EP3128283B1 - Protective element for protection against ballistic missiles, and military vehicle - Google Patents

Protective element for protection against ballistic missiles, and military vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3128283B1
EP3128283B1 EP16190363.8A EP16190363A EP3128283B1 EP 3128283 B1 EP3128283 B1 EP 3128283B1 EP 16190363 A EP16190363 A EP 16190363A EP 3128283 B1 EP3128283 B1 EP 3128283B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
holes
protective element
plate
perforated
armor
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EP16190363.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3128283A1 (en
Inventor
Claus Egartner
Günter Rettinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Krauss Maffei Wegmann GmbH and Co KG
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Krauss Maffei Wegmann GmbH and Co KG
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Application filed by Krauss Maffei Wegmann GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Krauss Maffei Wegmann GmbH and Co KG
Priority to PL16190363T priority Critical patent/PL3128283T3/en
Publication of EP3128283A1 publication Critical patent/EP3128283A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/023—Armour plate, or auxiliary armour plate mounted at a distance of the main armour plate, having cavities at its outer impact surface, or holes, for deflecting the projectile

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a protective element for protection against ballistic projectiles with an armor plate and a military vehicle with such a protective element.
  • Protective elements are used in military applications on vehicles and other facilities, such. As buildings and weapons used to ward off dangers of various kinds. For protection against bullet-impact projectiles, such as projectile-accelerated projectiles or projectile-forming charges (explosively formed projectiles, EFP), protective elements with an armor plate can be used.
  • the armor plate of such protective elements is usually made solid and has an increased resistance to ballistic bullets.
  • a protective element for protection against ballistic bullets with multiple armor plates which is in each case designed as a multi-hole perforated plate is, for example, from US 4,716,810 A or the FR1288212 A known.
  • the invention has the object to reduce the weight of the protective element, without adversely affecting its protective effect against ballistic projectiles.
  • the material of the armor plate is removed so that the perforated armor plate has a reduced weight compared to a solid armor plate.
  • the weight of the entire protective element can thus be reduced by the perforated plate.
  • the protective element according to the invention can have a level of protection that is comparable to the level of protection of a protective element with a solid armor plate.
  • a projectile striking the perforated plate can be broken up at the holes and / or divided into several parts, so that its penetrating power can be reduced. Parts of the projectile can pass through the holes of the perforated plate and thereby tear the projectile.
  • impacting projectiles can be deflected at the edges and / or inner walls of the holes.
  • This effect of the holes also has a positive effect on the protective effect, since deflected projectiles can have a reduced kinetic energy and thus can be repelled more easily.
  • the invention can provide a reduced weight protective element whose protective effect against ballistic projectiles through the holes is not adversely affected.
  • the holes of the perforated plate may be formed as the armor plate completely penetrating through holes. But it is also possible to form the holes as blind holes, which the armor plate only partially penetrate.
  • the material of the armor plate may have a thickness which corresponds to at most 50% of the thickness of the material surrounding the holes, preferably 10% of the thickness of the material surrounding the holes, more preferably at most 5% of the thickness of the material surrounding the holes.
  • the holes in the perforated plate are arranged distributed in a grid pattern, so that an area is formed in which impinging projectiles can be broken up, divided and / or deflected.
  • a hole pattern may be formed from a plurality of holes that are equal in size and / or arranged at equal orthogonal distances from each other. Through the hole pattern, a regularly perforated surface of the perforated plate can be formed, which has a uniform level of protection.
  • the breadboard can extend over the entire surface of the armor plate facing the bullet threat, providing full-scale ballistic bullet protection.
  • the size of the holes is chosen to be smaller than the caliber of the impacting projectiles, so that a projectile can not penetrate a hole without being broken up or broken up. Effective protection against bullets of caliber 7.62 mm can be achieved, for example, if the holes have a diameter of 7 mm.
  • the holes of the perforated plate can basically have any cross-sectional area.
  • the holes with a circular Cross-sectional area are formed so that they can be introduced as a cylindrical holes by a drilling tool in the armor plate.
  • the width of the cross-sectional area, in particular the diameter, of the holes is greater than the distance between the holes, so that the impacting projectiles can hit with an increased probability in the region of a hole on the perforated plate.
  • the ratio of the distance between the holes to the width of the cross-sectional area of the holes can be in the range greater than 0.5, preferably greater than 0.55, particularly preferably greater than 0.6.
  • Bullets with the caliber 7.62 mm can z. B. are effectively fended off when the holes have a diameter of 7 mm and are 4 mm apart.
  • the protective element according to the invention has a plurality of layered perforated plates, so that such projectiles which can not be completely decelerated in the first perforated plate can impinge on a second perforated plate arranged behind the first perforated plate.
  • a projectile penetrating into the protective element can be repeatedly divided and / or deflected at the layered perforated plates.
  • the perforated plates may be arranged in several parallel layers or oriented obliquely to each other. Between the individual perforated plates, a free space can be provided, which projectile fragments can penetrate unhindered.
  • the perforated plates can be connected to each other directly or via an intermediate layer. Due to the layer structure, the protective element can protect polyvalent against different threats.
  • a protective element with a plurality of perforated plates it is particularly preferred if the holes of two perforated plates are arranged offset from one another. Due to the offset of the holes, the protective element can not on a in the Substantially straight trajectory - so without a distraction associated with a loss of kinetic energy - be penetrated. A bullet through a bullet with low caliber through the holes of several perforated plates can thus be prevented.
  • the protective element has a damping layer for absorbing kinetic energy of impacting projectiles.
  • the damping layer is arranged on a side facing away from the threat of impinging projectiles of the perforated plate. Due to the elastic effect of the damping layer on the surface of the perforated plate, which is hard in comparison to the damping layer, the projectile of the projectile-forming charge can be stopped for a short time. In this case, the tip of the projectile can deform and the material of the projectile laterally along the surface of the perforated plate flow along, so that the projectile is widened.
  • the damping layer is arranged between two perforated plates, so that the projectiles in the layer structure of the protective element can be repeatedly expanded, divided and / or deflected.
  • a damping element may be provided behind a plurality of perforated plates.
  • the protective element also has a particular massive base armor plate, which is arranged on a side facing away from the threat of impinging projectiles of the perforated plate.
  • the projectiles can be deflected when passing through the perforated plate and intercepted by the base armor plate, so that an increased protection can be achieved.
  • connection may be formed as a bond, whereby a simplified production of the protective element is made possible.
  • connection may be formed by welding or vulcanization.
  • a further relief for the handling of the protective element can be achieved if a cover plate is provided to cover the protective element.
  • the cover plate can enclose the protective element in the manner of a housing, whereby the protective element can be compactly transported and used as additional armor.
  • the cover plate is designed paintable, so that the appearance of the protective element can be adapted to that of the military vehicle or the military device.
  • a non-slip coating of the cover plate may be provided.
  • the holes of the perforated plate can run in the direction of the plate normal of the perforated plate.
  • the holes extend in a direction oblique to the plate normal.
  • the direction of the holes may include an angle that is less than 90 ° with the plate normal. This hole angle can influence the deflection and fragmentation of the projectiles impacting the perforated plate.
  • the direction of the holes and the plate normal include an angle of at least 5 °, preferably of at least 10 °, more preferably of at least 20 °, so that strongly deflects impacting the perforated plate projectiles can be.
  • the protective element has a plurality of perforated plates whose holes extend in different directions.
  • different perforated plates of the protective element can exert a different effect on impinging projectiles.
  • the holes of a perforated plate can hereby be aligned in the same direction. Holes of different parallel plates may each subtend a different angle with the surface. Further, it is possible to arrange the holes of one plate in the direction of the plate normal and the holes of another plate obliquely to the plate normal.
  • the directions of the holes of two perforated plates form an angle of at least 5 °, preferably of at least 10 °, particularly preferably of at least 20 °.
  • the protective element has a plurality of perforated plates whose holes have a different cross-sectional area.
  • the protective effect of the respective perforated plate can be adapted to different floors.
  • the cross-sectional area may be round, polygonal, in particular three, four, five, hexagonal, or be formed with any floor plan.
  • successively arranged parallel perforated plates on holes of different sizes so that the protective element can be designed to defend against different types of bullets.
  • holes of two perforated plates have different diameters.
  • the holes of a perforated plate can have the same diameter.
  • the protective effect can be adapted to the caliber of the projectiles via the diameter.
  • the diameters may differ by at least 5%, preferably at least 25%, particularly preferably at least 50%, of the smaller diameter.
  • the protective element has a plurality of perforated plates with different thicknesses.
  • the thickness of the perforated plates can influence the resistance of the perforated plate to impacting projectiles.
  • the thickness of the perforated plate can be increased, but also the weight of the perforated plate is increased.
  • a protective element with high protection and low weight is provided according to the invention, when one of the threat of impinging projectiles facing perforated plate is formed thicker than a threat facing away from the perforated plate. Impacting projectiles can first be broken up at the thicker perforated plate, split and, if necessary, deflected before they hit the second perforated plate with less protective effect.
  • the thicker plate also has larger holes than the thinner plate.
  • the ratio of the thicknesses of two perforated plates is at least two, preferably at least three, particularly preferably at least five.
  • the holes are filled with a deviating from the material of the perforated plate filling material. Due to the filling material, the perforated plates z. B. against the ingress of dust or gaseous pollutions are protected.
  • the filling material it has proved to be particularly advantageous if this has a lower, in particular substantially lower, density than the material of the perforated plate.
  • the ratio of the different densities can be more than 1: 3, in particular more than 1: 6. It is preferably in the range from 1: 6 to 1:10. Due to the filling material, the mass of the perforated plate can only be increased slightly. At the same time it can be achieved that the perforated plate exerts an exploding, dividing and / or distracting effect on impinging projectiles.
  • an adhesive which can also be used for bonding the perforated plate to adjacent layers can be used as the filling material.
  • the filling material in particular an adhesive, can be introduced into the holes in the solid state or introduced in the liquid state and then cured.
  • Another object of the invention is a military vehicle with a protective element of the type mentioned.
  • the features already described in connection with the protective element according to the invention contribute to the solution of the problem.
  • the protective element can be arranged in the manner of a retrofit solution as additional armor on a base armor of the military vehicle. In this case, it is preferred if the protective element is arranged at a distance in front of the base armor of the vehicle. Projectiles impinging on the protective element can be deflected at the perforated plate and impinge on the spaced basic armor of the vehicle at an oblique angle. Such deflected projectiles and / or projectile fragments may pose a lesser threat to the base armor than would be the case with projectiles and / or projectile fragments impinging vertically on the base armor.
  • the distance between the protective element and the base armor is at least 1 cm, preferably at least 2 cm, particularly preferably at least 5 cm.
  • spacers may be arranged between the protective element and the base armor.
  • the protective element is arranged on a vehicle side, wherein the holes, starting from a side facing away from the vehicle in a direction from below obliquely upward. Since it is unlikely that ballistic missiles from a direction obliquely from below, the danger of a direct penetration through a perforated plate of the protective element can be greatly reduced by such an arrangement of the holes.
  • the Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the protection element 10 according to the invention for protection against ballistic projectiles 1.
  • the protective element 10 is arranged in the manner of an additional armor via spacers 3 on a base armor 2.1 of a military vehicle.
  • the protective element has a plurality of armor plates 13, 15, which are designed to reduce their weight as a plurality of holes 13.1, 15.1 having perforated plates.
