DE102019114738A1 - Fluid adsorption - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for the safe implementation of a counterclockwise thermodynamic cycle (1) by means of an inflammable working fluid, which is guided in a closed, hermetically sealed working fluid circuit, having at least one compressor (2) for working fluid, at least one expansion device (4) for working fluid, at least two heat exchangers ( 3, 5) for working fluid, each with at least two connections (7, 8, 9, 10) for heat transfer fluids, an inner housing (6) which includes all devices connected to the closed working fluid circuit and can include further devices, at least one external adsorber ( 12), with at least one outer adsorber (12) being arranged outside the housing, which directly adjoins the inner housing (6) and covers at least one side of the inner housing (6) and is connected to it, the outer adsorber ( 12) both an adsorbent for flammable gas flowing through with working fluid and mi nd has at least one absorbent for structure-borne sound and air-borne sound, the inner housing (6) has at least one opening for gas and, following this opening, an inflow area (14) for gas into the outer adsorber (12), the outer adsorber (12) ) has a non-closable outlet opening (15) for gas.

Description

The invention relates to irregular states in refrigeration circuits in which a working fluid acting as a refrigerant is conducted in a thermodynamic cycle, such as the Rankine cycle, for example. These are mainly heat pumps, air conditioning systems and cooling devices, as are common in residential buildings. Residential buildings are understood to mean private houses, apartment complexes, hospitals, hotel facilities, restaurants and combined residential and commercial buildings in which people live and work permanently, in contrast to mobile devices such as car air conditioning systems or transport boxes, or industrial systems or medical devices. What these cycle processes have in common is that they generate useful heat or useful cooling using energy and form heat displacement systems.

The thermodynamic cycle processes used have been known for a long time, as have the safety problems that can arise when using suitable working fluids. Apart from water, the most popular working fluids of the time are flammable and poisonous. In the past century, they led to the development of safety refrigerants, which consisted of fluorinated hydrocarbons. However, it was found that these safety refrigerants damage the ozone layer, lead to global warming, and that their safety-related harmlessness led to constructive inattention. Up to 70% of the turnover was accounted for by the need to refill leaky systems and their leakage losses, which was accepted as long as this was perceived as economically justifiable in individual cases and encouraged the need for replacement.

For this reason, the use of these refrigerants was subject to restrictions, for example in the European Union through the F-gas regulation (EU) 517/2014.

• - Im Normalbetrieb muss die Anlage absolut dicht sein.
• - Weder bei einer Leckage im Kondensator bzw. Verflüssiger noch bei einer Leckage im Verdampfer darf Arbeitsfluid in den gekoppelten Nutzwärme- oder Nutzkältekreislauf gelangen.
• - Es darf kein Arbeitsfluid aus dem Kältekreislauf unbemerkt entweichen können.
• - Im Verdichter darf das Arbeitsfluid nicht durch die Lagerung entweichen.
• - Im Entspannungssystem darf das Arbeitsfluid nicht durch den Ventilsitz diffundieren oder durch Kavitation zu Leckagen führen.
• - Gekapselte Teile müssen für Wartungs- und Kontrollzwecke zugänglich bleiben.
• - In Notfällen dürfen sich keine Gefahren einstellen.
• - Die Anlage soll in vorhandene Räumlichkeiten integrierbar sein
• - Das Kältemittel soll abgelassen und eingefüllt werden können.

It is therefore extremely problematic, on the one hand, to adopt the design principles for refrigerant-carrying thermodynamic processes, which have apparently proven themselves well with safety refrigerants, and, on the other hand, to use the system concepts from the time before the introduction of the safety refrigerants. This is also due to the fact that individual devices have now become complex systems, which has multiplied the number of possibilities for malfunctions and their consequences. This results in the following requirements for the safety concept, for example:

• - In normal operation, the system must be absolutely tight.
• - Neither in the event of a leak in the condenser or condenser nor in the event of a leak in the evaporator, working fluid may not enter the coupled useful heat or useful cooling circuit.
• - No working fluid must be able to escape unnoticed from the cooling circuit.
• - The working fluid in the compressor must not escape through the storage.
• - In the expansion system, the working fluid must not diffuse through the valve seat or cause leaks due to cavitation.
• - Encapsulated parts must remain accessible for maintenance and control purposes.
• - In emergencies there must be no danger.
• - It should be possible to integrate the system into existing rooms
• - It should be possible to drain and fill the refrigerant.

