DE102017126952A1 - Leak detection by adsorber - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for safely performing a left-handed thermodynamic Clausius-Rankine cycle process by means of an inflammable working fluid which is heavier than air in the gaseous state under atmospheric conditions and is guided in a closed, hermetically sealed working fluid circulation, comprising at least one compressor for working fluid, at least an expansion device for working fluid, at least two heat exchangers for working fluid, each with at least two connections for heat transfer fluids, a closed housing, which includes all connected to the closed working fluid circuit facilities and may include other facilities, the housing can taper in the lower part, at the bottom of the Housing a fluid stream is sucked out of the housing interior, this fluid flow is passed through an adsorber, in which an adsorbent is flowed through, whichever Adsorber is held by a measuring device that measures the weight of the adsorber, and the measuring device outputs a leakage signal when a weight increase.

Description

The invention relates to irregular conditions in refrigeration circuits, in which a working fluid acting as a refrigerant is conducted in a thermodynamic cycle, such as the Rankine cycle. These are mainly heat pumps, air conditioners and refrigerators, as they are used in residential buildings. Residential buildings are understood to mean private houses, rental housing complexes, hospitals, hotel complexes, restaurants and combined residential and commercial buildings in which people live and work permanently, in contrast to mobile devices such as car air conditioners or transport boxes, or even industrial equipment or medical devices. What they all have in common is that they use energy to generate useful heat or useful cooling and form heat-transfer systems.

The used thermodynamic cycles have long been known, as well as the safety problems that can arise when using suitable working fluids. Apart from water, the best known working fluids at the time are combustible and poisonous. In the past century, they led to the development of safety refrigerants consisting of fluorinated hydrocarbons. However, it turned out that these safety refrigerants damage the ozone layer, lead to global warming, and that their safety-related harmlessness led to constructive inattentiveness. Up to 70% of the turnover was accounted for by the refill demand of leaking equipment and its leakage losses, which was accepted as long as this was considered economically justifiable in individual cases and promoted the need for replacement procurement.

The use of these refrigerants was therefore subject to restrictions, in the European Union, for example, by the F-Gas Regulation (EU) 517/2014.

• - Im Normalbetrieb muss die Anlage absolut dicht sein.
• - Weder bei einer Leckage im Kondensator noch bei einer Leckage im Verflüssiger darf Arbeitsfluid in den gekoppelten Nutzwärme- oder Nutzkältekreislauf gelangen.
• - Es darf kein Arbeitsfluid aus dem Kältekreislauf unbemerkt entweichen können.
• - Im Verdichter darf das Arbeitsfluid nicht durch die Lagerung entweichen.
• - Im Entspannungssystem darf das Arbeitsfluid nicht durch den Ventilsitz diffundieren oder durch Kavitation zu Leckagen führen.
• - Gekapselte Teile müssen für Wartungs- und Kontrollzwecke zugänglich bleiben.
• - In Notfällen dürfen sich keine Gefahren einstellen.
• - Die Anlage soll in vorhandene Räumlichkeiten integrierbar sein
• - Das Kältemittel soll abgelassen und eingefüllt werden können.

On the one hand, therefore, it is extremely problematic to adopt the constructive principles for refrigerant-carrying thermodynamic processes, which have proven to work well in safety refrigerants, and, secondly, to set up the system concepts from the time before the introduction of safety refrigerants. This is also due to the fact that in the meantime individual devices have become complex systems, which has multiplied the number of possibilities for disturbances and their consequences. This results, for example, in the following requirements for the security concept:

• - In normal operation, the system must be absolutely leakproof.
• - Neither in the case of a leakage in the condenser nor in the case of a leak in the condenser may working fluid enter the coupled useful heat or useful refrigeration cycle.
• - No working fluid must escape from the refrigeration cycle unnoticed.
• - In the compressor, the working fluid must not escape through storage.
• - In the expansion system, the working fluid must not diffuse through the valve seat or lead to leaks due to cavitation.
• - Encapsulated parts must remain accessible for maintenance and control purposes.
• - In emergencies, no hazards may occur.
• - The system should be integrable into existing premises
• - The refrigerant should be drained and filled.