  • the protective element 10 forms a perforated laminated composite armor for protection against projectiles which are shot down in pipes and projectiles as well as projectile-forming charges, which in particular can be designed as IED (improvised explosive device).
  • the holes of the flat perforated plates 13, 15 are formed as through holes.
  • the protective plates 13, 15 can be increased by the holes 13.1, 15.1 the protective effect compared to a solid armor plate 13, 15 against ballistic projectiles 1.
  • For a projectile impinging on a perforated plate 13, 15 can be broken open at the holes 13.1, 15.1 and / or fragmented.
  • the kinetic energy of the projectile 1 can be reduced and thus its penetrating power can be reduced. It is possible that parts of the projectile 1 can pass through the holes 13.1 of the front armor plate 13.
  • the back layers 14, 15, 12, 2.1 can have a lower level of protection.
  • the protective effect of the perforated plate 13, 15 is particularly pronounced when the size of the holes 13.1, 15.1 is adapted to the caliber of the impinging projectiles 1.
  • the size of the holes 13.1, 15.1 smaller than the caliber of the impinging projectiles 1 can be selected so that a projectile 1 can not penetrate a hole 13.1, 15.1, without being broken or split
  • the protective element 10 is formed in multiple layers. It has two perforated plates 13, 15 made of armor steel and a damping layer 14 of metal foam arranged between the perforated plates 13, 15. Preferably, an iron foam is selected as the metal foam.
  • the damping layer 14 By the damping layer 14, the energy of the impinging on the front perforated plate 13 projectiles 1 can be absorbed become.
  • the damping layer 14 is disposed on the side facing away from the threat of bullets 1 side of the perforated plate 13, so that a projectile 1 first impinges on the hard in comparison to the damping layer 14 perforated plate 13. The force of the impinging projectile can be absorbed elastically by the damping layer 14 arranged behind the perforated plate 13.
  • projectiles 1 which are designed as projectile-forming charges, this can trigger a so-called "dwell effect".
  • the material of the projectile 1 can briefly linger on the surface of the perforated plate 13 and spread in the lateral direction along the surface, so that the projectile 1 is widened.
  • the protective element 10 has a housing.
  • the housing is formed by two cover plates 11, 12 made of steel, which are each connected to an armor plate 13, 15. Deviating from the sectional view in Fig. 1
  • the housing may be formed such that it completely surrounds the armor plates 13, 15.
  • the layers 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the protective element 10 it is alternatively possible for the layers 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the protective element 10 to use titanium alloys, tungsten-intermetallic foams and glass-fiber-reinforced plastic layers.
  • the cover plate 11, the perforated armor plate 13, the damping layer 14, the perforated armor plate 15 and the cover plate 12 are each firmly connected to the adjacent layer via an adhesive.
  • the holes 13.1 and 15.1 of the two armor plates 13, 15 are filled with the adhesive.
  • the glue forms a filler, which is a much smaller Density than the material of the armor plates 13, 15 and therefore does not affect the breaking, dividing and possibly distracting effect on the impinging projectiles 1.
  • the holes 13.1, 15.1 are obliquely inserted into the armor plates 13, 15.
  • the holes extend along a hole direction L, which includes a hole angle A with the plate normal N of the armor plates 13, 15.
  • the angle A may have an arbitrary value less than 90 °.
  • the angle A is at least 5 °, preferably at least 10 °, particularly preferably at least 20 °.
  • the holes 13.1, 15.1 of the two perforated plates 13, 15 extend in the same direction L. Differing from the exemplary embodiment, the holes 13.1, 15.1 of different perforated plates 13, 15 can have different hole directions. In this way it can be prevented that a projectile 1 with small compared to the size of the holes 13.1, 15.1 can penetrate the protective element 10 on a straight trajectory.
  • the direction of the holes 13.1 in the first armor plate 13 with the direction of the holes 15.1 in the second to the first armor plate 13 parallel armor plate 15 include an angle greater than 0 °.
  • the Angle between the directions of the holes of two different armor plates 13, 15 at least 5 °, preferably at least 10 °, more preferably at least 20 °.
  • FIG Fig. 6 Two examples of such protective elements 10 with differently oriented holes 13.1, 15.1 are shown in a schematic sectional view in FIG Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 shown.
  • the holes 13.1 of the perforated plate 13 are oriented in the direction L1 which coincides with the plate normal N
  • the holes 15.1 of the perforated plate 15 arranged parallel to the perforated plate 13 are arranged in a direction L2 which makes an angle of 25 ° with the plate normal N.
  • the holes 13.1 are oriented in a direction L1 and the holes 15.1 are oriented in a direction L2, with the directions L1 and L2 enclosing an angle of 45 °.
  • the protective element 10 according to the first embodiment in FIG Fig. 1 has perforated plates 13, 15, whose holes 13.1, 15.1 have the same cross-sectional area.
  • the holes 13.1, 15.1 are all designed as cylindrical bores, so that the cross-sectional area of the holes 13.1, 15.1 is circular.
  • the perforated plates 13, 15 of the protective element 10 may have holes with a different cross-sectional area.
  • the holes 13.1 of the first armor plate 13 may have a circular cross-section and the holes 15.1 of the second armor plate 15 parallel to the first armor plate 13 may have an angular cross-sectional area.
  • the holes 13.1, 15.1 of the two armor plates 13, 15 can have different diameters in order to optimize the protective effect of the perforated plates 13, 15 on different calibers of the impinging projectiles 1.
  • the protective element 10 can have armor plates 13, 15 with holes of different sizes for protection against projectiles 1 with different caliber. It has proven to be advantageous in this case if the diameters of the holes 13.1, 15.1 of two perforated plates 13, 15 differ by at least 5%, preferably by at least 10%, particularly preferably by at least 50%, of the smaller diameter.
  • FIG. 5 An example of such a protective element 10 with holes 13.1, 15.1 of different size is in the Fig. 5 shown.
  • the holes 13.1 of the front perforated plate 13 have a diameter D1, which is selected to be larger than the diameter D2 of the holes 15.1 in the rear perforated plate 15.
  • the diameter D1 can, for. B. 15 mm and the diameter D2 7 mm.
  • the multi-layer protection element 10 comprises a plurality of perforated plates 13, 15, which have a different thickness from each other.
  • the facing the threat side armor plate 13 is formed thicker than the threat side facing armor plate 15.
  • Bullets 1, which impinge on the protective element 10 from the threat direction B, thus come first with the thicker armor plate 13 in contact.
  • kinetic energy is withdrawn from the projectiles, they are divided into projectile fragments and possibly deflected.
  • the projectile fragments then meet with far less kinetic energy on the viewed in threat direction B behind the first armor plate 13 second armor plate 15, which is formed thinner according to the lower energy of the projectile fragments.
  • the weight of the protective element 10 can be reduced. It has proved to be advantageous here if the ratio of the thicknesses of the two perforated plates 13, 15 is at least 2, preferably at least 3, particularly preferably at least 5.
  • the protective element 10 of the first exemplary embodiment can be arranged as an additional armor on a military vehicle 2. Due to the reduced weight of the protective element 10 while the mobility of the vehicle is hardly limited. Through the perforated plates 13, 15 of the protective element 10, the kinetic energy of ballistic projectiles 1 can be reduced such that they can be prevented from the basic armor 2.1 of the vehicle 2.
  • the deflection effect of the perforated plates 13, 15 is particularly important, by which impinging projectiles 1 are deflected deflected by a direction of threat B oriented substantially perpendicular to the surface of the base armor 2.1 on a direction oriented obliquely to the surface of the base armor 2.1. Due to the deflection, the effect of the projectiles 1 on the basic armor 2.1 is weakened.
  • a further reduction in the projectile effect can be achieved by separating the projectiles 1 or their fragments and impinging them on the base armor 2.1 distributed over a larger area.
  • the distance between the protective element 10 and the base armor 2.1 is advantageously at least 1 cm, preferably at least 2 cm, more preferably at least 5 cm.
  • the arrangement of the protective element 10 at a distance A in front of the base armor 2.1 can be made possible by spacers 3 having a depth corresponding to the distance A.
  • the protective element 10 is arranged substantially perpendicular to a vehicle side of the vehicle 2.
  • the holes 13.1, 15.1 of the protective element 10 extend starting from a side facing away from the vehicle - the threat side - in a direction from below obliquely upward.
  • Such an ascending course of the holes 13.1, 15.1 has proven to be advantageous, since ballistic threats usually emanate from an essentially perpendicular to the vehicle side oriented threat direction B or from above obliquely downward in the direction of the vehicle 2.
  • the holes 15.1 of the second perforated plate 15 can be arranged in the same way.
  • Hole diameters and distances are chosen such that the diameter D of the holes 13.1 are greater than the distances E, F of the holes 13.1, so that a projectile 1 striking the perforated plate 13 is likely to come into contact with the perforated plate in the region of a hole 13.1.
  • a ratio of the distance E, F to the diameter D of greater than 0.5, preferably greater than 0.55, particularly preferably greater than 0.6, is advantageous.
  • a second embodiment of the protective element 10 is shown.
  • the constituents of the protective element 10 of the second embodiment and their effects are similar to those of the first embodiment and are therefore denoted by the same reference numerals.
  • the protective element 10 shown formed such that it can be used as a sole armor.
  • the protective element 10 according to the second exemplary embodiment has, in addition to the layers of the protective element 10 according to the first exemplary embodiment, a solid base armor plate 17 and a second damping layer 16.
  • a cover plate 11 is provided only on the threat side and has been dispensed with a rear, the threat of projectiles 1 side facing away from a cover plate.
  • the basic armor plate 17 corresponds in its effect to the base armor 2.1 of the vehicle 2 in the first embodiment.
  • the base armor plate 17 can be repelled on the perforated plates 13, 15 divided and / or deflected projectiles 1 or projectile fragments.
  • the second damping layer 16 is arranged in the direction of threat B behind the second armor plate 15 and can therefore absorb kinetic energy from those projectiles which impinge on the second armor plate 15.
  • the second cushioning layer is between the perforated armor plate 15 and the massive base armor plate 17 arranged and glued to both plates.
  • a third embodiment of a protective element 10 in a sectional view shows Fig. 4 ,
  • the components of the protective element 10 of the third embodiment and their effects are similar to those of the first two embodiments and are therefore denoted by the same reference numerals.
  • the protective element 10 is also multi-layered and has a cover plate 11 formed as a 2 mm thick steel plate. Behind the cover plate 11, a first armor plate 13 with holes 13.1 is arranged, which is formed of armored steel and has a thickness of 15 mm. Glued to the armor plate 13 is a first damping layer 14, which consists of 20 mm thick aluminum foam. Behind the damping layer 14 is a glued with this second armor plate 15, which is designed as a 5 mm thick armor steel plate with holes 15.1. To the perforated plate 15 then a second cover plate 12 is provided, which is identical to the cover plate 11 and is connected via spacers 3 to the base armor 2.1 of the vehicle.
  • a damping layer 16 formed of iron foam is further provided with a thickness of 20 mm.
  • a 10 mm thick armor layer 2.2 Arranged on the vehicle in the area behind the base armor 2.1 is a 10 mm thick armor layer 2.2, which may be designed as a liner.
  • the holes 13.1, 15.1 of the two armor plates 13, 15 are arranged offset to each other.
  • the offset of the holes 13.1, 15.1 is selected such that a bullet through which arranged one behind the other Armor plates 13, 15 on a straight trajectory even with a projectile 1 arbitrarily small caliber is not possible.
  • the exemplary embodiments of the protective element 10 described above have an armor plate 13, 15, which is designed as a perforated plate having a plurality of holes 13.1, 15.1, so that the weight of the protective element 10 is reduced. Due to the breaking, dividing and deflecting action of the holes 13.1, 15.1, a protective element 10 can be provided, which has improved protection against ballistic threats.
  • the protective element 10 can therefore be used polyvalent against threats by ballistic projectiles 1 of different caliber.
  • projectiles 1 which act by their kinetic energy (KE projectiles)
  • KE projectiles kinetic energy

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Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Schutzelement zum Schutz gegen ballistische Geschosse mit einer Panzerungsplatte sowie ein militärisches Fahrzeug mit einem derartigen Schutzelement.The invention relates to a protective element for protection against ballistic projectiles with an armor plate and a military vehicle with such a protective element.

Schutzelemente werden im militärischen Anwendungsbereich an Fahrzeugen und anderen Einrichtungen, wie z. B. Gebäuden und Waffen, zur Abwehr von Gefahren unterschiedlicher Art eingesetzt. Zum Schutz gegen Geschosse mit ballistischer Wirkung, wie beispielsweise durch eine Treibladung beschleunigte Projektile oder projektilbildende Ladungen (explosively formed projectiles, EFP), können Schutzelemente mit einer Panzerungsplatte zum Einsatz kommen. Die Panzerungsplatte derartiger Schutzelemente ist üblicherweise massiv ausgeführt und weist eine erhöhte Beständigkeit gegenüber ballistischen Geschossen auf.Protective elements are used in military applications on vehicles and other facilities, such. As buildings and weapons used to ward off dangers of various kinds. For protection against bullet-impact projectiles, such as projectile-accelerated projectiles or projectile-forming charges (explosively formed projectiles, EFP), protective elements with an armor plate can be used. The armor plate of such protective elements is usually made solid and has an increased resistance to ballistic bullets.

