EP0826134B1 - Multilayer armour plating material - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a multilayer armor protection material, which consists of a one-piece or multi-piece ceramic or metallic front layer and one of these downstream hard support layer is formed.

DE 41 14 809 Al is already a bullet-proof plate material known in which a multi-piece ceramic or metallic front layer with a multi-layer laminate connected by a layer of an elastic binder is. The first layer of laminate is a hard, the front layer is not supportive and essentially elastic deformable layer with a subsequent second, flexible and elastically deformable laminate layer as so-called Trapping layer with a thin rubber or acrylic adhesive film connected with a uniform thickness of about 0.2 to 0.4 millimeters is. The first layer of laminate is made of a hard, highly compressed GRP material formed while the flexible Laminate layers of the second or subsequent trapping layers become soft GRP materials or aramid fabric.

Such a known plate material offers with respect to one Multi-hit behavior the advantages described. It can be Hard core bullets up to caliber 7.62 millimeters with inexpensive Weight advantages compared to armored steel sheet and comparable Stop multi-hit properties. However, it is a disadvantage that the special materials used, such as ceramics, GRP and aramid are significantly less expensive than an armored steel sheet are. When the caliber of a projectile is increased for example .50 (12.7 millimeters) or 14.5 Millimeters is still a good function of the known one Given plate material, however, the costs then move at a very high level.

Vehicle structures are also mostly in the caliber range mentioned made of armored steel or aluminum with a certain Basic protection, for example against soft or hard core bullets available in caliber 7.62 millimeters, on which an additional armor adapted to achieve the required overall protection becomes. Such a vehicle structure in the formation of a vehicle trough plate or tower housing thus takes over the function the trapping layer analogous to DE 41 14 809 A1. With a bullet-proof Plate according to this document should therefore equally good results without the second or subsequent catch layer can be achieved if the front layer is made of multi-piece ceramic in conjunction with a flexurally hard GRP laminate layer as a protective plate on the steel sheet or aluminum housing would be attached directly.

It was actually shown during the bombardment that with one good performance values could be achieved.

With a design-related bulkhead arrangement, however, had to the support layer can be increased in thickness by one more to achieve sufficient support for the ceramic because a trap layer directly behind it no longer exists was. As a result, the share of the flexurally hard GRP support layer increased on armor protection. Because this material is very the total price of the additional armor was also expensive considerably increased. It was also shown that the increased Impact loads on the GRP material in the penetration area and especially at a bulkhead arrangement was not completely without delamination, what eventually led to the multi-hit ability of overall protection from this Parameters and was no longer determined by the ceramic tile itself.

Starting from the aforementioned prior art, it is an object of the invention to: to create multi-layer armor protection material which is light, flexible and hard is inexpensive, with high loads and especially around the impact area practically not delaminated and can also destroy energy.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of patent claim 1 solved. Innovative developments and refinements as well as a special one Use are described in claims 2 to 6.

According to the patent claims, below is always the front layer below Understand the front armor layer that faces the threat side and a Breaking the hard core of a projectile or at least removing it Bullet tip causes.

In long and intensive series of tests, in which a large number of special and standard materials were tested for their ballistic suitability, it was found, completely surprisingly, that a synthetic resin pressed wood is suitable as a support layer in an unexpected manner. High-performance materials, for example carbon fiber composites (CFRP), which are very light with a density of approximately 1.55 g / cm ^{3, were} tested in the test series. As expected, these high-performance materials gave good performance values, they were resistant to bending and showed little delamination behavior. The decisive disadvantage, however, was the economic side of these high-performance materials, which are known to be very expensive. In contrast, the synthetic resin wood found is not only much cheaper, but has comparable ballistic and sometimes even higher performance values than CFRP and GFK and is also lighter.

The use of wood or resin molded wood the conventional Construction is state of the art and, for example, as armored wood or under the Delignit brand from Blomberger Holzindustrie GmbH & Co.KG has been known for years and is used in the usual material protection classes M1 to M5 are used, however only with very thick walls from 40 to 70 mm (DE-A-3 714 777 and brochure Delignit 10/92).

A multilayer arrangement of thick plywood and thin Stainless steel combined with nylon or polyester mesh is in GB-A-2 191 147 as a protective arrangement (total thickness 160 mm) from Buildings.

US-A-4 567 100 (see the preamble of claim 1) discloses a ballistic resistant Layer structure with an outer thin steel plate and a massive thick hardwood layer arranged behind it. Only this hardwood layer is followed by the ballistically effective one Layering made of polycarbonate (PC) and thin armor steel. The Finally, a thin sheet of steel is used as cladding. The wood is in this arrangement before the ballistic one Layer arranged and contributes to ballistic resistance when at all, only very subordinate to. The wood with a thickness of approx. 38 mm in connection with the outer skin alone the function of the mechanical and thermal resistance against Burglary tools (cutting, welding).