The concept of emergency must be seen broadly. Power outages, earthquakes, landslides, floods, fires, technical errors and extreme climatic conditions are conceivable. If the systems are operated in a network, a power failure or a power failure is also to be regarded as an emergency. The device should be inherently safe against such dangers or faults. But even a failure of the available primary energy can justify an emergency and must not result in a development of danger. All of these emergencies can also occur in combination.

• - Haushaltskühlschränke,
• - Haushaltsgefrierschränke,
• - Haushaltstrockner,
• - Haushaltskühl-Gefrierkombinationen,
• - Kühlkammern für Hotel- und Gastronomie,
• - Gefrierkammern für Hotel- und Gastronomie,
• - Klimaanlage für Haus, Hotel- und Gastronomie,
• - Warmwassererzeugung für Haus, Hotel- und Gastronomie,
• - Beheizung für Haus, Hotel- und Gastronomie,
• - Sauna-Schwimmbadanlagen für Haus, Hotel- und Gastronomie,
• - Kombinierte Anlagen für die oben genannten Anwendungen,

wobei diese Aufzählung nicht vollständig ist.Here, the various designs and applications for such thermodynamic cycle processes must be considered separately, for example the following for fixed systems for residential buildings:

• - household refrigerators,
• - household freezers,
• - household dryers,
• - household fridge-freezers,
• - cooling chambers for hotel and catering,
• - freezing chambers for hotel and catering,
• - Air conditioning for home, hotel and catering,
• - hot water generation for home, hotel and catering,
• - heating for home, hotel and catering,
• - Sauna swimming pool systems for home, hotel and catering,
• - Combined systems for the above-mentioned applications,

although this list is not exhaustive.

• - Erdwärme aus Erdwärmespeichern,
• - Geothermische Wärme,
• - Fernwärme,
• - Elektrische Energie aus allgemeiner Stromversorgung,
• - Elektrische Solarenergie,
• - Solarwärme,
• - Abwärme,
• - Warmwasserspeicher,
• - Eisspeicher,
• - Latentwärmespeicher,
• - Fossile Energieträger wie Erdgas, Erdöl, Kohle,
• - Nachwachsende Rohstoffe wie Holz, Pellets, Biogas,
• - Außenluft,
• - Kombinationen aus den oben genannten Energiequellen,

wobei auch diese Aufzählung nicht vollständig ist.The energy for operating the systems, including the thermal energy to be shifted, can come from various sources:

• - geothermal energy from geothermal storage,
• - geothermal heat,
• - district heating,
• - Electrical energy from general power supply,
• - Electric solar energy,
• - solar heat,
• - waste heat,
• - hot water tank,
• - ice storage,
• - latent heat storage,
• - Fossil fuels such as natural gas, oil, coal,
• - Renewable raw materials such as wood, pellets, biogas,
• - outside air,
• - combinations of the above energy sources,

although this list is not complete either.

The problems that arise in the safety design of such systems are in the WO 2015/032905 A1 clearly described. The lower ignition limit of propane as a working fluid is around 1.7 percent by volume in air, which corresponds to 38 g / m ³ in air. If the refrigeration process is carried out in a surrounding, hermetically sealed, but otherwise air-filled space with the working fluid propane, the problem of recognizing a critical, explosive situation arises after a fault in which the working fluid escapes into this hermetically sealed space. Electrical sensors for detecting critical concentrations are difficult to design with explosion protection, which is why the propane detection by the sensors themselves increases the risk of explosion considerably, with the exception of infrared sensors. Propane is also poisonous; inhalation above a concentration of approx. 2 g / m ³ results in narcotic effects, headaches and nausea. This affects people who are supposed to solve a recognized problem on site before there is a risk of explosion.

