DE102020112000B4 - Multifunctional trailer - Google Patents

Abstract

Trailer (10) with a chassis comprising a base frame (12), and a drawbar (14) which is arranged pivotably relative to the base frame (12) at a point between a front edge (18) of the base frame (12) and a wheel (20) of the trailer (10), wherein the trailer (10) can be lowered at the rear by pivoting the base frame (12) about an axis (34) arranged between the wheel axles and the trailer (10) has a lateral perforated rail system (76) and/or receptacles for receiving, for example, tensioning belts, wherein a. the trailer (10) has a guide (67) for a container which comprises two lateral strips between which a recess is formed for at least partially receiving the container and/or b. the trailer (10) has at least one foldable ramp (36, 38, 54) with a length greater than or equal to 60 cm at its rear end.

Description

The invention relates to a trailer with a chassis comprising a base frame, and a drawbar which is pivotably arranged relative to the base frame at a point between a front edge of the base frame and a wheel of the trailer.

Such a trailer is, for example, from the EN 10 2018 121 747 A1 The trailer known from this publication is a trailer for loading and/or unloading a container. The trailer is designed to tip a loaded container sideways along at least one long side of the trailer. Additionally or alternatively, the trailer can be designed to be lowerable at the rear. This also makes it possible, for example, to drive construction machinery onto the trailer and transport it with it.

From the EN 10 2017 100 091 A1 A truck trailer is known which has a structure for swap bodies, namely roll-off containers for bulk goods such as rubble, earth, sand and the like, whereby the roll-off container has rollers. The trailer comprises a drawbar, a support area for the roll-off container and, at the drawbar end of the support area, securing devices for the rollers of the roll-off container.

Another trailer is in the US 2012/0013093 A1 disclosed.

The DE 20 2014 102 921 U1 discloses a vehicle, in particular a vehicle trailer, with a chassis, an axle and a body, wherein the chassis has a longitudinal member with a profiled cross-section on each of its longitudinal edges, wherein the profiled cross-section has a horizontal profile section which forms a base for the load-bearing connection with the axle and a part of the body, in particular a loading floor.

The object of the present invention is to provide a multifunctional trailer with which containers or mobile machines can be transported and secured during the journey.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a trailer having the features of patent claim 1.

By providing a guide for a container or a trough, the trailer is suitable for the transport of containers and troughs, whereby the guide ensures that the container is aligned at least substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the trailer.

This ensures that the container can be reliably locked onto the trailer.

If the trailer additionally or alternatively has at least one ramp with a length greater than or equal to 60 cm, in particular greater than or equal to 80 cm, preferably greater than or equal to 90 cm, particularly preferably greater than or equal to 1 m, very particularly preferably greater than or equal to 2 m, vehicles to be transported, such as rollers or locomotives, can be driven onto the trailer at a very slight gradient.

The guide for the container can comprise two side strips between which a recess is formed to at least partially accommodate the container. The strips create a long, stable guide.

If roller holders are provided to hold the container's rollers, the container can rest flat on the strips. Furthermore, the container is correctly positioned lengthwise when the container's rollers are in the roller holders.

Further advantages arise when an alignment device is provided for aligning a container. The alignment device can center the container so that it can be reliably locked in place using container locks. The alignment device (more than one alignment device can be provided) can have at least one, preferably two, very preferably four, alignment elements. An alignment element can be arranged on the trailer so that it can be moved vertically or pivoted. It can also be part of a locking device. It can be plugged into the locking device. The at least one alignment element can taper towards its free end, in particular be wedge-shaped at the end.

The trailer preferably has a support leg which is arranged on the drawbar or on the base frame. It is particularly preferred if a fastening point for the support leg is provided both on the drawbar and in the area of the front edge of the base frame and the support leg can be fastened either to the drawbar or to the base frame. If the support leg is fastened to the drawbar, the drawbar can be held at a certain height so that a towing vehicle can drive up to the drawbar and the trailer can be pulled up to the towing vehicle. vehicle can be coupled. It is also possible to park the trailer without having to lower the drawbar or to lower the trailer at the rear while keeping the drawbar in a certain position. It is also possible to keep the trailer's loading area in a horizontal position when the trailer is parked.