BE-A-0 504 020 is an armor plate against projectiles described, which made of wood fibers or layered wood foils (Veneers) is formed. The wood fibers or alternatively the Veneers are made using formaldehyde (chipboard) or Phenolic resin to a plate with a density between 1.2 and 1.4 g / ccm compressed. Furthermore, this wooden panel can at least have a metallic reinforcement. This publication However, there are no indications of the layer structure in the individual and no thickness dimensions can be found. Furthermore are not statements about a multi-layer material structure and the ballistic properties of the armor plate made.

In US-A-4 404 889 is a mixed multilayer structure for mine protection of armored vehicles (vehicle floor). On the inner steel plate (10 = vehicle floor inner wall) closes an approx. 13 mn thick layer of balsa wood (12) followed by a very thin steel foil (14), a Kevlar layer (16) from 13 to 19 mm, another thin steel foil (18), a honeycomb structure (20) made of steel and one outer steel plate (22). The attacking side is therefore the one outer steel plate (20). When the mine detonates under the outer steel plate (20) is deformed on the vehicle floor, the honeycomb, kevlar and balsa wood sandwich bottom the absorption of the blast effect from the explosive through plastic Deformation takes over. The description expressly on the high specific absorption capacity of the balsa wood pointed out and also that the selected thickness is still considered is to be viewed experimentally. This layer of wood in the multi-layer structure therefore only serves to dampen the shock load as a result of a mine explosion.

The synthetic resin pressed wood used consists of beech wood veneers, which are bonded with hardenable synthetic resins under pressure and heat are. A cross-layered, highly compressed synthetic resin pressed wood (LIG plate) proven, which impregnated with phenolic resin in a vacuum process was.

The synthetic resin pressed wood has a density between 1.3 and 1.4 g / ccm. The water absorption is equal to or less than 0.5% very low, which is why this material does not swell either.

Through the impregnation of the synthetic resin pressed wood, the open Pores in the wood are filled with resin, which is quite obvious leads to the unusual ballistic properties. Because the material found offers high dynamic loads a very high displacement resistance, since it is in the Contrary to the usual wood materials in the pore area can be further compressed. The displacement work done is thus high and explains the good ballistic test results.

The LIG plate made of cross-layered, high-density resin molded wood practically does not delaminate in the impact zone more because it has very hard, brittle properties and therefore with the high dynamic loads because of their very hard structure and because of the impregnation with resin only in direct impact area breaks. Already immediately around the zone destroyed by bombardment, the material remains completely intact and has no signs of delamination.

Due to the low density of the resin molded wood, the Thickness of the LIG plate compared to a weight-equal hard GRP plate can be increased accordingly, thereby reducing the Flexural rigidity of the support layer is generally increased. This leads among other things to the fact that the ceramic tiles in the impact can no longer dive, which in turn is a clear one Improvement in the bullet resistance in the joint area of the ceramic tile composite causes. This makes the composite material according to the invention (Composite) also insensitive to ceramic tile shapes and the laying pattern.

Due to the optimal support effect of the LIG plate, the Performance of the ceramic compared to the armor-piercing Ammunition can be greatly improved. The thickness of the ceramic tiles could in relation to a comparable ceramic-GRP composite can be reduced without loss of performance or it increased clearly the limit speed v50 with the same thickness. Further The dimensions of the ceramic tiles can be another advantage compared to the bulletproof plate material DE 41 14 809 A1 can be enlarged without any loss comes in the multi-hit ability.

A LIG plate in the arrangement and construction according to the invention costs compared to a comparable hard GRP support layer, based on an equal weight, only about 30% of the price of one GRP panel.

A number of ceramic composite panels were used with the material according to the invention for a wide range of protection classes manufactured and tested with a variety of protective structures. Here were using different ceramic tiles Adhesives, including with adhesive films according to DE 41 14 809 A1, connected to the LIG plate. Also showed here that the performance of a composite material of the invention Design relatively small due to changes (material, Adhesive thickness) affected by the different adhesives becomes.

There were different configurations with different ones Ammunition types in different caliber ranges, under others with 7.62 mm SmK, .50 mm DM 13 and 14.5 mm B 32 (AP ammunition), with comparable soft core ammunition and standard fragments (FSP) tested up to 20 mm. The fire showed basically that the support function of the synthetic resin pressed wood according to the invention for the ceramic tiles at least as good is like an equally thick, optimized and hard GRP panel. The multi-hit capability of the new composite material was however significantly improved. One can assume that the permitted hit distances compared to an optimized Ceramic-GFK and / or aramid composite of the usual and so far let the known design cut in half.