The concept of emergency needs to be widely seen. Power failures, earthquakes, landslides, floods, fires, technical faults and climatic extremes are possible. If the systems are operated in a network, a power failure or a network fault must also be regarded as an emergency. The device should be inherently safe against such hazards or interference. But also a failure of the available primary energy can justify an emergency and must not lead to a danger development. All these emergencies can also occur in combination.

• - Haushaltskühlschränke,
• - Haushaltsgefrierschränke,
• - Haushaltstrockner,
• - Haushaltskühl-Gefrierkombinationen,
• - Kühlkammern für Hotel- und Gastronomie,
• - Gefrierkammern für Hotel- und Gastronomie,
• - Klimaanlage für Haus, Hotel- und Gastronomie,
• - Warmwassererzeugung für Haus, Hotel- und Gastronomie,
• - Beheizung für Haus, Hotel- und Gastronomie,
• - Sauna-Schwimmbadanlagen für Haus, Hotel- und Gastronomie,
• - Kombinierte Anlagen für die oben genannten Anwendungen,

wobei diese Aufzählung nicht vollständig ist.Here, the different types and applications for such thermodynamic cycles have to be considered separately, for stationary systems for residential buildings, for example, the following:

• - household refrigerators,
• - Household freezers,
• - household dryer,
• - Household fridge-freezers,
• - cooling chambers for hotels and restaurants,
• - freezer rooms for hotels and restaurants,
• - air conditioning for the house, hotel and gastronomy,
• - hot water production for the house, hotel and gastronomy,
• - heating for house, hotel and gastronomy,
• - Sauna swimming pool systems for the home, hotel and gastronomy,
• - Combined equipment for the above applications,

this enumeration is not complete.

• - Erdwärme aus Erdwärmespeichern,
• - Geothermische Wärme,
• - Fernwärme,
• - Elektrische Energie aus allgemeiner Stromversorgung,
• - Elektrische Solarenergie,
• - Solarwärme,
• - Abwärme,
• - Warmwasserspeicher,
• - Eisspeicher,
• - Latentwärmespeicher,
• - Fossile Energieträger wie Erdgas, Erdöl, Kohle,
• - Nachwachsende Rohstoffe wie Holz, Pellets, Biogas,
• - Kombinationen aus den oben genannten Energiequellen,

wobei auch diese Aufzählung nicht vollständig ist.The energy for the operation of the plants including the heat energy to be shifted can come from different sources:

• - geothermal energy from geothermal energy storage,
• - geothermal heat,
• - district heating,
• - electrical energy from general electricity supply,
• - electric solar energy,
• - solar heat,
• - waste heat,
• - hot water tank,
• - ice storage,
• - latent heat storage,
• - Fossil fuels such as natural gas, oil, coal,
• - Renewable resources such as wood, pellets, biogas,
• - Combinations of the above energy sources,

although this enumeration is not complete.

The problems encountered in the safety design of such systems are described in the WO 2015/032905 A1 clearly described. Thus, the lower ignition limit of propane as working fluid is about 1.7 percent by volume in air, which corresponds to 38 g / m ³ in air .. If the cooling process in a surrounding, hermetically sealed, but otherwise air-filled space with the working fluid propane is performed , the problem arises of recognizing a critical, explosive situation after a disturbance in which the working fluid escapes into this hermetically sealed space. Electric sensors for the detection of critical concentrations are difficult to perform explosion-proof, therefore, especially the propane detection by the sensors themselves significantly increases the risk of explosion, with the exception of infrared sensors. Propane is also poisonous, with inhalation above a concentration of about 2 g / m ³ narcotic effects, headache and nausea occur. This applies to persons who are supposed to solve a recognized problem on site, even before the risk of explosion.

Propane is also heavier than air, so sinks in still air on the ground and accumulates there. So if a part of the propane in a flow-poor zone of the closed space in which the disturbed unit is collect, the local explosion limits can be achieved much faster than can be expected from the quotient of total volume of volume to leaked amount of propane. The WO 2015/032905 A1 seeks to solve this problem by an electric current generator in the opening or its interlocking this space is integrated and when actuated in a first step generates and provides the electrical energy with which the sensor is activated, and in the event of an alarm Lock then does not release, but causes a ventilation of the enclosed space, and only in a second step, an unlocking and opening allows.

