DE102019003479A1 - Process for optimizing the performance of an active system - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for optimizing the performance of an active system is described, the active system having an explosive charge core with a predetermined explosive mass and a fragmentation casing which has a casing mass predetermined in relation to the explosive mass and radially encloses the explosive charge core. The method comprises determining an area of an individual fragment based on a predetermined fragment mass, a thickness of the fragment casing and the mass density of the material of the fragment casing, determining a number of splinters that is required to form the fragment casing based on the determined surface area of an individual fragment and the surface area of an outer surface of the splinter envelope, and a determination of a fragment shape of the splinters based on the determined area of the individual splinters in such a way that with the determined number of splinters a closed parquet forming the fragment envelope can be formed and that a sum of the edge lengths of the splinters is minimal.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for optimizing the performance of an active system, in particular for optimizing the speed and / or the penetration capacity of fragments into which a fragment envelope of the active system breaks down.

Warheads or other effective systems often have an explosive charge core and a fragment casing that surrounds the explosive charge core. In the event of a detonation of the explosive charge core, the fragment casing breaks up into a multitude of fragments. The effect of these splinters on a target is mainly determined by their momentum and thus by their mass and speed.

In the DE 101 30 324 A1 an active system with an explosive charge core and a fragmentation case enclosing the explosive charge core is described, with a notch grid being arranged between the explosive charge core and the fragmentation case in order to optimize the performance of the fragments in order to specifically influence the decomposition of the fragmentation case.

It is the object of the present invention to further improve the performance of an active system.

This object is achieved by a method with the features of claim 1.

According to one aspect of the invention, a method for optimizing the performance of an active system is provided, the active system having an explosive charge core with a predetermined explosive mass and a fragment casing which has a casing mass predetermined with respect to the explosive mass and radially encloses the explosive charge core. The explosive charge core has, in particular, an explosive or is formed from an explosive and is thus set up to split the fragment casing into a plurality of fragments.

The method comprises determining an area of an individual fragment on the basis of a predetermined fragment mass, a thickness of the fragment casing and the mass density of the material of the fragment casing. The thickness of the fragmentation casing is specified and is determined by a desired ratio between the mass of the fragmentation casing and the mass of the explosive charge core, the so-called "Gurney ratio", which is preferably in a range between 3 and 0.4, for a respective material of the fragmentation casing certainly. To achieve a desired effect through a single splitter, e.g. In order to penetrate a (steel) target of a certain thickness at a certain distance from the active system, a minimum fragment mass of the individual fragment can be determined using ballistic criteria known to the person skilled in the art. With a constant thickness of the fragment envelope, the surface area of an individual fragment can be determined using the specified fragment mass, the thickness of the fragment envelope and the mass density of the material of the fragment envelope, the area of the base area of the fragment.

In a further step of the method, a number of splinters, which is required to form the fragment casing, is determined on the basis of the determined area of an individual splinter and the area of an outer surface of the fragment casing. Here, the area of the outer surface is ultimately divided by the area of a single splinter.

Furthermore, a splinter shape of the splinters is determined based on the determined surface area of the individual splitter in such a way that with the determined number of splinters a closed parquet forming the splinter envelope can be formed and that a sum of the edge lengths of the splinters is minimal. In this step, an optimal geometric shape of the surface of the individual splinters is determined, the shapes being selected in such a way that the splinters can be put together to form a parquet to form a closed surface of the splinter casing, and so that the sum of the edge lengths of the Splinter becomes minimal. The edge length of a splinter corresponds to the sum of the lengths of the individual edges, which define the geometric shape of the surface of the individual splinter, and thus the circumferential length of a respective splinter.

One idea on which the invention is based therefore consists in optimizing the geometric shape of the splinters in such a way that the sum of the edge lengths of the splinters is minimal. As a result, the speed of the individual splinters can be increased surprisingly efficiently after the casing has been dismantled. The so-called “venting” is a measure of how much gas from the detonating explosive is led past the individual fragments and therefore does not contribute to the acceleration process. The smaller the venting value, the more efficient the acceleration of the splinters. With a complete tiling, i.e. one If the surface is covered without gaps, the venting is proportional to the total edge length of all splinters. This means that venting can be reduced by minimizing the entire edge length and thus both the speed and the penetration capacity of the splinters can be improved.