The support layer according to the invention can not only be use as a support plate for a ceramic layer in the composite, but it is also very effective as a backing layer a thin, hard hard steel sheet or as Layer material between two armored steel sheets.

According to the features of the invention, it can further be provided that that behind the LIG plate is a thin layer of plastic or metal to stabilize the rear side of the resin molded wood is attached, so as to flake off the brittle Avoid wood-based materials. This measure is special advantageous if too with high shock or impact loads is to calculate how it is, for example, with soft core ammunition or with norm splinters.

In a further development of the invention can also behind the LIG plate a catch layer made of plastic or metal materials is arranged be so that a composite panel of this type as a single element can be used in armor protection.

Basically there is for the use of the LIG plate with Armor protection no restrictions, that is, the results apply both to protective structures that only consist of one protective plate (Composite) consist of, as well as for mixed structures Composite with subsequent, thin tub structure (armored steel or aluminum), with the composite panels directly on the Trough plate of an armored vehicle placed on or in bulkhead spacing can be attached.

Figur 1

den Aufbau eines mehrschichtigen Panzerschutzmaterials in vereinfachter Schnittdarstellung;

Figur 2

das mehrschichtige Panzerschutzmaterial nach Figur 1 mit Stabilisierungsschicht im Schnitt;

Figur 3

das mehrschichtige Panzerschutzmaterial nach Figur 1 mit einer Fangschicht im Schnitt;

Figur 4

eine Panzerung mit nachgeschalteter Stützschicht im Schnitt;

Figur 5

eine Sandwichpanzerung mit Stützschicht im Schnitt;

Figur 6

eine Panzerung mit nachgeschalteter Stützschicht und Stabilisierungsschicht im Schnitt;

Figur 7

die Panzerung nach Figur 1 im Einsatz auf einem Fahrzeugwannen- oder Turmblech im Schnitt;

Figur 8

eine Panzerung mit Stützschicht in Schottanordnung an einem Fahrzeugwannenblech im Schnitt.

Examples of the invention are shown in the drawing. In it show:

Figure 1

the construction of a multi-layer armor protection material in a simplified sectional view;

Figure 2

the multi-layer armor protection material according to Figure 1 with stabilizing layer in section;

Figure 3

the multi-layer armor protection material of Figure 1 with a catch layer in section;

Figure 4

an armor with a downstream support layer on average;

Figure 5

a sandwich armor with a support layer in section;

Figure 6

armor with a downstream support layer and stabilization layer on average;

Figure 7

the armor of Figure 1 in use on a vehicle hull or tower sheet in section;

Figure 8

an armor with a support layer in bulkhead arrangement on a vehicle trough plate in section.

The sectional view of Figure 1 shows a multi-layer Armor protection material 13 with a front layer 1 made of metal or ceramics. With the interposition of an adhesive layer or Adhesive film 5 is on the rear side of the front layer 1 the support layer 2 made of a synthetic resin pressed wood (so-called LIG plate) attached. The support layer 2 synthetic resin is made of cross-layered beech wood veneers formed, highly compressed and additionally impregnated with phenolic resin in a vacuum process. On the side opposite the support layer 2 is on the Front layer 1 in turn with the interposition of an adhesive layer or adhesive film 4 a cover layer 3 attached. This top layer 3 is the landing approaching in the direction of arrow 14 facing.

The front layer 1 has a thickness in the example shown between six and eight millimeters, while the support layer 2 is about six millimeters thick. The front cover layer 3 has a thickness of about one to two millimeters. The adhesive layers 4 and 5 are about 0.3 millimeters thick.

One on the front layer 1, for example made of ceramic exists, impinging projectile (hard core projectile) penetrates the top layer 3 and also the front layer 1, the hard support layer 2 (LIG plate) does not bend. That means, that the projectile also penetrate this support layer 2 got to. Through the hard-supported front layer 1 takes place next to one first effective energy destruction of the projectile breaking the hard core or at least removing the Bullet tip. Since the support layer 2 only in the direct impact area is penetrated and no longer tears or splinters or peels off, the front layer 1 is also advantageous supported. This will make larger bullet craters or more adjacent bullet craters avoided, so that subsequent Splinters or blasted pieces of the armor cannot penetrate.

