DE10213211A1 - Air fractionation in columns producing liquid and gaseous products, exchanges heat with circuit containing recirculated cryogenic liquid - Google Patents

Air fractionation in columns producing liquid and gaseous products, exchanges heat with circuit containing recirculated cryogenic liquid

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Publication number
DE10213211A1
DE10213211A1 DE10213211A DE10213211A DE10213211A1 DE 10213211 A1 DE10213211 A1 DE 10213211A1 DE 10213211 A DE10213211 A DE 10213211A DE 10213211 A DE10213211 A DE 10213211A DE 10213211 A1 DE10213211 A1 DE 10213211A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
evaporator
fluid
air
compressor
circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE10213211A
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German (de)
Inventor
Horst Corduan
Dietrich Rottmann
Christian Kunz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Priority to DE10213211A priority Critical patent/DE10213211A1/en
Publication of DE10213211A1 publication Critical patent/DE10213211A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04872—Vertical layout of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, heat exchangers etc.
    • F25J3/04878—Side by side arrangement of multiple vessels in a main column system, wherein the vessels are normally mounted one upon the other or forming different sections of the same column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04218—Parallel arrangement of the main heat exchange line in cores having different functions, e.g. in low pressure and high pressure cores
    • F25J3/04224—Cores associated with a liquefaction or refrigeration cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04278—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using external refrigeration units, e.g. closed mechanical or regenerative refrigeration units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04333—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04339—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of air
    • F25J3/04345—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of air and comprising a gas work expansion loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04333—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04351—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
    • F25J3/04357—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen and comprising a gas work expansion loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
    • F25J2235/50—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/04—Down-flowing type boiler-condenser, i.e. with evaporation of a falling liquid film
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/20—Boiler-condenser with multiple exchanger cores in parallel or with multiple re-boiling or condensing streams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/40—One fluid being air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/42—One fluid being nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/02—Internal refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/12—External refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/14—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/40—Quasi-closed internal or closed external air refrigeration cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/42—Quasi-closed internal or closed external nitrogen refrigeration cycle

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

Air is introduced into a fractionation system including one or more columns (3, 4). A liquefied product stream (11, 15) is extracted. This is introduced into an evaporator (17), where it is evaporated by indirect heat exchange, and a gaseous product (18) is withdrawn. Fluid (19) is recirculated around a closed circuit (23, 26-31) in which it is compressed (20), liquefied in the evaporator, and returned again to the compressor. The liquefied recirculated fluid (23) is evaporated downstream of the compressor by indirect heat exchange with a condensing, heating fluid (34, 36) in a condensing evaporator (25). Preferred features: The recirculated fluid is an air component or a mixture of them, preferably nitrogen or air. Heating fluid (37) condensed in the condensing evaporator is introduced into one or more the fractionating columns. Heating fluid (34, 36) is extracted from one or more of the separation columns before its introduction into the condensing evaporator. Some of the compressed fluid (22) is expanded to produce power (33) and returned (29, 31, 19) to the compressor. The condensing evaporator is operated as a falling film evaporator.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Tieftemperatur-Luftzerlegung gemäß Patentanspruch 1.The invention relates to a method for low-temperature air separation according to Claim 1.

Durch den Kondensator-Verdampfer, in dem das verflüssigte Kreislauffluid rückverdampft wird, kann die - sonst bei derartigen Kreisläufen übliche - Einführung von verflüssigtem Kreislauffluid in eine oder mehrere Trennsäulen vermieden werden. Vorzugsweise kein Teil des in dem Kreislaufverdichter verdichteten Kreislauffluids in die Trennsäule beziehungsweise in eine der Trennsäulen des Rektifiziersystems eingeleitet werden. Das Rektifiziersystem ist damit vom Kreislaufsystem abgeschottet. Es wird damit unter allen Umständen vermieden, dass Verunreinigungen aus dem Kreislaufsystem in das Rektifiziersystem gelangen. Dies bewirkt ein besonders hohes Maß an betriebstechnischer Sicherheit in dem Rektifiziersystem. Sollte das Kreislauffluid durch Öl aus dem Kreislaufverdichter oder einer Turbine kontaminiert werden, hat dies keinerlei Einfluss auf des Rektifiziersystem.Through the condenser-evaporator, in which the liquefied circulating fluid is reevaporated, the introduction - otherwise usual in such circuits of liquefied circulating fluid in one or more separation columns can be avoided. Preferably no part of the circuit fluid compressed in the circuit compressor in the separation column or in one of the separation columns of the rectification system be initiated. The rectification system is therefore isolated from the circulatory system. It is avoided under all circumstances that contamination from the Circulatory system get into the rectification system. This causes a particularly high one Degree of operational safety in the rectification system. should that Circulation fluid contaminated by oil from the circuit compressor or a turbine this has no influence on the rectification system.