Advantageous configurations and developments result from the subclaims referring back to the independent claims in connection with the description.

According to one embodiment it is provided that the determination of a splinter shape comprises selecting a single splinter shape or two different splinter shapes from a group of shapes. Accordingly, the tiling can be as mono-modal tiling with only one splinter shape or as bi-modal tiling, e.g. as Penrose tiling or in another form, with two different splinter shapes.

According to a further embodiment it is provided that the group of shapes contains the following shapes: triangle, in particular an equilateral triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon, trapezoid, double trapezoid, L-shape. The surface area determined for a single splinter can be used to determine the edge lengths for each of the geometric shapes that are necessary for the formation of the surface area with the respective shape, the shape being selected with which a parquet with the smallest total edge length can be realized. By choosing a shape from a predetermined group, e.g. of the group mentioned above, the computational effort is advantageously reduced.

According to a further embodiment, the determination of a splinter shape can include selecting a predetermined closed monomodal or bimodal tiling from a group of tiling. Accordingly, as an alternative or in addition to the respective shape, a certain predetermined tiling pattern from one or more shapes can be evaluated with regard to its edge length, which results for the required surface area of an individual splinter, the tiling with the smallest total edge length being selected.

According to a further embodiment, it is provided that determining the number of splinters includes determining an integer number.

According to a further embodiment it is provided that the determination of a fragment shape takes place taking into account a brittleness of the material of the fragment casing. For example, certain geometric shapes can be too fragile for the respective material of the shell and the desired purpose. E.g. splinters with a large lateral extension, such as the double trapezoidal shape, in connection with a brittle material of the envelope can break during detonation. When determining the splinter shape, these shapes would then not be available for selection. A criterion for taking brittleness of the material into account can be, for example, the geometrical moment of inertia of the respective splinter shape, whereby if this lies outside a range predetermined for the respective material, the respective splinter shape is not determined to form the tiling.

According to a further embodiment, the method additionally has a step of forming the fragment casing with the determined number and shape of fragments, the fragments being arranged as a closed parquet. Accordingly, the splinter casing is produced using a shaping method in such a way that the splinters with their optimized shape are arranged as closed parquet to form the casing.

Optionally, forming the fragmentation envelope include forming notches in the fragmentation envelope that define the fragments. Accordingly, the fragment casing is provided with notches which e.g. can be milled into the outer surface of the casing, the notches running in such a way that they define the determined geometric shape of the individual splinters.

It is also conceivable that the formation of the fragmentation envelope comprises the formation of notches defining the fragments in an intermediate envelope, the intermediate envelope being arranged between the explosive charge and the fragmentation envelope. In this case, the fragment casing itself is not processed, but a notch grid is introduced into an intermediate casing, the notches on the intermediate casing running in such a way that they define the determined geometric shape of the individual fragments. In the event of a detonation of the explosive charge core, the intermediate envelope then causes a voltage input into the fragment envelope in such a way that the fragment envelope breaks down into fragments of the determined shape and size.

Furthermore, the formation of the fragmentation envelope can also include introducing a number of explosive charge pellets corresponding to the number of fragments into the fragmentation envelope. The geometric arrangement of individual explosive charge pellets, which are ignited when the explosive charge core detonates, causes voltage to be introduced into the fragmentation envelope in such a way that the fragmentation envelope breaks down into fragments of the determined shape and size.