If the support leg is attached to the front edge of the base frame, the drawbar can be placed on the ground and the trailer can still be kept in a horizontal position. This makes it possible for a vehicle that has loaded a container, for example, to drive very close to the trailer, in particular drive over the drawbar, and then transfer the container from the vehicle to the trailer.

The support leg can be attached to the drawbar in a different orientation than to the base frame. This is particularly advantageous if the support leg is designed as a support winch and has a crank for operating the support winch. The support leg can thus be attached to the base frame in such a way that the crank is easily accessible.

Further advantages arise when the support leg is adjustable in length. This can be achieved in particular by designing the support leg as a support winch. This means that the drawbar can be set to different heights and the height can be adjusted to suit different towing vehicles to which the trailer is to be attached. In addition, the support leg can be set to different heights, depending on whether it is attached to the drawbar or the base frame.

The trailer can be lowered at the rear. This makes it particularly easy to drive vehicles to be transported onto the trailer.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the trailer has a two-axle pendulum axle unit or air suspension unit. Alternatively, a parabolic spring unit can be provided. This makes it particularly easy to lower the chassis and in particular the base frame at the rear towards the ground. This can make loading and unloading containers easier. On the other hand, loading and unloading machines to be transported can also be easily accomplished.

Particular advantages arise if the trailer has an additional frame that can be pivoted about at least one, preferably three axes with respect to the base frame. A container, for example, can be attached to the intermediate frame. Alternatively, the intermediate frame can have a loading area or flatbed. Because the intermediate frame can be pivoted relative to the base frame, the loading area or the container can be tilted relative to the base frame. For example, the container or the loading area can be pivoted about an axis that runs parallel to the wheel axles. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the intermediate frame can be tilted about an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the trailer, i.e. to the left and/or to the right. If three tilting axles are provided, the trailer is designed as a three-way tipper.

At least one tipping cylinder can be arranged between the base frame and the additional frame. By extending the tipping cylinder, the additional frame can tip sideways or backwards together with the container or loading floor arranged or loaded on it. By retracting the tipping cylinder, the additional frame can be moved back to a horizontal starting position. The tipping cylinder can be designed as a double-acting cylinder. This also makes it possible to clamp the additional frame onto the base frame. The tipping cylinder can be a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder.

It is also conceivable that the additional frame can be secured to the base frame by means of releasable locks, preferably bolt or cramp locks. These locks allow the intermediate additional frame to be rotatably secured to the base frame. For example, one or more left-hand locks can be closed while the right-hand locks are open. This makes it possible for the additional frame to be tilted to the left. If the intermediate frame is to be tilted to the right, the corresponding right-hand locks must be closed while the left-hand locks are opened so that the intermediate frame can tilt to the right. If the intermediate frame is to tilt backwards, the rear-side locks must be closed while the left and right-hand locks are open. The locks can be operated hydraulically and/or pneumatically. At least four such locks can be provided, in particular at least two locks on each of the two long sides of the base frame.

The additional frame and/or the base frame can have at least one container lock, in particular a hydraulic one. This allows a container to be secured to the trailer. The at least one, preferably several container locks can be arranged on a locking device that can be mounted on the base frame or on the additional frame. A container can be releasably secured to the additional frame or base frame by means of the container locks. The at least one container lock can be designed as a hydraulically actuated bolt lock.

The trailer can have at least one rear support. This can prevent the trailer from tipping backwards while it is being loaded. In addition, the trailer can be secured in a horizontal position when parked. Furthermore, the trailer can be lowered on the rear support when the rear is lowered so that the loading area and the at least one ramp form a level surface.

