EP1464915B1 - Mine protection device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a polyvalent mine protection arrangement according to claim 1.

The protection of armored vehicles and in particular their occupants against both blast and projectile-forming mines is increasingly gaining in importance, particularly as tank mines have to be expected when deployed in crisis areas. It is therefore desirable to protect even lighter vehicle weight classes as efficiently as possible against mine threats. This applies not only to the development of new vehicles, but also to the retrofitting of already introduced systems.

In the effect of a mine explosion, two criteria are to be considered primarily: on the one hand the blast or pressure wave due to the detonation of the explosive and on the other hand the breakdown power of the projectile formed in flat-charge mines. Furthermore, there are shaped charge mines, such as the German mine AT II, whose penetration capacity is so high that the vehicle floor is penetrated including any possibly applied mine protection. Therefore, a good mine protection should be at the same time to be able to cause a small splinter cone when penetrating the mine protection by the HL-beam or to limit the splinter cone in the area of the vehicle interior.

When the ground area of an armored vehicle, such as a rifle or battle tank, with a pressure mine (eg with an explosive charge in the range of 5 kg to 10 kg TNT equivalent), a dynamic deflection or swinging of the vehicle floor takes place due to the blast effect in a period of about one millisecond. The amplitude is dependent on the explosive charge mass, the distance of the charge from the soil structure and the thickness of the vehicle floor or its mass. In armored vehicles, this dynamic deflection is usually on the order of 200 mm to 300 mm. At the same time, the speed of the vehicle floor can reach peaks of more than 300 m / s. Furthermore, the dynamic deflection of the vehicle floor entails a corresponding dynamic deformation of the side walls, so that attached devices are torn from the brackets and uncontrolled by the Interior fly. Technically optimal would therefore be a protective measure against such mine loads, which prevents the dynamic deflection of the vehicle floor and thus the load on the side walls or at least sufficiently limited.

In the US 4,404,889 describes a composite armor for armored vehicles and especially for the vehicle floor, which consists essentially of seven layers and five basic materials: an outer armor steel plate, a honeycomb structure, a thin steel foil, a ballistic protective layer of Kevlar, a second thin steel foil, Balsa wood and an inner armor steel plate. The honeycomb structure can be filled with materials that additionally enhance the absorption capacity against the blast effect. The balsa wood is compressed in the dynamic deflection of the composite structure due to the Blastwirkung and thus creates a deformation space for the upstream ballistic Kevlar protective layer.

In the DE 197 34 950 C2 "A mine protection device of a layered structure is described, the main component of which is a structural element plate which, in combination with the other metallic and non-metallic layers, is able to reduce the dynamic deflection of a vehicle floor and its plastic deformation.

By the DE 29 34 050 A1 is known a composite panel for armor of vehicle interiors, which is formed of a structure of two armor steel plates and a filling layer of hard foam or wood and intermediate layers of fiberglass.

A multilayered structure is also in the DE-OS 22 01 637 (Basis for claim 1), in which there is a composite of steel fiber fleece and polyurethane foam between two steel layers. The steel fibers can also be embedded in various other plastics or copolymers.

As a prior art, it can thus be assumed that sandwich structures made of a very wide variety of materials and in a large number of arrangements are known. However, these arrangements relate solely to the task of averting the threat of a blast mine or to minimize their impact on the armored vehicle.

In contrast, the effect of a likewise widespread type of mines, the so-called flat-charge mine (FL mine) or mines from projectile-forming charges (P-charge mine) based primarily on the high breakdown power of a blast-formed projectile, resulting in the detonation of a mine the mine deposit forms. This insert consists for example of soft iron or other metallic materials that allow a pyrotechnic transformation to a projectile. In such FL mines or P-charge mines, the ballistic loading of the vehicle floor is more pronounced locally than with pure blast mines. The load is determined primarily by the dimensions, the contour and the impact velocity of the projectile formed. Due to the very high projectile speed in the order of 1,800 m / s to more than 2,000 m / s fail conventional threats in such threats, which were designed only against the blast threat.

Further, this reveals U.S. Patent No. 5,905,225 a mine protection arrangement with a layer structure, which should be effective in particular against projectile-forming mines. Thus, this document shows a typical composite armor with two steel sheets, between which an absorption layer is arranged. This intermediate layer is formed of a brittle material, such as glass or ceramic, which is known to have high efficiency in energy absorption of projectiles by dissipation. In order to additionally be able to intercept even the dynamic bulge of a blast wave through the rear metal layer, this layer structure is arranged at a great distance from the vehicle floor to be protected.