Es sind verschiedene Verbundpanzerungen bekannt, die aus unterschiedlichen Materialien bestehen (z.B. Panzerstähle im Verbund mit Keramik- oder Keramikverbundwerkstoffen). Die Fertigung derartiger keramischer Panzerungsplatten gestaltet sich allerdings zeitaufwändig und ist mit vergleichsweise hohen Kosten verbunden. Weitaus geringere Herstellungskosten können erreicht werden, wenn die Panzerungsplatte aus Panzerstahl mit einer hohen Härte und Zähigkeit ausgebildet ist.There have been known various composite armor made of different materials (e.g., armor steels in combination with ceramic or ceramic composites). However, the production of such ceramic armor plates is time-consuming and involves relatively high costs. Far lower manufacturing costs can be achieved if the armor plate is made of armored steel with a high hardness and toughness.

Ein Schutzelement zum Schutz gegen ballistische Geschosse mit mehreren Panzerungsplatten, die jeweils als eine mehrere Löcher aufweisende Lochplatte ausgebildet ist, ist beispielsweise aus der US 4,716,810 A oder der FR1288212 A bekannt.A protective element for protection against ballistic bullets with multiple armor plates, which is in each case designed as a multi-hole perforated plate is, for example, from US 4,716,810 A or the FR1288212 A known.

Um Schutz gegen Geschosse mit hoher kinetischer Energie zu ermöglichen, ist es erforderlich, die Panzerungsplatte entsprechend dick auszulegen, was mit einem erhöhten Gewicht des Schutzelements einhergeht. Im Hinblick auf die Verwendung derartiger Schutzelemente an militärischen Fahrzeugen bringt dies den Nachteil mit sich, dass die Beweglichkeit des Fahrzeugs durch das hohe Gewicht der Schutzelemente eingeschränkt wird.In order to provide protection against projectiles with high kinetic energy, it is necessary to make the armor plate correspondingly thick, which is associated with an increased weight of the protective element. With regard to the use of such protective elements on military vehicles, this entails the disadvantage that the mobility of the vehicle is limited by the high weight of the protective elements.

Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich die Erfindung die Aufgabe, das Gewicht des Schutzelements zu verringern, ohne dessen Schutzwirkung gegen ballistische Geschosse nachteilig zu beeinflussen.Against this background, the invention has the object to reduce the weight of the protective element, without adversely affecting its protective effect against ballistic projectiles.

Bei einem Schutzelement der eingangs genannten Art wird die Aufgabe mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.In a protective element of the type mentioned, the problem is solved with the features of claim 1.

Im Bereich der Löcher ist das Material der Panzerungsplatte entfernt, so dass die durchlöcherte Panzerungsplatte ein im Vergleich zu einer massiven Panzerungsplatte verringertes Gewicht aufweist. Durch die Lochplatte kann somit das Gewicht des gesamten Schutzelements verringert werden.In the area of the holes, the material of the armor plate is removed so that the perforated armor plate has a reduced weight compared to a solid armor plate. The weight of the entire protective element can thus be reduced by the perforated plate.

Das erfindungsgemäße Schutzelement kann ein Schutzniveau aufweisen, welches mit dem Schutzniveau eines Schutzelements mit massiver Panzerungsplatte vergleichbar ist. Ein auf die Lochplatte auftreffendes Geschoss kann an den Löchern aufgebrochen und/oder in mehrere Teile zerteilt werden, so dass seine Durchschlagskraft vermindert werden kann. Teile des Geschosses können durch die Löcher der Lochplatte durchtreten und dabei das Geschoss aufreißen.The protective element according to the invention can have a level of protection that is comparable to the level of protection of a protective element with a solid armor plate. A projectile striking the perforated plate can be broken up at the holes and / or divided into several parts, so that its penetrating power can be reduced. Parts of the projectile can pass through the holes of the perforated plate and thereby tear the projectile.

Ferner können auftreffende Geschosse an den Kanten und/oder Innenwandungen der Löcher abgelenkt werden. Dieser Effekt der Löcher wirkt sich ebenfalls positiv auf die Schutzwirkung aus, da abgelenkte Geschosse eine verringerte kinetische Energie aufweisen können und somit leichter abgewehrt werden können.Furthermore, impacting projectiles can be deflected at the edges and / or inner walls of the holes. This effect of the holes also has a positive effect on the protective effect, since deflected projectiles can have a reduced kinetic energy and thus can be repelled more easily.

Somit kann durch die Erfindung ein Schutzelement mit verringertem Gewicht bereitgestellt werden, dessen Schutzwirkung gegen ballistische Geschosse durch die Löcher nicht nachteilig beeinflusst wird.Thus, the invention can provide a reduced weight protective element whose protective effect against ballistic projectiles through the holes is not adversely affected.

Die Löcher der Lochplatte können als die Panzerungsplatte vollständig durchdringende Durchgangslöcher ausgebildet sein. Es ist aber auch möglich, die Löcher als Sacklöcher auszubilden, welche die Panzerungsplatte nur teilweise durchdringen. Im Bereich der Sacklöcher kann das Material der Panzerungsplatte eine Dicke aufweisen, die höchstens 50 % der Dicke des die Löcher umgebenden Materials, bevorzugt 10 % der Dicke des die Löcher umgebenden Materials, besonders bevorzugt höchstens 5 % der Dicke des die Löcher umgebenden Materials entspricht.The holes of the perforated plate may be formed as the armor plate completely penetrating through holes. But it is also possible to form the holes as blind holes, which the armor plate only partially penetrate. In the area of the blind holes, the material of the armor plate may have a thickness which corresponds to at most 50% of the thickness of the material surrounding the holes, preferably 10% of the thickness of the material surrounding the holes, more preferably at most 5% of the thickness of the material surrounding the holes.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die Löcher in der Lochplatte rasterförmig verteilt angeordnet, so dass ein Bereich gebildet wird, in welchem auftreffende Geschosse aufgebrochen, zerteilt und/oder abgelenkt werden können. Ein Lochraster kann aus einer Vielzahl von Löchern gebildet werden, die hinsichtlich ihrer Größe gleich sind und/oder in gleichen orthogonalen Abständen zueinander angeordnet sind. Durch das Lochraster kann eine regelmäßig perforierte Oberfläche der Lochplatte ausgebildet werden, welche ein gleichmäßiges Schutzniveau aufweist. Das Lochraster kann sich über die gesamte der Bedrohung durch Geschosse zugewandte Oberfläche der Panzerungsplatte erstrecken, wodurch eine vollflächige Schutzwirkung gegen ballistische Geschosse ermöglich wird.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the holes in the perforated plate are arranged distributed in a grid pattern, so that an area is formed in which impinging projectiles can be broken up, divided and / or deflected. A hole pattern may be formed from a plurality of holes that are equal in size and / or arranged at equal orthogonal distances from each other. Through the hole pattern, a regularly perforated surface of the perforated plate can be formed, which has a uniform level of protection. The breadboard can extend over the entire surface of the armor plate facing the bullet threat, providing full-scale ballistic bullet protection.

Im Hinblick auf die Schutzwirkung hat es sich ferner als vorteilhaft herausgestellt, wenn die Größe der Löcher kleiner als das Kaliber der auftreffenden Geschosse gewählt ist, so dass ein Geschoss ein Loch nicht durchdringen kann, ohne dabei aufgebrochen oder zerteilt zu werden. Ein wirksamer Schutz gegen Geschosse mit Kaliber 7,62 mm kann beispielsweise erreicht werden, wenn die Löcher einen Durchmesser von 7 mm aufweisen.With regard to the protective effect, it has also proven to be advantageous if the size of the holes is chosen to be smaller than the caliber of the impacting projectiles, so that a projectile can not penetrate a hole without being broken up or broken up. Effective protection against bullets of caliber 7.62 mm can be achieved, for example, if the holes have a diameter of 7 mm.

Die Löcher der Lochplatte können grundsätzlich eine beliebige Querschnittsfläche aufweisen. Für die Fertigung derartiger Schutzelemente hat es sich allerdings als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn die Löcher mit einer kreisförmigen Querschnittsfläche ausgebildet sind, so dass sie als zylindrische Bohrungen durch ein Bohrwerkzeug in die Panzerungsplatte eingebracht werden können. Bevorzugt ist die Breite der Querschnittsfläche, insbesondere der Durchmesser, der Löcher größer als der Abstand zwischen den Löchern, so dass die auftreffenden Geschosse mit einer erhöhten Wahrscheinlichkeit im Bereich eines Lochs auf der Lochplatte auftreffen können. Das Verhältnis des Abstands zwischen den Löchern zu der Breite der Querschnittsfläche der Löcher kann im Bereich größer als 0,5, bevorzugt größer als 0,55, besonders bevorzugt größer als 0,6, liegen. Geschosse mit dem Kaliber 7,62 mm können z. B. wirksam abgewehrt werden, wenn die Löcher einen Durchmesser von 7 mm aufweisen und 4 mm von einander beabstandet sind.The holes of the perforated plate can basically have any cross-sectional area. For the production of such protective elements, however, it has proven to be advantageous if the holes with a circular Cross-sectional area are formed so that they can be introduced as a cylindrical holes by a drilling tool in the armor plate. Preferably, the width of the cross-sectional area, in particular the diameter, of the holes is greater than the distance between the holes, so that the impacting projectiles can hit with an increased probability in the region of a hole on the perforated plate. The ratio of the distance between the holes to the width of the cross-sectional area of the holes can be in the range greater than 0.5, preferably greater than 0.55, particularly preferably greater than 0.6. Bullets with the caliber 7.62 mm can z. B. are effectively fended off when the holes have a diameter of 7 mm and are 4 mm apart.

Um die Schutzwirkung zu erhöhen, weist das Schutzelement erfindungsgemäss mehrere, geschichtet angeordnete Lochplatten auf, so dass solche Geschosse die in der ersten Lochplatte nicht vollständig abgebremst werden können, auf eine zweite, hinter der ersten Lochplatte angeordnete Lochplatte auftreffen können. Somit kann ein in das Schutzelement eindringendes Geschoss an den geschichteten Lochplatten mehrfach zerteilt und/oder abgelenkt werden. Die Lochplatten können in mehreren parallelen Lagen angeordnet sein oder schräg zu einander orientiert sein. Zwischen den einzelnen Lochplatten kann ein Freiraum vorgesehen sein, welchen Geschossfragmente ungehindert durchdringen können. Alternativ können die Lochplatten direkt oder über eine Zwischenschicht miteinander verbunden sein. Durch den Schichtaufbau kann das Schutzelement polyvalent gegen unterschiedliche Bedrohungen schützen.In order to increase the protective effect, the protective element according to the invention has a plurality of layered perforated plates, so that such projectiles which can not be completely decelerated in the first perforated plate can impinge on a second perforated plate arranged behind the first perforated plate. Thus, a projectile penetrating into the protective element can be repeatedly divided and / or deflected at the layered perforated plates. The perforated plates may be arranged in several parallel layers or oriented obliquely to each other. Between the individual perforated plates, a free space can be provided, which projectile fragments can penetrate unhindered. Alternatively, the perforated plates can be connected to each other directly or via an intermediate layer. Due to the layer structure, the protective element can protect polyvalent against different threats.