• 1 eine schematische Schnittansicht eines Wirksystems;
• 2 eine schematische Ansicht eines Teils einer Splitterhülle nach einer Zerlegung der Splitterhülle in einzelne Splitter;
• 3 eine schematische Teilansicht einer Splitterhülle eines Wirksystems nach einem Schritt eines Ausbildens der Splitterhülle in einem Verfahren gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
• 4 eine schematische Schnittansicht einer Splitterhülle eines Wirksystems nach einem Schritt eines Ausbildens der Splitterhülle in einem Verfahren gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
• 5 eine Gruppe von Splitterformen zur Optimierung der Leistung eines Wirksystems durch ein Verfahren gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
• 6 eine Gruppe von mono-modalen Parkettierungen zur Optimierung der Leistung eines Wirksystems durch ein Verfahren gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
• 7 eine Gruppe von bi-modalen Parkettierungen zur Optimierung der Leistung eines Wirksystems durch ein Verfahren gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung; und
• 8 ein Flussdiagramm eines Verfahrens zur Optimierung der Leistung eines Wirksystems gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung.

The invention is explained below with reference to the figures of the drawings. From the figures show:

• 1 a schematic sectional view of an active system;
• 2 a schematic view of part of a fragmentation envelope after the fragmentation envelope has been broken down into individual fragments;
• 3 a schematic partial view of a fragmentation envelope of an active system after a step of forming the fragmentation envelope in a method according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
• 4th a schematic sectional view of a fragmentation envelope of an active system after a step of forming the fragmentation envelope in a method according to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention;
• 5 a group of fragment shapes for optimizing the performance of an effective system by a method according to an embodiment of the invention;
• 6th a group of mono-modal tiling for optimizing the performance of an active system by a method according to an embodiment of the invention;
• 7th a group of bi-modal tiling for optimizing the performance of an active system by a method according to an embodiment of the invention; and
• 8th a flow diagram of a method for optimizing the performance of an active system according to an embodiment of the invention.

In the figures, the same reference symbols denote the same or functionally equivalent components, unless otherwise indicated.

1 shows an example of an active system 1 with an explosive charge core 2 , a splinter case 3 and an optional intermediate cover 4th .

The explosive core 2 has or consists of an explosive and has a mass C. For example, the explosive charge core 2 , as in 1 shown schematically, a cylindrical cross-sectional shape with a length l2 and a diameter d2 exhibit.

The splinter hull 3 surrounds or encloses the explosive charge core 3 with respect to a radial direction R. . The splinter hull 3 is made of a metal material, such as steel, which has a certain mass density ρ ₃ . The splinter hull 3 has a certain thickness t3 on. In particular, the fragment casing 3 hollow cylinder with length l3 and a certain inside diameter d3 be designed like this in 3 is shown by way of example. When the explosive charge detonates 2 the sheath disintegrates 3 into a variety of splinters 30th like this in 2 is shown schematically.

Through the thickness t3 , the length l3 and the inside diameter d3 the fragment hull 3 there is a volume of the fragment envelope 3 and the mass density ρ ₃ results for the fragment envelope 3 a certain mass m ₃ . The mass m _{3 of} the fragment envelope 3 is in relation to the mass C of the explosive charge core 2 predetermined. In particular, it can be provided that the mass m _{3 of} the fragment casing 3 is chosen so that a Gurney ratio µ = m _{3 /} C between 3 and 0.3 results. In particular, the thickness t3 chosen according to the fragment envelope.

bestimmt werden, wobei v_g die intrinsische und sprengstoff-spezifische Gurney-Geschwindigkeit ist.The Gurney ratio µ determines the speed v of the splinters forming 30th , and thus the momentum I = m ₃ · v or the kinetic energy E _kin = 0.5 · m ₃ · v ^{2 of} the fragment envelope 3 . The speed v can be used as $$v=v_G{\left(1+\mu \right)}^{-0.5}$$

can be determined, where v _{g is} the intrinsic and explosives-specific Gurney velocity.

An optimum for the kinetic energy and the momentum can be determined, which depends on given boundary conditions, such as the active system 1 should have a constant total mass and a constant caliber. Alternatively, a constant total volume could also be required. If this optimum is achieved, the one in the explosive charge is used 2 Stored chemical energy is optimally converted into kinetic energy or momentum of the splinter 30th to convert. Momentum and kinetic energy have a maximum at different Gurney ratios μ, so that a Gurney ratio is usually selected which lies between the maximum. In the specified range between 3 and 0.3, a good compromise is typically achieved in which both momentum and kinetic energy are almost at a maximum.

