DE102019102622A1 - Dry-bolted / inserted building made of precast concrete parts - Google Patents

Abstract

Precast concrete part, a building made with it in the shell and method for assembling it without mortar and grouting, with prefabricated concrete parts entering into a connection by means of a form fit and additionally a plug-in and / or screw connection.

Description

The invention relates to a prefabricated concrete part, a building made of these prefabricated concrete parts and a method for assembling such a building from prefabricated concrete parts.

State of the art

1. I. Die vermutlich am weitesten verbreitete Lösung, besteht im Einsatz von Betonfertigteilsystemen, bei denen die Fugen und Anschlussbereiche „nass“ mit Mörtel oder Vergussbeton kraftschlüssig verbunden werden. Zur Zug-/Verschiebungssicherung wird bei Stahlbetonfertigteilen mit einer blanken Anschlussbewehrung gearbeitet, die in die Vergussöffnung des Anschlussbauteils ragt und durch den Vergussbeton die Lagesicherung des Anschlussbauteils sicherstellt. Ergänzend wird in Sonderfällen zur verbesserten seitlichen Schubsicherung bzw. zur besseren allgemeinen Kraftübertragung zwischen den Bauteilen eine geometrische Ausformung als „Taschenausbildung“ vorgenommen (Frick/Knöll: Baukonstruktionslehre 1. Erfurt 2015, 36. Auflage - S. 277, .64).
2. II. Eine vergleichsweise selten genutzte Lösungsmethode ist das „CD20 Bouwsystemen“, bei dem mittels eines komplexen Stahlkopplungssystems eine teilweise mörtel- und vergussfreie Verbindung von Betonfertigteilen hergestellt wird. Die Stützenelemente stehen dabei auf den Deckenelementen und ihren Stahlkopplungen. Wandelemente und die Basisstützen werden allerdings weiterhin im Mörtelbett versetzt (Knaack/Chung-Klatte/Hasselbach: Systembau - Prinzipien der Konstruktion. Basel 2012. 1. Auflage - S. 77, ).
3. III. Die Verbindung von Stahlbetonfertigteilen kann weiterhin durch mit der Tragbewehrung verschweißte Verbindungsplatten aus Stahl oder Edelstahl erfolgen. Dabei wird der kraftschlüssige Verguss zum Teil durch das nachträgliche Verschweißen der Verbindungsplatten der Bauteile ersetzt (Frick/Knöll: Baukonstruktionslehre 1. Erfurt 2015, 36. Auflage - S. 280, .71).
4. IV. Fertigteilhauskonstruktionen in verschiedenen Ausführungen (zumeist Platten- oder Raumelementebauweisen) verlagern den Manufakturprozess der bisherigen vor-Ort Produktion in eine wettergeschützte und ergonomische Werksumgebung.

Devices and methods for the conventional construction of buildings from prefabricated parts (including reinforced concrete) are known from various sources. Some conventional solutions (numbered with Roman numerals) are presented below:

1. I. Probably the most widespread solution is the use of precast concrete systems in which the joints and connection areas are non-positively connected with mortar or grouting concrete. In order to secure tension / displacement, precast reinforced concrete parts work with a bare connection reinforcement that protrudes into the casting opening of the connection component and ensures the position of the connection component is secured by the casting concrete. In addition, in special cases for improved lateral thrust protection or for better general power transmission between the components, a geometrical shape is carried out as “pocket training” (Frick / Knöll: Baukonstruktionslehre 1. Erfurt 2015, 36th edition - p. 277, .64).
2. II. A comparatively rarely used solution method is the “CD20 Bouwsystemen”, in which a complex mortar and grout-free connection of precast concrete parts is made using a complex steel coupling system. The support elements stand on the ceiling elements and their steel couplings. However, wall elements and the basic supports are still placed in the mortar bed (Knaack / Chung-Klatte / Hasselbach: System construction - principles of construction. Basel 2012. 1st edition - p. 77, ).
3. III. Pre-fabricated reinforced concrete parts can still be connected using steel or stainless steel connecting plates welded to the supporting reinforcement. The non-positive casting is partially replaced by subsequent welding of the connecting plates of the components (Frick / Knöll: Baukonstruktionslehre 1. Erfurt 2015, 36th edition - p. 280, .71).
4. IV. Prefabricated house constructions in various designs (mostly slab or room element designs) shift the manufacturing process of the previous on-site production to a weather-protected and ergonomic factory environment.