Based on the described prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a polyvalent mine protection arrangement such that the threat of anti-tank mines is not only largely compensated with blast and projectile effect, but that the deformed target area is minimized and both the Dynamic deflection as well as the permanent bulge are minimized.

This object is achieved by a mine protection arrangement having the features of patent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

In the development of the mine protection arrangement according to the invention, the inventor has proceeded from the following considerations.

A polyvalent mine protection must basically combine two properties: the energy caused by blast waves or impulse transmission into the vehicle structure as far as possible, i. Compensate structurally and intercept the breakdown capability of a projectile formed from the P-charge insert. Of course, in mine protection as well, it can be assumed that both the law of conservation of energy and the law of conservation of momentum remain valid.

The above requirements are to be met in principle with homogeneous plates with ideal elastic plastic behavior, ie a growing mine threat would have to face only an increasing plate thickness (mass) or structural strength. The lack of ideally behaving materials and the limited provision of Mass with limited depth by the part of the vehicle to be protected require technically / physically more powerful solutions that require the mastery of complex end ballistic relationships especially in polyvalent mine protection due to the different types of threats. It should also be noted that with homogeneous sheets, the disk-like loading of P-charges leads to so-called punch punctures, which not only allow an energy-efficient armored breakdown, but are in principle also associated with very large variations. Thus, the actually required thickness would be nachzuschalten a security mass. Since the penetration or depth of penetration increases at least linearly with the impact energy of the threat, homogeneous solutions precipitate in accordance with the above considerations. At the same time, the bandwidth of potential threats is arbitrarily large. Therefore, polyvalent mine protection must be largely independent of individual threat-specific parameters. Last but not least, such mine protection must also be financially viable, ie general and system-independent as far as possible.

Due to the mass and thickness limitation, an efficient mine protection must thus have a dynamic structural behavior that is superior to the homogeneous plate and at the same time reduce the end-ballistic impact performance in comparison with armor steel. Although relatively high mass factors (quotient of the penetrated equivalent armor steel mass to the penetrated mass of the considered target) of the order of magnitude of 2 have been achieved in recent years in the defense of KE penetrators, but only limited to the end ballistic performance of projectile-forming mines can be transmitted. On the other hand, these are extremely short (disc-like) penetrators, which generate large-area dynamic peak loads, in particular because of their high impact velocity. It is therefore important to escape speed from the impinging P-charge projectile and, at the same time, increase the applied area as quickly as possible. Furthermore, the target-side drag should be maintained as long as possible in order to optimize the energy-absorbing effect and to extend the momentum transfer time. And all this under the condition of the least possible dynamic as well as plastic bulge on the inside of the vehicle to be protected. The latter requirement therefore also requires, in addition to the physical / technical processes described above, a high protective effect on the back side or structural strength.

This defines the criteria to be taken into account when setting up polyvalent mine protection. The present invention implements these considerations in a technically particularly effective manner by describing the individual ones described above Protection criteria basically assigns three levels of effect or functional layers, which are optimally adapted to the respective technical specifications.

When loading a vehicle floor by the blast of an explosive charge or by the projectile of a flat charge mine, as stated above, the inertia of the primary loaded or dynamically switched structural parts, the propagation of the shock or shock load, the plastic working capacity of the individual protection components, the work path (The deflection) of the vehicle floor due to the high dynamics of the movement and the permanent plastic deformation the determining parameters.

According to the above considerations should be at the initiation of the dynamic load or immediately after the impact both blast and P-charge mines the active components of the mine (the impinging plate at P-charge mines) basically the largest possible mass either about a corresponding density or oppose a sufficient thickness of the initially applied material layer.

Furthermore, the dynamic connection of the following masses or layers is to be considered, which usually takes place with the corresponding wave propagation speed of the materials involved. A key role in the transmission of stress by means of shock waves is played here by the so-called acoustic impedance, the product ρ × c, with ρ as the density of the materials involved and c as the sound propagation velocity. In this case, the quotient (ρ ₁ × c ₁ / ρ ₂ × c ₂ ) provides information about the proportion of energy passed on or reflected between two layers 1 and 2.