In umgekehrter Richtung kann (muss aber nicht) das Kreislaufsystem durch Fluid aus dem Rektifiziersystem befüllt werden, beispielsweise zum Ausgleich von Verlusten. Dabei muss ein Rückströmen von Kreislauffluid in das Rektifiziersystem wirksam verhindert werden.In the opposite direction, the circulatory system can (but does not have to) be fluid the rectification system, for example to compensate for losses. A return flow of circulating fluid into the rectification system must be effective be prevented.

Das Kreislauffluid kann durch jedes geeignete Fluid gebildet werden. Vorzugsweise wird eine Luftkomponente oder ein Gemisch aus Luftkomponenten, beispielsweise Stickstoff oder Luft, eingesetzt.The circulating fluid can be formed by any suitable fluid. Preferably becomes an air component or a mixture of air components, for example Nitrogen or air.

Vorzugsweise wird die Verflüssigungskälte aus dem kondensierten Kreislauffluid auf ein Heizfluid übertragen, das aus dem Rektifiziersystem stammt und/oder in das Rektifiziersystem eingeleitet wird, insbesondere in eine oder mehrere Trennsäulen. Damit geht diese Kälte dem Trennprozess nicht verloren.The liquefaction cold is preferably released from the condensed circulating fluid transfer a heating fluid that originates from the rectification system and / or into the Rectification system is introduced, in particular in one or more separation columns. This cold does not get lost in the separation process.

Selbstverständlich kann in dem Kreislaufsystem auf die übliche Weise Verfahrenskälte erzeugt werden, indem eine oder mehrere Entspannungsmaschinen (zum Beispiel Turbinen) eingesetzt werden. Selbstverständlich wird das Turbinenabgas im Rahmen des hier beschriebenen Konzepts nicht in das Rektifiziersystem eingeleitet, sondern zum Kreislaufverdichter zurückgeführt.Of course, process cooling can take place in the circulatory system in the usual way generated by one or more relaxation machines (for example  Turbines) are used. Of course, the turbine exhaust gas is in the frame of the concept described here is not introduced into the rectification system, but returned to the circuit compressor.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich zu der in den Kreislauf eingebundenen Turbine könnte Gas (zum Beispiel Stickstoff) aus einer der Trennsäulen des Rektifiziersystems (beispielsweise der Drucksäule eines Zwei-Säulen-Systems) entnommen, arbeitsleistend entspannt und aus dem Verfahren entfernt werden. Auch in diesem Fall wird sichergestellt, dass im Falle einer Kontaminierung des Turbinenabgases kein Öl in die Rektifikation gelangt.As an alternative or in addition to the turbine integrated in the circuit, gas could be used (for example nitrogen) from one of the separation columns of the rectification system (for example, the pressure column of a two-column system), work relaxed and removed from the process. In this case, too it is ensured that in the event of contamination of the turbine exhaust gas, no oil in rectification.

Besonders günstig ist es, als Kondensator-Verdampfer einen Fallfilmverdampfer einzusetzen. Durch die geringe Temperaturdifferenz tritt nur eine geringe Irreversibilität auf. Das Verfahren arbeitet - trotz der kompromisslosen Abschottung zwischen Kreislauf und Rektifikation - energetisch besonders günstig.It is particularly favorable to use a falling film evaporator as a condenser evaporator use. Due to the small temperature difference, there is only a slight irreversibility on. The process works - despite the uncompromising isolation between Circulation and rectification - energetically particularly favorable.

Die Erfindung sowie weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden im Folgenden anhand eines in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.The invention and further details of the invention are described below an embodiment shown schematically in the drawing explained.