The optional intermediate cover 4th is in terms of the radial direction R. between the explosive charge 2 and the splinter case 3 arranged and forms a kind of template for the formation of splinters 30th , as will be explained in detail below.

8th shows an example of a flow chart for optimizing the performance of the active system 1 . In a first step M1 determined M1 an area of a single sliver 30th based on a given fragment mass, the thickness t3 the fragment hull 3 and the mass density ρ _{3 of} the material of the fragment casing 3 . The minimum mass of a fragment is usually determined by the purpose of the active system 1 given. A maximum mass can also be specified. For example, a fragment mass can be set that is between the minimum and the maximum fragment mass. When the operating system 1 to be used, a target made of a certain material, e.g. steel, with a certain thickness at a certain distance from the active system 1 to penetrate is a certain mass of a single splinter 30th necessary, which results in a known manner for the person skilled in the art from relevant ballistic formulas. Based on this minimum mass, the mass density ρ _{3 of} the material of the fragment casing is derived 3 a volume V _{30 of} a single sliver 30th and thus from the relationship volume equals base times thickness t3 the area of a single splinter 30th determinable.

In a further step M2 a number of splinters is determined 30th that are used to form the fragmentation envelope 3 is required, based on the determined area of a single splinter 30th and the area of an outer surface 3a the fragment hull 3 . Generally the number of splinters 30th can be determined in which the area of the outer surface 3a of the splinter mantle 30th by the determined area of a single splinter 30th is divided, assuming, for example, that all splinters 30th have the same area. The number of splinters 30th is preferably determined so that there is an integer number of splinters 30th results. If the division results in an odd number, the area of the individual splinters can be used in an optional iteration step 30th be redetermined (step M1 ), where the mass of each splinter 30th lies within a specified tolerance range.

In a further step M3 is based on the determined area of the individual splinters 30th a splinter form of splinters 30th determined in such a way that with the determined number of splinters 30th one the splinter hull 3 forming closed parquet can be designed and that a sum of the edge lengths k the splinter 30th becomes minimal. A geometric shape of the base of the splinter 30th is determined in this step such that a sum of the edge lengths k the edges, which the geometric shape of each sliver 30th define becomes minimal.

The splinter shape results in an optimization variable that not only affects the speed of the splinters 30th by reducing the so-called "venting effect", but at the same time can significantly increase the penetration capacity of the splinters in the target. As already explained above, the achievable fragmentation speed v is primarily determined by the Gurney ratio μ. When dismantling the fragment hull 3 gaps are formed 38 at the edges of the splinter, as shown in 2 is greatly simplified and shown schematically. Through this column 38 flow when the fragment envelope is broken down 3 Plumes of explosives, thereby reducing the achievable speed of the fragments 30th is decreased. This effect is known as "venting". The plumes of explosives that flow past the edges of the fragment are lost to the acceleration of the fragments. The splinter speed is reduced accordingly. The magnitude of this loss of speed correlates with the magnitude of the venting effect, which in turn correlates with the length of the “gaps” between the splinters. With a given number, this length depends on the edge length k the geometric shape of the base of the individual splinters 30th from.

In 5 are in views (A) to (I) examples of different fragment shapes or geometries for the base area of a respective fragment 30th . View (A) shows an equilateral triangle with edge length k . View (B) shows a side-length square k . View (C) shows a diamond with side length k . View (D) shows a trapezoid that has three sides with the same edge length k and one side with double the edge length 2k having. View (E) shows a regular pentagon with edge length k . View (F) shows a so-called double trapezoidal shape or diabolo shape, which is composed of two trapezoids. View (G) shows a regular hexagon or hexagon with edge length k . View (H) shows an L-shape, the long sides of which are an edge length k and the short sides of which have an edge length of 0.5k. View (I) shows another pentagon in a so-called diamond shape, with two long sides with edge length k are at right angles to each other and each long side has a short side with edge length 0 , 5k protrudes at a right angle, and the short sides are connected by an inclined side.