The trailer can have a flatbed floor with a plug-in strip into which cross jaws can be inserted. The cross jaws can be used to create stops for machines that are transported on the trailer. This can prevent the load from slipping during the journey.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the trailer can have a flatbed floor that has receptacles for stanchions. The stanchions can be designed as tubes or angle profiles. In particular, if they are designed as angle profiles, formwork profiles can be inserted between the angle profiles. This means that several formwork profiles can be stacked on top of one another and transported safely.

The trailer can have at least one foldable ramp at its rear end. This makes it possible, for example, for work machines to drive onto the trailer when the trailer is lowered to the rear. It is conceivable to provide only one foldable ramp that extends across the entire width of the trailer. Alternatively, it is conceivable to provide two ramps, the distance between which corresponds approximately to the track width of the machines to be driven onto.

The at least one ramp can be folded down hydraulically or with spring support. This makes handling easier for an operator. Further advantages arise if the at least one ramp can be folded. This makes it possible to create a longer ramp that is bent or folded in the transport position. In particular, a ramp that is 2 m or longer can be created in this way. With such a long ramp, a very slight gradient can be achieved, so that machines or vehicles that can only manage a slight gradient can be driven onto the trailer.

At least one of the ramps can have a railway track. This makes it possible, for example, to drive a locomotive onto the trailer and then transport it. In the case of a locomotive in particular, it is advantageous if the ramps are particularly long. This means that the railway tracks can be provided, in particular, on the bendable ramps.

Another possible use for the trailer is if it has a tarpaulin frame. This means that the loading area of the trailer can be covered with a tarpaulin.

The tarpaulin frame can have sliding rails at the top so that a tarpaulin can be moved along the tarpaulin frame to load the trailer.

The platform can have a rubber covering. This makes it possible, for example, to drive a roller safely onto the trailer. Alternatively or additionally, at least one ramp can also have a rubber covering.

The trailer can also have a perforated rail system on the side to accommodate tensioning belts, for example. This means that the load can be secured particularly well on the trailer.

To secure cargo, it is also advantageous if the trailer has pull-out U-brackets for holding tensioning straps, for example. Since the U-brackets are pull-out, they can also be retracted into the bed of the truck so that they do not pose an obstacle when they are not needed.

A cable winch, particularly a hydraulic or electric one, can be provided in the area of the front edge of the base frame. This can, for example, help to pull loads onto the trailer.

In a further embodiment, a support block with a slide-in unit can be provided. For example, a conveyor belt can be placed on the support block if it is to be transported on the trailer.

The trailer can have an ABS braking system. This means that the trailer can also be operated at speeds greater than 62 km/h.

Further features and advantages of the invention emerge from the following detailed description of embodiments of the invention, based on the figures, which show details essential to the invention, and from the claims. The features shown in the drawing are shown in such a way that the special features of the invention can be made clearly visible. The various features can be implemented individually or in groups in any combination in variants of the invention.

• 1 eine Seitenansicht einer ersten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Anhängers mit knickbaren Rampen;
• 2 eine Seitenansicht des Anhängers mit abgesenkter Deichsel;
• 3 eine Seitenansicht des Anhängers in einer heckseitig abgesenkten Position;
• 4 eine Seitenansicht des Anhängers mit nach hinten abgekipptem Zusatzrahmen;
• 5 eine Ansicht von hinten des Anhängers mit zur Seite abgekipptem Zusatzrahmen;
• 6 eine perspektivische Ansicht des Anhängers mit eingesteckten Rungen;
• 7 eine Draufsicht auf den Anhänger;
• 8 eine Seitenansicht eines Anhängers mit Planengestell;
• 9 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Anhängers mit Einschiebling und Lagerbock,
• 10 eine Verriegelungseinheit.