Bei einem Schutzelement mit mehreren Lochplatten ist es besonders bevorzugt, wenn die Löcher zweier Lochplatten zueinander versetzt angeordnet sind. Durch den Versatz der Löcher kann das Schutzelement nicht auf einer im Wesentlichen geraden Trajektorie - also ohne eine mit einem Verlust an kinetischer Energie verbundenen Ablenkung - durchdrungen werden. Ein Durchschuss eines Geschosses mit geringem Kaliber durch die Löcher mehrerer Lochplatten kann somit verhindert werden.In a protective element with a plurality of perforated plates, it is particularly preferred if the holes of two perforated plates are arranged offset from one another. Due to the offset of the holes, the protective element can not on a in the Substantially straight trajectory - so without a distraction associated with a loss of kinetic energy - be penetrated. A bullet through a bullet with low caliber through the holes of several perforated plates can thus be prevented.

Um die Durchschlagskraft ballistischer Geschosse weiter zu verringern, ist es ferner vorteilhaft, wenn das Schutzelement eine Dämpfungsschicht zur Absorption von kinetischer Energie auftreffender Geschosse aufweist.In order to further reduce the impact force of ballistic projectiles, it is also advantageous if the protective element has a damping layer for absorbing kinetic energy of impacting projectiles.

Zur Abwehr projektilbildender Ladungen hat es sich besonders bewährt, wenn die Dämpfungsschicht auf einer der Bedrohung durch auftreffende Geschosse abgewandten Seite der Lochplatte angeordnet ist. Das Projektil der projektilbildenden Ladung kann aufgrund der elastischen Wirkung der Dämpfungsschicht an der Oberfläche der im Vergleich zu der Dämpfungsschicht harten Lochplatte kurzzeitig aufgehalten werden. Dabei kann sich die Spitze des Projektils verformen und das Material des Projektils lateral entlang der Oberfläche der Lochplatte entlang fließen, so dass das Projektil aufgeweitet wird. Besonders bevorzugt ist die Dämpfungsschicht zwischen zwei Lochplatten angeordnet, so dass die Projektile in dem Schichtaufbau des Schutzelements mehrfach aufgeweitet, zerteilt und/oder abgelenkt werden können. Bei einem Schutzelement mit mehreren Lochplatten kann ein Dämpfungselement hinter mehreren Lochplatten vorgesehen sein.To defend projectile-forming charges, it has proven particularly useful if the damping layer is arranged on a side facing away from the threat of impinging projectiles of the perforated plate. Due to the elastic effect of the damping layer on the surface of the perforated plate, which is hard in comparison to the damping layer, the projectile of the projectile-forming charge can be stopped for a short time. In this case, the tip of the projectile can deform and the material of the projectile laterally along the surface of the perforated plate flow along, so that the projectile is widened. Particularly preferably, the damping layer is arranged between two perforated plates, so that the projectiles in the layer structure of the protective element can be repeatedly expanded, divided and / or deflected. In a protective element having a plurality of perforated plates, a damping element may be provided behind a plurality of perforated plates.

Bevorzugt weist das Schutzelement zudem eine insbesondere massive Grundpanzerungsplatte auf, die auf einer der Bedrohung durch auftreffende Geschosse abgewandten Seite der Lochplatte angeordnet ist. Die Geschosse können beim Durchtritt durch die Lochplatte abgelenkt und von der Grundpanzerungsplatte abgefangen werden, so dass ein erhöhter Schutz erreicht werden kann.Preferably, the protective element also has a particular massive base armor plate, which is arranged on a side facing away from the threat of impinging projectiles of the perforated plate. The projectiles can be deflected when passing through the perforated plate and intercepted by the base armor plate, so that an increased protection can be achieved.

Im Hinblick auf die Montage mehrlagiger Schutzelemente hat es sich ferner als vorteilhaft herausgestellt, wenn die Lochplatte mit einer Dämpfungsschicht und/oder einer zweiten Lochplatte fest verbunden ist. Die Verbindung kann als Verklebung ausgebildet sein, wodurch eine vereinfachte Fertigung des Schutzelements ermöglicht wird. Alternativ kann die Verbindung über Verschweißen oder über Vulkanisierung gebildet werden.With regard to the assembly of multi-layer protective elements, it has also been found to be advantageous if the perforated plate is firmly connected to a damping layer and / or a second perforated plate. The connection may be formed as a bond, whereby a simplified production of the protective element is made possible. Alternatively, the connection may be formed by welding or vulcanization.

Eine weitere Erleichterung für die Handhabung des Schutzelements kann erreicht werden, wenn eine Deckplatte zur Abdeckung des Schutzelements vorgesehen ist. Die Deckplatte kann das Schutzelement nach Art eines Gehäuses umschließen, wodurch das Schutzelement kompakt transportiert und als Zusatzpanzerung verwendet werden kann. Bevorzugt ist die Deckplatte lackierbar ausgebildet, so dass das Erscheinungsbild des Schutzelements an das des militärischen Fahrzeugs oder der militärischen Einrichtung angepasst werden kann. Ferner kann eine rutschfeste Beschichtung der Deckplatte vorgesehen sein.A further relief for the handling of the protective element can be achieved if a cover plate is provided to cover the protective element. The cover plate can enclose the protective element in the manner of a housing, whereby the protective element can be compactly transported and used as additional armor. Preferably, the cover plate is designed paintable, so that the appearance of the protective element can be adapted to that of the military vehicle or the military device. Furthermore, a non-slip coating of the cover plate may be provided.

Die Löcher der Lochplatte können in Richtung der Plattennormalen der Lochplatte verlaufen. Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung verlaufen die Löcher in einer Richtung schräg zur Plattennormalen. Durch die schräg in das Plattenmaterial eingebrachten Löcher kann das Gewicht der Panzerungsplatte weiter verringert werden, da im Vergleich zu solchen Löchern, die in Richtung der Plattennormalen verlaufen, mehr Material der Panzerungsplatte entfernt wird. Die Richtung der Löcher kann mit der Plattennormalen einen Winkel einschließen, der kleiner als 90° beträgt. Durch diesen Lochwinkel kann die Ablenkung und Fragmentierung der auf die Lochplatte auftreffenden Geschosse beeinflusst werden.The holes of the perforated plate can run in the direction of the plate normal of the perforated plate. According to an advantageous embodiment, the holes extend in a direction oblique to the plate normal. By the obliquely introduced into the plate material holes, the weight of the armor plate can be further reduced, as compared to such holes, which run in the direction of the plate normal, more material of the armor plate is removed. The direction of the holes may include an angle that is less than 90 ° with the plate normal. This hole angle can influence the deflection and fragmentation of the projectiles impacting the perforated plate.

In diesem Zusammenhang hat es sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn die Richtung der Löcher und die Plattennormale einen Winkel von mindestens 5°, bevorzugt von mindestens 10°, besonders bevorzugt von mindestens 20°, einschließen, so dass auf die Lochplatte auftreffende Geschosse stark abgelenkt werden können.In this context, it has proved to be particularly advantageous if the direction of the holes and the plate normal include an angle of at least 5 °, preferably of at least 10 °, more preferably of at least 20 °, so that strongly deflects impacting the perforated plate projectiles can be.

Schräg in die Lochplatte eingebrachte Löcher können auch bei einem mehrlagigen Schutzelement Anwendung finden. Bevorzugt weist das Schutzelement mehrere Lochplatten auf, deren Löcher in unterschiedlichen Richtungen verlaufen. Auf diese Weise können verschiedene Lochplatten des Schutzelements eine unterschiedliche Wirkung auf auftreffende Geschosse ausüben. Ferner kann die Gefahr von Durchschüssen verringert werden. Die Löcher einer Lochplatte können hierbei in derselben Richtung ausgerichtet sein. Löcher verschiedener parallel angeordneter Platten können jeweils einen unterschiedlichen Winkel mit der Oberfläche einschließen. Ferner ist es möglich, die Löcher einer Platte in Richtung der Plattennormalen und die Löcher einer weiteren Platte schräg zur Plattennormalen anzuordnen.Slots introduced obliquely into the perforated plate can also be used with a multilayer protective element. Preferably, the protective element has a plurality of perforated plates whose holes extend in different directions. In this way, different perforated plates of the protective element can exert a different effect on impinging projectiles. Furthermore, the risk of bullets can be reduced. The holes of a perforated plate can hereby be aligned in the same direction. Holes of different parallel plates may each subtend a different angle with the surface. Further, it is possible to arrange the holes of one plate in the direction of the plate normal and the holes of another plate obliquely to the plate normal.

In diesem Zusammenhang hat es sich als besonders bevorzugt erwiesen, wenn die Richtungen der Löcher zweier Lochplatten einen Winkel von mindestens 5°, bevorzugt von mindestens 10°, besonders bevorzugt von mindestens 20° einschließen.In this context, it has proved to be particularly preferred if the directions of the holes of two perforated plates form an angle of at least 5 °, preferably of at least 10 °, particularly preferably of at least 20 °.

Erfindungsgemäß weist das Schutzelement mehrere Lochplatten auf, deren Löcher eine unterschiedliche Querschnittsfläche aufweisen. Über die Querschnittsfläche kann die Schutzwirkung der jeweiligen Lochplatte an unterschiedliche Geschosse angepasst werden. Hierbei ist es möglich, die Löcher einer Lochplatte jeweils mit gleicher Querschnittsfläche auszubilden. Die Querschnittsfläche kann rund, polygonal, insbesondere drei-, vier-, fünf-, sechseckig, oder mit einem beliebigen Grundriss ausgebildet sein. Besonders bevorzugt weisen hintereinander angeordnete parallele Lochplatten Löcher unterschiedlicher Größe auf, so dass das Schutzelement auf die Abwehr von unterschiedlichen Geschosstypen ausgelegt werden kann.According to the invention, the protective element has a plurality of perforated plates whose holes have a different cross-sectional area. About the cross-sectional area, the protective effect of the respective perforated plate can be adapted to different floors. In this case, it is possible to form the holes of a perforated plate in each case with the same cross-sectional area. The cross-sectional area may be round, polygonal, in particular three, four, five, hexagonal, or be formed with any floor plan. Particularly preferably, successively arranged parallel perforated plates on holes of different sizes, so that the protective element can be designed to defend against different types of bullets.

Im Hinblick auf solche Löcher, die als zylindrische Bohrungen in der Lochplatte ausgebildet sind, hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn die Löcher zweier Lochplatten unterschiedliche Durchmesser aufweisen. Die Löcher einer Lochplatte können dabei denselben Durchmesser aufweisen. Über den Durchmesser kann die Schutzwirkung an das Kaliber der Geschosse angepasst werden. Hierbei können sich die Durchmesser um mindestens 5 %, bevorzugt mindestens 25 %, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 50 %, des kleineren Durchmessers unterscheiden.With regard to such holes, which are formed as cylindrical holes in the perforated plate, it has proven to be advantageous if the holes of two perforated plates have different diameters. The holes of a perforated plate can have the same diameter. The protective effect can be adapted to the caliber of the projectiles via the diameter. In this case, the diameters may differ by at least 5%, preferably at least 25%, particularly preferably at least 50%, of the smaller diameter.

Erfindungsgemäß weist das Schutzelement mehrere Lochplatten mit unterschiedlicher Dicke auf. Über die Dicke der Lochplatten kann die Beständigkeit der Lochplatte gegenüber auftreffenden Geschossen beeinflusst werden. Um die Schutzwirkung der Lochplatte zu erhöhen, kann die Dicke der Lochplatte erhöht werden, wobei allerdings auch das Gewicht der Lochplatte erhöht wird.According to the invention, the protective element has a plurality of perforated plates with different thicknesses. The thickness of the perforated plates can influence the resistance of the perforated plate to impacting projectiles. In order to increase the protective effect of the perforated plate, the thickness of the perforated plate can be increased, but also the weight of the perforated plate is increased.

Ein Schutzelement mit hoher Schutzwirkung und geringem Gewicht wird erfindungsgemäss bereitgestellt, wenn eine der Bedrohung durch auftreffende Geschosse zugewandte Lochplatte dicker ausgebildet ist, als eine der Bedrohung abgewandte Lochplatte. Auftreffende Geschosse können zunächst an der dickeren Lochplatte aufgebrochen, zerteilt und ggf. abgelenkt werden, bevor sie auf die zweite Lochplatte mit geringerer Schutzwirkung treffen. Erfindungsgemäss weist die dickere Platte auch größere Löcher als die dünnere Platte auf.A protective element with high protection and low weight is provided according to the invention, when one of the threat of impinging projectiles facing perforated plate is formed thicker than a threat facing away from the perforated plate. Impacting projectiles can first be broken up at the thicker perforated plate, split and, if necessary, deflected before they hit the second perforated plate with less protective effect. According to the invention, the thicker plate also has larger holes than the thinner plate.

