DE1470499A1 - Process for the production of lubricating oils - Google Patents

Description

PATENT LAWYERS DR.-ING. BY KREISLER DR.-ING. SCHDNWALD DR.-ING. TH. MEYER DR. FUES DIPL-CHEM. ALEK VON KREISLER DIPL-CHEM. CAROLA KELLER DR.-ING. KLDPSCH COLOGNE 1, DEICHMANNHAUS 1470499

September 2nd L ^c ) 6o Ke / ßr.

P i'l · 70 '199.5

The British Petroleum Company Limited,

Britannic House, Moor Lane, London E.C. 2, (England),

Process for the production of lubricating oils

The invention relates to a method for producing lubricating oils with a high viscosity index.

It has been found that by vacuum redistillation of hydrocarbon distillates which contain at least two of the hydrocarbon types aromatics, paraffins and naphthenes, at a pressure which is below the pressure used in the original distillation, fractions can be obtained in which the quantitative ratio of the different Hydrocarbon types is different than if the redistillation were carried out at the same pressure. In particular, it has been found that the aromatic hydrocarbons tend to accumulate in the lighter fractions. This tendency increases the greater the pressure difference between the original distillation and the redistillation. A process in which this principle is used to separate fractions that are relatively aromatic and to improve the properties of various petroleum distillates is the subject of an earlier proposal »<* · ** Applicant in. Here, hydrocarbon distillate, which has an initial boiling point of at least 150 ° C. and contains at least two of the hydrocarbon types aromatics, naphthenes and paraffins, is subjected to a vacuum recovery.

809101/0172

«« Feeds »

distillation at a pressure less than that of the original distillation such that the aromatics age at relatively lower temperatures; the naphthenes and the naphthenes pass over at relatively lower temperatures than the paraffins. The pressures used in the redistillation are preferably not more than 100 μm Hg and, in particular, are less than air. 1/10, voiv.iigcvieise less than 1/100, of the pressure used in the original distillation. The process is particularly suitable for the treatment of petroleum fractions boiling above 350 C. .

The invention relates to a process for the production of lubricating oils by hydrogenating a lubricating oil starting material obtained by distillation in the presence of sulfur-resistant hydrogenation catalysts at temperatures of at least y? ^l j C and redistillation of the Ilydrierproduktes, which is characterized in that mnη the hydrogenation product at pressures of not more than 100 now Hg, which are less than 1/10 of the pressure of the distillation before the hydrogenation, redistilled and heavy fractions with it separates an increased viscosity index compared to the Ausgarigsmaterial.

The redistillation is preferably carried out at pressures which are less than 1/100 of the pressure used in the original distillation.

Optionally, a number of heavy fractions can be prepared in the manner described and mixed as needed. The viscosity indices of the lubricating oils are improved to the extent that their psraffin content increases Fractions smacked, resulting in better viscosity index · « be obtained. *

In the context of this description are under the expression "through Lubricating oil raw materials obtained from distillation "include both the distillates and the residues of the distillation

to understand. »09801/0 (572 BAD

The hydrogenation is preferably carried out at temperatures of more ALG 400 ⁰ C, particularly at temperatures between ^'1100 ° and 473 ° C, -The pressures are in the range of 5 to 200 atm. and the room flow rate preferably between 0.5 and 6.0 V / V / hour. with an amount of hydrogen from 5 to 250 VA / hour.

The invention is particularly suitable for treating not Verynierol starting materials extracted with solvents and obtained as a distillate. However, the procedure is also applicable to distillation residues. These raw materials can be dewaxed or dewaxed before or after the hydrogenation.

Any sulfur-resistant hydrogenation catalyst can be used will; however, preferred are catalysts which contain the oxides of cobalt and molybdenum, especially those, containing the oxides of cobalt, molybdenum and iron.

Such a catalyst can, for example, have the following composition to have:

CoO 0.1 to 10% by weight; ', preferably 1 to 5% by weight?'