Thus, according to the law of conservation of momentum, in the case of a steel plate with a certain thickness by means of an abrasion layer (first functional layer or front mine protection plate) made of steel of the same thickness, the speed can be approximately halved, for example from 2,000 m / s to 1,000 m / s. However, since the penetration processes are to be extended in time and the largest possible basis weight is to be switched on dynamically, the thickness ratio of the first functional layer / impacting mortar should be greater than 1, ie preferably between 1 and 3 due to vehicle-specific specifications. Thus, the speed of the projectile now formed from the impacting mine projectile and mitbeschleunigten mass of the first functional layer in the same ratio is reduced.

Plastic work (internal friction) can be done either by a homogeneous component, eg a thick plate with sufficient dynamic plastic behavior or by constructive measures. Furthermore, plastic work can be done by means of a layer structure with delaminating components or by means of introduced deformation elements or cavities. These processes are assigned to the central second functional layer. In it, the projectile, which has been redesigned by the upstream first functional layer, is trapped, thereby dissipating the introduced energy or distributing the pulse over time. In this way, the subsequent support level (third functional layer) - possibly in conjunction with the vehicle floor - record the remaining deformation energy.

At the intercept distance, the time and mass minimized, i. Power-optimized use of the materials involved plays the decisive role. Therefore, in mine protection often fiber reinforced materials are used in particular against P-charge mines. However, it should be borne in mind that such materials as well as polymeric materials can behave very dynamically at high load speeds. Dynamically hard substances usually undergo more extensive destruction than, for example, homogeneous sheet steel made of armor steel (see, however, the comments above on homogeneous mine protection structures).

The polyvalent mine protection arrangement according to the invention can be connected to the vehicle stationarily, as a so-called integrated solution. Alternatively, it can also be designed as an adaptable mine protection, which is attached to a vehicle only when needed. This offers the advantage that the vehicle and mine protection arrangement can be treated logistically separately and the vehicles are equipped with the mine protection arrangement only when used in an area endangered by mines. Such a modular, adaptive design also allows a short-term adaptation to changing requirements or new technical developments. However, the mine protection according to the invention may also consist of a mixed arrangement, i. an externally adapted and at the same time integrated into the inner vehicle structure arrangement exist to meet the circumstances of a given vehicle design or possibly necessary retrofitting measures on existing vehicles to a particular extent.

Figur 1

einen schematisierten Gesamtüberblick;

Figur 2

einen Schnitt durch eine grundsätzliche Minenschutzanordnung gemäß der Erfindung;

Figur 3

die Funktionsweise der polyvalenten Minenschutzanordnung;

Figur 4

einen Schnitt durch eine Minenschutzanordnung als adaptierte Anordnung;

Figur

5 einen Schnitt durch eine Minenschutzanordnung als integriert/adaptierte Anordnung;

Figur 6

einen Schnitt durch eine Minenschutzanordnung mit dem Fahrzeugwannenboden als dritter Funktionsschicht;

Figur 7

einen Schnitt durch eine aufgespaltete Minenschutzanordnung.

Further details are included in the following description of the drawings, which illustrate examples of the invention. The figures show only the essential features of the invention. They are therefore drawn in a greatly simplified form. Show it:

FIG. 1

a schematic overview;

FIG. 2

a section through a basic mine protection arrangement according to the invention;

FIG. 3

the operation of the polyvalent mine protection system;

FIG. 4

a section through a mine protection arrangement as an adapted arrangement;

figure

5 shows a section through a mine protection arrangement as integrated / adapted arrangement;

FIG. 6

a section through a mine protection arrangement with the vehicle tub bottom as a third functional layer;

FIG. 7

a section through a split mine protection arrangement.

FIG. 1 shows a greatly simplified construction of mine protection with the corresponding threats. Shown is a vehicle floor 1 as an example of the threat of the mines facing wall of an object to be protected, with an upstream mine protection arrangement 2. This is acted upon by the blast shaft 5 and / or the P-charge projectile 6 from below a surface (floor) 3 lying P-charge or blast threat 4 caused. The arrows 7 and 8 symbolize the spread of the threat 5 and 6, respectively.

In FIG. 2 the mine protection arrangement according to the invention against both threat types blast and P-charge mine is shown in its basic structure. The first functional layer 9 on the load side, ie the outer and thus the mine facing wall of the mine protection arrangement 2 consists for example of a steel sheet. This first functional layer 9 is to be selected at least as required by the system specifications for the vehicle floor, for example against stone chipping or abrasion. Sufficient for this would be wall thicknesses of 4 mm to 6 mm armor steel with a hardness of 400 to 500 HB. At the same time, however, the first functional layer fulfills a speed reduction function which is important for the protective effect of the entire mine protection arrangement (see the above comments). Of course, other high-strength materials come into question for this purpose. However, it can be assumed that high quality steel armor plates provide the best cost / performance ratio here. Generally, the first functional layer 9 should be made of an armor steel sheet or a high strength metal alloy having a thickness of at least the steel equivalent Thickness of the insert of the projectile-forming mine 4, preferably from 4 mm to 12 mm, exist.