From the very beginning of compression refrigeration technology, an attempt was made to create a closed space where all the equipment could be safely stored and completely enveloped. The DE-PS 553 295 describes an enclosed compression refrigeration machine in which the refrigerant compressor 1 , its drive motor 2 , Evaporator 3 , Liquefier 4 and control valve 5 in a double-walled capsule 6 or. 7 are included. In the space between the double-walled capsule, a negative pressure is created and leaks, which could occur at the openings for cooling water and brine, sucked. The aspirated working fluid can subsequently be recovered if necessary. It should be noted that there is no ambient air within the encapsulated space and due to the negative pressure in the double jacket also can not penetrate into the encapsulated interior.

The DE 10 2011 116 863 A1 describes a method for securing a device for a thermodynamic cycle, which is operated with a process fluid containing or consisting of at least one environmentally hazardous, toxic and / or inflammatory substance. In the event of a leak in the thermodynamic cycle apparatus, an adsorbent is contacted with the process fluid, particularly ammonia, propane or propene, and the substance is selectively bound by the adsorbent. The adsorbent is regenerated after use. As adsorbent zeolite, also in combination with imidazole or phosphates, further CuBTC proposed, the adsorbent may be provided in the form of a bed, a shaped body, a paint, a spray film or a coating. The support structure of the molding may consist of microstructure, lamellar structure, tube bundle, pipe register and sheet metal and must be mechanically stable and strong surface enlarging. A circulation of the potentially contaminated air is usually continuous, but can also be initiated by a sensor that turns on the ventilation after reaching a threshold value or in the event of a detected accident. The adsorption can be carried out inside or outside a closed space.

The DE 195 26 980 A1 describes an apparatus and method for cleaning closed space air having gaseous contamination. Once the contaminant is detected by a gas sensor, it controls a compressor which directs the air through an absorber in that space, thereby absorbing the contaminant. The cleaned air leaves the absorber in the closed room.

The DE 195 25 064 C1 describes a refrigerator with a gas-tight housing, which accommodates all refrigerant-carrying components of the machine, a space connecting the interior of the gas-tight housing with an outlet space is provided, and the space is filled with a refrigerant sorbing substance. The amount of sorbent material is dimensioned so that the entire amount of any escaping refrigerant can be absorbed and kept away from the environment. The space filled with the sorbent material is open to the environment. For refrigerants that are heavier than air, the space is open at the bottom, for those that are lighter, it is open at the top, so that a delivery fan is not required. The sorbent is introduced into the housing and encloses the chiller and the refrigerant-carrying facilities completely. On its way out, baffles are provided to prevent short circuit currents and force escaping gas through the sorbent. A double-walled embodiment in which the sorbent is arranged in the double jacket is also possible. At the exit of the space filled with the sorbent substance to the environment, a measuring device for refrigerant can be provided.

The EP 3 106 780 A1 describes a heat pump system housed in a binder lined airtight housing. Within this housing, an adsorption unit can be arranged with a forced ventilation, which cleans the air in the housing in recirculation mode. This recirculation mode can be continuous or only in case of failure or at regular intervals. Downstream of this sorption stage, a pilot burner, a pilot flame, a catalytic burner or a heating wire can be arranged, which burns possibly residual combustible impurities. Also conceivable is a fresh air supply in connection with the discharge of purified exhaust air.

