rolls 21, which are fixed locally by contact with three support rolls 22, which are held in rotatable bearing blocks 25 as before, and with the work roll. The axial length of the back-up rolls 22 is of the same order of magnitude as that of the back-up rolls 2 in the constructions of FIGS. 1 to 5, while the intermediate rolls 21 have essentially the same length as the work rolls 1-, The rotatable bearing blocks 23 are as in the other constructions is subjected to a balanced pressure on the rear side, which pressure is transmitted to the work rolls 1 by means of the intermediate rolls 21. '

:; ■. - ■ -.... · '- ■■■■. _: ; ■ ■; ■. - ... - ■■ · ■ ■ ν α

The diameter of the intermediate rolls 2t '. Is-less * than. half and ~ preferably less than a quarter as large as the diameter of the Work rolls so that they do not add any additional essentials to the system Give stiffness.

In Pig. 6geaeigtea construction are the work rolls not used against each other · The purpose of the order T0B? ig * 6. * ■■ '..',

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there is the possibility of elongated marks being formed to further reduce the rolled product. If at the Conetrulc- / tionen 1 to 5, the backup rolls are not offset

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there is a possibility that the work rolls 1 on those Toilets that are touched by the back-up rollers 2 are somewhat stronger wear out than those parts that are between the back-up rollers. Such wear can lead to the formation of longitudinal Run lines on the end product. The construction of Pig. 6 reduces this possibility to a great extent, since there is no direct contact between the work rolls 1 and the backup rolls 22

While the invention is primarily in terms of use as a means of aligning rolled products in which known rolling mills produce a so-called "bad fori?" was brought in, has been described, a rolling mill based on the same principles based, used in both hot and cold rolling will be to normal reductions of the order of $ 25 or cause more jsu with each whale walk; in this case the product does not require a final equalization treatment.

If the rolling mill is a powered rolling mill, as is required when large reductions are to be made, then can the work rollers 1 by a conventional drive device are driven, as it is explained schematically in FIG. 7. In this figure, the working walls 1 are connected by shafts 30. by means of universal joints 31 and 32 via gears 33 of the same Driven diameter, which is in a Zahnradgahäuae 34 are located. The gears are in turn via a reduction gear 35 driven by a motor 36,

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With the rolling mills described above, not only can pollen from flawless shape but own the rolling mills also has the following advantages compared to the rolling mills used in Lierköran «

T, diameter accuracy

Over the length of the piece to be rolled, the rolling mill produces a good * diameter equality * The greater elastic stresses step in the rolling mill in the support rolls and at the contact set up between vital rollers and working rollers.

. · ■ ■ ■

When small diameter work rolls are used and If there are no conventional back-up rollers, the roller decentering is very small. Therefore, the rolling mill rolls foils with a lot smaller, closely related; end changes in diameter than this is unavoidable in the case of foils rolled on conventional rolling mills.

2 . COOLING AND LUBRICATION

For work rolls with a small Eui'chJioQser, it is practical to have one to use internal cooling, so that the roller cooling and the Roller gap lubrication can be separated from each other.

If, however, despite internal cooling, thermal calibrates in the work rolls If bulges develop, then the work rolls can bend out against the back-up rolls, so that a roll gap line is formed can form independently of the thermal bulges.

Wa-lzwerlce, which are manufactured according to the invention, can be, _{# / TH;} p90 19/0032

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Together with well-known advantages and Rückisugevorrichtungen used as passive mills le to Erζ development of a slight flattening · On the other hand, the Arbeit8.walz.en can be driven "by-one to achieve slight flattening or a larger Walarecluktion, and also the well-known advantages and retraction devices can be applied. In the case of many thin products, the tensile stress devices are essential for the successful use of these rolling mills, because they bring the secondary stresses that act in the longitudinal direction of the material to be rolled to a maximum value and the shape-correcting or shape-retaining effects resulting from the flexibility and the uniform loading of the new ones Rolling mills appear, bring them to full advantage. .

The maximum diameter in a rolling mill according to the invention The work rolls to be used largely depend on the physical properties and the diameter of the dos to be rolled Material from, while of course also a minimum diameter is required because of the forces involved iet | when the »folds are driven.

It would be ideal if the work rolls were to cross at all points across the width of the strip or film, a uniform one Rolling pressure, but this would require fully flexible work rolls if there were any strips or foils with! differences in length of less than $ 0.01 are permitted then the admissible differences in the vertical pressure can be transverse

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across the width of the strip or the film by calculating the The value of the following expression:

0.0001 S -.

• ■ '■' γ ■ ■

where E is the elastic modulus and Y is the yield stress of the strip mean. .

When aluminum alloys are used, Y usually has a value which is in the range of 700-2800 kg / cm and E one

C. Q. '

Value of approximately 0.7 χ 10 kg / cm, thus the differences in vfelzdruck are not intended for 2 - 10 # hinauege'n © n ₄ in dependence of the flow stress of the aluminum alloy · betroffenden similar but larger deviations in the roll press 'are permissible with S pith irons.