In FIG. 3 the mode of action of a central second functional layer 10 and of the first and third functional layers 9 and 11 enclosing it (in conjunction with the vehicle floor 1) is illustrated in the event of a threat by means of a P-charge projectile. By the mitbeschleunigen the plate portion 15 of serving as erosion or abrasion layer first functional layer 9 on the part of the projectile 6 by the means of the symbolized movement arrow 8 (FIG. Fig. 2 ) and at the same time radially expanded (symbolized by the arrows 8A). At the same time, a pressure field (arrows 8B) propagates in the second functional layer 10, which passes on the energy to the radial environment and the subsequent third functional layer 11 (less the energy fraction consumed in the second functional layer 10 at the time considered). According to the principle actio equals reaction , approximately the same retarding forces are exerted on the penetrating bodies. The arrows 16 symbolize the dynamic / mechanical counterforce of the third functional layer 11, possibly reinforced by the supporting force of the bottom 1.

In a further embodiment of a mine protection structure according to the invention, the layers 12, 13 between the functional layers 9, 10 and 11 may also be formed as slip planes 12A, 13A. Such slip planes or sliding layers are realized either by simply juxtaposing the planes or by means of introduced, a slip-supporting substances.

In the middle second functional layer 10, the actual end ballistic interception of the P-charge projectile or the blast takes place. It should therefore be regarded as a central functional layer against the mode of action of the P charge. This second functional layer 10 consists of a material which remains plastically free-flowing or mechanically erosion-capable under high dynamic load, ie has optimum end-ballistic protection-performance properties. Such materials may be, for example, metals or metal alloys. But they can also be formed by olefins, oils, fats or wax. Due to the described property of this second functional layer 10 and its relatively low density, thermoplastics or elastomers (eg nylon, PC, PE, PP, Teflon, rubber or polymers), fiber-reinforced materials or amorphous materials such as glass are also suitable for this purpose. In the last two materials, energy can be dissipated in the target after projectile loading or deceleration by means of decomposition or delamination (cf however, the above remark regarding the dynamic hardness of such substances).

In principle, metallic layers of aluminum or magnesium alloys, soft iron, copper up to tantalum are also suitable for the second functional layer 10. Cast materials can also be interesting for the second functional layer 10 due to their special properties with regard to damping and sliding behavior. Further, by incorporating special bodies (e.g., hollow spheres or plastic working bodies) into the materials of the second functional layer 10, the shock-absorbing properties can be further improved. To complete, it should also be mentioned that the second functional layer 10 also has a multilayer structure and is also suitable for e.g. can be formed from a combination of the materials listed above.

Between the first and the second functional layer 9 and 10, a surface connecting layer 12 may be located. This is able both to connect the functional layers in such a way that, during the dynamic deflection, these functional layers remain connected to one another, as well as to provide for attenuation of the blast effect according to the above statements and to suppress the punching effect of the projectile. A rubber layer 12 has proven to be advantageous with regard to the adhesion during the application of mines, wherein the connection of the individual functional layers (here 9 and 10) takes place by vulcanization of a special CR rubber. By means of this surface bonding layer 12, large lateral tensile forces, which arise as a result of the deflection of the individual functional layers, can be absorbed at high dynamic load and thus dynamically switched on laterally to the target mass. In general, polymeric materials as the tie layer 12, due to their diverse formulation properties, allow a high degree of adaptability to the particular structure. However, other plastics such as e.g. Thermoplastics. It is also conceivable to manufacture the connection layer 12 from thin metallic or non-metallic layers / foils which have a particularly favorable impedance behavior.

The second functional layer 10 thus primarily fulfills the task of preventing the puncturing or puncturing of the mine protection by the FL projectile and to increase the loaded area as far as possible. Due to its fluidity, it distributes the load over an even larger area, in particular in the case of highly dynamic loading, ie in the velocity range of the P-charge projectile, including the accelerated target mass of 1,000 m / s to 500 m / s. This is associated with a further reduction of the penetration rate.