HoO-3 5 "to 25% by weight, preferably 10 to 20% by weight

Fe-gO · ^ 5 to 25 wt .- ^, preferably 10 to 20 wt .-> &

Al ₀ O-, remainder

Be? game

Samples of non-extracted with solvents entparagfinierten oil obtained by vacuum distillation from Kuwait crude oil, hydrogenated at 420 °, 430 ° and 450 ⁰ C in the presence of a Katal ^ ysators the following composition:

Molybdenum trioxide, MoO, l'S> weight-? '

Cobalt oxide, CoO. 3.8% by weight YES

Iron Oxide, Pe ^ O ^, 16

Alumina remainder

0672

The following hydrogenation conditions were used:

Pressure 50 kg / cm

Space flow rate of the oil 1 V / V / hour.

Space flow rate of hydrogen 25 V / V / hour.

Oil and hydrogen were in cocurrent over the catalyst directed. The key figures of the hydrogenation products obtained are given in Table 1 below.

Tabel

At 420 ⁰ C, hydrogenated oil

at

third oil

hy

At 45O ⁰ C. hydrogenated oil

Method

Flammability, ⁰ C

Kinematic viscosity at 37.8 ° C in cS

Pour point, ⁰ C

88 (1)

94.25 -12

136 (1)

76.9 -9

100 (1)

22.7
-12

NF-T 6O.IO5

IP 71

NF-T 6O.IO5

(1) After removing hydrogen sulfide with the help of nitrogen at 65 ^° C.

The hydrogenated products were then distilled under a vacuum of 0.001 mm Hg. The key figures of the various passports received are listed in Tables 2, 3 * and 4 *

-Al.

809901/0672

Tabel

Oil hydrogenated at 420 ° C Kinematic toughness cS
at 98.9 ° C Viscosity
index Pour point
⁰ C • in
at 50 ⁰ C 2.05 52 Factions 5.5 7.0 52 -3 1 36 10 55 2 61 11.2 55 -6 3 74 · 12.5 60 4th 85 14th 65 5 98 15.2 70 6th 105 17.5 75 -12 7th 125 21.5 85 8th 162 34 92 9 320 10

Tabel Oil hydrogenated at 430 ° C

Kinematic toughness öS
at 98.9 ° C Viscosity
index Pour point
⁰ C Factions In
at 50 ⁰ C 1.5 - 0 1 3.2 5 55 2 21 8.5 56 3 48 10.4 59 -3 4th 67 11.4 61 5 74 12.3 64 6th 83 14th 69 7th 96 16 75 -12 8th 110 19.5 84 9 140 26th 95 10 200

T a belle 4 cS
at 98.9 ^O C Viscosity
index Pour point
⁰ C At 450 ° C I. hydrogenated oil Kinematic toughness 1.6 - Factions in
at 50 ⁰ C 2.8 60 1 4.6 62 -12 2 3.6 7.0 65 3 8.6 8.8 67 4th 18th 10.2 75 - 9 5 35 11.5 80 6th 49 15th 90 7th 60 22.5 100 8th 70 9 9 ^ 10 155

It can be seen from these results that the heavier fractions have a high viscosity index

it can be seen that in the case of hydrogenation at 420 ° and
the fractions with the highest viscosity index also have the lowest pour point.

809901/06 73

Claims (6)

Claims Process for producing lubricating oils by hydrogenating a lubricating oil raw material obtained by distillation in the presence of sulfur-resistant hydrogenation catalysts at temperatures of at least 325 C and redistillation of the hydrogenation product, characterized in that the hydrogenation product at pressures of not more than 100 mmHg, which is less than 1/10 the pressure of the distillation before the hydrogenation, redistilled and heavy fractions with an increased Separates viscosity index from the starting material. 2.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Performing redistillation at pressures less than 1/100 of the pressure of the original distillation. 3.) A process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that one of 400 C, preferably to 4-75 ⁰ C, the hydrogenation is carried out at temperatures above the range of 400 °. 4.) A process according to claim 1 to 3>, which comprises carrying out the hydrogenation in the presence of catalysts containing from 0.1 to 10, preferably 1 to 5 wt, - £ cobalt oxide and 5 to 25 wt -.%, Preferably 10 contain up to 20% by weight of molybdenum oxide on aluminum oxide as a carrier. 5.) Process according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that catalysts are used which additionally contain 5 to 25 wt .- #, preferably 10 to 20 wt .- ^ iron oxide. 6.) Process according to claim 1 to 5 »characterized in that the starting materials are dewaxed before or after the hydrogenation. 809901/0672 . per document /! (* tz | i ^ 2iteistt9a «« Jfa »ia * Me« .v.4.9.