Show it:

• 1 a side view of a first embodiment of the trailer according to the invention with foldable ramps;
• 2 a side view of the trailer with the drawbar lowered;
• 3 a side view of the trailer in a rear lowered position;
• 4 a side view of the trailer with the additional frame tilted backwards;
• 5 a view from the rear of the trailer with the additional frame tilted to the side;
• 6 a perspective view of the trailer with inserted stakes;
• 7 a top view of the trailer;
• 8th a side view of a trailer with tarpaulin frame;
• 9 a perspective view of a trailer with insert and bearing block,
• 10 a locking unit.

The 1 shows a trailer 10 with a base frame 12, which is part of a chassis. The trailer 10 also has a drawbar 14, which is arranged at the point 16 between a front edge 18 and a wheel 20 so as to be pivotable relative to the base frame 12. In the embodiment shown, a support foot 22 is arranged on the drawbar 14, via which the drawbar 14 is supported on the ground 24.

In the area of the front edge 18 of the base frame 12, a fastening plate 26 can be seen to which the support leg 22 can be attached if required. For this purpose, the fastening plate 26 has a hole pattern 28 which allows the support leg 22 to be attached at different heights. It should be noted that the support leg 22 itself is adjustable in length. In particular, the support leg 22 is designed as a support winch. An actuating crank 30 is provided for this purpose.

The drawbar 14 can be pivoted relative to the base frame 12 via a pivoting mechanism 32 which can be actuated in particular hydraulically or pneumatically.

The trailer 10 has a two-axle pendulum axle unit 33, which is part of the chassis. The base frame 12 is therefore part of the chassis and can be pivoted about the axle 34. This makes it possible to lower the trailer 10 at the rear as shown in the illustration, with the trailer 10 being supported on the ground 24 via a support 35. This lowering movement is implemented by the pivoting mechanism 32, which can have a hydraulic component in order to pivot the base frame 12 and thus the entire rear of the vehicle relative to the drawbar 14 and thus lower it at the rear.

At the rear end, the trailer 10 has two ramps 36, 38. The ramps 36, 38 are bendable ramps. The ramp 38 is shown in the bent state. In order to reduce wind resistance during travel, the ramps 36, 38 are designed as bendable ramps so that they can be bent during travel, as shown for the ramp 38. The ramp 36 is shown in the unfolded state. Here it can be seen that the ramp 36 is very long. Because the trailer 10 is not completely lowered to the ground at the rear, but is supported on the ground 24 via the support 35, the loading area 40 of the trailer 10 has a slight incline.

The ramp 36 essentially extends the loading area 40 without changing the gradient. It is therefore possible to drive a vehicle to be transported onto the trailer 10 at a very slight gradient.

Furthermore, the trailer 10 has an additional frame 42, which is described in more detail below.

The drawbar 14 has a towing eye 44 with which a connection to a towing vehicle can be made. The towing eye 44 can be adjusted in a direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the drawbar 14 and orthogonal to it via the connecting section 46. This allows adaptation to the towing vehicle to be used.

In the embodiment of the trailer according to the 2 the drawbar 14 is not supported by the support leg 22, but is placed on the ground 24. The support leg 22 is in a different orientation in the area of the front edge 18, in the in particular to the fastening plate 26 of the trailer 10. The base frame 12 and the additional frame 42 arranged thereon can thus be held or supported in a horizontal position. It is therefore possible for a vehicle to drive very close to the trailer 10, in particular to drive over the drawbar 14 and to transfer a container from the vehicle to the trailer 10 without the trailer 10 tipping forward. In order to secure a container that is placed on the trailer 10, container locks are provided, which will be described later. These can be operated hydraulically or pneumatically.

In the embodiment of the trailer 10 according to the 3 the support leg 22 is again attached to the drawbar 14. The base frame 12 is pivoted relative to the drawbar 14. The trailer 10 is lowered at the rear. In particular, the base frame 12 rests directly on the ground 24. This means that the (rear) support 35 is missing in this case. The loading area 40 thus takes up a larger angle to the ground 24 than in the 1 The long ramps 36, 38 are not required in this case. Instead, a ramp 54 is provided which extends over the entire width of the trailer 10. A vehicle to be transported can now drive onto the trailer 10 via the ramp 54. In the exemplary embodiments shown, the trailer 10 does not have an additional frame 42.

