EP1464915B2 - Mine protection device - Google Patents
Mine protection device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1464915B2 EP1464915B2 EP03007323.3A EP03007323A EP1464915B2 EP 1464915 B2 EP1464915 B2 EP 1464915B2 EP 03007323 A EP03007323 A EP 03007323A EP 1464915 B2 EP1464915 B2 EP 1464915B2
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mine protection
- protection arrangement
- arrangement according
- layer
- functional layer
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H7/00—Armoured or armed vehicles
- F41H7/02—Land vehicles with enclosing armour, e.g. tanks
- F41H7/04—Armour construction
- F41H7/042—Floors or base plates for increased land mine protection
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0442—Layered armour containing metal
Definitions
- the invention relates to a polyvalent mine protection arrangement according to claim 1.
- an armored vehicle such as a rifle or battle tank
- a pressure mine eg with an explosive charge in the range of 5 kg to 10 kg TNT equivalent
- a dynamic deflection or swinging of the vehicle floor takes place due to the blast effect in a period of about one millisecond.
- the amplitude is dependent on the explosive charge mass, the distance of the charge from the soil structure and the thickness of the vehicle floor or its mass.
- this dynamic deflection is usually on the order of 200 mm to 300 mm.
- the speed of the vehicle floor can reach peaks of more than 300 m / s.
- the dynamic deflection of the vehicle floor entails a corresponding dynamic deformation of the side walls, so that attached devices are torn from the brackets and uncontrollably fly through the interior.
- Technically optimal would therefore be a protective measure against such mine loads, which prevents the dynamic deflection of the vehicle floor and thus the load on the side walls or at least sufficiently limited.
- a composite armor for armored vehicles and especially for the vehicle floor which consists essentially of seven layers and five basic materials: an outer armor steel plate, a honeycomb structure, a thin steel foil, a ballistic protective layer of Kevlar, a second thin steel foil, Balsa wood and an inner armor steel plate.
- the honeycomb structure can be filled with materials that additionally enhance the absorption capacity against the blast effect.
- the balsa wood is compressed in the dynamic deflection of the composite structure due to the Blast Sign and thus creates a deformation space for the upstream ballistic Kevlar protective layer.
- a multilayered structure is also in the DE-OS 22 01 637 (Basis for claim 1), in which there is a composite of steel fiber fleece and polyurethane foam between two steel layers.
- the steel fibers can also be embedded in various other plastics or copolymers.
- FL mine flat-charge mine
- P-charge mine projectile-forming charges
- This insert consists for example of soft iron or other metallic materials that allow a pyrotechnic transformation to a projectile.
- FL mines or P-charge mines the ballistic loading of the vehicle floor is more pronounced locally than with pure blast mines. The load is determined primarily by the dimensions, the contour and the impact velocity of the projectile formed. Due to the very high projectile speed in the order of 1,800 m / s to more than 2,000 m / s fail conventional threats in such threats, which were designed only against the blast threat.
- U.S. Patent No. 5,905,225 a mine protection arrangement with a layer structure, which should be effective in particular against projectile-forming mines.
- this document shows a typical Composite armor with two steel sheets, between which an absorption layer is arranged.
- This intermediate layer is formed of a brittle material, such as glass or ceramic, which is known to have high efficiency in energy absorption of projectiles by dissipation.
- this layer structure is arranged at a great distance from the vehicle floor to be protected.
- a polyvalent mine protection must basically combine two properties: the energy caused by blast waves or impulse transmission into the vehicle structure as far as possible, i. Compensate structurally and intercept the breakdown capability of a projectile formed from the P-charge insert.
- mine protection it can be assumed that both the law of conservation of energy and the law of conservation of momentum remain valid.
- an efficient mine protection must thus have a dynamic structural behavior that is superior to the homogeneous plate and at the same time reduce the end-ballistic impact performance in comparison with armor steel.
- relatively high mass factors (quotient of the penetrated equivalent armor steel mass to the penetrated mass of the considered target) of the order of magnitude of 2 have been achieved in recent years in the defense of KE penetrators, but only limited to the end ballistic performance of projectile-forming mines can be transmitted.
- the target-side drag should be maintained as long as possible in order to optimize the energy-absorbing effect and to extend the momentum transfer time. And all this under the condition of the least possible dynamic as well as plastic bulge on the inside of the vehicle to be protected.
- the latter requirement therefore also requires, in addition to the physical / technical processes described above, a high protective effect on the back side or structural strength.
- the present invention implements these considerations in a particularly technically effective manner by assigning the individual protection criteria described above basically three levels of action or functional layers which are optimally adapted to the respective technical specifications.
- the active components of the mine in principle the largest possible mass either preclude a corresponding density or a sufficient thickness of the initially applied material layer.
- the dynamic connection of the following masses or layers is to be considered, which usually takes place with the corresponding wave propagation speed of the materials involved.
- a key role in the transmission of stress by means of shock waves is played here by the so-called acoustic impedance, the product ⁇ ⁇ c, with ⁇ as the density of the materials involved and c as the sound propagation velocity.
- the quotient ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ c 1 / ⁇ 2 ⁇ c 2 ) provides information about the proportion of energy passed on or reflected between two layers 1 and 2.
- the speed can be approximately halved, for example from 2,000 m / s to 1,000 m / s.
- the thickness ratio of the first functional layer / impacting mortar should be greater than 1, ie preferably between 1 and 3 due to vehicle-specific specifications.
- Plastic work can be achieved either by a homogeneous component, e.g. a thick plate with sufficient dynamic plastic behavior, be made or by constructive measures. These processes are assigned to the central second functional layer. In it, the projectile that has been redesigned by the upstream first functional layer is intercepted, thereby dissipating the introduced energy or distributing the pulse over time. In this way, the subsequent support level (third functional layer) - possibly in conjunction with the vehicle floor - record the remaining deformation energy.
- a homogeneous component e.g. a thick plate with sufficient dynamic plastic behavior
- the polyvalent mine protection arrangement according to the invention can be connected to the vehicle stationarily, as a so-called integrated solution. Alternatively, it can also be designed as an adaptable mine protection, which is attached to a vehicle only when needed. This offers the advantage that the vehicle and mine protection arrangement can be treated logistically separately and the vehicles are equipped with the mine protection arrangement only when used in an area endangered by mines.
- Such a modular, adaptive design also allows a short-term adaptation to changing requirements or new technical developments.
- the mine protection according to the invention may also consist of a mixed arrangement, i. an externally adapted and at the same time integrated into the inner vehicle structure arrangement exist to meet the circumstances of a given vehicle design or possibly necessary retrofitting measures on existing vehicles to a particular extent.
- FIG. 1 shows a greatly simplified construction of mine protection with the corresponding threats. Shown is a vehicle floor 1 as an example of the threat of the mines facing wall of an object to be protected, with an upstream mine protection arrangement 2. This is acted upon by the blast shaft 5 and / or the P-charge projectile 6, which from below a surface (floor) 3 P-charge or blast threat 4 caused.
- the arrows 7 and 8 symbolize the spread of the threat 5 and 6, respectively.
- the mine protection arrangement according to the invention against both threat types blast and P-charge mine is shown in its basic structure.
- the first functional layer 9 on the load side, ie the outer and thus the mine facing wall of the mine protection arrangement 2 consists for example of a steel sheet.
- This first functional layer 9 is to be selected at least as required by the system specifications for the vehicle floor, for example against stone chipping or abrasion. Sufficient for this would be wall thicknesses of 4 mm to 6 mm armor steel with a hardness of 400 to 500 HB.