Als vorteilhaft hat es sich hierbei herausgestellt, wenn das Verhältnis der Dicken zweier Lochplatten mindestens zwei, bevorzugt mindestens drei, besonders bevorzugt mindestens fünf beträgt.It has proven to be advantageous in this case if the ratio of the thicknesses of two perforated plates is at least two, preferably at least three, particularly preferably at least five.

Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die Löcher mit einem von dem Material der Lochplatte abweichenden Füllmaterial gefüllt. Durch das Füllmaterial können die Lochplatten z. B. gegen das Eindringen von Staub oder gasförmigen Verschmutzungen geschützt werden.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the holes are filled with a deviating from the material of the perforated plate filling material. Due to the filling material, the perforated plates z. B. against the ingress of dust or gaseous pollutions are protected.

Im Hinblick auf das Füllmaterial hat es sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn dieses eine geringere, insbesondere wesentlich geringere, Dichte als das Material der Lochplatte aufweist. Das Verhältnis der unterschiedlichen Dichten kann mehr als 1:3, insbesondere mehr als 1:6, betragen. Bevorzugt liegt es im Bereich von 1:6 bis 1:10. Durch das Füllmaterial kann die Masse der Lochplatte nur geringfügig vergrößert werden. Gleichzeitig kann erreicht werden, dass die Lochplatte eine aufbrechende, zerteilende und/oder ablenkende Wirkung auf auftreffende Geschosse ausübt. Als Füllmaterial kann insbesondere ein Kleber verwendet werden, der auch zum Verkleben der Lochplatte mit angrenzenden Schichten Verwendung finden kann. Das Füllmaterial, insbesondere ein Kleber, kann in die Löcher in festem Zustand eingebracht oder in flüssigem Zustand eingebracht und anschließend ausgehärtet werden.With regard to the filling material, it has proved to be particularly advantageous if this has a lower, in particular substantially lower, density than the material of the perforated plate. The ratio of the different densities can be more than 1: 3, in particular more than 1: 6. It is preferably in the range from 1: 6 to 1:10. Due to the filling material, the mass of the perforated plate can only be increased slightly. At the same time it can be achieved that the perforated plate exerts an exploding, dividing and / or distracting effect on impinging projectiles. In particular, an adhesive which can also be used for bonding the perforated plate to adjacent layers can be used as the filling material. The filling material, in particular an adhesive, can be introduced into the holes in the solid state or introduced in the liquid state and then cured.

Ein weiterer Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein militärisches Fahrzeug mit einem Schutzelement der eingangs genannten Art. Bei einem derartigen Fahrzeug tragen die bereits im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Schutzelement beschriebenen Merkmale zur Lösung der Aufgabe bei.Another object of the invention is a military vehicle with a protective element of the type mentioned. In such a vehicle, the features already described in connection with the protective element according to the invention contribute to the solution of the problem.

Das Schutzelement kann nach Art einer Nachrüstlösung als Zusatzpanzerung auf einer Grundpanzerung des militärischen Fahrzeugs angeordnet sein. Hierbei ist es bevorzugt, wenn das Schutzelement in einem Abstand vor der Grundpanzerung des Fahrzeugs angeordnet ist. Auf das Schutzelement auftreffende Geschosse können an der Lochplatte abgelenkt werden und in einem schrägen Winkel auf die beabstandete Grundpanzerung des Fahrzeugs auftreffen. Durch derartig abgelenkte Geschosse und/oder Geschossfragmente kann eine geringere Bedrohung für die Grundpanzerung ausgehen, als dies bei senkrecht auf die Grundpanzerung auftreffenden Geschossen und/oder Geschossfragmenten der Fall wäre.The protective element can be arranged in the manner of a retrofit solution as additional armor on a base armor of the military vehicle. In this case, it is preferred if the protective element is arranged at a distance in front of the base armor of the vehicle. Projectiles impinging on the protective element can be deflected at the perforated plate and impinge on the spaced basic armor of the vehicle at an oblique angle. Such deflected projectiles and / or projectile fragments may pose a lesser threat to the base armor than would be the case with projectiles and / or projectile fragments impinging vertically on the base armor.

Als besonders bevorzugt hat es sich hierbei herausgestellt, wenn der Abstand des Schutzelements zu der Grundpanzerung mindestens 1 cm, bevorzugt mindestens 2 cm, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 5 cm, beträgt. Zur Halterung des Schutzelements können Abstandshalter zwischen dem Schutzelement und der Grundpanzerung angeordnet sein.In this case, it has proven to be particularly preferable if the distance between the protective element and the base armor is at least 1 cm, preferably at least 2 cm, particularly preferably at least 5 cm. For holding the protective element spacers may be arranged between the protective element and the base armor.

Im Hinblick auf Bedrohungen durch ballistische Geschosse hat es sich ferner als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn das Schutzelement an einer Fahrzeugseite angeordnet ist, wobei die Löcher ausgehend von einer dem Fahrzeug abgewandten Seite in einer Richtung von unten schräg nach oben verlaufen. Da ein Beschuss mit ballistischen Geschossen aus einer Richtung schräg von unten unwahrscheinlich ist, kann durch eine derartige Anordnung der Löcher die Gefahr eines direkten Durchschusses durch eine Lochplatte des Schutzelements stark verringert werden.With regard to threats from ballistic missiles, it has also proven to be advantageous if the protective element is arranged on a vehicle side, wherein the holes, starting from a side facing away from the vehicle in a direction from below obliquely upward. Since it is unlikely that ballistic missiles from a direction obliquely from below, the danger of a direct penetration through a perforated plate of the protective element can be greatly reduced by such an arrangement of the holes.

Im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeug können ferner auch die im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Schutzelement beschriebenen vorteilhaften Ausgestaltungen zur Anwendung kommen.In connection with the vehicle according to the invention, furthermore, the advantageous embodiments described in connection with the protective element according to the invention can also be used.

Weitere Vorteile und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sollen im Folgenden anhand der in den Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele erläutert werden. Hierin zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine erste Ausgestaltung eines Schutzelements als Zusatzpanzerung in einer Schnittdarstellung;
Fig. 2
eine zweite Ausgestaltung eines Schutzelements in einer Schnittdarstellung;
Fig. 3
eine Ansicht einer Lochplatte von einer Bedrohungsseite;
Fig. 4
eine dritte Ausgestaltung eines Schutzelements in einer Schnittdarstellung;
Fig. 5
eine schematische Schnittdarstellung eines Schutzelements mit Löchern unterschiedlicher Größe; und
Fig. 6-7
schematische Schnittdarstellungen von Schutzelementen mit unterschiedlich orientierten Löchern.
Further advantages and embodiments of the invention will be explained below with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the figures. Hereby shows:
Fig. 1
a first embodiment of a protective element as additional armor in a sectional view;
Fig. 2
a second embodiment of a protective element in a sectional view;
Fig. 3
a view of a perforated plate from a threat side;
Fig. 4
a third embodiment of a protective element in a sectional view;
Fig. 5
a schematic sectional view of a protective element with holes of different sizes; and
Fig. 6-7
schematic sectional views of protective elements with differently oriented holes.

Die Fig. 1 zeigt ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Schutzelements 10 zum Schutz gegen ballistische Geschosse 1. Gemäß diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist das Schutzelement 10 nach Art einer Zusatzpanzerung über Abstandshalter 3 an einer Grundpanzerung 2.1 eines militärischen Fahrzeugs angeordnet. Das Schutzelement weist mehrere Panzerungsplatten 13, 15 auf, welche zur Verringerung ihres Gewichts als eine Vielzahl an Löchern 13.1, 15.1 aufweisende Lochplatten ausgebildet sind. Das Schutzelement 10 bildet eine Lochblechverbundpanzerung zum Schutz gegen rohr- und laufverschossene Projektile sowie projektilbildende Ladungen, die insbesondere als IED (improvised explosive device) ausgebildet sein können.The Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the protection element 10 according to the invention for protection against ballistic projectiles 1. According to this embodiment, the protective element 10 is arranged in the manner of an additional armor via spacers 3 on a base armor 2.1 of a military vehicle. The protective element has a plurality of armor plates 13, 15, which are designed to reduce their weight as a plurality of holes 13.1, 15.1 having perforated plates. The protective element 10 forms a perforated laminated composite armor for protection against projectiles which are shot down in pipes and projectiles as well as projectile-forming charges, which in particular can be designed as IED (improvised explosive device).

Die Löcher der ebenen Lochplatten 13, 15 sind als Durchgangslöcher ausgebildet. Neben der Verringerung des Gewichts der Schutzplatten 13, 15 kann durch die Löcher 13.1, 15.1 die Schutzwirkung im Vergleich zu einer massiven Panzerungsplatte 13, 15 gegen ballistische Geschosse 1 erhöht werden. Denn ein auf eine Lochplatte 13, 15 auftreffendes Geschoss kann an den Löchern 13.1, 15.1 aufgebrochen und/oder fragmentiert werden. Hierdurch kann die kinetische Energie des Geschosses 1 verringert und somit seine Durchschlagskraft vermindert werden. Es ist möglich, dass Teile des Geschosses 1 durch die Löcher 13.1 der vorderen Panzerungsplatte 13 hindurch gelangen können. In der Regel werden diese Geschossfragmente jedoch bereits an den Löchern 13.1 der vorderen Lochplatte 13 abgelenkt und treffen daher nicht in senkrechtem Winkel auf die dahinter liegenden Schichten 14, 15, 12, 2.1. Daher können die hinteren Schichten 14, 15, 12, 2.1 ein geringeres Schutzniveau aufweisen. Die Schutzwirkung der Lochplatte 13, 15 ist besonders stark ausgeprägt, wenn die Größer der Löcher 13.1, 15.1 an das Kaliber der auftreffenden Geschosse 1 angepasst ist. Hierzu kann die Größe der Löcher 13.1, 15.1 kleiner als das Kaliber der auftreffenden Geschosse 1 gewählt werden, so dass ein Geschoss 1 ein Loch 13.1, 15.1 nicht durchdringen kann, ohne dabei aufgebrochen oder zerteilt zu werdenThe holes of the flat perforated plates 13, 15 are formed as through holes. In addition to reducing the weight of the protective plates 13, 15 can be increased by the holes 13.1, 15.1 the protective effect compared to a solid armor plate 13, 15 against ballistic projectiles 1. For a projectile impinging on a perforated plate 13, 15 can be broken open at the holes 13.1, 15.1 and / or fragmented. As a result, the kinetic energy of the projectile 1 can be reduced and thus its penetrating power can be reduced. It is possible that parts of the projectile 1 can pass through the holes 13.1 of the front armor plate 13. In general, however, these projectile fragments are already deflected at the holes 13.1 of the front perforated plate 13 and therefore do not meet at a vertical angle to the underlying layers 14, 15, 12, 2.1. Therefore, the back layers 14, 15, 12, 2.1 can have a lower level of protection. The protective effect of the perforated plate 13, 15 is particularly pronounced when the size of the holes 13.1, 15.1 is adapted to the caliber of the impinging projectiles 1. For this purpose, the size of the holes 13.1, 15.1 smaller than the caliber of the impinging projectiles 1 can be selected so that a projectile 1 can not penetrate a hole 13.1, 15.1, without being broken or split

Das Schutzelement 10 ist mehrlagig ausgebildet. Es weist zwei Lochplatten 13, 15 aus Panzerstahl sowie eine zwischen den Lochplatten 13, 15 angeordnete Dämpfungsschicht 14 aus einem Metallschaum auf. Bevorzugt wird als Metallschaum ein Eisenschaum gewählt. Durch die Dämpfungsschicht 14 kann die Energie der auf der vorderen Lochplatte 13 auftreffenden Geschosse 1 absorbiert werden. Hierzu ist die Dämpfungsschicht 14 auf der der Bedrohung durch Geschosse 1 abgewandten Seite der Lochplatte 13 angeordnet, so dass ein Geschoss 1 zunächst auf der im Vergleich zu der Dämpfungsschicht 14 harten Lochplatte 13 auftrifft. Die Wucht des auftreffenden Geschosses kann durch die hinter der Lochplatte 13 angeordneten Dämpfungsschicht 14 elastisch aufgefangen werden. Bei Geschossen 1, welche als projektilbildende Ladungen ausgebildet sind, kann hierdurch ein so genannter "Dwell-Effekt" ausgelöst werden. Hierbei kann das Material des Geschosses 1 kurzzeitig an der Oberfläche der Lochplatte 13 verweilen und sich in lateraler Richtung entlang der Oberfläche verteilen, so dass das Geschoss 1 aufgeweitet wird.The protective element 10 is formed in multiple layers. It has two perforated plates 13, 15 made of armor steel and a damping layer 14 of metal foam arranged between the perforated plates 13, 15. Preferably, an iron foam is selected as the metal foam. By the damping layer 14, the energy of the impinging on the front perforated plate 13 projectiles 1 can be absorbed become. For this purpose, the damping layer 14 is disposed on the side facing away from the threat of bullets 1 side of the perforated plate 13, so that a projectile 1 first impinges on the hard in comparison to the damping layer 14 perforated plate 13. The force of the impinging projectile can be absorbed elastically by the damping layer 14 arranged behind the perforated plate 13. For projectiles 1, which are designed as projectile-forming charges, this can trigger a so-called "dwell effect". In this case, the material of the projectile 1 can briefly linger on the surface of the perforated plate 13 and spread in the lateral direction along the surface, so that the projectile 1 is widened.