After the first and the second functional layer 9 and 10 (with the connecting layers 12 and 13 or 12A and 13A), a third functional layer 11 serving as a supporting layer or further energy compensating layer is arranged (see above explanations). Here, the mass, the hardness and the dynamic mechanical properties of the material play a decisive role in the subsequent buckling. The third functional layer is preferably formed from armor steel or high-strength metal alloys and represents the vehicle-side completion of the mine protection arrangement according to the invention.

Between the second and the third functional layer 10 and 11, a second connection layer 13 may be arranged, which performs a similar function as the connection layer 12. This would be necessary, for example, if the mine protection arrangement is to be produced as an adapted sandwich (connecting layer to the subsequent third functional layer 11). Under certain circumstances, it may prove to be expedient to carry out the two and optionally further tension-surface connecting layers 12, 13 with different materials and wall thicknesses, depending on whether the greater role is assigned to the damping or the force transmission in the respective connecting layer. Furthermore, the interconnect layers 12A and 13A may alternatively be formed from materials having good slip properties to aid dissipation in the functional layer.

Determining the performance of a polyvalent design of the mine guard assembly is the necessary steel equivalent mass due to the imposed load (e.g., 8 kg of TNT equivalent). In this mass, the vehicle-side predetermined soil structure 1 may be at least partially contained. On account of experimental performance values, it was possible for mine protection arrangements 2 of the construction according to the invention to show clear advantages over the mine protection arrangements which had been used up until now and which were still under development. Thus, in experiments with externally mounted (adapted) mine protection structures, both threats with comparable dynamic values for deflection and movement of the vehicle floor could be averted by a factor of 1.5 to 1.8 lower overall protection masses compared to a pure steel solution.

An increase in the threat of flat-charging mines, for example by performance-enhanced mines of the type TMRP 6 with higher projectile speed, can be achieved by a corresponding optimization of the mine protection arrangement 2, in particular the second functional layer 10, with relatively little mass increase fend off. This can not be achieved with conventional construction methods within the weight limits of armored vehicles.

FIG. 4 shows in addition to FIG. 2 a section through an adapted to the vehicle floor 1 mine protection arrangement 2. The connection surface 14 between the mine protection arrangement and the vehicle floor 1 can be a lateral forces transmitting layer or represent a pure interface between mine protection arrangement and vehicle floor. In the FIG. 2 shown functional layers 9-11 are arranged in this case in front of the vehicle floor 1. Such an adapted layer structure may be firmly connected to the vehicle floor 1 or fixed on site by simple mechanical center.

Basically, the according to FIG. 4 described adapted arrangement also by an adapted / integrated arrangement ( FIG. 5 ) are replaced, in which a part of the functional layers behind the load side, ie behind the outer vehicle floor 1 in the interior of the vehicle (integrated) and the remaining part of the functional layers outside the bottom of the vehicle 1 (adapted) are mounted. In this case, at least the first functional layer (abrasion layer) 9, the connecting layer (damping) 12 and the second functional layer 10 should be mounted outside the vehicle floor 1 and the third functional layer (energy compensation layer 11) should be located downstream of the vehicle floor 1. Such an arrangement is particularly advantageous if the vehicle floor of armored steel is relatively thin and above this floor, the introduction of the third functional layer 11 can be done easily.

All details shown in the figures and explained in the description are important to the invention. It is a feature of the invention that all the details described can be combined in any way simple or multiple times and thereby each result in an individually adapted polyvalent mine protection.

In FIG. 6 represents the vehicle floor 1, both the support and the energy compensation level, so that the third functional layer 11 can be omitted. In this example, the first functional layer is divided into an outer abrasion layer 9A and a subsequent inner pre-bulkhead 9B. Such an arrangement can serve to improve the co-acceleration of structural elements by preventing early punching. This Aufführungsform a mine protection arrangement is not the subject of the present invention and is only for a better understanding of the invention.

FIG. 7 shows finally a section through a split mine protection arrangement 2, in which between the vehicle floor 1 and the third functional layer (energy compensation layer) 11 is a gap 17 as an example of a general intermediate layer, which receives or allows dynamic buckling of the third functional layer 11. This example is representative of vehicle-related specifications. Such intermediate spaces 17 are to be planned in such a way that the described overall function of the mine protection arrangement according to the present invention is not severely disturbed. If necessary, constructive additional measures must be taken here.

It is also possible to provide spaces between the functional layers in which preferably supporting devices or layers / materials are provided in order to further improve the performance of the mine protection arrangement.