In the example of Figure 2 is the multi-layer armor protection material 13 through a stabilizing layer 7 behind the support layer 2 added. The stabilization layer 7 is again by means of an adhesive layer 6 with the support layer 2 connected and serves the purpose of chipping off the brittle wood material largely avoided. The stabilization layer 7 consists of a plastic or metal. With this simple Additional measure makes the support layer 2 effectively straight when shelling soft-core ammunition or when hitting it supported by standard splinters.

The multilayered armor protection material according to FIG. 3 is opposite the structure according to FIG. 1 supplemented by a catch layer 8, which with the interposition of an adhesive layer 6 with the back the support layer 2 is firmly connected. This trap layer 8 is made either made of plastic or metal and is basically softer than the very hard support layer 2. bei an impact of a hard core bullet on the armor protection material 13 from the direction of the arrow 14 becomes the front layer 1 and also penetrated the support layer 2. In the downstream Catch layer 8, the already braked floor is caught. This collection is due to partial deformation the catch layer 8 visible.

While in Figures 1 to 3, the front layer 1 made of ceramic tiles 15 was formed, the front layer 1 exists after Figure 4 made of armored steel sheet 9, by means of the adhesive layer or adhesive film 5 with the support layer connected downstream 2 is firmly connected.

FIG. 5 shows a further combination of a structure of the multilayer Armor protection material 13. On the back of the Composite of front layer 1 (9) and support layer 2 according to the figure 5 is a further armored steel plate 10 by means of the adhesive layer 6 attached. The two armored steel plates 9 and 10 can be of the same or different thickness be what arises from the expected circumstances / threats for the specialist.

FIG. 6 again discloses the use of a stabilization layer 7 behind the support layer 2 in the case of a front layer 1 from steel sheet 9.

The functions in the armor protection materials shown in Figures 4 to 6 1 correspond to the explanations for the figures 1 to 3. The main difference is only in the choice of different materials for the front layer 1, by the specialist based on different criteria, for example, threat, weight, economy, and the like to be chosen.

A special application of a multi-layer armor protection material 13 reveals Figure 7. The armor protection material 13 has here the structure of Figure 1 with the top layer 3, the front layer 1 made of ceramic tiles 15 and the support layer 2 Resin pressed wood. Between the individual layers of the network are adhesive films or adhesive layers 4 and 5, respectively used. The backing of the support layer 2 is on Vehicle trough plate 11 or a turret plate of an armored Vehicle by mechanical means, such as screws or the like attached. Instead of the illustrated Front layer 1 made of ceramic tiles 15 is of course also a Armored steel sheet 9 according to FIGS. 4 to 6 can be used. Further are all other types of armor protection material 13 after Figures 2 to 6 in front of the vehicle trough plate 11 or Tower sheet can be built. Only the construction according to Figure 3 with the trapping layer 8 is not suitable or only poorly for mounting on the vehicle trough or tower plate 11.

If a bulkhead arrangement according to FIG. 8 is provided, then can be a multi-layer armor protection material 13 according to the figures 2, 5 and 6 are used, all after the support layer 2 a stabilizing layer 7 or an armored steel plate 10 have. Between the last stabilization layer 7 or the armored steel plate 10 is a spacer 12 inserted, which is on the vehicle hull or tower plate 11 supports.

Claims (6)

1. A multilayer armour plating material comprising an armour layer and a wood layer fixedly connected thereto, characterised in that the armour layer is in the form of a metal or ceramic front armour layer (1) which is towards the threat side (14) and behind which, facing away from the threat side, is arranged a wood layer which is in the form of a synthetic resin-compressed wood layer (2) and which is formed from wood plies which are layered in longitudinal, cross, star or the like configuration and which are impregnated with synthetic resin in a vacuum process and glued with hardenable synthetic resins under pressure and heat, wherein the synthetic resin-compressed wood layer (2) is of the same or a smaller thickness than the front armour layer (1).
2. A multilayer armour plating material according to claim 1 characterised in that a cover layer (3) of rubber, metal or plastics material is fixedly mounted on to the ceramic front armour layer (1) by means of adhesives (4).
3. A multilayer armour plating material according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterised in that a further layer (7. 8) is fixedly associated by suitable bonding agents (6) with the synthetic resin-compressed wood layer (2) on the side remote from the front armour layer (1).
4. A multilayer armour plating material according to claim 3 characterised in that the further layer (7, 8) comprises a metal or non-metal material, in particular an armour steel plate, a Dural material, a titanium alloy, a GRP, an aramid laminate or the like.
5. A multilayer armour plating material according to claim 1 characterised in that the front armour layer (1, 9) and the further layer (10) comprise armour steel plate.
6. Use of a multilayer armour plating material according to the preceding claims characterised in that it is fixed selectively directly or at a spacing (bulkhead) relative to the outside wall of a vehicle.

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