• zu I. Der „nasse“ Versatz von Bauteilen begrenzt den Einsatz dieser Bauweise im Wesentlichen auf Temperaturen von über 5° C. Dann muss mit einer Aushärtungszeit von 3 - 7 Tagen für die belastungsfähige Ersterhärtung bzw. 27 Tage für die geplante Belastungsfähgikeit gerechnet werden. Sinken die Temperaturen unter 5° C, verlängert sich die Aushärtung um ein Vielfaches oder stoppt sogar gänzlich. Bei eintretendem Frost besteht die Gefahr der Eislinsenbildung an den Verbindungsstellen (Aufsprengen der Verbindungsstellen). Bei hohen sommerlichen Temperaturen (mit und ohne direkter Sonneneinstrahlung) müssen die Verbindungsstellen regelmäßig nachgenässt werden, um eine rissfreie Erhärtung zu gewährleisten.

However, these conventional methods have some disadvantages:

• to I. The "wet" offset of components essentially limits the use of this construction method to temperatures above 5 ° C. Then a hardening time of 3 - 7 days for the resilient initial hardening or 27 days for the planned resilience must be expected. If the temperature drops below 5 ° C, the hardening takes several times longer or even stops completely. If frost occurs, there is a risk of ice lens formation at the connection points (bursting of the connection points). At high summer temperatures (with and without direct sunlight), the connection points must be rewet regularly to ensure crack-free hardening.

To II. With this construction method, complex steel couplings must be produced, which then do not guarantee torque-proof connections (static evaluation as pendulum supports).

This means that stiffening wall panels must be arranged. Furthermore, the use of non-system wall and ceiling systems is not possible or only with great difficulty. The basic elements (connections on the foundation) and wall panels must still be moved "wet".

III. This construction method requires a longer assembly time with special knowledge (welding work), increases the risk of accidents on the construction site (gas cylinders, open fire) and also requires subsequent chemical treatment of the connection points with evaporating rust and fire protection agents, which must also be applied in multiple layers. The drying times of the different layers of paint also extend the actual assembly process.

For IV. Prefabricated houses are conventionally prefabricated by craftsmen with special knowledge in the factory. The time reduction is largely limited to a short assembly time on site, which in turn is carried out by personnel with special knowledge. There is no automated assembly or mass production of the individual components - the components remain special solutions or unique items. Non-destructive disassembly options do not currently seem to be used. With GDR prefabricated buildings, for example, only possible reuse of approx. 38% of all Parts of a building can be counted. These in turn are subject to extensive testing and recovery efforts (cf. iEMB eV; Berlin, 2007: https : / /bit.ly/2MM3Klj) .

Disclosure of the invention

The device and method according to the invention with the features of the independent claims has the advantage that a construction system is provided for the building industry, which ensures weather-independent (temperature and humidity) assembly and disassembly in the shortest possible time at a favorable price by a mortar and grout-free assembly is made possible and a weather-dependent wet connection can be dispensed with.

Here, a precast concrete element, which is designed for mortar and grouting-free assembly with at least one other precast concrete element for a building shell, contains a connection point that has a shape that forms a positive connection with another precast concrete element or a foundation. In addition, a receiving device for a plug-in and / or screw connection between the precast concrete part and the other precast concrete part or foundation is shaped or embedded in the precast concrete part or is embedded in concrete.

The invention advantageously combines plug-in elements and screw connections to form a weather-independent (i.e. temperature and humidity-independent) quick-assembly system, which at the same time produces torque-proof connections.