• - Montagefreundlichkeit: Im Falle von Modernisierungen von alten Heizungsanlagen müssen die neu zu installierenden Vorrichtungen zerlegbar und transportabel sein. Beispielsweise müssen sie über Kellertreppen und in verwinkelte und niedrige Kellerräume verbracht werden können. Zusammenbau, Inbetriebnahme und Wartung müssen ohne großen Aufwand vor Ort möglich sein. Dies schließt große und schwere Druckbehälter weitgehend aus, ferner Systeme, die nach einer Havarie nicht mehr demontierbar sind.
• - Diagnosefreundlichkeit: Die Betriebszustände sollten von außen gut erkennbar sein, dies betrifft die Sichtbarkeit und Prüfbarkeit bezüglich möglicher Leckagen und schließt den Füllstand des Arbeitsfluids sowie den Befüllungsgrad ggf. eingebrachter Sorbentien ein.
• - Wartungsfreundlichkeit: Systemdiagnosen sollten ohne großen zusätzlichen Aufwand erfolgen können. Sicherheitsrelevante Systeme sollten regelmäßig getestet bzw. auf ihre Zuverlässigkeit geprüft werden können. Sofern Systemdiagnosen nicht einfach durchführbar sind, sollten möglicherweise belastete Teile leicht durch Neuteile austauschbar sein.
• - Ausfallsicherheit: Die System sollen einerseits gegen Störungen gesichert sein, gleichzeitig aber zuverlässig laufen können, wenigstens im Notbetrieb. Im Falle einer vorübergehenden externen Störung sollten die Systeme entweder selbstständig wieder anfahren oder ohne großen Aufwand wiederangefahren werden können.
• - Energieeffizienz: Die Anlagen sollen energetisch günstig betrieben werden können, ein hoher Eigenverbrauch an Energie für Sicherheitsmaßnahmen wirkt dem entgegen.
• - Robustheit: Im Falle größerer Störungen, seien sie extern oder systemintern aufgeprägt, muss die Beherrschbarkeit gewährleistet sein, dies betrifft z.B. Lüftungssysteme, die verstopfen können oder Druckbehälter, die unter Druck stehen oder heiß werden, etwa bei einem Brand.
• - Kosten: Die Sicherheitsmaßnahmen sollen weder bei den Anschaffungskosten noch bei den laufenden Kosten bedeutend sein und die Einsparungen bei den Energiekosten gegenüber herkömmlichen Systemen übersteigen. Sie sollen günstig sein.

The presented systems have so far had little success on the market. This can be attributed to the following reasons:

• - Easy to install: In the case of modernization of old heating systems, the devices to be newly installed must be dismountable and transportable. For example, they must be able to be passed through cellar stairs and into winding and low cellar rooms. Assembly, commissioning and maintenance must be possible on site with little effort. This largely excludes large and heavy pressure vessels, and systems that can not be dismantled after an accident.
• - Diagnostic friendliness: The operating conditions should be easily recognizable from the outside, this concerns the visibility and testability regarding possible leaks and includes the level of the working fluid and the degree of filling of any incorporated sorbents.
• - Serviceability: System diagnostics should be able to be done without much extra effort. Security-relevant systems should be regularly tested or checked for reliability. If system diagnostics are not easy to perform, potentially contaminated parts should be easily interchangeable with new parts.
• - Resilience: The system should be both protected against interference, but at the same time be able to run reliably, at least in emergency mode. In the case of a temporary external fault, the systems should either restart automatically or be restarted without great effort.
• - Energy efficiency: The plants are to be operated at low energy cost, a high self-consumption of energy for security measures counteracts.
• - Robustness: In the case of major faults, external or intrinsic to the system, controllability must be ensured, eg ventilation systems that can clog or pressure vessels that are under pressure or become hot, such as during a fire.
• - Costs: The security measures should not be significant in terms of both initial cost and ongoing costs and should exceed the energy cost savings over traditional systems. They should be cheap.

The requirements are mutually exclusive and also create conflicting goals in large numbers. The object of the invention is therefore to resolve the conflicting goals and to provide a device which solves the problems presented safely.

• - mindestens einen Verdichter für Arbeitsfluid,
• - mindestens eine Entspannungseinrichtung für Arbeitsfluid,
• - mindestens zwei Wärmeübertrager für Arbeitsfluid mit jeweils mindestens zwei Anschlüssen für Wärmeüberträgerfluide,
• - ein geschlossenes Gehäuse, welches alle am geschlossenen Arbeitsfluidumlauf angeschlossenen Einrichtungen umfasst und weitere Einrichtungen umfassen kann, wobei
• - das Gehäuse im unteren Teil konisch zuläuft,
• - am unteren Ende des Konus ein Fluidstrom aus dem Gehäuseinneren abgesaugt wird,
• - dieser Fluidstrom durch einen Adsorber geleitet wird, in welchem ein Adsorbens durchströmt wird, welches etwaige Anteile des Fluidstroms an entzündlichem Arbeitsfluid adsorbiert,
• - der Adsorber von einer Messvorrichtung gehalten wird, die das Gewicht des Adsorbers misst, und
• - die Messvorrichtung bei einem Gewichtsanstieg ein Leckagesignal ausgibt.