Verdichtete und gereinigte Luft 1 wird in einem Hauptwärmetauscher 2 auf etwa Taupunkt abgekühlt und in die Drucksäule 3 eines Rektifiziersystems eingeleitet. Das Rektifiziersystem umfasst in dem Ausführungsbeispiel außerdem eine Niederdrucksäule 4, die über einen Hauptkondensator 5 auf die übliche Weise thermisch mit der Drucksäule 3 gekoppelt ist.Compressed and cleaned air 1 is cooled in a main heat exchanger 2 to approximately dew point and introduced into the pressure column 3 of a rectification system. In the exemplary embodiment, the rectification system also comprises a low-pressure column 4 , which is thermally coupled to the pressure column 3 in the usual way via a main capacitor 5 .

Rohsauerstoff 6, 7 vom Sumpf der Drucksäule und Stickstoff 8, 9 vom Kopf der Drucksäule werden flüssig in die Niederdrucksäule eingespeist, nachdem sie in einem Unterkühlungs-Gegenströmer 10 abgekühlt wurden. Als Produkte verlassen flüssiger Sauerstoff 11 und gasförmiger Stickstoff 12 die Niederdrucksäule 4. Letzterer wird in den Wärmetauschern 10 und 2 angewärmt und schließlich als Produkt-, Rest- und/oder Regeneriergas 13 abgezogen.Raw oxygen 6 , 7 from the bottom of the pressure column and nitrogen 8 , 9 from the top of the pressure column are fed into the low-pressure column in liquid form after they have been cooled in a subcooling countercurrent 10 . Liquid oxygen 11 and gaseous nitrogen 12 leave the low-pressure column 4 as products. The latter is heated in the heat exchangers 10 and 2 and finally drawn off as product, residual and / or regeneration gas 13 .

Ein Teil des flüssigen Sauerstoffs 11 aus der Niederdrucksäule 4 wird über eine Pumpe 14 in den Verdampfungsraum des Hauptkondensators 5 gefördert. Ein anderer Teil 15 bildet den "Produktstrom", wird mittels einer Pumpe 16 auf den benötigten Produktdruck gebracht und in einem Produktverdampfer 17 verdampft. (Die Worte "verdampfen" und "kondensieren"/"verflüssigen" sind in dieser Anmeldung in einem verallgemeinerten Sinne zu verstehen, sodass auch eine Pseudo-Verdampfung und eine Pseudo-Verflüssigung bei überkritischem Druck umfasst sind.) In dem Produktverdampfer findet bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gleichzeitig die Anwärmung auf etwa Umgebungstemperatur statt, unter der das gasförmige Produkt 18 schließlich abgezogen wird.Part of the liquid oxygen 11 from the low-pressure column 4 is conveyed into the evaporation space of the main condenser 5 via a pump 14 . Another part 15 forms the "product stream", is brought to the required product pressure by means of a pump 16 and evaporated in a product evaporator 17 . (The words "evaporate" and "condense" / "liquefy" are to be understood in this application in a generalized sense, so that pseudo-evaporation and pseudo-liquefaction at supercritical pressure are also included.) In the product evaporator in the exemplary embodiment at the same time the heating takes place to approximately ambient temperature, below which the gaseous product 18 is finally drawn off.