• - Die Montage und Demontage kann wetterunabhängig erfolgen, die Wintersaison wird so für das Baugewerbe erschlossen.
• - Bei der Montage und Demontage ist durch die Erfindung ein minimalisierter Zeit- und Maschinenansatz möglich.
• - Zur Montage und Demontage ist kein besonderes Spezialwerkzeug oder Spezialwissen notwendig.
• - Die Bauteile des Systems können flexibel erweitert und zurückgebaut werden. Die zerstörungsfreie Demontage ermöglicht eine Wiederverwendung in neuen Bauwerken und reduziert somit den zukünftigen Ressourcenbedarf im Bauwesen.
• - Zusätzliche aussteifende Maßnahmen wie nachträgliche Verspannungen oder die Anordnung von Mauerwerksscheiben in der Konstruktion können durch die momentenfesten Bauteilverbindungen vermieden werden.
• - Diese neue Rohbaufertigungsweise ermöglicht gleichzeitig durch ihre Systemoffenheit (Ausbau und Fassade) und ihre reduzierte Geometrie (Stützen, Unterzüge) die vollindividualisierbare Errichtung von Gebäuden, ohne umfängliche Vorfabrikationszwänge, wie bei Fertigteilhauskonstruktionen (vgl. Plattenbau- bzw. Raumelementebauweise) bisher üblich.
• - Durch die Reduzierung der konstruktiv notwendigen Bauteile im Grundriss auf wenige punktförmige Stützen, ist eine maximale Gestaltungsfreiheit (auch nachträglich) gegeben.
• - Die Erfindung ermöglicht die Kombination des Systems mit einer großen Vielzahl an bekannten Bauteil- und Konstruktionslösungen. Dadurch wird eine Einsatzbandbreite in allen Bereichen des Bauwesens gewährleistet.
• - Wenn gewünscht, dann kann ein mit dem System geplantes Gebäude nachträglich mit diesem Konstruktionssystem aufgestockt werden.
• - Die Systemstatik kann standardmäßig für die erhöhte Lastklasse B2 (Gewerbe, Gesundheitswesen usw.), die höchsten Windlasten und die höchsten Schneelasten ausgelegt. Die Mindestklassifizierung des Brandwiderstandes wird mit R120 den Anforderungen an öffentliche Gebäude entsprechen. So können mit dem System errichtete Gebäude über ihren Lebenszyklus umfänglich und wesentlich umgenutzt werden.
• - Die massenhaft automatisierte Herstellung von gleichartigen Stahlbetonfertigteilen wird durch die Erfindung ermöglicht. Durch die teil- bis vollautomatisierte Vorfabrikation der Bauteile in einer kontrollierten Fabrikumgebung und die einfache schnelle Montage vor Ort, können die benötigten Mannstunden pro Gebäude signifikant reduziert werden.
• - Aus der kurzen Montagezeit und dem vereinfachten Tragwerk ergeben sich empfindliche zeitliche Einsparungen in der Gebäudefertigstellung. Wo die herkömmliche Bauweise für ein Gebäude mit 14.000 m² ca. zwei Jahre Rohbauzeit benötigt, ist mit der Erfindung eine Rohbaufertigstellung in 2 - 4 Monaten möglich (bis zu Faktor 6 für die Zeitersparung).
• - Die Kostenreduktion des Errichtungspreises beträgt zumindest 40 % bis 50 % gegenüber marktüblichen Errichtungspreisen für Wohngebäude in Massivbauweise.

Additional advantages:

• - Assembly and disassembly can take place regardless of the weather, thus opening up the winter season for the construction industry.
• - During assembly and disassembly, the invention enables a minimized time and machine approach.
• - No special tools or special knowledge is required for assembly and disassembly.
• - The components of the system can be flexibly expanded and removed. The non-destructive dismantling enables reuse in new structures and thus reduces the future resource requirements in the construction industry.
• - Additional stiffening measures such as subsequent tensioning or the arrangement of masonry slabs in the construction can be avoided by the component connections that are torque-resistant.
• - Thanks to its system openness (expansion and facade) and its reduced geometry (columns, beams), this new method of building the shell enables the construction of buildings to be fully customizable, without extensive pre-fabrication constraints, as was previously the case with prefabricated house constructions (see panel construction and room element construction).
• - By reducing the constructionally necessary components in the floor plan to a few punctiform supports, there is maximum design freedom (even afterwards).
• - The invention enables the combination of the system with a large variety of known component and construction solutions. This ensures a range of applications in all areas of construction.
• - If desired, a building planned with the system can be retrofitted with this construction system.
• - The system statics can be designed as standard for the increased load class B2 (trade, healthcare, etc.), the highest wind loads and the highest snow loads. The minimum classification of fire resistance with R120 will meet the requirements for public buildings. Buildings constructed with the system can thus be extensively and substantially re-used over their life cycle.
• - The massively automated production of similar reinforced concrete prefabricated parts is made possible by the invention. Due to the partially to fully automated prefabrication of the components in a controlled factory environment and the simple, quick assembly on site, the man hours required per building can be significantly reduced.
• - The short assembly time and the simplified structure result in significant time savings in the completion of the building. Where the conventional construction method for a building with 14,000 m ² requires roughly two years of shell construction, the invention enables the shell to be completed in 2 - 4 months (up to a factor of 6 to save time).
• - The cost of the construction price is at least 40% to 50% compared to standard construction prices for residential buildings in solid construction.

In a further embodiment, the receiving device of the precast concrete part comprises a sleeve, connecting mandrel, pin, hole or cutout.