The invention solves this problem by a device for safely carrying out a left-handed thermodynamic Clausius-Rankine cycle process by means of an inflammable working fluid which is heavier than air in the gaseous state under atmospheric conditions and is guided in a closed, hermetically sealed working fluid circulation

• at least one compressor for working fluid,
• at least one expansion device for working fluid,
• at least two heat exchangers for working fluid, each having at least two connections for heat transfer fluids,
• - A closed housing, which includes all connected to the closed working fluid circuit facilities and may include other facilities, wherein
• - the housing tapers in the lower part,
• - A fluid stream is sucked out of the housing interior at the lower end of the cone,
• - This fluid flow is passed through an adsorber, in which an adsorbent is flowed through which adsorbs any portions of the fluid stream of flammable working fluid,
• - The adsorber is held by a measuring device that measures the weight of the adsorber, and
• - The measuring device outputs a leakage signal when a weight increase.

As heat transfer fluids are here all gaseous or liquid media to understand, with which heat is transferred, such as air, water, brine, heat transfer oils or the like.

Although the known adsorption devices are usually able to absorb small leakage losses, it still requires another reliable leak detection system in order to even determine if there is a leak and to what extent the adsorption device is already loaded with working fluid. This is particularly difficult with small leaks, which are the majority of leaks, because such leaks sometimes occur only in certain operating conditions and the loss of working fluid is very slow. It can sometimes take months for such a loss to be discovered because the performance of the system falls due to a lack of sufficient working fluid.

The measurement of weight and loading of the adsorber during operation is difficult and does not count to the available state of the art. If propane is used as the working fluid and activated carbon as the adsorbent, only small charges of propane on activated carbon must be expected for the low partial pressures that occur in the case of small internal air leakages. Absolute weight measurements are therefore higher weights, since they measure the activated charcoal and the apparatus enclosures, and those of weight differences are in the order of thousand. At the same time, the adsorption device must be firmly connected to lines which in turn do not allow leaks. Vibrations and temperature fluctuations further complicate the interpretation of the measurements.

In the present case, the measurement is preferably carried out so that the adsorber is suspended on a lever which is equipped with strain gauges. This device is referred to below as "measuring lever". Preferably, this measuring lever also serves as a fluid connection and is pronounced as a fluid-flow hollow profile. Its elasticity causes due to the bending strain of the strain gauges. When loaded with propane, the load causes the weight to be increased via the lever and thus to be more deflected due to the leverage effect.

In one embodiment of the invention, the lever contains the supply line and the return line to the adsorber. For example, for this purpose mutually parallel connected rectangular tubes serve, on the upper side of the strain gauges are applied.

The forced flow of the adsorber can be carried out continuously or within predetermined time slices by a conveyor fan, the conveyor fan can be arranged on the suction side or on the pressure side. It is advantageous if it does not have to be weighed. However, the problem then arises that the pressure loss caused by the flow through the adsorber in each case, the weight measurement influenced by the product of pressure loss and cross-sectional area causes a vertical force parallel to the force of gravity.

In a further embodiment of the invention it is therefore provided that the adsorber is flowed through horizontally. In this case, the flow resistance does not affect the weight of the adsorber, since the two forces are perpendicular to each other. The horizontal flow leaves Conveniently implement by a honeycomb construction of the adsorber.

In order to better detect an initial loading of working fluid such as propane, it is expedient to flow through the adsorber from back to front, wherein the directional information on the relative position to the lever on which the adsorber is suspended, and to which the strain gauges are located refers. The additional weight due to the initial load then acts with a larger lever.

If an initial charge is measured, it makes sense to increase the throughput through the adsorber. For this reason, a conveyor fan is provided in a further embodiment of the invention, which has at least one setting for a low flow rate and another setting for a higher flow rate.

To ensure that in such a case, the adsorption can be continued even during a power failure, it is provided in a further embodiment of the invention that the conveyor fan is connected to a battery that stores such a reserve energy amount that thus a contaminated air flow to the full Loading the adsorber can be promoted without the use of external energy through the adsorber.

In the case of a rapid adsorption due to a larger leakage is provided in a further embodiment of the invention that the adsorber is equipped with a latent heat storage, which can absorb the heat of adsorption in the case of rapid loading with refrigerant.