Zur Verdampfung und Anwärmung des Produktstroms 15 dient ein Kreislaufsystem, in dem Stickstoff 19 in einem Kreislaufverdichter 20 mit Nachkühler 21 auf den benötigten Druck verdichtet, über Leitung 22 in den Produktverdampfer 17 eingeleitet, und dort zum Teil verflüssigt wird. Der Produktverdampfer 17 stellt hier gleichzeitig den Kreislauf-Wärmetauscher des Kreislauf-Systems dar. Das verflüssigte Kreislauffluid 23 wird auf etwa den Betriebsdruck der Drucksäule 3 entspannt (24) und in den Verdampfungsraum eines Kondensator-Verdampfers 25 eingeleitet, der vorzugsweise als Fallfilmverdampfer ausgebildet ist. (Auf das bei einem Fallfilmverdampfer häufig notwendige Umwerfen von nicht verdampfter Flüssigkeit kann hier verzichtet werden, da hier ausschließlich Stickstoffströme eingesetzt werden und daher systembedingt keinerlei sicherheits- oder betriebstechnisches Risiko besteht.) In dem Kondensator- Verdampfer 25 erzeugter Stickstoff-Dampf 26, 27, 28, 29 wird in den Wärmetauschern 17 und 2 angewärmt und über die Leitungen 30, 31 und 19 zum Kreislaufverdichter zurückgeführt. In dem Kreislaufsystem wird außerdem Kälte durch arbeitsleistende Entspannung 33 eines Teils 32 des Kreislauffluids 22 gewonnen. Bei Bedarf kann gasförmiger Stickstoff 34 aus der Drucksäule 3 über Ventil 35 in das Kreislaufsystem eingeführt werden, um Leckverluste auszugleichen; der Druck in der Kreislaufrückführleitung 26, 27, 28, 29 ist dazu geringfügig niedriger als der Druck am Kopf der Drucksäule 3.For the evaporation and heating of the product stream 15 , a circulation system is used in which nitrogen 19 is compressed to the required pressure in a circuit compressor 20 with aftercooler 21 , introduced into the product evaporator 17 via line 22 , and is partially liquefied there. The product evaporator 17 here also represents the circuit heat exchanger of the circuit system. The liquefied circuit fluid 23 is expanded to approximately the operating pressure of the pressure column 3 ( 24 ) and introduced into the evaporation chamber of a condenser evaporator 25 , which is preferably designed as a falling film evaporator. (The overturning of non-evaporated liquid, which is often necessary in a falling-film evaporator, can be dispensed with here, since only nitrogen flows are used here and therefore there is no safety or operational risk due to the system.) Nitrogen vapor 26 , 27 , generated in the condenser evaporator 25 28 , 29 is heated in the heat exchangers 17 and 2 and returned via lines 30 , 31 and 19 to the circuit compressor. In the circulatory system, cold is also obtained by work-relieving relaxation 33 of a part 32 of the circulating fluid 22 . If necessary, gaseous nitrogen 34 can be introduced from the pressure column 3 via valve 35 into the circulatory system in order to compensate for leakage losses; the pressure in the circuit return line 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 is therefore slightly lower than the pressure at the top of the pressure column 3 .

In dem Verflüssigungsraum des Kondensator-Verdampfers 25 kondensiert gasförmiger Stickstoff 34, 36 vom Kopf der Drucksäule 3 unter dem Betriebsdruck dieser Säule. Die dabei gebildete Flüssigkeit fließt über Leitung 37 zurück in die Drucksäule (beziehungsweise über die Leitungen 8 und 9 weiter in die Niederdrucksäule 4). In the liquefaction space of the condenser-evaporator 25, gaseous nitrogen 34 , 36 condenses from the top of the pressure column 3 under the operating pressure of this column. The liquid thus formed flows back via line 37 into the pressure column (or via lines 8 and 9 further into the low pressure column 4 ).

Selbstverständlich ist es bei dem Verfahren möglich, ein oder mehrere Flüssigprodukte, zum Beispiel aus den Strömen 9, 11, 23 und/oder 37 zu gewinnen.It is of course possible in the process to obtain one or more liquid products, for example from streams 9 , 11 , 23 and / or 37 .

Die hier gelehrte spezielle Art der Abschottung des Kreislaufs mittels des Kondensator- Verdampfers 25 ist unabhängig von der Ausbildung des Rektifiziersystems. Diese Lehre kann bei jedem Luft- oder Gaszerlegungsprozess angewendet werden, insbesondere bei jedem Luftzerlegungssystem, beispielsweise bei einem Einsäulen- Verfahren, bei jedem anderen Zwei-Säulen-Verfahren und auch bei Drei- und Mehr- Säulen-Verfahren zur Stickstoff-Sauerstoff-Trennung. Selbstverständlich kann das Rektifiziersystem außerdem weitere Säulen zur Gewinnung von Edelgasen, beispielsweise Argon, Krypton und/oder Xenon aufweisen.The special type of partitioning of the circuit taught here by means of the condenser-evaporator 25 is independent of the design of the rectification system. This teaching can be used in any air or gas separation process, in particular in any air separation system, for example in a one-column process, in any other two-column process and also in three- and multi-column processes for nitrogen-oxygen separation. Of course, the rectification system can also have further columns for the extraction of noble gases, for example argon, krypton and / or xenon.