Propane is also heavier than air, so in still air it sinks to the floor and collects there. So if part of the propane collects in a low-flow zone of the closed space in which the disturbed unit is located, the local explosion limits can be reached much faster than the quotient of the total volume of the space to the amount of propane that has escaped would lead to expect. The WO 2015/032905 A1 seeks to solve this problem by integrating a generator for electrical current into the opening or locking of this room and, when activated, in a first step generates and provides the electrical energy with which the sensor is activated, and in the event of an alarm the The lock then does not release, but causes ventilation of the locked room, and only allows unlocking and opening in a second step.

The DE 10 2011 116 863 A1 describes a method for securing a device for a thermodynamic cycle which is operated with a process fluid that contains or consists of at least one environmentally hazardous, toxic and / or inflammable substance. In the event of a leak in the device for a thermodynamic cycle, an adsorbent is brought into contact with the process fluid, in particular ammonia, propane or propene, and the substance is selectively bound by the adsorbent. The adsorbent is regenerated after use. Zeolite, also in combination with imidazole or phosphates, and also CuBTC are proposed as adsorbents; the adsorbent can be in the form of a bed, a molded body, a paint, a spray film or a coating. The support structure of the molded body can consist of a microstructure, lamellar structure, tube bundle, tube register and sheet metal and must be mechanically stable and greatly increase the surface area. The potentially contaminated air is usually circulated continuously, but it can also be initiated by a sensor that switches on the ventilation when a threshold value is reached or when an accident is detected. The adsorption can be carried out inside or outside a closed space.

The DE 195 25 064 C1 describes a refrigeration machine with a gas-tight housing which accommodates all refrigerant-carrying components of the machine, a space connecting the interior of the gas-tight housing with an outlet is provided, and the space is filled with a substance that sorbs the refrigerant. The amount of sorbent material is dimensioned in such a way that the entire amount of any refrigerant that may escape can be absorbed and kept away from the environment. The space filled with the sorbent is towards the environment open. With refrigerants that are heavier than air, the room is open at the bottom, with those that are lighter, it is open at the top, so that a conveying fan is not required. The sorbent is introduced into the housing and completely encloses the refrigeration machine or the refrigerant-carrying devices. On its way to the outside, baffles are provided which prevent short-circuit currents and force escaping gas through the sorbent. A double-walled embodiment in which the sorbent is arranged in the double jacket is also possible. A measuring device for refrigerant can be provided at the exit of the space filled with the sorbent substance to the environment.

The EP 3 106 780 A1 describes a heat pump system which is housed in an airtight housing lined with a binder. An adsorption unit with forced ventilation can be arranged inside this housing, which cleans the air in the housing in recirculation mode. This recirculation mode can be carried out continuously or only in the event of a fault or at regular intervals. Downstream of this sorption stage, a pilot burner, a pilot flame, a catalytic burner or a heating wire can also be arranged, which burns any remaining combustible impurities. A fresh air supply in connection with the discharge of purified exhaust air is also conceivable.

• - Montagefreundlichkeit: Im Falle von Modernisierungen von alten Heizungsanlagen müssen die neu zu installierenden Vorrichtungen zerlegbar und transportabel sein. Beispielsweise müssen sie über Kellertreppen und in verwinkelte und niedrige Kellerräume verbracht werden können. Zusammenbau, Inbetriebnahme und Wartung müssen ohne großen Aufwand vor Ort möglich sein. Dies schließt große und schwere Druckbehälter weitgehend aus, ferner Systeme, die nach einer Havarie nicht mehr demontierbar sind.
• - Diagnosefreundlichkeit: Die Betriebszustände sollten von außen gut erkennbar sein, dies betrifft die Sichtbarkeit und Prüfbarkeit bezüglich möglicher Leckagen und schließt den Füllstand des Arbeitsfluids sowie den Befüllungsgrad ggf. eingebrachter Sorbentien ein.
• - Wartungsfreundlichkeit: Systemdiagnosen sollten ohne großen zusätzlichen Aufwand erfolgen können. Sicherheitsrelevante Systeme sollten regelmäßig getestet bzw. auf ihre Zuverlässigkeit geprüft werden können. Sofern Systemdiagnosen nicht einfach durchführbar sind, sollten möglicherweise belastete Teile leicht durch Neuteile austauschbar sein.
• - Ausfallsicherheit: Die Systeme sollen einerseits gegen Störungen gesichert sein, gleichzeitig aber zuverlässig laufen können, wenigstens im Notbetrieb. Im Falle einer vorübergehenden externen Störung sollten die Systeme entweder selbstständig wieder anfahren oder ohne großen Aufwand wiederangefahren werden können.
• - Energieeffizienz: Die Anlagen sollen energetisch günstig betrieben werden können, ein hoher Eigenverbrauch an Energie für Sicherheitsmaßnahmen wirkt dem entgegen.
• - Robustheit: Im Falle größerer Störungen, seien sie extern oder systemintern aufgeprägt, muss die Beherrschbarkeit gewährleistet sein, dies betrifft z.B. Lüftungssysteme, die verstopfen können oder Druckbehälter, die unter Druck stehen oder heiß werden, etwa bei einem Brand.
• - Die Einrichtungen sollen möglichst leise sein.
• - Kosten: Die Sicherheitsmaßnahmen sollen weder bei den Anschaffungskosten noch bei den laufenden Kosten bedeutend sein und die Einsparungen bei den Energiekosten gegenüber herkömmlichen Systemen übersteigen. Sie sollen günstig sein.