Um die Panzerungsplatten 13, 15 sowie die Dämpfungsschicht 14 gegen Umwelteinflüsse zu schützen, weist das Schutzelement 10 ein Gehäuse auf. In dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 wird das Gehäuse durch zwei Deckplatten 11, 12 aus Stahl gebildet, welche jeweils mit einer Panzerungsplatte 13, 15 verbunden sind. Abweichend von der Schnittdarstellung in Fig. 1 kann das Gehäuse derart ausgebildet sein, dass es die Panzerungsplatten 13, 15 vollständig umgibt.In order to protect the armor plates 13, 15 and the damping layer 14 against environmental influences, the protective element 10 has a housing. In the embodiment according to Fig. 1 the housing is formed by two cover plates 11, 12 made of steel, which are each connected to an armor plate 13, 15. Deviating from the sectional view in Fig. 1 For example, the housing may be formed such that it completely surrounds the armor plates 13, 15.

Neben den vorstehend genannten Materialien können für die Schichten 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 des Schutzelements 10 alternativ Titanlegierungen, Wolframsintermetallen Schäume und glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoffschichten Verwendung finden.In addition to the materials mentioned above, it is alternatively possible for the layers 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the protective element 10 to use titanium alloys, tungsten-intermetallic foams and glass-fiber-reinforced plastic layers.

Die Deckplatte 11, die perforierte Panzerungsplatte 13, die Dämpfungsschicht 14, die perforierte Panzerungsplatte 15 sowie die Deckplatte 12 sind jeweils mit der angrenzenden Schicht über einen Kleber fest verbunden. Die Löcher 13.1 und 15.1 der beiden Panzerungsplatten 13, 15 sind dabei mit dem Kleber aufgefüllt. Der Kleber bildet ein Füllmaterial, welches eine wesentlich geringere Dichte als das Material der Panzerungsplatten 13, 15 aufweist und daher die aufbrechende, zerteilende und ggf. ablenkende Wirkung auf die auftreffenden Geschosse 1 nicht beeinträchtigt.The cover plate 11, the perforated armor plate 13, the damping layer 14, the perforated armor plate 15 and the cover plate 12 are each firmly connected to the adjacent layer via an adhesive. The holes 13.1 and 15.1 of the two armor plates 13, 15 are filled with the adhesive. The glue forms a filler, which is a much smaller Density than the material of the armor plates 13, 15 and therefore does not affect the breaking, dividing and possibly distracting effect on the impinging projectiles 1.

Wie der Darstellung in der Fig. 1 ferner zu entnehmen, sind die Löcher 13.1, 15.1 schräg in die Panzerungsplatten 13, 15 eingebracht. Die Löcher verlaufen entlang einer Lochrichtung L, welche einen Lochwinkel A mit der Plattennormalen N der Panzerungsplatten 13, 15 einschließt. Grundsätzlich kann der Winkel A einen beliebigen Wert kleiner als 90° aufweisen. Als vorteilhaft hat es sich jedoch erwiesen, wenn der Winkel A mindestens 5°, bevorzugt mindestens 10°, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 20°, beträgt. Durch die schräg durch das Material der Panzerungsplatten 13, 15 verlaufenden Löcher 13. 1, 15.1, kann im Vergleich zu einer Lochplatte mit senkrechten Löchern eine Gewichtsreduktion ermöglicht werden, ohne die ballistischen Eigenschaften der Panzerungsplatte 13, 15 negativ zu beeinflussen. Vielmehr können solche Geschosse 1, welche auf einer Innenwand eines Lochs 13.1, 15.1 auftreffen, durch den schrägen Einfall der Geschosse 1 auf der Innenwand verbessert abgewehrt werden.As the presentation in the Fig. 1 further, the holes 13.1, 15.1 are obliquely inserted into the armor plates 13, 15. The holes extend along a hole direction L, which includes a hole angle A with the plate normal N of the armor plates 13, 15. In principle, the angle A may have an arbitrary value less than 90 °. However, it has proved to be advantageous if the angle A is at least 5 °, preferably at least 10 °, particularly preferably at least 20 °. By running obliquely through the material of the armor plates 13, 15 holes 13. 1, 15.1, compared to a perforated plate with vertical holes a weight reduction can be made possible without affecting the ballistic properties of the armor plate 13, 15 negative. Rather, such projectiles 1, which impinge on an inner wall of a hole 13.1, 15.1, be improved by the oblique incidence of the projectiles 1 on the inner wall improved.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel verlaufen die Löcher 13.1, 15.1 der beiden Lochplatten 13, 15 in derselben Richtung L. Abweichend von dem Ausführungsbeispiel können die Löcher 13.1, 15.1 verschiedener Lochplatten 13, 15 unterschiedliche Lochrichtungen aufweisen. Auf diese Weise kann verhindert werden, dass ein Geschoss 1 mit im Vergleich zu der Größe der Löcher 13.1, 15.1 kleinem Kaliber das Schutzelement 10 auf einer geraden Trajektorie durchdringen kann. Beispielsweise kann die Richtung der Löcher 13.1 in der ersten Panzerungsplatte 13 mit der Richtung der Löcher 15.1 in der zweiten zur ersten Panzerungsplatte 13 parallel angeordneten Panzerungsplatte 15 einen Winkel einschließen der größer als 0° beträgt. Vorteilhafterweise beträgt der Winkel zwischen den Richtungen der Löcher zweier unterschiedlicher Panzerungsplatten 13, 15 mindestens 5°, bevorzugt mindestens 10°, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 20°.In the exemplary embodiment, the holes 13.1, 15.1 of the two perforated plates 13, 15 extend in the same direction L. Differing from the exemplary embodiment, the holes 13.1, 15.1 of different perforated plates 13, 15 can have different hole directions. In this way it can be prevented that a projectile 1 with small compared to the size of the holes 13.1, 15.1 can penetrate the protective element 10 on a straight trajectory. For example, the direction of the holes 13.1 in the first armor plate 13 with the direction of the holes 15.1 in the second to the first armor plate 13 parallel armor plate 15 include an angle greater than 0 °. Advantageously, the Angle between the directions of the holes of two different armor plates 13, 15 at least 5 °, preferably at least 10 °, more preferably at least 20 °.

Zwei Beispiele derartiger Schutzelemente 10 mit unterschiedlich orientierten Löchern 13.1, 15.1 sind in schematischer Schnittdarstellung in der Fig. 6 und Fig. 7 gezeigt. Gemäß der Darstellung in der Fig. 6 sind die Löcher 13.1 der Lochplatte 13 in Richtung L1 orientiert, die mit der Plattennormalen N zusammenfällt, und die Löcher 15.1 der parallel zu der Lochplatte 13 angeordneten Lochplatte 15 sind in einer Richtung L2 angeordnet, die mit der Plattennormalen N einen Winkel von 25° einschließt. Gemäß der Darstellung in der Fig. 7 sind die Löcher 13.1 in einer Richtung L1 orientiert und die Löcher 15.1 in einer Richtung L2, wobei die Richtungen L1 und L2 einen Winkel von 45° einschließen.Two examples of such protective elements 10 with differently oriented holes 13.1, 15.1 are shown in a schematic sectional view in FIG Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 shown. As shown in the Fig. 6 the holes 13.1 of the perforated plate 13 are oriented in the direction L1 which coincides with the plate normal N, and the holes 15.1 of the perforated plate 15 arranged parallel to the perforated plate 13 are arranged in a direction L2 which makes an angle of 25 ° with the plate normal N. , As shown in the Fig. 7 For example, the holes 13.1 are oriented in a direction L1 and the holes 15.1 are oriented in a direction L2, with the directions L1 and L2 enclosing an angle of 45 °.

Das Schutzelement 10 gemäß dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel in Fig. 1 weist Lochplatten 13, 15 auf, deren Löcher 13.1, 15.1 dieselbe Querschnittsfläche aufweisen. Die Löcher 13.1, 15.1 sind alle als zylindrische Bohrungen ausgeführt, so dass die Querschnittsfläche der Löcher 13.1, 15.1 kreisförmig ausgebildet ist. Alternativ können die Lochplatten 13, 15 des Schutzelements 10 Löcher mit unterschiedlicher Querschnittsfläche aufweisen. Beispielsweise können die Löcher 13.1 der ersten Panzerungsplatte 13 einen kreisförmigen und die Löcher 15.1 der zweiten zu der ersten Panzerungsplatte 13 parallel angeordneten Panzerungsplatte 15 eine eckige Querschnittsfläche aufweisen. Werden die beiden Lochplatten 13, 15 mit kreisförmigen Löchern 13.1, 15.1 versehen, so können die Löcher 13.1, 15.1 der beiden Panzerungsplatten 13, 15 unterschiedliche Durchmesser aufweisen, um die Schutzwirkung der Lochplatten 13, 15 auf unterschiedliche Kaliber der auftreffenden Geschosse 1 zu optimieren. Werden wie bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel mehrere Panzerungsplatten 13, 15 hintereinander angeordnet, so kann das Schutzelement 10 zum Schutz gegen Geschosse 1 mit unterschiedlichem Kaliber Panzerungsplatten 13, 15 mit Löchern unterschiedlicher Größe aufweisen. Als vorteilhaft hat es sich hierbei herausgestellt, wenn sich die Durchmesser der Löcher 13.1, 15.1 zweier Lochplatten 13, 15 um mindestens 5%, bevorzugt um mindestens 10%, besonders bevorzugt um mindestens 50%, des kleineren Durchmessers unterscheiden.The protective element 10 according to the first embodiment in FIG Fig. 1 has perforated plates 13, 15, whose holes 13.1, 15.1 have the same cross-sectional area. The holes 13.1, 15.1 are all designed as cylindrical bores, so that the cross-sectional area of the holes 13.1, 15.1 is circular. Alternatively, the perforated plates 13, 15 of the protective element 10 may have holes with a different cross-sectional area. For example, the holes 13.1 of the first armor plate 13 may have a circular cross-section and the holes 15.1 of the second armor plate 15 parallel to the first armor plate 13 may have an angular cross-sectional area. If the two perforated plates 13, 15 are provided with circular holes 13.1, 15.1, the holes 13.1, 15.1 of the two armor plates 13, 15 can have different diameters in order to optimize the protective effect of the perforated plates 13, 15 on different calibers of the impinging projectiles 1. Be as in the embodiment several armor plates 13, 15 arranged one behind the other, the protective element 10 can have armor plates 13, 15 with holes of different sizes for protection against projectiles 1 with different caliber. It has proven to be advantageous in this case if the diameters of the holes 13.1, 15.1 of two perforated plates 13, 15 differ by at least 5%, preferably by at least 10%, particularly preferably by at least 50%, of the smaller diameter.