To determine a splinter shape, step M3 from a group of shapes, for example for the group of shapes shown in views (A) to (I) for each shape a sum of the edge lengths of an individual splinter 30th be determined, which is for a splinter 30th in the in step M1 determined area results. From this edge length, a total edge length can then be determined, which results when the splinters 30th can be arranged with the respective shape to form a closed parquet. In step M3 then that shape is selected as a splinter shape from the group of shapes in which the total edge length is minimal. This reduces venting and thus the kinetic energy or the momentum of the splinters 30th increased.

eingeführt werden, wobei N der ermittelten Anzahl an Splittern entspricht und U dem Umfang der jeweiligen geometrischen Form also der Summe der Längen der die Form definierenden Kanten. Mit N=const. ist in der nachfolgenden Tabelle 1 beispielhaft für einen dimensionslose Flächeninhalt A_s eines einzelnen Splitters 30 von A_s=1 jeweils die sich ergebende Kantenlänge k und der zugehörige Umfang U für verschiedene Splitterformen angegeben. Tabelle 1 Form Flächeninhalt A_s [-] Kantenlänge k [-] Umfang U [-] Dreieck 1 $$\sqrt{\frac{4}{\sqrt{3}}}$$

≈ 4,56 Quadrat 1 1 4 Diamant 1 $$\sqrt{\frac{8}{7}}$$

≈ 3,96 Hexagon 1 $$\sqrt{\frac{2}{3\sqrt{3}}}$$

≈ 3,72 Trapez 1 $$\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}$$

≈ 4,08 L-Form 1 $$\sqrt{\frac{4}{3}}$$

≈ 4,62 With a closed parquet flooring, two splinters share each time 30th a common edge. As a measure for venting, the parameter $$\vartheta =N\cdot \frac{U}{2}$$

are introduced, where N corresponds to the determined number of splinters and U to the circumference of the respective geometric shape, i.e. the sum of the lengths of the edges defining the shape. With N = const. is an example of a dimensionless area A _{s of} a single splinter in Table 1 below 30th from A _s = 1 the resulting edge length k and the corresponding circumference U is given for various splinter shapes. Table 1 shape Area A _s [-] Edge length k [-] Circumference U [-] triangle 1 $$\sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="4th"\; filenames="DE102019003479A1\_0012.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">4th</figure-callout>}}{\sqrt{3}}}$$

≈ 4.56 square 1 1 4th diamond 1 $$\sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{8th}}{\mathrm{7th}}}$$

≈ 3.96 hexagon 1 $$\sqrt{\frac{2}{3\sqrt{3}}}$$

≈ 3.72 Trapezoid 1 $$\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}$$

≈ 4.08 L shape 1 $$\sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="4th"\; filenames="DE102019003479A1\_0012.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">4th</figure-callout>}}{3}}$$

≈ 4.62

For the in step M1 The determined area A _s consequently results in the group selected as an example in Table 1 that the circumference U of an individual fragment 30th with the form "Hexagon" (cf. 5 , View (G)) becomes minimal. Because the venting is proportional to the circumference U of the individual splitter 30th is (see above), is in the present case by forming the fragment envelope 3 As a closed parquet made of hexagons, the splinter performance, especially the splinter speed, is optimized.

quantifizieren. In dieser Gleichung ist A die Cauchy-Fläche des Splitters 30, v die Geschwindigkeit des Splitters 30, m die Splittermasse und θ der Auftreffwinkel des Splitters 30 auf das Ziel. Die Parameter c_i sind zielspezifische empirische Parameter.Surprisingly, the determination (step M3 ) a splinter shape of the splinters 30th based on the determined area of the individual splinters 30th such that with the determined number of splinters 30th one the splinter hull 3 forming closed parquet can be designed and that a sum of the edge lengths k the splinter 30th becomes minimal, not only the speed but also the penetration capacity of the splinters 30th optimized. The splinter penetration p can be determined by the well-known Thor equation $$p=\frac{1}{\mathrm{A.}}{\left({10}^{-c_1}{v}^{1-c_5}{\left(\text{cos}\theta \right)}^{c_{\mathrm{4th}}}{m}^{-c_3}\right)}^{\frac{1}{c_2}}$$

quantify. In this equation, A is the Cauchy area of the sliver 30th , v the speed of the splitter 30th , m is the fragment mass and θ is the angle of incidence of the fragment 30th towards the goal. The parameters c _i are target-specific empirical parameters.