The systems presented have so far had little success on the market. This can be attributed to the following reasons:

• - Ease of assembly: In the case of modernization of old heating systems, the new devices to be installed must be able to be dismantled and transported. For example, it must be possible to take them up cellar stairs and into winding and low cellar rooms. Assembly, commissioning and maintenance must be possible on site with little effort. This largely excludes large and heavy pressure vessels, as well as systems that can no longer be dismantled after an accident.
• - Ease of diagnosis: The operating states should be easily recognizable from the outside, this concerns the visibility and verifiability with regard to possible leaks and includes the filling level of the working fluid as well as the filling level of any sorbents introduced.
• - Ease of maintenance: It should be possible to carry out system diagnostics without great additional effort. It should be possible to regularly test security-relevant systems or check their reliability. If system diagnostics are not easy to carry out, possibly stressed parts should be easy to replace with new parts.
• - Reliability: The systems should be secured against malfunctions on the one hand, but at the same time be able to run reliably, at least in emergency operation. In the event of a temporary external disruption, the systems should either start up again automatically or it should be possible to start up again with little effort.
• - Energy efficiency: The systems should be able to be operated with low energy consumption, a high level of self-consumption of energy for security measures counteracts this.
• - Robustness: In the event of major malfunctions, be they external or internal to the system, controllability must be guaranteed, for example ventilation systems that can clog or pressure vessels that are under pressure or become hot, e.g. in the event of a fire.
• - The facilities should be as quiet as possible.
• - Costs: The security measures should not be significant in terms of acquisition costs or running costs and should exceed the savings in energy costs compared to conventional systems. They should be cheap.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved device which is inexpensive, safe and quiet.

• - mindestens einen Verdichter für Arbeitsfluid,
• - mindestens eine Entspannungseinrichtung für Arbeitsfluid,
• - mindestens zwei Wärmeübertrager für Arbeitsfluid mit jeweils mindestens zwei Anschlüssen für Wärmeüberträgerfluide,
• - ein inneres Gehäuse, welches alle am geschlossenen Arbeitsfluidumlauf angeschlossenen Einrichtungen umfasst und weitere Einrichtungen umfassen kann,
• - mindestens einen Außen-Adsorber, wobei
• - außerhalb des Gehäuses mindestens ein Außen-Adsorber angeordnet ist, der direkt an das innere Gehäuse anschließt und mindestens eine Seite des inneren Gehäuses abdeckt und mit ihr verbunden ist,
• - der Außen-Adsorber sowohl ein Adsorbens für durchströmendes, entzündliches Gas mit

The invention solves this problem by having a device for the safe implementation of a counterclockwise thermodynamic cycle by means of an inflammable working fluid which is guided in a closed, hermetically sealed working fluid circuit

• - at least one compressor for working fluid,
• - at least one expansion device for working fluid,
• - at least two heat exchangers for working fluid, each with at least two connections for heat transfer fluids,
• - An inner housing which includes all devices connected to the closed working fluid circuit and can include further devices,
• - At least one external adsorber, where
• - At least one outer adsorber is arranged outside the housing, which is directly connected to the inner housing and at least one Side of the inner housing and is connected to it,
• - The external adsorber is both an adsorbent for flammable gas flowing through

• - das innere Gehäuse mindestens eine Öffnung aufweist für Gas sowie im Anschluss an diese Öffnung einen Einströmbereich für Gas in den Außen-Adsorber, und
• - der Außen-Adsorber eine unverschließbare Austrittsöffnung für Gas aufweist.