- the first functional layer fulfills a speed reduction function which is important for the protective effect of the entire mine protection arrangement (see the above comments). Of course, other high-strength materials come into question for this purpose.
- the first functional layer 9 should consist of a steel armor plate or a high-strength metal alloy with a thickness of at least the steel-equivalent thickness of the insert of the projectile-forming lead 4, preferably from 4 mm to 12 mm.
- FIG. 3 the mode of action of a central second functional layer 10 and of the first and third functional layers 9 and 11 enclosing it (in conjunction with the vehicle floor 1) is illustrated in the event of a threat by means of a P-charge projectile.
- the plate portion 15 of serving as erosion or abrasion layer first functional layer 9 on the part of the projectile 6 by the means of the symbolized movement arrow 8 (FIG. Fig. 2 ) and at the same time radially expanded (symbolized by the arrows 8A).
- a pressure field (arrows 8B) propagates in the second functional layer 10, which passes on the energy to the radial environment and the subsequent third functional layer 11 (less the energy fraction consumed in the second functional layer 10 at the time considered).
- the arrows 16 symbolize the dynamic / mechanical counterforce of the third functional layer 11, possibly reinforced by the supporting force of the bottom 1.
- the layers 12, 13 between the functional layers 9, 10 and 11 may also be formed as slip planes 12A, 13A.
- slip planes or sliding layers are realized either by simply juxtaposing the planes or by means of introduced, a slip-supporting substances.
- This second functional layer 10 consists of a material which remains plastically free-flowing or mechanically erosion-capable under high dynamic load, ie has optimum end-ballistic protection-performance properties.
- Such materials may be, for example, metals or metal alloys. But they can also be formed by olefins, oils, fats or wax. Due to the described property of this second functional layer 10 and its relatively low density, thermoplastics, elastomers (for example nylon, PC, PE, PP, Teflon, rubber or polymers) or amorphous substances such as e.g. Glass in question.
- energy can be dissipated in the target after projectile loading or deceleration by means of decomposition or delamination (cf however, the above remark regarding the dynamic hardness of such substances).
- the second functional layer 10 In principle, metallic layers of aluminum or magnesium alloys, soft iron, copper up to tantalum are also suitable for the second functional layer 10. Cast materials can also be interesting for the second functional layer 10 due to their special properties with regard to damping and sliding behavior. To complete, it should also be mentioned that the second functional layer 10 also has a multilayer structure and is also suitable for e.g. can be formed from a combination of the materials listed above.
- a surface connecting layer 12 may be located between the first and the second functional layer 9 and 10. This is able both to connect the functional layers in such a way that, during the dynamic deflection, these functional layers remain connected to one another, as well as to provide for attenuation of the blast effect according to the above statements and to suppress the punching effect of the projectile.
- a rubber layer 12 has proven to be advantageous with regard to the adhesion during the application of mines, wherein the connection of the individual functional layers (here 9 and 10) takes place by vulcanization of a special CR rubber.
- connection layer 12 By means of this surface bonding layer 12, large lateral tensile forces, which arise as a result of the deflection of the individual functional layers, can be absorbed at high dynamic load and thus dynamically switched on laterally to the target mass.
- polymeric materials as the tie layer 12 due to their diverse formulation properties, allow a high degree of adaptability to the particular structure.
- other plastics such as thermoplastics are also suitable for this bonding layer 12. It is also conceivable to manufacture the connection layer 12 from thin metallic or non-metallic layers / foils which have a particularly favorable impedance behavior.
- the second functional layer 10 thus primarily fulfills the task of preventing the puncturing or puncturing of the mine protection by the FL projectile and to increase the loaded area as far as possible. Due to its flowability, it distributes, in particular under high-dynamic load, i. in the velocity range of the P-cargo projectile including accelerated target mass of 1,000 m / s to 500 m / s, the load on an even larger area. This is associated with a further reduction of the penetration rate.
- a third functional layer 11 serving as a supporting layer or further energy compensating layer is arranged (see above explanations).
- the third functional layer is preferably formed from armor steel or high-strength metal alloys and represents the vehicle-side completion of the mine protection arrangement according to the invention.
- connection layer 13 may be arranged, which performs a similar function as the connection layer 12. This would be necessary, for example, if the mine protection arrangement is to be produced as an adapted sandwich (connecting layer to the subsequent third functional layer 11). Under certain circumstances, it may prove to be expedient to carry out the two and optionally further tension-surface connecting layers 12, 13 with different materials and wall thicknesses, depending on whether the greater role is assigned to the damping or the force transmission in the respective connecting layer. Furthermore, the interconnect layers 12A and 13A may alternatively be formed from materials having good slip properties to aid dissipation in the functional layer.
- Determining the performance of a polyvalent design of the mine guard assembly is the necessary steel equivalent mass due to the imposed load (e.g., 8 kg of TNT equivalent). In this mass, the vehicle-side predetermined soil structure 1 may be at least partially contained.
- mine protection arrangements 2 of the construction according to the invention it was possible for mine protection arrangements 2 of the construction according to the invention to show clear advantages over the mine protection arrangements which had been used up until now and which were still under development.
- both threats with comparable dynamic values for deflection and movement of the vehicle floor could be averted by a factor of 1.5 to 1.8 lower overall protection masses compared to a pure steel solution.
- FIG. 4 shows in addition to FIG. 2 a section through an adapted to the vehicle floor 1 mine protection arrangement 2.
- the connection surface 14 between the mine protection arrangement and the vehicle floor 1 can be a lateral forces transmitting layer or represent a pure interface between mine protection arrangement and vehicle floor.
- functional layers 9-11 are arranged in this case in front of the vehicle floor 1.
- Such an adapted layer structure may be firmly connected to the vehicle floor 1 or fixed on site by simple mechanical center.
- FIG. 4 described adapted arrangement also by an adapted / integrated arrangement ( FIG. 5 ) are replaced, in which a part of the functional layers behind the load side, ie behind the outer vehicle floor 1 in the interior of the vehicle (integrated) and the remaining part of the functional layers outside the bottom of the vehicle 1 (adapted) are mounted.
- at least the first functional layer (abrasion layer) 9, the connecting layer (damping) 12 and the second functional layer 10 should be mounted outside the vehicle floor 1 and the third functional layer (energy compensation layer 11) should be located downstream of the vehicle floor 1.
- the third functional layer energy compensation layer 11
- FIG. 6 represents the vehicle floor 1, both the support and the energy compensation level, so that the third functional layer 11 can be omitted.
- the first functional layer is divided into an outer abrasion layer 9A and a subsequent inner pre-bulkhead 9B.
- Such an arrangement can serve to improve the co-acceleration of structural elements by preventing early punching.
- This Auf Equipmentsform a mine protection arrangement is not the subject of the present invention and is only for a better understanding of the invention.
- FIG. 7 shows finally a section through a split mine protection arrangement 2, in which between the vehicle floor 1 and the third functional layer (energy compensation layer) 11 is a gap 17 as an example of a general intermediate layer, which receives or allows dynamic buckling of the third functional layer 11.
- This example is representative of vehicle-related specifications.
- Such intermediate spaces 17 are to be planned in such a way that the described overall function of the mine protection arrangement according to the present invention is not severely disturbed. If necessary, constructive additional measures must be taken here.