wobei S die Oberfläche des Splitters ist. Die Oberfläche S ergibt sich zu $$S=2\cdot A_S\cdot U\cdot t_{30}$$

mit dem Flächeninhalt A_S der Grundfläche des Splitters 30, dem Umfang U des Splitters 30 und der Dicke t30 der Splitterhülle 30.The Cauchy surface A of a splinter 30th is $$\mathrm{A.}=\frac{1}{\mathrm{4th}}\mathrm{S.}$$

where S is the surface of the splinter. The surface S results in $$\mathrm{S.}=2\cdot {\mathrm{A.}}_{\mathrm{S.}}\cdot U\cdot t_{\mathrm{30th}}$$

with the area A _{S of} the base of the splinter 30th , the extent U of the splinter 30th and the thickness t30 of the fragment hull 30th .

The speed v can be dependent on the distance r covered by the splitter 30th from the initial velocity v _{0 of} the fragment, the density of air ρ _Air , the air resistance value c _W , the Cauchy area A of the fragment 30th and calculate the fragment mass m as follows: $$v=v_0{e}^{-\frac{1}{2}{\rho }_{air}{c}_w\frac{\mathrm{A.}}{m}r}.$$

If one uses the same initial speed v ₀ , the same mass m and the same distance r for all fragment shapes from Table 1 in this equation and uses this speed in the above Thor equation, the following qualitative ranking results for the penetration capacity p: 1st hexagon, 2nd square, 3rd trapezoid, 4th triangle, 5th L-shape. In the above example, the hexagon has the greatest penetration capacity p, the L-shape the lowest. This increases the ability of the splinter to penetrate 30th through the in step M3 Determination of the splinter shape made just as improved as the splinter speed.

In 6th Different tiling is shown in views (A) to (C) by way of example, each consisting of a plurality of splinters 30th are composed of a single shape and identical dimensions. This is known as mono-modal tiling. View (A) shows one composed of squares Tiling. View (B) shows a tiling composed of equilateral triangles. View (C) shows a tiling composed of regular hexagons or hexagons.

In 7th Different tiling is shown in views (A) and (B) by way of example, each consisting of a plurality of splinters 30th are composed of two different shapes. In view (A) a tiling is shown, which is composed of hexagons and double trapezoids (diabolos). In view (B) a tiling is shown, which is composed of diamond shapes and rhombuses. Flooring made from splinters 30th from two different forms or from splinters 30th the same shapes with two different dimensions are called bi-modal tiling.

The splinter shape can be in step M3 can also be determined, for example, by calculating the edge length for a closed mono-modal or bi-modal tiling from a group of tiling and selecting that tiling for which the smallest overall edge length results.

Determining the splinter shape in step M3 can also take into account a brittleness of the material of the fragment casing 3 respectively. For example, it can be provided that, in the case of a certain type of material which is highly brittle, certain splinter shapes are not available for selection for forming the tiling. For example, in the case of a particularly brittle material, the group of splinter shapes from which the splinter shape is selected, which is shown in FIG 5 group shown as an example, but without the double trapezoidal shape ( 5 , View (F)).