Has working fluid as well as at least one absorbent for structure-borne sound and air-borne sound,

• - The inner housing has at least one opening for gas and, following this opening, an inflow area for gas into the outer adsorber, and
• - The external adsorber has a non-closable outlet opening for gas.

In most cases, a Clausius-Rankine process, which is operated with R290, is used as the counterclockwise circular process. Heat transfer fluids are to be understood here as all gaseous or liquid media with which heat is transferred, for example air, water, brine, heat transfer oils or the like.

The function of the invention is that the usual sound insulation of the housing can largely be dispensed with if this sound insulation is integrated into the device which serves to remove contamination caused by leakage. If this device is designed to be open to the environment, sound can in principle also penetrate unhindered to the outside and the adsorption of leakage-related contamination of the air located in the interior of the housing and due to the associated increase in pressure of the expelling air is advantageously carried out jointly and coordinated.

This ensures that neither working fluid nor noise can penetrate to the outside, although the housing is permeable to gas. The external adsorber of the invention thus adsorbs working fluid from the gas and at the same time absorbs the sound. With regard to the absorbed sound, both structure-borne sound and air-borne sound are absorbed. The sound absorption device is described in more detail below.

• - der Außen-Adsorber eine Adsorbensschüttung als Gasadsorbens, mindestens eine weiche Schwerbodenmatte als Schüttungsbegrenzung und mindestens eine Schalldämmschicht zwischen dem Gehäuse aufweist.
• - die Adsorbensschüttung auf zwei Seiten je eine weiche Schwerbodenmatte als Schüttungsbegrenzung aufweist.
• - die Adsorbensschüttung aus Kugeln oder Pellets gebildet ist und die weiche Schwerbodenmatte so weich ist, dass sich die Kugeln oder Pellets in die Schwerbodenmatte eindrücken können.
• - die weiche Schwerbodenmatte ein Eindrücken der Kugeln oder Pellets der Adsorbensschüttung von mehr als dem halben Partikeldurchmesser zulässt.
• - die weiche Schwerbodenmatte aus Silikon besteht.

Refinements of the invention relate to advantageous refinements of the external adsorber. It is provided here that

• - The external adsorber has an adsorbent bed as a gas adsorbent, at least one soft heavy floor mat as a bed boundary and at least one sound insulation layer between the housing.
• - the adsorbent bed has a soft heavy floor mat on two sides as a bed boundary.
• - The adsorbent bed is made up of balls or pellets and the soft floor mat is so soft that the balls or pellets can press into the heavy floor mat.
• - the soft heavy floor mat allows the balls or pellets of the adsorbent bed to be pressed in by more than half the particle diameter.
• - the soft floor mat is made of silicone.

Normally, gas does not flow through the adsorbent bed if there is no leakage. Only small gas flows occur when air pressure fluctuations at the installation site of the housing require pressure equalization between the interior and the environment. However, the vibrations of the installed devices cause structure-borne sound as well as air-borne sound to be transmitted to the housing walls as well as to the gas, usually air, in the interior. In conventional designs, this is usually dampened by insulating material in the form of linings and mats made of insulating materials. Some of these commonly used materials are flammable or soluble in hydrocarbons, which is why special precautions must be taken here if flammable or inflammable working fluids, for example from hydrocarbons such as R290, are to be used.

These measures within the housing can be dispensed with if the soundproofing measures are all carried out on the outside of the inner housing. The heavy floor mats, which are preferably made of silicone, fulfill this purpose. Depending on the working fluid, the material fluorosilicone is used, for example. The silicone mats should be several millimeters thick, e.g. 3 millimeters, and very soft, Shore A hardnesses between 10 and 60 are preferred. These silicone mats come into direct contact with the particles of the adsorbent bed, which preferably consists of pellets or spheres. Here, the particles are pressed into the soft floor mats in an elastic-plastic manner; the vibrations during operation result in a bulk body with quasi-solid properties, in which there is no edge penetration in the event of a flow. This lack of accessibility to the edge also means that sound waves are not reflected on the walls delimiting the adsorber bed and no gas channels form through which air-borne sound waves can pass unhindered.