- the surface constructed from the mine protection arrangement of the invention may be designed in one or more parts.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine polyvalente Minenschutzanordnung nach dem Patentanspruch 1.The invention relates to a polyvalent mine protection arrangement according to
Der Schutz von gepanzerten Fahrzeugen und insbesondere deren Insassen sowohl gegen Blast- als auch gegen projektilbildende Minen gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung, da insbesondere beim Einsatz in Krisengebieten mit Panzerminen gerechnet werden muss. Es ist daher anzustreben, möglichst auch leichtere Fahrzeug-Gewichtsklassen so effizient wie möglich gegen Minenbedrohungen zu schützen. Dies gilt nicht nur für die Entwicklung neuer Fahrzeuge, sondern auch für die Nachrüstung bereits eingeführter Systeme.The protection of armored vehicles and in particular their occupants against both blast and projectile-forming mines is increasingly gaining in importance, particularly as tank mines have to be expected when deployed in crisis areas. It is therefore desirable to protect even lighter vehicle weight classes as efficiently as possible against mine threats. This applies not only to the development of new vehicles, but also to the retrofitting of already introduced systems.
Bei der Wirkung durch eine Minenexplosion sind vorrangig zwei Kriterien zu beachten: zum einen die Blast- oder Druckwelle durch die Detonation des Sprengstoffs und zum anderen die Durchschlagsleistung des bei Flachladungsminen gebildeten Projektils. Weiterhin existieren Hohlladungsminen, wie beispielsweise die deutsche Mine AT II, deren Durchschlagsleistung so hoch ist, dass der Fahrzeugboden einschließlich eines eventuell aufgebrachten Minenschutzes durchschlagen wird. Daher sollte ein guter Minenschutz gleichzeitig dazu geeignet sein, beim Durchdringen des Minenschutzes durch den HL-Strahl einen geringen Splitterkegel zu bewirken bzw. den Splitterkegel im Bereich des Fahrzeuginnenraums einzugrenzen.In the effect of a mine explosion, two criteria are to be considered primarily: on the one hand the blast or pressure wave due to the detonation of the explosive and on the other hand the breakdown power of the projectile formed in flat-charge mines. Furthermore, there are shaped charge mines, such as the German mine AT II, whose penetration capacity is so high that the vehicle floor is penetrated including any possibly applied mine protection. Therefore, a good mine protection should be at the same time to be able to cause a small splinter cone when penetrating the mine protection by the HL-beam or to limit the splinter cone in the area of the vehicle interior.
Bei der Ansprengung des Bodenbereichs eines gepanzerten Fahrzeugs, wie beispielsweise eines Schützen- oder Kampfpanzers, mit einer Druckmine (z.B. mit einer Sprengladung im Bereich von 5 kg bis 10 kg TNT-Äquivalent) erfolgt aufgrund der Blastwirkung eine dynamische Durchbiegung bzw. ein Durchschwingen des Fahrzeugbodens in einer Zeitspanne von etwa einer Millisekunde. Die Amplitude ist dabei von der Sprengladungsmasse, dem Abstand der Ladung von der Bodenstruktur und der Dicke des Fahrzeugbodens bzw. seiner Masse abhängig. Bei gepanzerten Fahrzeugen liegt diese dynamische Durchbiegung üblicherweise in der Größenordnung von 200 mm bis 300 mm. Dabei kann die Geschwindigkeit des durchschwingenden Fahrzeugbodens Spitzenwerte von über 300 m/s erreichen. Weiterhin zieht die dynamische Durchbiegung des Fahrzeugbodens eine entsprechende dynamische Deformation der Seitenwände nach sich, sodass daran befestigte Geräte aus den Halterungen gerissen werden und unkontrolliert durch den Innenraum fliegen. Technisch optimal wäre daher eine Schutzmaßnahme gegen derartige Minenbelastungen, welche die dynamische Durchbiegung des Fahrzeugbodens und damit auch die Belastung der Seitenwände verhindert oder zumindest ausreichend stark begrenzt.When the ground area of an armored vehicle, such as a rifle or battle tank, with a pressure mine (eg with an explosive charge in the range of 5 kg to 10 kg TNT equivalent), a dynamic deflection or swinging of the vehicle floor takes place due to the blast effect in a period of about one millisecond. The amplitude is dependent on the explosive charge mass, the distance of the charge from the soil structure and the thickness of the vehicle floor or its mass. In armored vehicles, this dynamic deflection is usually on the order of 200 mm to 300 mm. At the same time, the speed of the vehicle floor can reach peaks of more than 300 m / s. Furthermore, the dynamic deflection of the vehicle floor entails a corresponding dynamic deformation of the side walls, so that attached devices are torn from the brackets and uncontrollably fly through the interior. Technically optimal would therefore be a protective measure against such mine loads, which prevents the dynamic deflection of the vehicle floor and thus the load on the side walls or at least sufficiently limited.
In der
In der
Durch die
Ein mehrschichtiger Aufbau ist auch in der
Als Stand der Technik ist somit davon auszugehen, dass Sandwichaufbauten aus unterschiedlichsten Materialien und in einer Vielzahl von Anordnungen bekannt sind. Allerdings beziehen sich diese Anordnungen allein auf die Aufgabenstellung, die Bedrohung durch eine Blastmine abzuwehren bzw. deren Wirkung auf das gepanzerte Fahrzeug zu minimieren.As a prior art, it can thus be assumed that sandwich structures made of a very wide variety of materials and in a large number of arrangements are known. However, these arrangements relate solely to the task of averting the threat of a blast mine or to minimize their impact on the armored vehicle.
Demgegenüber beruht die Wirkung einer ebenfalls weit verbreiteten Art von Minen, der so genannten Flachladungsmine (FL-Mine) oder Minen aus projektilbildenden Ladungen (P-Ladungsmine) in erster Linie auf der hohen Durchschlagsleistung eines sprenggeformten Projektils, welches sich bei der Detonation einer Mine aus der Mineneinlage bildet. Diese Einlage besteht beispielsweise aus Weicheisen oder anderen metallischen Werkstoffen, die eine pyrotechnische Umformung zu einem Projektil gestatten. Bei derartigen FL-Minen oder P-Ladungsminen ist die ballistische Beaufschlagung des Fahrzeugbodens lokal ausgeprägter als bei reinen Blastminen. Die Belastung wird dabei in erster Linie von den Abmessungen, der Kontur und der Auftreffgeschwindigkeit des gebildeten Projektils bestimmt. Aufgrund der sehr hohen Projektilgeschwindigkeit in der Größenordnung von 1.800 m/s bis über 2.000 m/s versagen bei derartigen Bedrohungen herkömmliche Minenschutzanordnungen, die nur gegen die Blastbedrohung konzipiert wurden.In contrast, the effect of a likewise widespread type of mine, the so-called flat-charge mine (FL mine) or mines from projectile-forming charges (P-charge mine) based primarily on the high breakdown power of a blast-formed projectile, resulting in the detonation of a mine the mine deposit forms. This insert consists for example of soft iron or other metallic materials that allow a pyrotechnic transformation to a projectile. In such FL mines or P-charge mines, the ballistic loading of the vehicle floor is more pronounced locally than with pure blast mines. The load is determined primarily by the dimensions, the contour and the impact velocity of the projectile formed. Due to the very high projectile speed in the order of 1,800 m / s to more than 2,000 m / s fail conventional threats in such threats, which were designed only against the blast threat.