In the embodiment according to the 4 the support foot 22 is in turn arranged in the region of the front edge 18 of the base frame 12 and supports the trailer 10 such that the base frame 12 is aligned horizontally.

Locking units 60, 62 are arranged on the additional frame 42, which have the container locks, with which in this case a trough 64 with side walls 56 is fixed to the additional frame 42. The additional frame 42 is pivoted relative to the base frame 12, namely by a tilting cylinder 58. The additional frame 42 is pivoted relative to the base frame 12 in particular about an axis that runs parallel to the wheel axles. In the rear area of the base frame 12, the additional frame 42 is connected to the base frame 12 via a detachable tilting bearing that defines the tilting axis.

In the 4 Not visible are the locking mechanisms, which in this case are released to allow the additional frame 42 to be pivoted backwards. The additional frame 42 can be secured to the base frame 12 using the locking mechanisms. Such locking mechanisms are provided on the right and left sides of the additional frame 42. If the locking mechanisms are only released on one side and those on the other side remain locked, the locked locking mechanisms form a pivot axis around which the additional frame 42 can be pivoted sideways. Stops 63 designed as half shells for rollers of the trough 64 or a container are provided on the additional frame 42 to prevent these from slipping backwards when the additional frame 42 is tipped over.

This is also in the 5 shown. On the left side, the stop 63 is visible, while on the right side it is hidden so that the roller 65 of the trough 64 can be seen better. Furthermore, in the 5 a sideways tipping (to the left) of the additional frame 42 is shown. For this purpose, the left-hand locks are closed so that the additional frame 42 can be tipped to the left via the tipping cylinder 58. The right-hand locks are released. To enable tipping to the right, the left-hand locks and the rear tipping bearing would have to be released and the right-hand locks closed. When the side wall 56 is opened, bulk material located in the trough 64 can be unloaded.

In the embodiment of the 6 of the trailer 10, it can be seen that the trailer has a platform floor 66 which has plug-in strips 68 for cross jaws 70. The cross jaws 70 can serve as a stop for goods or machines to be transported.

Furthermore, receptacles 72 for plug-in stanchions 74 are provided. Loads can be secured using the plug-in stanchions 74. A lateral perforated rail system 76 can also be seen, which can accommodate tensioning belts, for example, to secure loads. In addition, pull-out U-brackets 78 are provided, which can also be used to secure transported goods. The U-brackets 78 can be provided at the front and/or rear end of the trailer 10. The perforated rail systems 76 can be provided on the left and right sides of the trailer 10.

Lateral guides 67 designed as strips form a guide for a container or a trough. The platform floor 66 lies between the guides 67. The top of the platform floor 66 lies lower than the top of the guides 67, so that a receptacle for at least partially receiving a container or a trough is formed between the guides 67. The container or the trough can lie flat on the top of the guides 67.

Locking units 60, 62 are provided on the trailer 10. To align the con An alignment device 69 is used for the tainer/trough. In the embodiment shown, the alignment device 69 has four alignment elements 71 which taper towards their free end, in particular are wedge-shaped at the end. In the embodiment shown, the alignment elements 71 are arranged on the locking units 60, 62, in particular inserted into them. In one variant, it can be provided that the alignment elements 71 can be lowered into the platform floor 66 or are arranged so that they can pivot.

In the embodiment shown, the locking units are arranged on the base frame 12. If the trailer 10 has an additional frame 42, at least one, preferably both, locking units can be arranged on the additional frame 42.