In a further embodiment of the precast concrete element, the precast concrete element provides a support or Wall of a building, which is set up in the vertical direction and carries at least one ceiling element and / or another support or wall.

In a further embodiment of the precast concrete element, the support or wall has at least one support bracket for supporting or attaching a ceiling element, ring anchor element and / or beam element.

In a further embodiment of the precast concrete element, the precast concrete element is a ceiling element, beam element or wall element.

In a further embodiment of the precast concrete element, at least one connecting mandrel, optionally with a rectangular cross section, is formed in the precast concrete element. The connecting mandrel is designed to engage in the other precast concrete part.

In a further embodiment of the precast concrete element, a plug-in sleeve or an internal thread or a threaded bolt is introduced or concreted into the precast concrete element.

In a further embodiment of the precast concrete part, recesses are provided in the concrete of the precast concrete part. Threaded bolts, their heads, nuts and / or caps can be sunk into these.

In a further embodiment of the precast concrete element, the precast concrete element has a support bracket which is suitable for positively receiving the support bracket or support bracket of the other precast concrete element. A hole or a concrete screw in the support surface of the support bracket in the direction transverse to the support surface is available and suitable to form a positive connection with a concrete screw or a hole in the other precast concrete element in the support surface plus screw connection through the holes.

In a further embodiment of the precast concrete element, the precast concrete element is designed to be connected to the other precast concrete element via a tongue and groove connection. Here
the screw connection is screwed into a concrete-embedded thread in the second groove plate by means of fitting bolts which are guided through a groove plate and the spring.

In a further embodiment of the precast concrete element, a sealing mat is inserted or glued into the joint between the precast concrete element and the other precast concrete element.

Furthermore, a building in the shell contains structural parts from a plurality of precast concrete parts according to the invention. These are joined together by a form fit. In addition, the precast concrete parts are connected to one another by plug-in and / or screw connections.

In a further embodiment of the building in the shell, the plurality of prefabricated concrete parts comprises four columns and at least one ceiling element. The supports support the at least one ceiling element.

In a further embodiment of the building, threaded or dowel bolts or screws are inserted through the recesses in the precast concrete element and the holes in the connecting mandrel. These are screwed with a lock nut and optionally a washer. Alternatively or additionally, the lock nut is welded to the threaded or fitting bolt.

Furthermore, a method for the construction of a building in the shell comprises a precast concrete part according to the invention and another precast concrete part which are positioned in such a way that they form a positive connection with the other. In addition, a plug or screw connection is then inserted or screwed with connecting elements (such as connecting mandrels or screws).

Further exemplary embodiments are described and explained in more detail below with reference to the attached figures.

• 1 ein Gebäude im Rohbau;
• 2a einen Doppelverbindungsdorn;
• 2b einen Verbindungsdorn einseitig betoniert in einer Stütze;
• 2c einen Verbindungsdorn einseitig betoniert in einem Fundament;
• 3a eine montierte Decke in Draufsicht;
• 3b eine montierte Decke in Seitenansicht;
• 4a eine Verbindung von zwei Deckenelementen;
• 4b eine Verbindung von Ringanker und Deckenelement;
• 4c eine Eckverbindung von Stütze, Unterzug, Ringanker und Deckenelement;
• 5 ein Unterzugsystemschnitt mit Trockenbaudecken;
• 6 eine Explosionszeichnung der Bauteile.

Show it:

• 1 a building under construction;
• 2a a double link mandrel;
• 2 B a connecting mandrel concreted on one side in a support;
• 2c a connecting mandrel concreted on one side in a foundation;
• 3a a mounted ceiling in top view;
• 3b a mounted ceiling in side view;
• 4a a connection of two ceiling elements;
• 4b a connection between ring anchor and ceiling element;
• 4c a corner connection of support, beam, ring anchor and ceiling element;
• 5 a joist system cut with drywall ceilings;
• 6 an exploded view of the components.

As in 1 shown comprises a building according to the invention 1 different in the shell Precast concrete elements such as columns 2nd , Ceiling elements 3rd , Beams 4th .

In this figure, a support system section with section AA according to. 3a shown.

Precast concrete parts can be made in particular from reinforced concrete, textile concrete, textile reinforced concrete and fiber concrete.

Two or more supports 2nd , also called (load-bearing) posts or columns, can also pass through a wall or wall element 5 be replaced. For this, the wall must take on the load-bearing properties of the supports. In the following, the structure is only described for columns, but applies equally to load-bearing walls.