Weiter offenbart das
Ausgehend von dem geschilderten Stand der Technik ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine polyvalente Minenschutzanordnung dergestalt zu schaffen, dass die Bedrohung durch Panzerabwehrminen sowohl mit Blast- als auch Projektilwirkung nicht nur weitgehend kompensiert wird, sondern dass auch die verformte Zielfläche möglichst gering ist und sowohl die dynamische Durchbiegung als auch die bleibende Beule minimiert werden.Based on the described prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a polyvalent mine protection arrangement such that the threat of anti-tank mines is not only largely compensated with blast and projectile effect, but that the deformed target area is minimized and both the Dynamic deflection as well as the permanent bulge are minimized.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Minenschutzanordnung mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved by a mine protection arrangement having the features of
Bei der Entwicklung der erfindungsgemäßen Minenschutzanordnung ist der Erfinder von den folgenden Überlegungen ausgegangen.In the development of the mine protection arrangement according to the invention, the inventor has proceeded from the following considerations.
Ein polyvalenter Minenschutz muss grundsätzlich zwei Eigenschaften vereinen: die durch Blastwellen verursachte Energie bzw. Impulsübertragung in die Fahrzeugstruktur möglichst weitgehend, d.h. strukturverträglich zu kompensieren und die Durchschlagsfähigkeit eines aus der P-Ladungseinlage gebildeten Projektils abzufangen. Dabei ist natürlich auch beim Minenschutz davon auszugehen, dass sowohl der Energieerhaltungssatz als auch der Impulserhaltungssatz gültig bleiben.A polyvalent mine protection must basically combine two properties: the energy caused by blast waves or impulse transmission into the vehicle structure as far as possible, i. Compensate structurally and intercept the breakdown capability of a projectile formed from the P-charge insert. Of course, in mine protection as well, it can be assumed that both the law of conservation of energy and the law of conservation of momentum remain valid.
Obige Forderungen sind grundsätzlich mit homogenen Platten mit ideal elastischplastischem Verhalten zu erfüllen, d.h. einer wachsenden Minenbedrohung müsste lediglich eine zunehmende Plattendicke (Masse) bzw. Strukturfestigkeit gegenüberstehen. Der Mangel an sich ideal verhaltenden Werkstoffen und die begrenzte Bereitstellung von Masse bei eingeschränkter Bautiefe seitens des zu schützenden Fahrzeugs bedingen technisch/physikalisch leistungsfähigere Lösungen, die insbesondere beim polyvalenten Minenschutz aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Bedrohungsarten die Beherrschung komplexer endballistischer Zusammenhänge voraussetzen. Hierbei muss auch beachtet werden, dass bei homogenen Blechen die scheibenartige Belastung seitens P-Ladungen zu sogenannten Stanzdurchschlägen führt, die nicht nur einen energetisch günstigen Panzerdurchschlag zulassen, sondern grundsätzlich auch mit sehr großen Streuungen verbunden sind. Damit wäre der eigentlich benötigten Dicke noch eine Sicherheitsmasse nachzuschalten. Da die Eindringtiefe bzw. Durchschlagstiefe mit der Auftreffenergie der Bedrohung mindestens linear ansteigt, scheiden homogene Lösungen entsprechend den obigen Überlegungen aus. Gleichzeitig ist auch die Bandbreite möglicher Bedrohungen beliebig groß. Ein polyvalenter Minenschutz muss daher auch weitgehend unabhängig von einzelnen bedrohungsspezifischen Parametern sein. Nicht zuletzt muss ein derartiger Minenschutz auch finanzierbar, d.h. allgemein und möglichst systemunabhängig einsetzbar sein.The above requirements are to be met in principle with homogeneous plates with ideal elastic plastic behavior, i. A growing mine threat would only have to be offset by increasing board thickness (mass) or structural strength. The lack of ideally behaving materials and the limited provision of mass with limited depth by the vehicle to be protected require technically / physically powerful solutions that require the mastery of complex end ballistic relationships especially in polyvalent mine protection due to the different types of threats. It should also be noted that with homogeneous sheets, the disk-like loading of P-charges leads to so-called punch punctures, which not only allow an energy-efficient armored breakdown, but are in principle also associated with very large variations. Thus, the actually required thickness would be nachzuschalten a security mass. Since the penetration or depth of penetration increases at least linearly with the impact energy of the threat, homogeneous solutions precipitate in accordance with the above considerations. At the same time, the bandwidth of potential threats is arbitrarily large. Therefore, polyvalent mine protection must be largely independent of individual threat-specific parameters. Last but not least, such mine protection must also be affordable, i. be used universally and as system-independent as possible.
Aufgrund der Massen- und Dickenbegrenzung muss ein leistungsfähiger Minenschutz also ein der homogenen Platte überlegenes dynamisches Strukturverhalten aufweisen und gleichzeitig die endballistische Durchschlagsleistung im Vergleich zu Panzerstahl vermindern. Zwar sind in den letzten Jahren bei der Abwehr von KE-Penetratoren relativ hohe Massefaktoren (Quotient der durchschlagenen äquivalenten Panzerstahl-Masse zur durchschlagenen Masse des betrachteten Ziels) in der Größenordnung von 2 erzielt worden, die jedoch nur eingeschränkt auf die endballistische Leistung von projektilbildenden Minen übertragen werden können. Auf der anderen Seite handelt es sich hier um extrem kurze (scheibenartige) Penetratoren, die insbesondere aufgrund ihrer hohen Auftreffgeschwindigkeit großflächige dynamische Spitzenbelastungen erzeugen. Es gilt also, dem auftreffenden P-Ladungsprojektil Geschwindigkeit zu entziehen und gleichzeitig die beaufschlagte Fläche möglichst rasch zu vergrößern. Weiterhin sollte die zielseitige Gegenkraft möglichst lange aufrechterhalten bleiben, um die energieabsorbierende Wirkung zu optimieren und um die Impulsübertragung zeitlich zu strecken. Und dies alles unter der Voraussetzung einer möglichst geringen dynamischen als auch plastischen Beule auf der Innenseite des zu schützenden Fahrzeugs. Letztere Forderung setzt also zusätzlich zu den oben beschriebenen physikalisch/technischen Vorgängen auch noch eine hohe rückseitige Schutzwirkung bzw. Strukturfestigkeit voraus.Due to the mass and thickness limitation, an efficient mine protection must thus have a dynamic structural behavior that is superior to the homogeneous plate and at the same time reduce the end-ballistic impact performance in comparison with armor steel. Although relatively high mass factors (quotient of the penetrated equivalent armor steel mass to the penetrated mass of the considered target) of the order of magnitude of 2 have been achieved in recent years in the defense of KE penetrators, but only limited to the end ballistic performance of projectile-forming mines can be transmitted. On the other hand, these are extremely short (disc-like) penetrators, which generate large-area dynamic peak loads, in particular because of their high impact velocity. It is therefore important to escape speed from the impinging P-charge projectile and, at the same time, increase the applied area as quickly as possible. Furthermore, the target-side drag should be maintained as long as possible in order to optimize the energy-absorbing effect and to extend the momentum transfer time. And all this under the condition of the least possible dynamic as well as plastic bulge on the inside of the vehicle to be protected. The latter requirement therefore also requires, in addition to the physical / technical processes described above, a high protective effect on the back side or structural strength.
Damit sind die beim Aufbau eines polyvalenten Minenschutzes zu berücksichtigenden Kriterien definiert. Die vorliegende Erfindung setzt diese Überlegungen in technisch besonders wirkungsvoller Weise um, indem sie den einzelnen, oben beschriebenen Schutzkriterien grundsätzlich drei Wirkungsebenen bzw. Funktionsschichten zuweist, die den jeweiligen technischen Vorgaben optimal anzupassen sind.This defines the criteria to be taken into account when setting up polyvalent mine protection. The present invention implements these considerations in a particularly technically effective manner by assigning the individual protection criteria described above basically three levels of action or functional layers which are optimally adapted to the respective technical specifications.