The heavy floor mats also increase the weight of the housing sheets, which can be made of metal or plastic, accordingly the transmission of structure-borne noise is also significantly reduced. This structure-borne sound insulation can be significantly improved if the insulation material, which is used in the interior of the inner housing according to the conventional state of the art, is attached to the outside of the inner housing and connected to the heavy floor mat. The best insulation results are achieved when the insulation material consists of elastic materials whose resonance frequency corresponds to that of the compressor. In this way, the greatest vibration amplitudes are achieved and the internal damping effect of the insulating material is then greatest.

It is particularly advantageous if the outer adsorber is formed from a first insulating layer that lies directly on the inner housing, followed by a heavy floor mat, then an adsorbent bed, then another heavy floor mat, then another insulating layer and then an outer housing wall. The sum of the two insulation layers can then be the same or even smaller than the insulation layer according to the conventional state of the art.

Depending on the setup, only one side of the housing or several or all sides of the housing can be provided with such an external adsorber. If the housing is directly on a wall or in a corner, the insulation on the wall can be omitted, and it is often difficult to ensure the freedom of the gas path in the event of leaks or to change the adsorption material in the event of a load if the device is directly on a wall or in a corner. In the case of free-standing devices, an external adsorber can be provided on each of the sides, which can then be made correspondingly narrower.

In most cases, the adsorbent bed is traversed from bottom to top, the inflow area from the interior of the inner housing is then at the bottom and the adsorbent bed is held at the bottom by a sieve. A top cover is not required. An arrangement with an inflow area at the top and an outflow area at the bottom is also possible.

the adsorbent bed must be matched to the adsorption capacity with regard to the working fluid to be adsorbed. When using the working fluid R290, activated carbon is advantageously used. The spheres or pellets of the adsorbent bed should have a diameter range of 0.5 to 10 millimeters and a length-to-diameter ratio of 1 to 20. Spheres or cylindrical pellets with a diameter of 4 to 6 millimeters are ideal, as these are ideally pressed into the soft silicone floor mats.

• 1 eine Wärmepumpe mit Außen-Adsorber,
• 2 einen erfindungsgemäßen Außen-Adsorber im Seitenschnitt,
• 3 eine Draufsicht auf eine Außen-Adsorberanordnung.

The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of schematic diagrams. Here show:

• 1 a heat pump with an outdoor adsorber,
• 2 an external adsorber according to the invention in side section,
• 3 a plan view of an external adsorber assembly.

1 shows a heat pump with an outdoor adsorber based on a schematic diagram of a refrigeration circuit 1 with a compressor 2 , a capacitor 3 , a pressure reduction 4th and an evaporator 5 in a housing, which consists of an inner housing 6th and two external adsorbers surrounding the housing 12 is formed. Here is the inner case 6th in the lower area open to the side and closed at the top, while the external adsorber 12 is open at the top. The heat pump has a heat source connection 7th , a heat source flow 8th , a heat sink feed 9 and a heat sink connector 10 .

The refrigeration cycle 1 is operated in this example with the flammable working fluid propane, which is also known as R290. Propane is heavier than air, so in the event of a leak in the refrigeration circuit it will sink 1 tends to be in the inner casing 6th downwards, although it mixes well with small leaks. In the lower area of the inner housing there is therefore an opening with an inflow area 14th provided, by means of which an air-propane mixture from the interior 13 to the external adsorber 12 and then to the outlet opening 15

2 shows an external adsorber according to the invention in a side section. If an air-propane mixture from the interior 13 to the external adsorber 12 it enters the activated charcoal bed 123 one that completely absorbs the propane. The activated carbon bulk 123 is on both sides of heavy floor mats 122 edged from silicone, which in turn is made of conventional insulating material 121 are attached. On the housing side, the insulation material is directly connected to the inner housing 6th connected, to the outside an outer wall is provided, on which no special requirements are to be made.