Ein Beispiel eines derartigen Schutzelements 10 mit Löchern 13.1, 15.1 unterschiedlicher Größe ist in der Fig. 5 dargestellt. Die Löcher 13.1 der vorderen Lochplatte 13 weisen einen Durchmesser D1 auf, der größer gewählt ist als der Durchmesser D2 der Löcher 15.1 in der hinteren Lochplatte 15. Der Durchmesser D1 kann z. B. 15 mm und der Durchmesser D2 7 mm betragen.An example of such a protective element 10 with holes 13.1, 15.1 of different size is in the Fig. 5 shown. The holes 13.1 of the front perforated plate 13 have a diameter D1, which is selected to be larger than the diameter D2 of the holes 15.1 in the rear perforated plate 15. The diameter D1 can, for. B. 15 mm and the diameter D2 7 mm.

Bei Betrachtung der Darstellung in Fig. 1 fällt auf, dass das mehrlagige Schutzelement 10 mehrere Lochplatten 13, 15 umfasst, welche eine voneinander abweichende Dicke aufweisen. Die der Bedrohungsseite zugewandte Panzerungsplatte 13 ist dicker ausgebildet als die der Bedrohungsseite abgewandte Panzerungsplatte 15. Geschosse 1, die aus der Bedrohungsrichtung B auf das Schutzelement 10 auftreffen, kommen somit zunächst mit der dickeren Panzerungsplatte 13 in Kontakt. Beim Auftreffen auf die perforierte Panzerungsplatte 13 wird den Geschossen 1 kinetische Energie entzogen, sie werden in Geschossfragmente zerteilt und ggf. abgelenkt. Die Geschossfragmente treffen dann mit weitaus geringerer kinetischer Energie auf die in Bedrohungsrichtung B betrachtet hinter der ersten Panzerungsplatte 13 liegende zweite Panzerungsplatte 15, welche entsprechend der geringeren Energie der Geschossfragmente dünner ausgebildet ist. Auf diese Weise kann das Gewicht des Schutzelements 10 verringert werden. Als vorteilhaft hat es sich hierbei erwiesen, wenn das Verhältnis der Dicken der beiden Lochplatten 13, 15 mindestens 2, bevorzugt mindestens 3, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 5, beträgt.Looking at the illustration in Fig. 1 It is noticeable that the multi-layer protection element 10 comprises a plurality of perforated plates 13, 15, which have a different thickness from each other. The facing the threat side armor plate 13 is formed thicker than the threat side facing armor plate 15. Bullets 1, which impinge on the protective element 10 from the threat direction B, thus come first with the thicker armor plate 13 in contact. When hitting the perforated armor plate 13 1 kinetic energy is withdrawn from the projectiles, they are divided into projectile fragments and possibly deflected. The projectile fragments then meet with far less kinetic energy on the viewed in threat direction B behind the first armor plate 13 second armor plate 15, which is formed thinner according to the lower energy of the projectile fragments. In this way, the weight of the protective element 10 can be reduced. It has proved to be advantageous here if the ratio of the thicknesses of the two perforated plates 13, 15 is at least 2, preferably at least 3, particularly preferably at least 5.

Das Schutzelement 10 des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels kann als Zusatzpanzerung an einem militärischen Fahrzeug 2 angeordnet werden. Durch das verringerte Gewicht des Schutzelements 10 wird dabei die Beweglichkeit des Fahrzeugs kaum eingeschränkt. Durch die Lochplatten 13, 15 des Schutzelements 10 kann die kinetische Energie ballistischer Geschosse 1 derart verringert werden, dass sie von der Grundpanzerung 2.1 des Fahrzeugs 2 abgehalten werden können. In diesem Zusammenhang ist insbesondere der Ablenkungseffekt der Lochplatten 13, 15 von Bedeutung, durch welchen auftreffende Geschosse 1 von einer im Wesentlichen senkrecht zu der Oberfläche der Grundpanzerung 2.1 orientierten Bedrohungsrichtung B abgelenkt auf eine schräg zu der Oberfläche der Grundpanzerung 2.1 orientierten Richtung abgelenkt werden. Durch die Ablenkung wird die Wirkung der Geschosse 1 auf die Grundpanzerung 2.1 abgeschwächt.The protective element 10 of the first exemplary embodiment can be arranged as an additional armor on a military vehicle 2. Due to the reduced weight of the protective element 10 while the mobility of the vehicle is hardly limited. Through the perforated plates 13, 15 of the protective element 10, the kinetic energy of ballistic projectiles 1 can be reduced such that they can be prevented from the basic armor 2.1 of the vehicle 2. In this context, the deflection effect of the perforated plates 13, 15 is particularly important, by which impinging projectiles 1 are deflected deflected by a direction of threat B oriented substantially perpendicular to the surface of the base armor 2.1 on a direction oriented obliquely to the surface of the base armor 2.1. Due to the deflection, the effect of the projectiles 1 on the basic armor 2.1 is weakened.

Eine weitere Reduktion der Geschosswirkung kann dadurch erreicht werden, dass die Geschosse 1 bzw. deren Fragmente separiert werden und über eine größere Fläche verteilt auf der Grundpanzerung 2.1 auftreffen. Auf diesen Separationseffekt wirkt es sich vorteilhaft aus, wenn der Abstand zwischen einer Lochplatte 13, 15 des Schutzelements 10 und der massiven Grundpanzerung 2.1 möglichst groß gewählt wird. Hierbei beträgt der Abstand zwischen dem Schutzelement 10 und der Grundpanzerung 2.1 vorteilhafterweise mindestens 1 cm, bevorzugt mindestens 2 cm, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 5 cm. Die Anordnung des Schutzelements 10 in einem Abstand A vor der Grundpanzerung 2.1 kann durch Abstandshalter 3 mit einer dem Abstand A entsprechenden Tiefe ermöglicht werden.A further reduction in the projectile effect can be achieved by separating the projectiles 1 or their fragments and impinging them on the base armor 2.1 distributed over a larger area. On this separation effect, it has an advantageous effect if the distance between a perforated plate 13, 15 of the protective element 10 and the solid base armor 2.1 is chosen to be as large as possible. Here, the distance between the protective element 10 and the base armor 2.1 is advantageously at least 1 cm, preferably at least 2 cm, more preferably at least 5 cm. The arrangement of the protective element 10 at a distance A in front of the base armor 2.1 can be made possible by spacers 3 having a depth corresponding to the distance A.

Gemäß der Darstellung in Fig. 1 ist das Schutzelement 10 im Wesentlichen senkrecht an einer Fahrzeugseite des Fahrzeugs 2 angeordnet. Die Löcher 13.1, 15.1 des Schutzelements 10 verlaufen dabei ausgehend von einer dem Fahrzeug abgewandten Seite - der Bedrohungsseite - in einer Richtung von unten schräg nach oben. Ein derartiger aufsteigender Verlauf der Löcher 13.1, 15.1 hat sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, da ballistische Bedrohungen üblicherweise von in einer im Wesentlichen senkrecht zu der Fahrzeugseite orientierten Bedrohungsrichtung B oder aber von oben schräg nach unten in Richtung des Fahrzeugs 2 ausgehen. Ein Geschoss 1, welches da Fahrzeugs 2 von der Seite oder schräg von oben bedroht, kann das Schutzelement 10 bei einem aufsteigenden Verlauf der Löcher 13.1, 15.1 nicht auf einer geraden Trajektorie durchdringen und wird somit in jedem Fall durch die Schutzplatten 13, 15 abgelenkt und/oder zerteilt.As shown in Fig. 1 the protective element 10 is arranged substantially perpendicular to a vehicle side of the vehicle 2. The holes 13.1, 15.1 of the protective element 10 extend starting from a side facing away from the vehicle - the threat side - in a direction from below obliquely upward. Such an ascending course of the holes 13.1, 15.1 has proven to be advantageous, since ballistic threats usually emanate from an essentially perpendicular to the vehicle side oriented threat direction B or from above obliquely downward in the direction of the vehicle 2. A projectile 1, which threatens the vehicle 2 from the side or obliquely from above, can not penetrate the protective element 10 on an ascending course of the holes 13.1, 15.1 on a straight trajectory and is thus deflected in each case by the protective plates 13, 15 and / or parts.

Anhand der Darstellung in der Fig. 3 soll im Folgenden die rasterförmige Anordnung der Löcher 13.1 auf der Lochplatte 13 näher beschrieben werden. Die Löcher 15.1 der zweiten Lochplatte 15 können auf gleiche Weise angeordnet sein.Based on the presentation in the Fig. 3 will be described in more detail below, the grid-shaped arrangement of the holes 13.1 on the perforated plate 13. The holes 15.1 of the second perforated plate 15 can be arranged in the same way.

Die Löcher 13.1 weisen einen identischen Durchmesser D von 7 mm auf und bilden ein gleichmäßiges Lochraster der Lochplatte 13. Der Abstand der Löcher ist gleichmäßig gewählt. In einer Richtung X entlang der Oberfläche der Lochplatte 13 beträgt der Abstand E der Löcher 4 mm. In einer zu der Richtung X orthogonalen Richtung Y sind die Löcher ebenfalls mit einem Abstand F = 4 mm beabstandet. Alternativ können die Abstände der Löcher E, F unterschiedlich gewählt werden.The holes 13.1 have an identical diameter D of 7 mm and form a uniform hole pattern of the perforated plate 13. The distance between the holes is uniform. In a direction X along the surface of the perforated plate 13, the distance E of the holes is 4 mm. In a direction Y orthogonal to the direction X, the holes are also spaced a distance F = 4 mm. Alternatively, the distances of the holes E, F can be chosen differently.

Lochdurchmesser und -abstände sind derart gewählt, dass der Durchmesser D der Löcher 13.1 größer als die Abstände E, F der Löcher 13.1 sind, so dass ein auf die Lochplatte 13 auftreffendes Geschoss 1 mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit im Bereich eines Lochs 13.1 mit der Lochplatte in Kontakt gerät. Vorteilhaft ist ein Verhältnis des Abstands E, F zu dem Durchmesser D von größer als 0,5, bevorzugt größer als 0,55, besonders bevorzugt von größer als 0,6.Hole diameters and distances are chosen such that the diameter D of the holes 13.1 are greater than the distances E, F of the holes 13.1, so that a projectile 1 striking the perforated plate 13 is likely to come into contact with the perforated plate in the region of a hole 13.1. A ratio of the distance E, F to the diameter D of greater than 0.5, preferably greater than 0.55, particularly preferably greater than 0.6, is advantageous.

In der Fig. 2 ist ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel des Schutzelements 10 dargestellt. Die Bestandteile des Schutzelements 10 des zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels und deren Wirkungen gleichen denen des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels und sind daher mit denselben Bezugszeichen bezeichnet.In the Fig. 2 a second embodiment of the protective element 10 is shown. The constituents of the protective element 10 of the second embodiment and their effects are similar to those of the first embodiment and are therefore denoted by the same reference numerals.

Im Gegensatz zu dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel ist das in der Fig. 2 dargestellte Schutzelement 10 derart ausgebildet, dass es als alleinige Panzerung verwendet werden kann. Hierzu weist das Schutzelement 10 gemäß dem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel zusätzlich zu den Schichten des Schutzelements 10 gemäß dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel eine massiv ausgebildete Grundpanzerungsplatte 17 sowie eine zweite Dämpfungsschicht 16 auf. Abweichend von dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiels ist lediglich auf der Bedrohungsseite eine Deckplatte 11 vorgesehen und auf eine rückwärtige, der Bedrohung durch Geschosse 1 abgewandten Seite auf eine Deckplatte verzichtet worden.In contrast to the first embodiment, that is in the Fig. 2 Protective element 10 shown formed such that it can be used as a sole armor. For this purpose, the protective element 10 according to the second exemplary embodiment has, in addition to the layers of the protective element 10 according to the first exemplary embodiment, a solid base armor plate 17 and a second damping layer 16. Notwithstanding the first embodiment, a cover plate 11 is provided only on the threat side and has been dispensed with a rear, the threat of projectiles 1 side facing away from a cover plate.