Bei der Belastung eines Fahrzeugbodens durch den Blast einer Sprengladung oder durch das Projektil einer Flachladungsmine sind, wie oben dargelegt, die Massenträgheit der primär belasteten oder dynamisch zugeschalteten Strukturteile, die Fortpflanzung der Stoß- bzw. Schockbelastung, das plastische Arbeitsvermögen der einzelnen Schutzkomponenten, der Arbeitsweg (die Durchbiegung) des Fahrzeugbodens aufgrund der hohen Dynamik der Bewegung und die bleibende plastische Deformation die bestimmenden Parameter.When loading a vehicle floor by the blast of an explosive charge or by the projectile of a flat charge mine, as stated above, the inertia of the primary loaded or dynamically switched structural parts, the propagation of the shock or shock load, the plastic working capacity of the individual protection components, the work path (The deflection) of the vehicle floor due to the high dynamics of the movement and the permanent plastic deformation the determining parameters.
Nach den obigen Überlegungen sollte bei der Einleitung der dynamischen Belastung bzw. unmittelbar nach dem Impact sowohl bei Blast- als auch bei P-Ladungsminen den Wirkkomponenten der Mine (dem auftreffenden Teller bei P-Ladungsminen) grundsätzlich eine möglichst große Masse entweder über eine entsprechende Dichte oder eine ausreichende Dicke der zunächst beaufschlagten Materialschicht entgegenstehen.According to the above considerations, at the initiation of the dynamic load or immediately after the impact both at blast and P charge mines the active components of the mine (the impinging plate at P-charge mines) in principle the largest possible mass either preclude a corresponding density or a sufficient thickness of the initially applied material layer.
Weiterhin ist die dynamische Zuschaltung der nachfolgenden Massen bzw. Schichten zu beachten, die in der Regel mit der entsprechenden Wellenausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit der beteiligten Materialien erfolgt. Eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Übertragung der Belastung mittels Stoßwellen spielt hierbei die so genannte akustische Impedanz, das Produkt ρ × c, mit ρ als Dichte der beteiligten Werkstoffe und c als Schallausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit. Dabei liefert der Quotient (ρ1×c1 / ρ2×c2) eine Aussage über den zwischen zwei Schichten 1 und 2 weitergegebenen bzw. reflektierten Energieanteil.Furthermore, the dynamic connection of the following masses or layers is to be considered, which usually takes place with the corresponding wave propagation speed of the materials involved. A key role in the transmission of stress by means of shock waves is played here by the so-called acoustic impedance, the product ρ × c, with ρ as the density of the materials involved and c as the sound propagation velocity. In this case, the quotient (ρ 1 × c 1 / ρ 2 × c 2 ) provides information about the proportion of energy passed on or reflected between two
Nach dem Impulserhaltungssatz kann also bei einem Minenteller aus Stahl mit einer bestimmten Dicke mittels einer Abriebschicht (erste Funktionsschicht bzw. vorderstes Minenschutzblech) aus Stahl mit gleicher Dicke die Geschwindigkeit in etwa halbiert werden, beispielsweise von 2.000 m/s auf 1.000 m/s. Da die Durchdringungsvorgänge zeitlich zu strecken und eine möglichst große Flächenmasse dynamisch zuzuschalten sind, sollte das Dickenverhältnis erste Funktionsschicht / auftreffender Minenteller jedoch größer als 1 sein, also aufgrund fahrzeugspezifischer Vorgaben möglichst zwischen 1 und 3 liegen. Damit wird die Geschwindigkeit des nun aus dem auftreffenden Minenprojektil und der mitbeschleunigten Masse der ersten Funktionsschicht gebildeten Gesamtprojektils im gleichen Verhältnis herabgesetzt.Thus, according to the law of conservation of momentum, in the case of a steel plate with a certain thickness by means of an abrasion layer (first functional layer or front mine protection plate) made of steel of the same thickness, the speed can be approximately halved, for example from 2,000 m / s to 1,000 m / s. However, since the penetration processes are to be extended in time and the largest possible basis weight is to be switched on dynamically, the thickness ratio of the first functional layer / impacting mortar should be greater than 1, ie preferably between 1 and 3 due to vehicle-specific specifications. Thus, the speed of the projectile now formed from the impacting mine projectile and mitbeschleunigten mass of the first functional layer in the same ratio is reduced.
Plastische Arbeit (innere Reibung) kann entweder durch eine homogene Komponente, z.B. eine dicke Platte mit ausreichend dynamisch-plastischem Verhalten, geleistet werden oder mittels konstruktiver Maßnahmen. Diese Vorgänge werden der zentralen zweiten Funktionsschicht zugeordnet. In ihr wird das von der vorgeschalteten ersten Funktionsschicht umgestaltete Projektil abgefangen und dabei die eingeleitete Energie dissipiert bzw. der Impuls zeitlich verteilt. Auf diese Weise kann die nachfolgende Stützebene (dritte Funktionsschicht) - unter Umständen in Verbindung mit dem Fahrzeugboden - die noch vorhandene Verformungsenergie aufnehmen.Plastic work (internal friction) can be achieved either by a homogeneous component, e.g. a thick plate with sufficient dynamic plastic behavior, be made or by constructive measures. These processes are assigned to the central second functional layer. In it, the projectile that has been redesigned by the upstream first functional layer is intercepted, thereby dissipating the introduced energy or distributing the pulse over time. In this way, the subsequent support level (third functional layer) - possibly in conjunction with the vehicle floor - record the remaining deformation energy.
Beim Abfangweg bzw. der belasteten Zieltiefe spielen die Zeit und der masseminimierte, d.h. kräfteoptimierte Einsatz der beteiligten Werkstoffe die entscheidende Rolle. Deshalb werden im Minenschutz häufig faserverstärkte Materialien insbesondere gegen P-Ladungsminen verwendet. Dabei gilt es aber zu berücksichtigen, dass sich derartige Stoffe ebenso wie polymere Materialien bei hohen Belastungsgeschwindigkeiten dynamisch sehr hart verhalten können. Dynamisch harte Stoffe erfahren in der Regel eine großflächigere Zerstörung als etwa homogene Bleche aus Panzerstahl (vgl. jedoch obige Bemerkungen zu homogenen Minenschutzaufbauten).At the intercept distance, the time and mass minimized, i. Power-optimized use of the materials involved plays the decisive role. Therefore, in mine protection often fiber reinforced materials are used in particular against P-charge mines. However, it should be borne in mind that such materials as well as polymeric materials can behave very dynamically at high load speeds. Dynamically hard substances usually undergo more extensive destruction than, for example, homogeneous sheet steel made of armor steel (see, however, the comments above on homogeneous mine protection structures).