In the case of thick aluminum strips and strips, it is not necessary to keep the differences in length below 0.01 in order to avoid visible "bad porraen", but differences in length from, for example. 0.05 '^ are undesirable because of the high internal stresses in the product. The required flexibility of the work rolls of the present rolling mill depends in part on the accuracy with. which the rollers are machined precisely cylindrical and straight. Certainly it is possible to turn rollers with a Durohmessergeauig- ^ speed of 2.5 / u per 50,000 roller length; d _e h _c , that at a length of 50 cm the whale sea is no more than 2.5 m larger than the Durohmee sea

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End, the change in diameter being progressive. Accepted, this degree of accuracy can be achieved when rotating the work rolls, then it is possible to use the maximum working. beit roll diameter, which ionon for various rolling operations Aluminum alloys is required to determine asu. These determinations are given in the following table and refer to on Arböitswalzsn, which are made from normal types of steel that are used for such folds.

Diameter and diameter reduction in mm

max.Wslzendüroh- ain. '. yalz diameter mesaer for one of the defenders of the Verdrefri®elβκ @ dividing hung of the rollers. derlieh., u.was .. for rolling mills that do not have a suction chip ^ nuag support warden - in cia

700 1400 2800

(b) Reduction by cold rough and temper rolling

φ 3.05 ___, 2.05 ¹ »27 __ ^ 0.76 0.33

17th »5 12th , 7 15, 2 21 , 5 16 7th »6 W ₉ 4th 15th .2 12th a. ■ '. ■. ,1 1 " C 5 .1

slight upwelling reduction

2fO5 ^ \ 1 »95 0.76 0.25

10.4 y
'9.1 [

Drahbeanepruchuag for 152 wide foils below

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(b) At the sit 1/2

In the rolling mill described in detail above, the load is the Work orphans balanced over the length of the work style, and it is evident, provided that the diameter of the ar-

wlrd beitswalaen / kept below the maximum value given above, the differences in pressure across the width of the rollers exercised is not sufficient to give rise to "bad forms" admit"

The use of flexible rollers that are correctly aligned vertically

are burdened, makes ee possible. Vote Walzdruok to. To coordinate "bad shapes" occurring in the rolled product by measuring the difference in tension on various strips running across the width of the strip, determining the vertical deflection at points across the width of the strip §Ohi «affla Tcränderi: mtta, S © fcassa BEÄtelle of an even hydraulic aarcioke of all the stud whales. Each of the single courses of the stud whales exert a tertiary pressure which is applied to them by a hydraulic device depending on the extent of the tensions in that part of this strip Support roller is immediately adjacent acts.

The erfiftduagsgeaie · * Ϊ · Λ «works own 1» Tergltich iu the hererköijB »llcbeß WalKwerkea a · row -wo *. 7ort «il« n. te iat fcöglioh,. j- cylindrical working whales ^ n instead of the domed ffalssii ....

- ■ · ■. . ■■ - ■■ ..-. ■ ■ "" ■ '' * /

which are used in the usual rolling mills. It follows that it is unnecessary to auagu- '

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dew, as is the case with conventional rolling mills, when the width or thickness of the strip is changed, and therefore, in return, the time while the device is idle is reduced.

The device according to the invention can also be used as a means for generating a train on a strip or on a film. Because of the balanced load that goes over the Width of the film is exerted by the work rolls, it can be used to generate a tensile stress without the risk that because of local differences in Tensile stress, the creation of "out-of-the-box shapes" or bulges is to be feared.

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Claims (6)

- patent claims - 1. Rolling mill, which has an upper and a lower mode of operation and has associated supporting wheat, characterized in that that the work rolls (1) are flexible and the backup rolls (2) from two or more rows of short back-up rolls in the axial direction that are in contact with each of the work rolls (T) are located, the back-up rollers (2) touching the work orphans (1) directly or via flexible intermediate rollers (21) that they also touch individual carriers (-J) for one support roller each, one fixed Frame (5) for the inclusion of the individual carrier (3) and outside- ' which has a device (?) for the exertion of essentially equal pressures on each individual rubble, which between the Frame (5) and one of the supports (3) is arranged. 2. Anaprush 1 rolling mill, characterized in that the pressure on the individual support roller bearings (3) by a hydraulic one Container (7) causes a rigid one on the back Has rail (5) and against all supporting roll centers (3) ι their Rolls tiich are in contact with a work roll, presses. 3. Rolling mill according to claim 2, characterized in that the backup rolls * (2) in a row in relation to the backup rollers (2) in one adjacent row are in front in Axialriohtimg. 4. Rolling mill according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual support roller carriers (3) are articulated in a tfeiee on the fixed frame (5) that a vertical movement of the support rollers (2) is made possible: , . 5. Rolling mill according to claim 4, characterized in that the. Turning axis (14) of the support roller center (3) is approximately at the height of the The point of contact between the back-up roll and the "adjacent work rolls" is located. 6. FfaUzwerk according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that resilient
indicates that it has βin ^ device (16) with the the pressure on the back-up roll carrier (3) can be reduced. ?. Rolling mill according to Claim 6, characterized in that the Device (16) only acts on the change of the work roll (1). 9819/0032 - .. _'■: BAD ORIGINAL