As in 8th can also be seen, the method comprises a further optional step M4 , in which forming the fragment envelope 3 with the determined number of splinters and splinter shape takes place, whereby the splinters 30th can be arranged as a closed parquet. For example, this can involve the formation of notches defining the splinters 35 in the splinter case 3 include yourself. This is exemplified in 3 which is a broken away view of a top view of the exterior surface 3a the fragment hull 3 shows. As in 3 recognizable, for example grooves or notches 35 into the splinter case 3 be introduced, for example by milling, the grooves 35 so run that they are single, the splinters 30th Define forming surface areas that have the determined shape. In the in 3 splinter case shown as an example 3 is a mono-modal tiling made of square splinters 30th educated. As an alternative to the formation of notches 35 in the splinter case 3 You can also use the notches in the optional intermediate cover in the same way 4th be trained. In the event of a detonation of the explosive charge core 2 the intermediate cover breaks down 4th into individual splinters according to the notch pattern, thereby breaking down the splinter casing 3 in turn according to the desired notch pattern. Another alternative way of forming the fragment envelope 3 in step M4 is one of the number of splinters 30th corresponding number of explosive charge pellets 5 into the splinter case 3 bring in. This is schematic and greatly simplified in 4th shown. For example, explosive charge pellets 5 in on an inner surface 3b the fragment hull 3 trained recesses be used. The inner surface 3b is opposite to the outer surface 3a the fragment hull 3 oriented and thus the explosive charge core 2 facing. The explosive charge pellets 5 are caused by the detonation of the explosive charge core 2 ignited, causing them to expand and a local weakening or local rupture of the fragment envelope 3 induce. By distributing the pellets accordingly 5 on the inner surface 3b the desired splinter shape can be set.

Although the present invention was explained above using exemplary embodiments, it is not restricted thereto, but rather can be modified in many ways. In particular, combinations of the preceding exemplary embodiments are also conceivable.

List of reference symbols

1

Effective system

2

Explosive core

3

Fragmentation envelope

3a

Outer surface of the fragment casing

4th

Intermediate cover

5

Explosive charge pellets

30th

Splinter

35

Notches

38

gap

d2

Diameter of the explosive charge core

d3

Inside diameter of the fragment casing

k

Edge length

l2

Length of the explosive charge core

l3

Length of the sheath

M.

Procedure

M1-M4

Procedural steps

R.

radial direction

t3

Thickness of the fragment hull

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 10130324 A1 [0003]

Claims (10)

Method (M) for optimizing the performance of an active system (1), the active system (1) having an explosive charge core (2) with a predetermined explosive mass and a fragment casing (3) which has a casing mass predetermined in relation to the explosive mass and the explosive charge core (2 ) encloses radially, the method comprising the following steps: Determination (M1) of an area of an individual fragment (30) based on a predetermined fragment mass, a thickness (t3) of the fragment casing (3) and the mass density of the material of the fragment casing (3); Determination (M2) of a number of splinters (30) which is required to form the fragment casing (3) on the basis of the determined area of an individual splinter (30) and the area of an outer surface (3a) of the fragment casing (3); and Determination (M3) of a splinter shape of the splinters (30) based on the determined area of the individual splinters (30) in such a way that with the determined number of splinters (30) a closed tiling forming the splinter envelope (3) can be formed and that a sum of the Edge lengths (k) of the splitter (30) is minimal. Procedure according to Claim 1 wherein determining (M3) a fragment shape comprises selecting a single fragment shape or two different fragment shapes from a group of shapes. Procedure according to Claim 2 where the group of shapes includes the following shapes: triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon, trapezoid, double trapezoid, L-shape. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the determination (M3) of a fragment shape comprises selecting a predetermined closed mono-modal or bi-modal tiling from a group of tiling. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein determining (M2) the number of splinters comprises determining an integer number. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the determination (M3) of a fragment shape takes place taking into account the brittleness of the material of the fragment casing (3). Method according to one of the preceding claims, additionally comprising: Forming (M4) the fragment casing (3) with the determined number of fragments and Splinter shape, the splinters (30) being arranged as a closed parquet. Procedure according to Claim 7 wherein the forming of the fragment casing comprises forming (M4) notches (35) defining the fragments in the fragment casing (3). Procedure according to Claim 7 wherein the formation (M4) of the fragmentation casing comprises forming notches (35) defining the fragments (30) in an intermediate casing (4), the intermediate casing (4) being arranged between the explosive charge core (2) and the fragmentation casing (3) . Procedure according to Claim 7 wherein the forming (M4) of the fragmentation casing (3) comprises introducing a number of explosive charge pellets (5) corresponding to the number of fragments (30) into the fragmentation casing (3).

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