Die Grundpanzerungsplatte 17 entspricht in ihrer Wirkung der Grundpanzerung 2.1 des Fahrzeugs 2 in dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel. Durch die Grundpanzerungsplatte 17 können an den Lochplatten 13, 15 zerteilte und/oder abgelenkte Geschosse 1 oder Geschossfragmente abgewehrt werden.The basic armor plate 17 corresponds in its effect to the base armor 2.1 of the vehicle 2 in the first embodiment. By the base armor plate 17 can be repelled on the perforated plates 13, 15 divided and / or deflected projectiles 1 or projectile fragments.

Die zweite Dämpfungsschicht 16 ist in Bedrohungsrichtung B hinter der zweiten Panzerungsplatte 15 angeordnet und kann daher kinetische Energie von solchen Geschossen aufnehmen, welche auf der zweiten Panzerungsplatte 15 auftreffen. Die zweite Dämpfungsschicht ist zwischen der perforierten Panzerungsplatte 15 und der massiven Grundpanzerungsplatte 17 angeordnet und mit beiden Platten verklebt.The second damping layer 16 is arranged in the direction of threat B behind the second armor plate 15 and can therefore absorb kinetic energy from those projectiles which impinge on the second armor plate 15. The second cushioning layer is between the perforated armor plate 15 and the massive base armor plate 17 arranged and glued to both plates.

Ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Schutzelements 10 in einer Schnittdarstellung zeigt Fig. 4. Die Bestandteile des Schutzelements 10 des dritten Ausführungsbeispiels und deren Wirkungen gleichen denen der ersten beiden Ausführungsbeispiele und sind daher mit denselben Bezugszeichen bezeichnet.A third embodiment of a protective element 10 in a sectional view shows Fig. 4 , The components of the protective element 10 of the third embodiment and their effects are similar to those of the first two embodiments and are therefore denoted by the same reference numerals.

Das Schutzelement 10 ist ebenfalls mehrlagig ausgebildet und weist eine als 2 mm dicke Stahlplatte ausgebildete Deckplatte 11 auf. Hinter der Deckplatte 11 ist eine erste Panzerungsplatte 13 mit Löchern 13.1 angeordnet, welche aus Panzerstahl gebildet ist und eine Dicke von 15 mm aufweist. Mit der Panzerungsplatte 13 verklebt ist eine erste Dämpfungsschicht 14, die aus 20 mm dickem Aluminiumschaum besteht. Hinter der Dämpfungsschicht 14 befindet sich eine mit dieser verklebte, zweite Panzerungsplatte 15, die als 5 mm dicke Panzerstahlplatte mit Löchern 15.1 ausgebildet ist. An die Lochplatte 15 anschließend ist eine zweite Deckplatte 12 vorgesehen, welche identisch zu der Deckplatte 11 ausgebildet ist und über Abstandshalter 3 mit der Grundpanzerung 2.1 des Fahrzeugs verbunden ist. Im Bereich zwischen der Deckplatte 12 und der Grundpanzerung 2.1 ist ferner eine aus Eisenschaum gebildete Dämpfungsschicht 16 mit einer Dicke von 20 mm vorgesehen. An dem Fahrzeug ist im Bereich hinter der Grundpanzerung 2.1 eine 10 mm dicke Panzerungsschicht 2.2 aus Aramid angeordnet, die als Liner ausgebildet sein kann.The protective element 10 is also multi-layered and has a cover plate 11 formed as a 2 mm thick steel plate. Behind the cover plate 11, a first armor plate 13 with holes 13.1 is arranged, which is formed of armored steel and has a thickness of 15 mm. Glued to the armor plate 13 is a first damping layer 14, which consists of 20 mm thick aluminum foam. Behind the damping layer 14 is a glued with this second armor plate 15, which is designed as a 5 mm thick armor steel plate with holes 15.1. To the perforated plate 15 then a second cover plate 12 is provided, which is identical to the cover plate 11 and is connected via spacers 3 to the base armor 2.1 of the vehicle. In the area between the cover plate 12 and the base armor 2.1 a damping layer 16 formed of iron foam is further provided with a thickness of 20 mm. Arranged on the vehicle in the area behind the base armor 2.1 is a 10 mm thick armor layer 2.2, which may be designed as a liner.

Wie der Fig. 4 weiter zu entnehmen, sind im Unterschied zu den vorhergehenden Ausführungsbeispielen die Löcher 13.1, 15.1 der beiden Panzerungsplatten 13, 15 zueinander versetzt angeordnet. Der Versatz der Löcher 13.1, 15.1 ist derart gewählt, dass ein Durchschuss durch die hintereinander angeordneten Panzerungsplatten 13, 15 auf gerader Trajektorie auch mit einem Geschoss 1 beliebig kleinen Kalibers nicht möglich ist.Again Fig. 4 can be seen, in contrast to the previous embodiments, the holes 13.1, 15.1 of the two armor plates 13, 15 are arranged offset to each other. The offset of the holes 13.1, 15.1 is selected such that a bullet through which arranged one behind the other Armor plates 13, 15 on a straight trajectory even with a projectile 1 arbitrarily small caliber is not possible.

Die vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele des Schutzelements 10 weisen eine Panzerungsplatte 13, 15 auf, welche als eine mehrere Löcher 13.1, 15.1 aufweisende Lochplatte ausgebildet ist, so dass das Gewicht des Schutzelements 10 verringert wird. Aufgrund der aufbrechenden, zerteilenden und ablenkenden Wirkung der Löcher 13.1, 15.1 kann ein Schutzelement 10 bereitgestellt werden, welches verbesserte Schutzeigenschaften gegen ballistische Bedrohungen aufweist.The exemplary embodiments of the protective element 10 described above have an armor plate 13, 15, which is designed as a perforated plate having a plurality of holes 13.1, 15.1, so that the weight of the protective element 10 is reduced. Due to the breaking, dividing and deflecting action of the holes 13.1, 15.1, a protective element 10 can be provided, which has improved protection against ballistic threats.

Durch den mehrschichtigen Aufbau des Schutzelements 10 kann ein Synergieeffekt hervorgerufen werden. Einige Schichten, wie z. B. die Lochplatten 13, 15, können aus einem sehr harten Material, welches Durchbrüche 13.1, 15.1 aufweist ausgebildet sein. Andere Schichten, wie beispielsweise die Dämpfungsschichten 14, 16 können aus einem dämpfenden Material gebildet sein. Das Schutzelement 10 kann daher polyvalent gegen Bedrohungen durch ballistische Geschosse 1 unterschiedlichen Kalibers eingesetzt werden. Insbesondere können mit dem Schutzelement 10 Geschosse 1, die durch ihre kinetische Energie wirken (KE-Geschosse), im Bereich kleiner, mittlerer und großer Kaliber abgewehrt werden. Ferner kann durch das Schutzelement 10 Schutz gegen EFP-Minen im Kaliber 155 mm ermöglicht werden.Due to the multilayer structure of the protective element 10, a synergy effect can be caused. Some layers, such as As the perforated plates 13, 15 may be formed from a very hard material, which openings 13.1, 15.1. Other layers, such as the damping layers 14, 16 may be formed of a damping material. The protective element 10 can therefore be used polyvalent against threats by ballistic projectiles 1 of different caliber. In particular, with the protective element 10 projectiles 1, which act by their kinetic energy (KE projectiles), are defended in the area of small, medium and large caliber. Furthermore, it can be made possible by the protective element 10 protection against EFP refills in caliber 155 mm.

Bezugszeichen: Reference number :

11
Geschossbullet
22
Fahrzeugvehicle
2.12.1
Grundpanzerungbasic armor
2.22.2
Panzerungsschichtarmor layer
33
Abstandshalterspacer
44
Dämpfungsschichtdamping layer
1010
Schutzelementprotection element
1111
Deckplattecover plate
1212
Deckplattecover plate
1313
Panzerungsplattearmor plate
13.113.1
Lochhole
1414
Dämpfungsschichtdamping layer
1515
Panzerungsplattearmor plate
15.115.1
Lochhole
1616
Dämpfungsschichtdamping layer
1717
GrundpanzerungsplatteBasic armor plate
AA
Abstanddistance
BB
Bedrohungsrichtungthreat direction
D, D1, D2D, D1, D2
Durchmesserdiameter
Ee
Abstanddistance
FF
Abstanddistance
L, L1, L2L, L1, L2
Lochrichtunghole direction
NN
Plattennormaleplate normal
WW
Lochwinkelhole angle
XX
Richtungdirection
YY
Richtungdirection

Claims (9)

  1. Protective element for protection against ballistic missiles (1), comprising a plurality of armour plates (13, 15) which are each formed as a perforated plate having a plurality of holes (13.1, 15.1), wherein the holes (13.1, 15.1) of the perforated plates have a different cross-sectional area, characterized in that a plurality of perforated plates (13, 15) have different thicknesses, wherein a perforated plate (13, 15) facing the threat posed by striking missiles (1) is designed to be thicker than a perforated plate (15) facing away from the threat and wherein the thicker plate (13.1) has larger holes than the thinner plate (15).
  2. Protective element according to Claim 1, characterized in that the holes (13.1, 15.1) of two perforated plates (13, 15) are arranged offset relative to one another.
  3. Protective element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the perforated plate (13, 15) is firmly connected, in particular glued, to a damping layer (14, 16) and/or a second perforated plate (13, 15).
  4. Protective element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a cover plate (11, 12) for covering the protective element (10).
  5. Protective element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holes (13.1, 15.1) extend in one direction (L) obliquely to the normal (N) to the plates.
  6. Protective element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a plurality of perforated plates (13, 15), of which the holes (13.1, 15.1) extend in different directions.
  7. Protective element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ratio of the thickness of two perforated plates (13, 15) is at least 2, preferably of at least 3, particularly preferably of at least 5.
  8. Protective element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holes (13.1, 15.1) are filled with a filling material differing from the material of the perforated plate (13.1, 15.1).
  9. Military vehicle having a protective element (10) according to one of the preceding claims.
EP16190363.8A 2012-01-24 2013-01-18 Protective element for protection against ballistic missiles, and military vehicle Active EP3128283B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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PL16190363T PL3128283T3 (en) 2012-01-24 2013-01-18 Protective element for protection against ballistic missiles, and military vehicle

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DE102012100573A DE102012100573A1 (en) 2012-01-24 2012-01-24 Protective element for protection against ballistic missiles and military vehicle
EP13708660.9A EP2807444B1 (en) 2012-01-24 2013-01-18 Protective element for protection against ballistic missiles, and military vehicle
PCT/DE2013/100016 WO2013110267A1 (en) 2012-01-24 2013-01-18 Protective element for protection against ballistic missiles, and military vehicle

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EP13708660.9A Division-Into EP2807444B1 (en) 2012-01-24 2013-01-18 Protective element for protection against ballistic missiles, and military vehicle

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EP3128283A1 EP3128283A1 (en) 2017-02-08
EP3128283B1 true EP3128283B1 (en) 2018-09-12

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CN104501660A (en) * 2015-01-04 2015-04-08 成都索伊新材料有限公司 Light composite bulletproof structure for armored vehicle
EP3235925A1 (en) * 2016-04-22 2017-10-25 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for producing a plating for protected vehicles
WO2020113328A1 (en) * 2018-12-04 2020-06-11 Global Metallix Canada Inc. A reinforced armor and a process for reinforcing an armor by composite layering
PL444066A1 (en) * 2023-03-10 2024-09-16 Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Górnośląski Instytut Technologiczny Method of making armor from perforated steel plates

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2807444B1 (en) 2016-11-30
WO2013110267A1 (en) 2013-08-01
PL3128283T3 (en) 2019-02-28
DE102012100573A1 (en) 2013-07-25
EP2807444A1 (en) 2014-12-03
PL2807444T3 (en) 2017-03-31
EP3128283A1 (en) 2017-02-08

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