Abweichend von dem Ausführungsbeispiel können zwei oder mehr Turbinen in dem Kreislaufsystem eingesetzt werden.Deviating from the exemplary embodiment, two or more turbines in the Circulatory system can be used.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel kann abgewandelt werden, indem an Stelle von Stickstoff Luft als Kreislauffluid eingesetzt wird. In diesem fall ist es jedoch günstiger als Kondensator einen ein- oder mehrstufigen Badverdampfer (Thermosiphon-Verdampfer, Umlaufverdampfer) einzusetzen, beispielsweise einen Kaskadenverdampfer, wie er in EP 1160527 A1, EP 1160526 A1 oder in der nicht vorveröffentlichten DE 10 13 7103 A1 und den dazu korrespondierenden Patentanmeldungen beschrieben ist.The embodiment can be modified by replacing nitrogen with air is used as a circulating fluid. In this case, however, it is cheaper than a capacitor a single or multi-stage bath evaporator (thermosiphon evaporator, Circulation evaporator), for example a cascade evaporator, as in EP 1160527 A1, EP 1160526 A1 or in the unpublished DE 10 13 7103 A1 and the corresponding patent applications are described.

Ein ähnliches Verfahren und eine entsprechende Vorrichtung sind in D.E. Smith, Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 1961, 202-209, Fig. 4 gezeigt.A similar method and a corresponding device are shown in DE Smith, Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 1961, 202-209, Fig. 4.

Claims (6)

1. Verfahren zur Tieftemperatur-Luftzerlegung, bei dem Einsatzluft in ein Rektifiziersystem eingeleitet wird, das eine Trennsäule oder mehrere miteinander verbundene Trennsäulen (3, 4) aufweist, ein Produktstrom (11, 15) in flüssiger Form aus dem Rektifiziersystem entnommen, in einem Produktverdampfer (17) durch indirekten Wärmeaustausch verdampft und als gasförmiges Produkt (18) abgezogen wird, ein Kreislauffluid (19) in einem Kreislaufsystem geführt wird, indem es in einem Kreislaufverdichter (20) verdichtet, mindestens zum Teil in dem Produktverdampfer verflüssigt und anschließend wieder zum Kreislaufverdichter (20) zurückgeführt (23, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31) wird, wobei das verflüssigte Kreislauffluid (23) stromaufwärts des Kreislaufverdichters durch indirekten Wärmeaustausch mit einem kondensierenden Heizfluid (34, 36) in einem Kondensator-Verdampfer (25) verdampft wird.1. A method for low-temperature air separation, in which feed air is introduced into a rectification system which has a separation column or a plurality of interconnected separation columns ( 3 , 4 ), a product stream ( 11 , 15 ) in liquid form taken from the rectification system, in a product evaporator ( 17 ) evaporated by indirect heat exchange and withdrawn as a gaseous product ( 18 ), a circulating fluid ( 19 ) is conducted in a circulating system by compressing it in a circulating compressor ( 20 ), liquefying it at least partly in the product evaporator and then again to the circulating compressor ( 20 ) is returned ( 23 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ), the liquefied circuit fluid ( 23 ) upstream of the circuit compressor by indirect heat exchange with a condensing heating fluid ( 34 , 36 ) in a condenser-evaporator ( 25 ) is evaporated. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Kreislauffluid eine Luftkomponente oder ein Gemisch aus Luftkomponenten, beispielsweise Stickstoff oder Luft, eingesetzt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as a circulating fluid Air component or a mixture of air components, for example nitrogen or air. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das in dem Kondensator-Verdampfer (25) kondensierte Heizfluid (37) in eine oder mehrere der Trennsäulen (3, 4) des Rektifiziersystems eingeleitet wird.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the condensed in the condenser-evaporator ( 25 ) heating fluid ( 37 ) is introduced into one or more of the separation columns ( 3 , 4 ) of the rectification system. t. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Heizfluid (34, 36) vor seiner Einleitung in den Kondensator-Verdampfer (25) aus einer oder mehreren der Trennsäulen (3, 4) des Rektifiziersystems entnommen wird.t. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heating fluid ( 34 , 36 ) is removed from one or more of the separation columns ( 3 , 4 ) of the rectification system before it is introduced into the condenser-evaporator ( 25 ). i. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Teil (32) des in dem Kreislaufverdichter verdichteten Kreislauffluids (22) arbeitsleistend entspannt (33) und wieder zum Kreislaufverdichter (20) zurückgeführt (29, 31, 19) wird.i. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a part ( 32 ) of the circuit fluid ( 22 ) compressed in the circuit compressor is relaxed ( 33 ) while performing work and is returned ( 29 , 31 , 19 ) to the circuit compressor ( 20 ). i. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kondensator-Verdampfer (25) als Fallfilmverdampfer betrieben wird.i. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the condenser-evaporator ( 25 ) is operated as a falling film evaporator.
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