In all embodiments described above, the surface constructed from the mine protection arrangement of the invention may be designed in one or more parts. In addition, it is possible to make the surface constructed of the mine protection arrangement flat, curved or folded, to run parallel to the wall or the outer contour of the object or to form an angle with the object, and / or to form an unequal / step-like thickness distribution.

List of terms

1

vehicle floor

2

Mine protection order

3

ground

4

mine threat

5

Blast wave

6

P-charge projectile

7

Propagation direction of the blast wave

8th

Direction of action of the P-charge projectile

8A

Arrows for penetrating P-charge projectile

8B

Arrows for pressure field propagating in 2, due to 8A

9

first functional layer (abrasion layer)

9A

outer abrasion layer

9B

inner bulkhead

10

second functional layer

11

third functional layer (support and energy compensation layer)

12

Layer or area between 9 and 10

12A

Sliding layer between 9 and 10

13

Layer or area between 10 and 11

13A

Sliding layer between 10 and 11

14

Separation area between 1 and 11

15

by 6 accelerated plate segment of 9

16

Arrows symbolizing supporting effect of the vehicle floor opposite 2

17

gap

Claims (16)

1. A mine protection arrangement for protecting an object against a threat by mines (4), consisting of a layer structure (2) of a plurality of layers comprising
   a first functional layer (9) facing towards the threat and made of an armour steel plate or a high-strength metal alloy having a thickness of at least the steel equivalent thickness of the liner of the projectile-forming mine,
   a homogenous, middle, second functional layer (10) made of a material that remains plastically flowable or mechanically erodible under dynamic load, and
   a subsequent, third functional layer (11) made of an armour steel plate or a steel equivalent arrangement of various materials,
   wherein the layer structure (2) is or can be mounted on a wall (1) of the object, which wall (1) faces towards the threat, and
   wherein the third functional layer (11) together with the wall (1) of the object has a steel equivalent thickness of at least 25 mm.
2. A mine protection arrangement according to claim 1,
   characterised in
   that the layer structure (2) is fixedly connected to or integrated with the object to be protected or the wall (1) thereof.
3. A mine protection arrangement according to claim 1,
   characterised in
   that the layer structure (2) is at least partly fabricated as a separate component and is integrated with the object to be protected or the wall (1) thereof in a fixedly or detachably connectable manner.
4. A mine protection arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
   characterised in
   that the complete layer structure (2) is or can be mounted on that side of the wall (1) which faces towards the threat.
5. A mine protection arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
   characterised in
   that one part (11) of the layer structure (2) is or can be mounted on that side of the wall (1) which faces away from the threat and another part (9, 10) is or can be mounted on that side of the wall (1) which faces towards the threat.
6. A mine protection arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
   characterised in
   that the first, the second and the third functional layer (9, 10, 11) are connected by elastomeric, tensile-force-absorbing connecting or damping layers (12) and (13).
7. A mine protection arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
   characterised in
   that sliding layers (12A, 13A) are provided between the functional layers (9, 10, 11).
8. A mine protection arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
   characterised in
   that the second functional layer (10) is formed from metallic materials, fibre-reinforced materials, cast metallic materials, elastomeric materials or from thermoplastic, liquid or pasty materials or a combination of a plurality of those materials.
9. A mine protection arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
   characterised in
   that the second functional layer (10) contains shock-absorbing and/or shock-wave-dissipating bodies.
10. A mine protection arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
    characterised in
    that the first functional layer (9) and the second functional layer (10) are of a single-layer or multi-layer configuration.
11. A mine protection arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
    characterised in
    that the third functional layer (11) consists of steel, light metal or another material of high dynamic stiffness.
12. A mine protection arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 11,
    characterised in
    that there is provided between the third functional layer (11) and the wall (1) of the object to be protected an intermediate layer (17) which absorbs or permits a dynamic buckling of the third functional layer (11).
13. A mine protection arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 12,
    characterised in
    that there are spaces between the functional layers.
14. A mine protection arrangement according to claim 13,
    characterised in
    that supporting devices or layers / materials are provided in the spaces.
15. A mine protection arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 14,
    characterised in
    that the surface formed by the layer structure (2) is of a one-part or multipart configuration.
16. A mine protection arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 15,
    characterised in
    that the surface formed by the layer structure (2) is flat, curved or edged, extends parallel to the wall (1) or to the outer contour of the object or forms an angle therewith, and/or exhibits an uneven / step-like thickness distribution.

Images