In the 10 a locking unit 60 is shown. The locking unit 62 is designed in a similar way. Here it can be seen that the locking unit 60 has the four alignment elements 71, which are arranged rigidly but can be removed manually on the body 75 of the locking unit 60. Hydraulically or pneumatically pivotable container locks 50, 52 can also be seen, which pivot when the container or trough is placed on top and centered by the alignment elements 71 and lock the container or trough on the trailer 10.

At the end of the guides 67, roller holders 73 are provided for holding rollers of the container/trough.

The 7 shows a plan view of the trailer 10 according to the 6 , but without the plugged-in stakes. Otherwise, the information related to the 6 described elements are marked with corresponding reference numbers. Here it can also be seen that the support foot 22 is arranged at the front edge 18.

The special feature of the embodiment according to the 8th is that the trailer 10 has a tarpaulin frame 80 so that the loading area of the trailer 10 can be covered by a tarpaulin. The tarpaulin frame 80 can have a rail system in the upper area so that the tarpaulin can be pushed back at the top so that loading the trailer 10 is made easier.

In the design of the trailer according to the 9 it can be seen that the platform floor 66 has a rubber covering 82 in some areas, which allows a roller to be driven onto it. Furthermore, a support block 84 with a slide-in part 86 can be seen at the front end of the trailer 10. A conveyor belt can be placed on the support block 84 or supported by it during transport, for example.

Claims (22)

Trailer (10) with a chassis comprising a base frame (12) and a drawbar (14) which is arranged pivotably relative to the base frame (12) at a point between a front edge (18) of the base frame (12) and a wheel (20) of the trailer (10), wherein the trailer (10) can be lowered at the rear by pivoting the base frame (12) about an axis (34) arranged between the wheel axles and the trailer (10) has a lateral perforated rail system (76) and/or receptacles for receiving, for example, tensioning belts, wherein a. the trailer (10) has a guide (67) for a container which comprises two lateral strips between which a recess is formed for at least partially receiving the container and/or b. the trailer (10) has at least one foldable ramp (36, 38, 54) with a length greater than or equal to 60 cm at its rear end. Trailer after Claim 1 , characterized in that roller holders (73) are provided for receiving rollers of the container. Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an alignment device (69) is provided for aligning a container. Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trailer (10) has a support leg which is arranged on the drawbar or on the base frame (12). Trailer after Claim 4 , characterized in that a fastening point for the support foot (22) is provided both on the drawbar (14) and in the region of the front edge (18) of the base frame (12), and the support foot (22) can be fastened optionally to the drawbar (14) or to the base frame (12). Trailer for one of the preceding Claims 4 or 5 , characterized in that the support foot (22) can be fastened to the drawbar (14) in a different orientation than to the base frame (12). Trailer for one of the preceding Claims 4 until 6 , characterized in that the support foot (22) is adjustable in length. Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trailer (10) can be lowered at the rear. Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trailer (10) has a two-axle pendulum axle unit (33) or an air spring unit. Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trailer (10) has an additional frame (42) which is pivotable with respect to the base frame (12) about at least one, preferably three axes. Trailer after Claim 10 , characterized in that the additional frame (42) and/or the base frame (12) has at least one, in particular hydraulic, container locking device (50, 52). Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trailer (10) has at least one rear support (35). Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trailer (10) has a platform floor (66) with a plug-in strip (68) into which cross jaws (70) can be inserted. Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trailer (10) has a platform floor (66) which has receptacles (72) for plug-in stanchions (74). Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one ramp (36, 38, 54) can be folded down hydraulically or with spring support. Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one ramp (36, 38) is foldable. Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the ramps (36, 38, 54) comprises a railway track. Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trailer (10) has a tarpaulin frame (80). Trailer after Claim 18 , characterized in that the tarpaulin frame (80) has sliding rails at the top so that a tarpaulin can be moved along the tarpaulin frame (80) for loading the trailer (10). Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the platform floor (66) and/or a ramp has a rubber covering (82). Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a cable winch, in particular a hydraulic or electric one, in the region of the front edge (18) of the base frame (12). Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a support bracket (84) with an insert (86) is provided.

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