Depending on the size of the adsorber, it is possible to arrange the adsorber inside the housing or outside the housing. In the case of an arrangement outside the housing, sufficient fire protection is to be ensured since, for example, activated carbon loaded with propane is flammable. For other flammable working fluids and adsorbents, this applies analogously. In this case, it is provided that the adsorber is provided with an intumescent coating which protects the adsorber from the action of heat in the event of an external fire and thus reliably prevents desorption of the stored refrigerant or an accident of the adsorber.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the adsorber is designed as a replaceable cartridge, this is especially preferable when the adsorber is disposed within the housing.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the housing is designed in the lower part as a cone. Falling propane can be sucked so targeted, if the housing and its internals difficult circulation and diffusion.

• 1: eine Prinzipskizze eines außerhalb des Gehäuses angeordneten Adsorbers
• 2: eine Prinzipskizze eines innerhalb des Gehäuses angeordneten Adsorbers
• 3: eine konstruktive Möglichkeit des Hebels mit den Dehnmessstreifen auf der Zuführ- und Rückführleitung

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to three example sketches. Show

• 1 : A schematic diagram of an outside of the housing arranged adsorber
• 2 a schematic diagram of an arranged within the housing adsorber
• 3 : a constructive possibility of the lever with the strain gauges on the supply and return line

1 shows a schematic diagram of a refrigerant circuit 1 with a compressor 2 , a capacitor 3 , a pressure reduction 4 and an evaporator 5 in a closed housing 6 , The housing 6 has a heat source connection 7 , a heat source supply 8th , a heat sink lead 9 and a heat sink connection 10 , The refrigeration circuit 1 is in this example with the flammable working fluid propane, which also under the name R290 is known, operated. Propane is heavier than air, so it sinks in the event of a leak in the refrigerant circuit 1 tends to be in the housing 6 downward.

Because of this, the bottom of the case 6 as a collection funnel 11 executed. In this collection funnel 11 it must be neither an axisymmetric structure nor constructive to planar walls, all that is necessary is that the gas can sink down to a lowest point without turbulence.

There is a ventilation outlet 12 provided, in which the possibly existing air-propane mixture can be deducted. Constructively, this ventilation outlet is equipped with corresponding shut-off devices, not shown here, and usually connected with a flexible hose connected to the adsorber connection 13 of the adsorber 14 is connected. The ventilation outlet 12 is carried out so that no or only known and constant forces act on the Adsorberanschluss.

The adsorber 14 is typically double-walled. In the example shown, the incoming propane-air mixture is initially led in the outer space to one end, where a flow deflection 15 he follows. The propane-air mixture then enters the adsorber fixed bed 16 and flows through it in the opposite direction. Here, the propane is on the adsorber fixed bed, which can be designed as an activated carbon honeycomb body, deposited. The deposited propane leads at the place of deposition to a slight increase in weight due to the loading of the adsorber fixed bed.

The propane-deflated air enters the connection pipe 17 for the measuring device as the measuring lever 18 executed Adsorberaufhängung and is passed. The measuring lever is typically a thin-walled, flexible tube piece, preferably of a rectangular profile. On its top are strain gauges 19 attached, which provide a deflection proportional to this signal during deflection. The increase in weight of the adsorber fixed bed 16 provides an indication of a leak in this way, the rate of weight gain an indication of the size of the leak. At the same time, the adsorption reduces the propane content in the air, which prevents the ignitability of the propane-air mixture, which is an advantage of this leak detection method.

The measuring lever 18 is at a connection box 20 fixed, in turn, each a fixed bearing for vertical forces 21 and a fixed bearing for horizontal forces 22 having. The two fixed bearings are protected against vibrations and absorb the forces of the adsorber 14 on. Strain gauges can also be provided in the junction box to measure the torsion. Above the connection box is the fan 23 for the return 24 provided, the purified air in the top ventilation inlet 25 in the case 6 returns.

The entire adsorption and measuring device can have its own housing 26 which are enclosed with a fire-resistant lining 27 Is provided. This fire protection lining 27 For example, it may be an intumescent coating that foams in the case of an external heat source and shields the contents from heat for a while. Together with the double-walled version of the adsorber 14 can be prevented in case of fire, that is the loaded adsorber fixed bed 16 ignited, which is another advantage of this method.

For presentation in 1 It should be noted that this is not a true to scale representation. Depending on how much propane is to be separated or whether additional measures are provided for securing, the entire adsorption can be made relatively compact and typically occupies a volume of one to six liters, if a propane amount of about 50 grams should be separable.