Support 2nd are with each other or with the foundation 10th via connecting pins 7 connected. These connections can be plugged in or (additionally) screwed. Alternatively, mandrels could also be referred to as bolts or pins.

The connecting mandrel 7 that with a precast concrete element (e.g. two supports 2nd or between the column and the foundation 10th ) is connected to a suitable opening 22 in another precast concrete element (in this case a column 2nd ) guided / inserted and thus forms a second form fit. The first form fit can already be achieved through the contour of the contact surfaces 21 of both parts, which are already made to fit each other at the factory.

In the foot or head area of the precast concrete element, especially the column 2nd or the foundation 10th , the opening 22 through a sleeve 23 be formed, which is concreted into the precast concrete element or is otherwise connected to it. This sleeve 23 can be a socket, optionally have an internal thread and z. B. be made of metal. The sleeve 23 can, if necessary, be provided with a funnel shape at the entrance of the opening to make it easier to assemble / plug the two precast concrete parts.

For example, another support 2nd by means of a plug-in sleeve concreted in the foot area 23 , with its opening 22 on the connecting mandrel 7 the support below 2nd or the foundation 10th be postponed.

The shape of the cross-section of the connecting mandrel 7 can be round, but the connection might not be secured against torque. In order to absorb moments (around the z-axis) between the two precast concrete elements, a connecting mandrel is available 7 which is polygonal, for example rectangular in cross section, so that the connecting mandrel 7 not in the opening 22 can turn. The rectangular cross section of the connecting mandrels 7 and the precisely fitting receptacles 23 additionally guarantees the necessary torsional rigidity of the parts connection.

The parts described, like a sleeve 23 , Connecting mandrel 7 , Hole 72 or recess 33 , 38 each form a receiving device which connects to at least one shape-complementary receiving device of another precast concrete element. The terms hole, bore and recess are often used interchangeably and refer to a passage for receiving a threaded bolt 71 , 32 , 27 . Additionally or alternatively, a recess can also comprise a recessed receptacle for a head of a threaded bolt or its lock nut 34 .

Through sideways through holes 72 Threaded bolts inserted in the connecting pins 71 and a lock nut with washer (not shown because it is on the back) on the back, the two precast concrete parts are screwed together using the mandrel. The screw connection can be elastic or non-elastic depending on the requirements of the building.

Generally, instead of threaded bolts 71 , 27 , 32 fitting bolts or screws are also meant or used. It is important for shear forces on the threaded bolts 71 , 27 , 32 the inhibition of movement and, in the case of tensile forces, the bracing of the two connected precast concrete elements, e.g. B. between the head of the threaded bolt 71 or the concreted side and z. B. a nut or weld on the other side. This creates either a non-positive or positive connection between the two precast concrete parts. Whether threaded bolts 27 or screws (with the head side) in a component is irrelevant.

The threaded bolts are usually through holes or recesses 24th , 33 , 38 inserted in the precast concrete and / or the other precast concrete. According to the invention, different threaded bolts and holes / recesses for connecting different types of precast concrete parts (support 2nd , Ceiling element 3rd , etc.) described (see different reference numerals), all of which work according to the operating principle described. Possibly. According to the invention, the connection described for two specific types of precast concrete elements can also be transferred to other types of precast concrete elements.

If necessary, the threaded or fitting bolts 71 be welded to the lock nut at certain points so that the lock nut does not come loose can, in order to meet increased static requirements, e.g. B. in buildings 1 with increased dynamic loads such as parking garages or high-rise buildings.

The head of the bolt 71 and the lock nut are cut out 24th in the concrete of the supports 2nd recorded so that they do not have to protrude laterally from the component. The cover of the bare metal parts (bolt 71 and mother), as it is e.g. B. due to fire protection, takes place by means of plug-in caps. These can be plastic caps with a visible surface made of refractory material such as concrete or plaster in the necessary thickness. Such would also be the cutouts 24th cover so that a smooth visible surface of the precast element would be guaranteed.

By arranging several screw points (in the 3rd Shown) between a connecting mandrel 7 and a support attached to it 2nd , for the first time, horizontal forces (e.g. wind loads on the facade or braking and starting movements on the ceiling) can be reliably absorbed by the support connection. Subsequent reinforcement measures on the building can thus be omitted or minimized.

In the 2nd are the enlarged sections 1 for different types of connecting mandrels 7 shown. This can be found in section AA of 3a again.