3 shows a greatly simplified representation of a top view for a free-standing heat pump. The inner housing part 6th is over the full extent on all 4 sides of an external adsorber 12 which is open at the top.

List of reference symbols

1

Refrigeration cycle

2

compressor

3

capacitor

4th

Pressure reduction

5

Evaporator

6th

Inner casing

7th

Heat source connection

8th

Heat source flow

9

Heat sink supply

10

Heat sink connection

11

Sieve support

12

External adsorber

13

inner space

14th

Inflow area

15th

Outlet opening

121

Soundproofing layer

122

Heavy floor mat

123

Charcoal fill

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• WO 2015/032905 A1 [0008, 0009]
• DE 102011116863 A1 [0010]
• DE 19525064 C1 [0011]
• EP 3106780 A1 [0012]

Claims (15)

Device for the safe implementation of a counterclockwise thermodynamic cycle (1) by means of an inflammable working fluid which is guided in a closed, hermetically sealed working fluid circuit, comprising - at least one compressor (2) for working fluid, - at least one expansion device (4) for working fluid, - at least two heat exchangers (3, 5) for working fluid, each with at least two connections (7, 8, 9, 10) for heat transfer fluids, - an inner housing (6) which includes all devices connected to the closed working fluid circuit and can include further devices, - at least an outer adsorber (12), characterized in that - outside the housing at least one outer adsorber (12) is arranged, which connects directly to the inner housing (6) and covers at least one side of the inner housing (6) and with it is connected, - the external adsorber (12) both an adsorbent for flowing through, inflammable Ies gas with working fluid as well as at least one absorbent for structure-borne and air-borne noise, - the inner housing (6) has at least one opening for gas and, following this opening, an inflow area (14) for gas into the outer adsorber (12) - The external adsorber (12) has an unlockable outlet opening (15) for gas. Device according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the external adsorber (12) has an adsorbent bed (123) as gas adsorbent, at least one soft heavy floor mat (122) as bed boundary and at least one sound insulation layer (121) between the housing (6). Device according to one of the Claims 1 or 2 , characterized in that the adsorbent bed (123) has a soft heavy floor mat (122) on each of two sides to limit the bed. Device according to one of the Claims 1 to 3 , characterized in that the adsorbent bed (123) is formed from balls or pellets and the soft heavy floor mat (122) is so soft that the balls or pellets can be pressed into the heavy floor mat. Device according to Claim 4 , one of the Claims 1 to 4th , characterized in that the soft heavy floor mat (122) allows the balls or pellets of the adsorbent bed (123) to be pressed in by more than half the particle diameter. Device according to one of the Claims 4 or 5 , characterized in that the soft heavy floor mat (122) consists of silicone. Device according to one of the Claims 1 to 6th , characterized in that the external adsorber (12) has at least one insulating layer (122), the resonance frequency of which corresponds to that of the main vibration of the compressor (2) of the cycle (1). Device according to one of the Claims 1 to 7th characterized in that the outer adsorber (12) is formed from a first insulating layer (121) which rests directly on the inner housing (6), followed by a heavy floor mat (122), followed by an adsorbent bed (123), followed by a further heavy floor mat ( 122), then a further insulating layer (121) and then an outer housing wall. Device according to one of the Claims 1 to 8th , characterized in that an outer adsorber (12) is provided on at least two sides of the inner housing (6). Device according to Claim 9 , characterized in that an outer adsorber (12) is provided on at least 3 sides of the inner housing (6). Device according to Claim 9 , characterized in that an outer adsorber (12) is provided on each side of the inner housing (6). Device according to one of the Claims 1 to 11 , characterized in that the inflow area (14) of the outer adsorber (12) is arranged at the bottom in the inner housing (6) and the adsorbent bed (123) is held by a sieve (11). Device according to one of the Claims 1 to 11 , characterized in that the inflow area of the outer adsorber (12) is arranged at the top in the inner housing (6) and the adsorbent bed (123) is held by a sieve (11). Device according to one of the Claims 1 to 13 , characterized in that the adsorbent bed (123) for gas consists of activated carbon. Device according to one of the Claims 1 to 14th , characterized in that the balls or pellets of the adsorbent bed (123) have a diameter range of 0.5 to 10 millimeters and a length-to-diameter ratio of 1 to 20.

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