Die erfindungsgemäße polyvalente Minenschutzanordnung kann mit dem Fahrzeug stationär, als sogenannte integrierte Lösung, verbunden sein. Alternativ kann sie auch als adaptierbarer Minenschutz ausgebildet sein, der erst bei Bedarf an einem Fahrzeug befestigt wird. Dies bietet den Vorteil, dass Fahrzeug und Minenschutzanordnung logistisch getrennt behandelt werden können und die Fahrzeuge erst beim Einsatz in einem durch Minen gefährdeten Gebiet mit der Minenschutzanordnung ausgerüstet werden. Eine derartige modulare, adaptive Bauweise ermöglicht zudem eine kurzfristige Anpassung bei sich ändernden Anforderungen oder technischen Neuentwicklungen. Der erfindungsgemäße Minenschutz kann aber auch aus einer gemischten Anordnung, d.h. einer außen adaptierten und gleichzeitig in die innere Fahrzeugstruktur integrierten Anordnung bestehen, um in besonderem Maße den Gegebenheiten einer vorgegebenen Fahrzeugkonstruktion oder evtl. erforderlichen Nachrüstmaßnahmen an existierenden Fahrzeugen gerecht zu werden.The polyvalent mine protection arrangement according to the invention can be connected to the vehicle stationarily, as a so-called integrated solution. Alternatively, it can also be designed as an adaptable mine protection, which is attached to a vehicle only when needed. This offers the advantage that the vehicle and mine protection arrangement can be treated logistically separately and the vehicles are equipped with the mine protection arrangement only when used in an area endangered by mines. Such a modular, adaptive design also allows a short-term adaptation to changing requirements or new technical developments. However, the mine protection according to the invention may also consist of a mixed arrangement, i. an externally adapted and at the same time integrated into the inner vehicle structure arrangement exist to meet the circumstances of a given vehicle design or possibly necessary retrofitting measures on existing vehicles to a particular extent.
Weitere Einzelheiten sind in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung der Zeichnungen enthalten, die Beispiele der Erfindung darstellen. Die Figuren zeigen nur die wesentlichen Merkmale der Erfindung. Sie sind deshalb in stark vereinfachter Form gezeichnet. Es zeigen:
Figur 1- einen schematisierten Gesamtüberblick;
Figur 2- einen Schnitt durch eine grundsätzliche Minenschutzanordnung gemäß der Erfindung;
Figur 3- die Funktionsweise der polyvalenten Minenschutzanordnung;
Figur 4- einen Schnitt durch eine Minenschutzanordnung als adaptierte Anordnung;
- Figur
- 5 einen Schnitt durch eine Minenschutzanordnung als integriert/adaptierte Anordnung;
Figur 6- einen Schnitt durch eine Minenschutzanordnung mit dem Fahrzeugwannenboden als dritter Funktionsschicht;
Figur 7- einen Schnitt durch eine aufgespaltete Minenschutzanordnung.
- FIG. 1
- a schematic overview;
- FIG. 2
- a section through a basic mine protection arrangement according to the invention;
- FIG. 3
- the operation of the polyvalent mine protection system;
- FIG. 4
- a section through a mine protection arrangement as an adapted arrangement;
- figure
- 5 shows a section through a mine protection arrangement as integrated / adapted arrangement;
- FIG. 6
- a section through a mine protection arrangement with the vehicle tub bottom as a third functional layer;
- FIG. 7
- a section through a split mine protection arrangement.
In
In
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung eines Minenschutzaufbaus entsprechend der Erfindung können die Schichten 12, 13 zwischen den Funktionsschichten 9, 10 und 11 auch als Gleitebenen 12A, 13A ausgebildet sein. Derartige Gleitebenen oder Gleitschichten werden entweder durch einfaches Aneinanderlegen der Ebenen oder mittels eingebrachter, ein Gleiten unterstützender Stoffe realisiert.In a further embodiment of a mine protection structure according to the invention, the
In der mittleren zweiten Funktionsschicht 10 erfolgt das eigentliche endballistische Abfangen des P-Ladungsprojektils bzw. des Blastes. Sie ist daher als zentrale Funktionsschicht gegen die Wirkungsweise der P-Ladung zu betrachten. Diese zweite Funktionsschicht 10 besteht aus einem Material, das unter hoher dynamischer Belastung plastisch fließ- bzw. mechanisch erosionsfähig bleibt, also optimale endballistische Schutzleistungseigenschaften aufweist. Solche Materialien können beispielsweise Metalle oder Metalllegierungen sein. Sie können aber auch von Olefinen, Ölen, Fetten oder Wachs gebildet werden. Aufgrund der geschilderten Eigenschaft dieser zweiten Funktionsschicht 10 und ihrer relativ geringen Dichte kommen hierfür auch Thermoplaste, Elastomere (z.B. Nylon, PC, PE, PP, Teflon, Gummi bzw. Polymere), oder amorphe Stoffe wie z.B. Glas in Frage. Bei den letzen beiden Materialien kann nach erfolgter Projektilbelastung bzw. Abbremsung mittels Zerlegung oder Delamination Energie im Ziel abgebaut werden (vgl. hierzu aber obige Bemerkung bzgl. der dynamischen Härte derartiger Stoffe).In the middle second
Für die zweite Funktionsschicht 10 sind grundsätzlich auch metallische Schichten aus Aluminium- oder Magnesiumlegierungen, Weicheisen, Kupfer bis hin zu Tantal geeignet. Gegossene Werkstoffe können aufgrund ihrer speziellen Eigenschaften bezüglich Dämpfung und Gleitverhalten ebenfalls für die zweite Funktionsschicht 10 interessant sein. Zur Vervollständigung soll noch erwähnt werden, dass die zweite Funktionsschicht 10 auch mehrschichtig aufgebaut und auch z.B. aus einer Kombination der oben aufgeführten Materialien gebildet werden kann.In principle, metallic layers of aluminum or magnesium alloys, soft iron, copper up to tantalum are also suitable for the second
Zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Funktionsschicht 9 und 10 kann sich eine Flächenverbindungsschicht 12 befinden. Diese ist sowohl in der Lage, die Funktionsschichten so zu verbinden, dass während der dynamischen Durchbiegung diese Funktionsschichten miteinander verbunden bleiben, als auch für eine Dämpfung der Blastwirkung entsprechend den obigen Ausführungen zu sorgen und den Stanzeffekt des Projektils zu unterbinden. Als vorteilhaft bezüglich der Haftung während der Minenbeaufschlagung hat sich eine Gummischicht 12 erwiesen, wobei die Verbindung der einzelnen Funktionsschichten (hier 9 und 10) durch Vulkanisation eines speziellen CR-Kautschuks erfolgt. Durch diese Flächenverbindungsschicht 12 können bei hoher dynamischer Belastung große seitliche Zugkräfte, die infolge der Durchbiegung der einzelnen Funktionsschichten entstehen, aufgenommen und damit der Zielmasse lateral dynamisch zugeschaltet werden. Generell erlauben polymere Werkstoffe als Verbindungsschicht 12 infolge ihrer mannigfaltigen Rezeptureigenschaften ein hohes Maß an Anpassungsfähigkeit an die jeweilige Struktur. Geeignet für diese Verbindungsschicht 12 sind jedoch auch andere Kunststoffe wie z.B. Thermoplaste. Es ist auch denkbar, die Verbindungsschicht 12 aus dünnen metallischen oder nichtmetallischen Schichten/Folien zu fertigen, die ein besonders günstiges Impedanzverhalten aufweisen.Between the first and the second
Die zweite Funktionsschicht 10 erfüllt somit primär die Aufgabe, das Durchstanzen oder Durchschlagen des Minenschutzes durch das FL-Projektil zu verhindern und die belastete Fläche möglichst weiter zu vergrößern. Sie verteilt aufgrund ihrer Fließfähigkeit insbesondere bei hochdynamischer Belastung, d.h. im Geschwindigkeitsbereich des P-Ladungsprojektils einschließlich mitbeschleunigter Zielmasse von 1.000 m/s bis 500 m/s, die Last auf eine noch größere Fläche. Dies ist mit einem weiteren Abbau der Durchdringungsgeschwindigkeit verbunden.The second