In 2 B is the connecting mandrel 7 Concreted in at the upper end of a column (column mandrel 7b) . The connecting mandrel can be used to manufacture the precast concrete part in the factory 7 be cast in when the precast concrete is cast and be made in one piece, or after the precast concrete is cast in the moist state of the concrete, be subsequently inserted / pressed in and thus be made from two pieces that form an integral connection.

In 2c is the connecting mandrel 7 in a column foundation 10th concreted in (foundation mandrel 7c) . Both types of thorns 7b and 7c can, in the case of reinforced concrete, with the respective connection reinforcement of the precast reinforced concrete part 2nd or foundations 10th into which they are concreted in a force-fit connection (e.g. welded on). Elastic washers can be used for the screw connection or the nut can be welded without using an elastic washer.

The column foundation 10th can be built in in-situ concrete with a pre-tied reinforcement cage.

In 2a is the connecting mandrel 7 as a retrofittable double connection mandrel 7a shown. Here is the connecting mandrel 7a on both sides in one in the respective supports 2nd concreted socket 23 pushed and put together. This variant is particularly suitable for an extension of the building that does not have a support mandrel 7b protrudes beyond the roof, but only when the double connecting mandrel is added 7a is installed.

Thus, if desired, a building planned with the system can 1 can be subsequently increased with the help of the construction system according to the invention. For this purpose, appropriately designed standardized precast elements with a higher load capacity are used, double connecting mandrels 7a and sleeves 23 and appropriately sized foundations 10th used.

A separate one-piece double connecting mandrel is thus also described 7a , which is formed on each side of the connecting mandrel 7a into an opening or receptacle 23 of a precast concrete element according to the invention to intervene and form a positive connection.

In 3a and 3b are in a top and a side view of the building 1 the installation of a ceiling is shown.

This will be beams 4th with the supports 2nd screwed. Two such parts are screwed together using one in a support bracket 25th the prop 2nd cast-in threaded bolt 27 that goes vertically through a corresponding opening 28 in the support bracket 43 of the joist is inserted. The screwing is done in the same way as the screwing of the supports 2nd with each other, albeit vertically, not horizontally.

Depending on how many support elements are connected in a horizontal direction, a support can have a corresponding number of support brackets 25th have in the corresponding direction of the support elements (e.g. beams 4th or ring anchor elements 9 ) protrude. So supports can 2nd which are installed in a corner of the building, fewer support brackets 25th (e.g. 2 pieces) while side supports 2nd another support bracket 29 own and supports inside the building have four support brackets. Alternatively, a single circumferential support bracket can also be provided. Special support brackets 25th can also be designed as monocrete, beam shoes or PC consoles.

The supports (or sheets) 41 of the beams 4th are designed to work with the support bracket 25th in combination with a smooth bottom view a fugue 42 form, which can be easily connected with masonry or drywall. With larger distances between the supports (e.g. required in parking garages) it may be that the joist is not flush with the ceiling, but is visible (provided the ceiling is not suspended).

To reduce the visible construction height of the joist, a geometric shape of the joists can be used 4th and support brackets or support brackets 25th as an inverted "T". The ceiling elements are on the side supports 43 the beam or the support brackets 25th hung up. An elastic and / or full-surface sealing mat can be used to ensure smoke and soundproofing 8th in the joint 42 between support bracket 25th and beam 4th be glued in.

There are 2 types of ceiling elements 3rd . The one with regulations 36 each have a one-sided geometric attachment tab (including recess 33 for threaded or fitting bolts 32 and for flush screwing) and a support (including a threaded or fitting bolt embedded in concrete) 32 in statically required number) for connection to the ceiling system.

Ceiling elements as a finishing element 37 have a two-sided geometric attachment tab (including recess 33 for threaded or fitting bolts 32 and for flush screwing). The attachment tab 31 one side lies on a support bracket 31 another ceiling element 36 on while the top tab 31 the other side on the ring anchor element 9 lies on.

The described connections between two support brackets 31 or a support bracket 31 and a support console 25th form a positive connection. The screwing of the contact surface 31 one of the precast concrete with the through the hole 33 with the threaded bolt concreted in the other precast concrete part 32 leads to an additional adhesion of the two precast concrete parts. In one way and / or another you can do connections between ceiling elements 3rd , Ceiling element 3rd and beam 4th , Beam 4th and prop 2nd or ceiling element 3rd and prop 2nd getting produced.

The 4th show the assembly of ceiling elements, partly in cross section along the section CC.