2 shows a simplified representation of a construction of the adsorber within the housing 6 , Here is the adsorber 28 be executed without double walls and he also needs neither own fire protection nor a flow deflection. Instead, there is a suction port 29 near the lowest point of the housing and the extracted propane-air mixture is via flow straightener 30 directly into the adsorber fixed bed 16 initiated. The following structure is the in 1 the same, only the conveyor fan 23 vented directly into the interior of the housing.

3 shows a section through the measuring lever 18 and on the strain gauges attached to it 19 , By loading the measuring lever on bending, the strain gauge expands and emits a corresponding signal. Since the temperature can be different, the strain gauge should be temperature compensated.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

cooling circuit

2

compressor

3

capacitor

4

pressure reduction

5

Evaporator

6

casing

7

Heat source connection

8th

Brine flow

9

Heat sinks Lead

10

Heat sinks port

11

hoppers

12

ventilation outlet

13

Adsorberanschluss

14

adsorber

15

flow deflection

16

Adsorberfestbett

17

Connecting piece for measuring device

18

measuring lever

19

Strain

20

junction

21

Fixed bearing vertical forces

22

Fixed bearing horizontal forces

23

Fan

24

return

25

air intake

26

casing

27

Fire protection lining

28

adsorber

29

suction

30

Flow straightener

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• WO 2015/032905 A1 [0008, 0009]
• DE 553295 [0010]
• DE 102011116863 A1 [0011]
• DE 19526980 A1 [0012]
• DE 19525064 C1 [0013]
• EP 3106780 A1 [0014]

Claims (15)

Device for the safe performance of a left-handed thermodynamic Rankine Rank cycle (1) by means of an inflammable working fluid which is heavier than air in the gaseous state under atmospheric conditions and is guided in a closed, hermetically sealed working fluid circulation, comprising - at least one compressor (2) for Working fluid, - at least one expansion device (4) for working fluid, - at least two heat exchangers (3, 5) for working fluid, each having at least two terminals (7, 8, 9, 10) for heat transfer fluids, - a closed housing (6), all comprises devices connected to the closed working fluid circuit and may comprise further devices, characterized in that - at the lower end of the housing, a fluid stream is sucked out of the housing interior, - this fluid flow is passed through an adsorber (14), in which an adsorbent flows through which any A Adsorber of a measuring device (18) is held, which measures the weight of the adsorber (14), and - the measuring device outputs a leakage signal when a weight increase. Device after Claim 1 , characterized in that the adsorber has a fixed bed (16) and is flowed through horizontally. Device according to one of Claims 1 or 2 , characterized in that the adsorber (14) is suspended on a flexible lever (18) provided with strain gauges (19). Device according to one of Claims 1 to 3 , characterized in that the flexible lever simultaneously serves as a fluid connection and is formed as a fluid-flow hollow profile. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 4 , characterized in that the flexible lever (18) side by side contains both the supply line and the return line to the adsorber (14). Device according to one of Claims 1 to 5 , characterized in that a delivery fan (23) is provided which has at least one setting for a low flow rate and a further setting for a higher flow rate. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 6 , characterized in that the conveying blower (23) is connected to a battery which stores such a reserve energy, that thus a contaminated air flow can be promoted until the adsorber is fully charged without the use of external energy by the adsorber (14). Device according to one of Claims 6 or 7 , characterized in that the conveying fan (23) constantly applied to the adsorber (14) with a small air flow and switches after applying a leakage signal to a higher flow rate. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 8th , characterized in that the adsorber (14) is equipped with a latent heat storage, which can absorb the heat of adsorption in the case of rapid loading with refrigerant. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 8th , characterized in that the adsorber (14) within the housing (6), which comprises all connected to the closed working fluid circulation means is arranged. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 8th , characterized in that the adsorber (14) outside of the housing (6), which comprises all connected to the closed working fluid circulation means is arranged. Device after Claim 11 , characterized in that the adsorber is double-walled and the inflowing fluid first flows through the outer cavity and then in the interior through the fixed bed (16) is passed. Device according to one of Claims 11 or 12 , characterized in that the adsorber is provided with an intumescent coating which protects the adsorber from the action of heat in the event of an external fire and thus prevents desorption of the stored refrigerant. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 13 , characterized in that the adsorber (14) is designed as a replaceable cartridge. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 14 , characterized in that the housing in the lower part (11) tapers,

Images