Nach der ersten und der zweiten Funktionsschicht 9 und 10 (mit den Verbindungsschichten 12 und 13 bzw. 12A und 13A) ist eine als Stützschicht bzw. weitere Energiekompensationsschicht dienende dritte Funktionsschicht 11 angeordnet (vgl. obige Erläuterungen). Hierbei spielen die Masse, die Härte und die dynamisch-mechanischen Eigenschaften des Materials eine entscheidende Rolle für die nachfolgende Beulenbildung. Die dritte Funktionsschicht wird vorzugsweise aus Panzerstahl oder hochfesten Metalllegierungen gebildet und stellt den fahrzeugseitigen Abschluss der erfindungsgemäßen Minenschutzanordnung dar.After the first and the second
Zwischen der zweiten und der dritten Funktionsschicht 10 und 11 kann eine zweite Verbindungsschicht 13 angeordnet sein, die eine gleichartige Funktion wie die Verbindungsschicht 12 übernimmt. Dies wäre beispielsweise erforderlich, wenn die Minenschutzanordnung als adaptiertes Sandwich hergestellt werden soll (Verbindungsschicht zur nachfolgenden dritten Funktionsschicht 11). Es kann sich unter Umständen als zweckmäßig erweisen, die beiden und ggf. weitere Zugflächen-Verbindungsschichten 12, 13 mit unterschiedlichen Materialien und Wandstärken auszuführen, je nachdem, ob der Dämpfung oder der Kraftübertragung in der jeweiligen Verbindungsschicht die größere Rolle zugeordnet wird. Weiterhin können die Verbindungsschichten 12A und 13A alternativ von Werkstoffen mit guten Gleiteigenschaften gebildet werden, um die Dissipation in der Funktionsschicht zu unterstützen.Between the second and the third
Bestimmend für die Leistungsfähigkeit eines polyvalenten Aufbaus der Minenschutzanordnung ist aufgrund der vorgegebenen Belastung (z.B. 8 kg TNT-Äquivalent) die notwendige stahläquivalente Masse. In dieser Masse kann die fahrzeugseitig vorgegebene Bodenstruktur 1 zumindest teilweise enthalten sein. Aufgrund von experimentellen Leistungswerten konnten für Minenschutzanordnungen 2 der erfindungsgemäßen Bauweise deutliche Vorteile gegenüber den bisher verwendeten und noch in der Entwicklung befindlichen, gegen Blast optimierten Minenschutzanordnungen festgestellt werden. So konnten bei entsprechenden Experimenten mit außen angebrachten (adaptierten) Minenschutzaufbauten beide Bedrohungen mit vergleichbaren dynamischen Werten für die Durchbiegung und Bewegung des Fahrzeugbodens mit um den Faktor 1,5 bis 1,8 geringeren Gesamtschutzmassen gegenüber einer reinen Stahllösung abgewehrt werden.Determining the performance of a polyvalent design of the mine guard assembly is the necessary steel equivalent mass due to the imposed load (e.g., 8 kg of TNT equivalent). In this mass, the vehicle-side
Auch eine Erhöhung der Bedrohung durch Flachladungsminen, beispielsweise durch leistungsgesteigerte Minen vom Typ TMRP 6 mit höherer Projektilgeschwindigkeit, lässt sich durch eine entsprechende Optimierung der erfindungsgemäßen Minenschutzanordnung 2, insbesondere der zweiten Funktionsschicht 10, mit relativ geringem Massezuwachs abwehren. Dies ist mit herkömmlichen Bauweisen im Rahmen der Gewichtslimits gepanzerter Fahrzeuge nicht zu erreichen.An increase in the threat of flat-charging mines, for example by performance-enhanced mines of the
Grundsätzlich kann die gemäß
Sämtliche in den Figuren dargestellten und in der Beschreibung erläuterten Einzelheiten sind für die Erfindung wichtig. Dabei ist es ein Merkmal der Erfindung, dass alle geschilderten Einzelheiten in beliebiger Weise einfach oder mehrfach kombiniert werden können und dadurch jeweils einen individuell angepassten polyvalenten Minenschutz ergeben.All details shown in the figures and explained in the description are important to the invention. It is a feature of the invention that all the details described can be combined in any way simple or multiple times and thereby each result in an individually adapted polyvalent mine protection.
In
Es ist ferner möglich, zwischen den Funktionsschichten Zwischenräume vorzusehen, in denen bevorzugt stützende Einrichtungen oder Schichten/Materialien vorgesehen sind, um die Leistungsfähigkeit der Minenschutzanordnung weiter zu verbessern.It is also possible to provide spaces between the functional layers in which preferably supporting devices or layers / materials are provided in order to further improve the performance of the mine protection arrangement.
In allen oben beschriebenen Ausführungsformen kann die aus der Minenschutzanordnung der Erfindung aufgebaute Fläche ein- oder mehrteilig ausgebildet sein. Außerdem besteht die Möglichkeit, die aus der Minenschutzanordnung aufgebaute Fläche eben, gekrümmt oder abgekantet auszubilden, zu der Wandung oder der Außenkontur des Objekts parallel verlaufen oder mit dieser einen Winkel einschließen zu lassen, und/oder mit einer ungleichen/stufenartigen Dickenverteilung zu bilden.In all embodiments described above, the surface constructed from the mine protection arrangement of the invention may be designed in one or more parts. In addition, it is possible to make the surface constructed of the mine protection arrangement flat, curved or folded, to run parallel to the wall or the outer contour of the object or to form an angle with the object, and / or to form an unequal / step-like thickness distribution.
- 11
- Fahrzeugbodenvehicle floor
- 22
- MinenschutzanordnungMine protection order
- 33
- Bodenground
- 44
- Minenbedrohungmine threat
- 55
- BlastwelleBlast wave
- 66
- P-LadungsprojektilP-charge projectile
- 77
- Ausbreitungsrichtung der BlastwellePropagation direction of the blast wave
- 88th
- Wirkrichtung des P-LadungsprojektilsDirection of action of the P-charge projectile
- 8A8A
- Pfeile für eindringendes P-LadungsprojektilArrows for penetrating P-charge projectile
- 8B8B
- Pfeile für sich in 2 ausbreitendes Druckfeld, bedingt durch 8AArrows for pressure field propagating in 2, due to 8A
- 99
- erste Funktionsschicht (Abriebschicht)first functional layer (abrasion layer)
- 9A9A
- äußere Abriebschichtouter abrasion layer
- 9B9B
- innere Vorschotteinner bulkhead
- 1010
- zweite Funktionsschichtsecond functional layer
- 1111
- dritte Funktionsschicht (Stütz- und Energiekompensationsschicht)third functional layer (support and energy compensation layer)
- 1212
- Schicht bzw. Fläche zwischen 9 und 10Layer or area between 9 and 10
- 12A12A
- Gleitschicht zwischen 9 und 10Sliding layer between 9 and 10
- 1313
- Schicht bzw. Fläche zwischen 10 und 11Layer or area between 10 and 11
- 13A13A
- Gleitschicht zwischen 10 und 11Sliding layer between 10 and 11
- 1414
- Trennfläche zwischen 1 und 11Separation area between 1 and 11
- 1515
- durch 6 mitbeschleunigtes Plattensegment von 9by 6 accelerated plate segment of 9
- 1616
- Pfeile, Stützwirkung des Fahrzeugbodens gegenüber 2 symbolisierendArrows symbolizing supporting effect of the vehicle floor opposite 2
- 1717
- Zwischenraumgap
Claims (15)
- A mine protection arrangement for protecting an object against a threat by mines (4), consisting of a layer structure (2) of a plurality of layers comprising a first functional layer (9) facing towards the threat and made of an armour steel plate or a high-strength metal alloy having a thickness of at least the steel equivalent thickness of the liner of the projectileforming mine, a homogenous, middle, second functional layer (10) made of a material that remains plastically flowable or mechanically erodible under dynamic load, and a subsequent, third functional layer (11) made of an armour steel plate or a steel equivalent arrangement of various materials, wherein the layer structure (2) is or can be mounted on a wall (1) of the object, which wall (1) faces towards the threat, and wherein the third functional layer (11) together with the wall (1) of the object has a steel equivalent thickness of at least 25 mm.