In 4a is shown as ceiling elements 3rd with each other in the support brackets 31 cast-in threaded bolt 32 are connected by appropriate openings 33 inserted in the ceiling element. The screws are screwed in the same way as the joists 4th by means of lock nuts embedded in the component 34 on washers 35 from above. Finally, a cap 39 introduced, which, as described for the caps elsewhere, can level the visible surface and meet the requirements of fire protection.

An elastic and pressure-resistant sealing mat (vertical or horizontal) 81 can be used for sound-free and smoke-free sealing of all relevant joint areas (supplemented if necessary with additional fire protection joints on the room side).

In 4b becomes a connection between ring anchors 9 and ceiling element 3rd shown. In the contact surface of the ring anchor 9 threaded bolts embedded in concrete 32 reach into recesses 38 of the ceiling element 3rd one and are screwed.

Ring anchor elements can be installed at ceiling height 9 between the supports 2nd be introduced. These are both with the ring anchor console 29 the supports 2nd , as well as with the ceiling elements 3rd connected by screwing from above.

A sealing mat can be used to ensure smoke and soundproofing 81 into the joint between the ceiling element 3rd and beam 4th or support 2nd elastic or full-surface sealing mats, depending on the application and tightness requirements.

In 4c will be the assembly of a prop 2nd with a support bracket 25th for the support of a beam 4th and a support console 29 for supporting a ring anchor element 9 shown. The lower support has a connecting pin 7 , which is inserted in the upper support 2nd protrudes. As described above, these two are screwed together.

The beam too 4th is already shown assembled and lies with its support bracket 43 on the support console 25th on. To lock it in place in the support bracket 25th cast-in threaded bolts 27 through a hole 28 in the support area 43 put through. Between the support bracket 25th and beam 4th can be a sealing mat 8th be introduced.

The next step, as shown, is the ring anchor element 9 to assemble. This is just like the joist with the support on the support bracket 29 applied for the ring anchor element and thereby through a hole 28 on a concrete screw 27 attached. A sealing mat can also be used here 8th be introduced.

In the last assembly step, the ceiling element 3rd on the ceiling beams from Unterzug 4th and ring anchors 9 placed and with a hole 38 in the ceiling element 3rd on a threaded bolt 27 put on, screwed and thus locked.

Wall elements 5 Depending on the wall thickness, they are screwed using a horizontal tongue and groove connection or with connecting pins. If the wall thickness is sufficient around reinforced groove flaps, i.e. the lateral boundaries that form the recess of the groove, are to be formed at the base of the wall, the connection is preferably made by fitting bolts, which can absorb higher transverse forces, such as threaded bolts. These are passed through at least one groove tab and the tongue and screwed into a concrete thread in the second groove tab.

The one-sided penetration (i.e. assembly with only one groove tab) has the advantage that the erection of a work scaffold can be avoided or the use of two fitters on each wall side per fastening point is not necessary. The risk of sound and smoke transmissions in this way is also excluded.

If the wall thickness and thus the flap thickness is not sufficient for this type of connection, the required number of connecting mandrels are arranged along the edge of the wall pane, analogous to the supports, in order to be connected in push-in sleeves 23 to be inserted and then screwed with threaded or fitting bolts. Optionally, a sealing mat can be inserted between the tongue and groove.

In the case of a plug-in connection with fitting bolts, an impact sleeve, which is inserted in the precast concrete part, is advantageous in order to reduce the play of the bolt as much as possible (press fit if necessary).

The vertical connection of wall elements to each other is carried out in the same way as the ceilings, using brackets and threaded bolts, or also using tongue and groove, and screwing, as with the horizontal wall connection method. The bolt heads and lock nuts with washers can also be accommodated through recesses in the component. The covering of the bare metal parts can be done with plug-in caps, e.g. B. a plastic cap with a visible surface made of refractory material such as concrete or plaster in the necessary thickness.

The fastening of facade elements on the main structure is done e.g. B. via stiffened, L-shaped and line-like angle plates. The bracing of the angle plates is carried out by means of vertically arranged triangular plates, e.g. B. by welding in the necessary intervals. The mounting brackets are attached to threaded bolts that are doweled in or embedded in concrete in the ring anchor or ceiling element and that are passed through expansion hole openings in the mounting bracket. The screw connection is done by lock nuts with washers. Subsequently, the screed with insulation is left out and the floor is brought to the required height using an easily removable fill. The vertical mounting tabs on the facade element can, for. B. covered by drywall panels with appropriate substructure.

In 5 is a section BB through a system with beams 4th and supports 2nd and an expansion solution. A drywall suspended ceiling 6 is at a distance of z. B. 12.5 cm to the underside of the beam 4th , or ceiling element 3rd , if the latter is flush with the beam, attached. Cables and pipes can be flexibly accommodated by the resulting cavity.

In 6 an exploded drawing is shown, in which the individual parts are shown in plan view (and partly also in side view). Most of the components or precast elements described are shown here.

Reference list

1

building

2nd

Support

3rd

Ceiling elements

4th

Beams

5

walls

6

Suspended ceiling

7

Connecting mandrel

8th

Sealing mat

9

Ring anchor

10th

foundation

21

Bearing surface

22

opening

23

Sleeve

24th

Hole / recess

25th

Support console

27

Threaded bolt

28

Hole / recess

29

Support console

31

Support bracket / attachment bracket

32

Threaded bolt

33

Recess / bore

34

Lock nut

35

Washer

36

Ceiling element

37

Ceiling element

38

Hole / recess

39

cap

41

Supports / sheets

42

Gap

43

Support / support surface

71

Threaded bolt

72

Hole / recess

81

Sealing mat

Claims (15)

Precast concrete part, which is designed for mortar and grouting-free assembly with at least one other precast concrete part for a shell of a building (1), wherein a connection point has a shape that forms a positive connection with another precast concrete part or foundation (10), characterized that in addition a receiving device for a plug-in and / or screw connection between the precast concrete part and the other precast concrete part or foundation (10) is shaped / embedded / embedded in the precast concrete part. Precast concrete according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the receiving device comprises a sleeve (23), connecting mandrel (7), pin, bore (33), hole (72) or recess (38). Precast concrete according to one of the Claims 1 to 2nd , characterized in that the precast concrete part represents a column / wall (2) of a building (1) which is erected in the vertical direction and carries at least one ceiling element (3) and / or a further column / wall (2). Precast concrete according to Claim 3 , characterized in that the support / wall (2) has at least one support bracket (25, 29) for supporting / attaching a ceiling element (4), ring anchor element (9) and / or beam element (4). Precast concrete according to one of the Claims 1 to 2nd , characterized in that the precast concrete element is a ceiling element (3), beam element (4) or wall element (5). Precast concrete part according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one connecting mandrel (7), optionally with a polygonal cross section, is formed in the precast concrete part, the connecting mandrel (7) being designed to engage in the other precast concrete part. Precast concrete part according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plug-in sleeve (23) or an internal thread or a threaded bolt (71, 27, 32) is inserted / concreted into the precast concrete part. Precast concrete part according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that recesses (24, 33, 38) are provided in the concrete of the precast concrete part, in the threaded bolts (71, 27, 32), their heads, nuts (34) and / or caps (39 ) can be sunk. Precast concrete part according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the precast concrete part has a support plate (31) which is suitable for positively receiving the support plate (31) or support bracket (25, 289) of the other precast concrete part, with a bore or a threaded bolt embedded in concrete ( 27, 32) in the support surface of the support bracket (31) in the direction transverse to the support surface and is suitable, with a concrete bolt (27, 32) or a bore (33, 38) of the other precast concrete element in the support surface plus screwing through the Bores (33, 38) enter into a positive connection. Precast concrete part according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the precast concrete part is designed to be connected to the other precast concrete part via a tongue and groove connection, the screw connection being guided by dowel bolts which are guided through a tongue and groove in an embedded thread in the second groove tab is screwed. Precast concrete part according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sealing mat (8, 81) is inserted or glued into the joint between the precast concrete part and the other precast concrete part. Building (1) in the shell, the load-bearing parts of a plurality of precast concrete in accordance Claim 1 are formed, which are joined together by positive locking, characterized in that the precast concrete parts are additionally connected to one another by plug-in and / or screw connections. Building (1) under construction Claim 12 , characterized in that the plurality of prefabricated concrete parts comprises four supports (2) and at least one ceiling element (3), the supports (2) supporting the at least one ceiling element (3). Building according to one of the Claims 12 - 13 , characterized in that threaded / fitting bolts / screws (71) are inserted through recesses (24) in a prefabricated concrete part and holes (72) in the connecting mandrel (7) and are screwed and optionally welded with a lock nut and an optional washer. Process for the construction of a building (1) in the shell, wherein a precast concrete element according to Claim 1 and another precast concrete part is positioned in such a way that it forms a positive connection with the other and, in addition, a plug or screw connection is then plugged or screwed with connecting elements (such as connecting mandrels (7) or screws).

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