- A mine protection arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that
the layer structure (2) is fixedly connected to or integrated with the object to be protected or the wall (1) thereof. - A mine protection arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that
the layer structure (2) is at least partly fabricated as a separate component and is integrated with the object to be protected or the wall (1) thereof in a fixedly or detachably connectable manner. - A mine protection arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
characterised in that the complete layer structure (2) is or can be mounted on that side of the wall (1) which faces towards the threat. - A mine protection arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
characterised in that one part (11) of the layer structure (2) is or can be mounted on that side of the wall (1) which faces away from the threat and another part (9, 10) is or can be mounted on that side of the wall (1) which faces towards the threat. - A mine protection arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
characterised in that the first, the second and the third functional layer (9, 10, 11) are connected by elastomeric, tensileforce-absorbing connecting or damping layers (12) and (13). - A mine protection arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
characterised in that sliding layers (12A, 13A) are provided between the functional layers (9, 10, 11). - A mine protection arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
characterised in that the second functional layer (10) is formed from metallic materials, cast metallic materials, elastomeric materials or from thermoplastic, liquid or pasty materials or a combination of a plurality of those materials. - A mine protection arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
characterised in that the first functional layer (9) and the second functional layer (10) are of a single-layer or multi-layer configuration. - A mine protection arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
characterised in that the third functional layer (11) consists of steel, light metal or another material of high dynamic stiffness. - A mine protection arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
characterised in that there is provided between the third functional layer (11) and the wall (1) of the object to be protected an intermediate layer (17) which absorbs or permits a dynamic buckling of the third functional layer (11). - A mine protection arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 11,
characterised in that there are spaces between the functional layers. - A mine protection arrangement according to claim 12, characterised in
that supporting devices or layers / materials are provided in the spaces. - A mine protection arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 13,
characterised in that the surface formed by the layer structure (2) is of a one-part or multipart configuration. - A mine protection arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 14,
characterised in that the surface formed by the layer structure (2) is flat, curved or edged, extends parallel to the wall (1) or to the outer contour of the object or forms an angle therewith, and/or exhibits an uneven / step-like thickness distribution.
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03007323.3A EP1464915B2 (en) | 2003-04-01 | 2003-04-01 | Mine protection device |
DK03007323.3T DK1464915T4 (en) | 2003-04-01 | 2003-04-01 | Mine protection arrangement |
ES03007323.3T ES2391267T5 (en) | 2003-04-01 | 2003-04-01 | Mine protection device |
PCT/EP2004/003395 WO2004088238A1 (en) | 2003-04-01 | 2004-03-31 | Anti-mine arrangement |
NO20055069A NO333308B1 (en) | 2003-04-01 | 2005-10-31 | My Protection Device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03007323.3A EP1464915B2 (en) | 2003-04-01 | 2003-04-01 | Mine protection device |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1464915A1 EP1464915A1 (en) | 2004-10-06 |
EP1464915B1 EP1464915B1 (en) | 2012-07-11 |
EP1464915B8 EP1464915B8 (en) | 2012-08-29 |
EP1464915B2 true EP1464915B2 (en) | 2015-06-03 |
Family
ID=32842720
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03007323.3A Expired - Lifetime EP1464915B2 (en) | 2003-04-01 | 2003-04-01 | Mine protection device |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1464915B2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1464915T4 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2391267T5 (en) |
NO (1) | NO333308B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004088238A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2934562B1 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2011-04-22 | Airbus France | PROTECTION PANEL AND LANDING TRAIN MODULE COMPRISING SAME. |
DE102009012251A1 (en) | 2009-03-07 | 2010-09-09 | Rheinmetall Landsysteme Gmbh | Protective device for protecting an object against projectile-forming mines |
DE102009033563A1 (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2011-01-20 | Rheinmetall Landsysteme Gmbh | mine protection |
US8413567B2 (en) * | 2010-06-23 | 2013-04-09 | International Truck Intellectual Property Company, Llc | Vehicle armor |
US9146080B2 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2015-09-29 | Foster-Miller, Inc. | Blast/impact mitigation shield |
FR3103548B1 (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2023-04-14 | Univ Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier | Device for protecting static or mobile, land, water or air structures against the blast of an explosion or detonation and the associated material projections |
DE102021001652A1 (en) | 2021-03-29 | 2022-09-29 | Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertr. durch das Bundesministerium der Verteidigung, vertr. durch das Bundesamt für Ausrüstung, Informationstechnik und Nutzung der Bundeswehr | vehicle armor |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE363437C (en) † | 1922-11-09 | Kompositions Panzerplatten Ges | tank | |
DE19643757B4 (en) † | 1995-10-25 | 2009-01-02 | Denel (Pty.) Ltd., Pretoria | Kit for an armor |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2201637A1 (en) | 1972-01-14 | 1973-08-02 | Hans Dr Hendrix | Bullet proof tank plate - with steel fibre felt and polyurethane foam core between steel sheets |
DE2934050C2 (en) | 1979-08-23 | 1983-12-08 | Thiele & Co, 2800 Bremen | Composite panel for armoring vehicle interiors or the like. |
US4404889A (en) | 1981-08-28 | 1983-09-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Composite floor armor for military tanks and the like |
DE19734950C2 (en) | 1997-08-13 | 1999-05-27 | Gerd Dr Ing Kellner | Mine protection device |
US6216579B1 (en) * | 1998-10-15 | 2001-04-17 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Solicitor General Acting Through The Commissioner Of The Royal Mounted Canadian Police | Composite armor material |
DE19913845C2 (en) * | 1999-03-26 | 2002-06-13 | Henschel Wehrtechnik Gmbh | Device to ensure the availability of military vehicles |
US7082868B2 (en) * | 2001-03-15 | 2006-08-01 | Ati Properties, Inc. | Lightweight armor with repeat hit and high energy absorption capabilities |
-
2003
- 2003-04-01 EP EP03007323.3A patent/EP1464915B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-04-01 ES ES03007323.3T patent/ES2391267T5/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-04-01 DK DK03007323.3T patent/DK1464915T4/en active
-
2004
- 2004-03-31 WO PCT/EP2004/003395 patent/WO2004088238A1/en active Application Filing
-
2005
- 2005-10-31 NO NO20055069A patent/NO333308B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE363437C (en) † | 1922-11-09 | Kompositions Panzerplatten Ges | tank | |
DE19643757B4 (en) † | 1995-10-25 | 2009-01-02 | Denel (Pty.) Ltd., Pretoria | Kit for an armor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO20055069D0 (en) | 2005-10-31 |
NO20055069L (en) | 2005-12-29 |
EP1464915A1 (en) | 2004-10-06 |
DK1464915T3 (en) | 2012-10-22 |
ES2391267T5 (en) | 2015-08-10 |
EP1464915B8 (en) | 2012-08-29 |
WO2004088238A1 (en) | 2004-10-14 |
ES2391267T3 (en) | 2012-11-22 |
DK1464915T4 (en) | 2015-09-07 |
NO333308B1 (en) | 2013-04-29 |
EP1464915B1 (en) | 2012-07-11 |
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