EP3581861B1 - Fluid absorption - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to irregular states in refrigeration circuits in which a working fluid acting as a refrigerant is conducted in a thermodynamic cycle, such as the Rankine cycle, for example. These are mainly heat pumps, air conditioning systems and cooling devices, as are common in residential buildings. Residential buildings are understood to mean private houses, apartment complexes, hospitals, hotel facilities, restaurants and combined residential and commercial buildings in which people live and work permanently, in contrast to mobile devices such as car air conditioning systems or transport boxes, or industrial systems or medical devices. What these cycle processes have in common is that they generate useful heat or useful cooling using energy and form heat displacement systems.

The thermodynamic cycle processes that are used have been known for a long time, as are the safety problems that can arise when using suitable working fluids. Apart from water, the most well-known working fluids of the time are flammable and poisonous. In the past century they led to the development of safety refrigerants, which consisted of fluorinated hydrocarbons. It turned out, however, that these safety refrigerants damage the ozone layer, lead to global warming, and that their safety-related harmlessness led to constructive inattention. Up to 70% of the turnover was accounted for by the need to refill leaky systems and their leakage losses, which was accepted as long as this was perceived as economically justifiable in individual cases and promoted the need for replacement.

For this reason, the use of these refrigerants was subject to restrictions, in the European Union for example through the F-gas regulation (EU) 517/2014.

• Im Normalbetrieb muss die Anlage absolut dicht sein.
• Weder bei einer Leckage im Kondensator noch bei einer Leckage im Verflüssiger darf Arbeitsfluid in den gekoppelten Nutzwärme- oder Nutzkältekreislauf gelangen.
• Es darf kein Arbeitsfluid aus dem Kältekreislauf unbemerkt entweichen können.
• Im Verdichter darf das Arbeitsfluid nicht durch die Lagerung entweichen.
• Im Entspannungssystem darf das Arbeitsfluid nicht durch den Ventilsitz diffundieren oder durch Kavitation zu Leckagen führen.
• Gekapselte Teile müssen für Wartungs- und Kontrollzwecke zugänglich bleiben.
• In Notfällen dürfen sich keine Gefahren einstellen.
• Die Anlage soll in vorhandene Räumlichkeiten integrierbar sein
• Das Kältemittel soll abgelassen und eingefüllt werden können.

It is therefore extremely problematic, on the one hand, to adopt the design principles for refrigerant-carrying thermodynamic processes, which have apparently proven themselves well with safety refrigerants, and, on the other hand, to build on the system concepts from the time before the introduction of the safety refrigerants. This is also due to the fact that individual devices have now become complex systems, which has multiplied the number of possibilities for malfunctions and their consequences. This results in the following requirements for the safety concept, for example:

• In normal operation, the system must be absolutely tight.
• Neither in the event of a leak in the condenser nor in the event of a leak in the condenser, working fluid must not enter the coupled useful heat or useful cooling circuit.
• No working fluid must be able to escape unnoticed from the cooling circuit.
• In the compressor, the working fluid must not escape through the storage.
• In the expansion system, the working fluid must not diffuse through the valve seat or cause leaks due to cavitation.
• Encapsulated parts must remain accessible for maintenance and control purposes.
• In emergencies, there must be no danger.
• It should be possible to integrate the system into existing rooms
• It should be possible to drain and fill the refrigerant.

The concept of emergency has to be seen broadly. Power outages, earthquakes, landslides, floods, fires, technical errors and extreme climatic conditions are all conceivable. If the systems are operated in a network, a power failure or a power failure is also to be regarded as an emergency. Against such dangers or disturbances the device is intended to be inherently safe. But even a failure of the available primary energy can justify an emergency and must not result in a development of danger. All of these emergencies can also occur in combination.

• Haushaltskühlschränke,
• Haushaltsgefrierschränke,
• Haushaltstrockner,
• Haushaltskühl-Gefrierkombinationen,
• Kühlkammern für Hotel- und Gastronomie,
• Gefrierkammern für Hotel- und Gastronomie,
• Klimaanlage für Haus, Hotel- und Gastronomie,
• Warmwassererzeugung für Haus, Hotel- und Gastronomie,
• Beheizung für Haus, Hotel- und Gastronomie,
• Sauna-Schwimmbadanlagen für Haus, Hotel- und Gastronomie,
• Kombinierte Anlagen für die oben genannten Anwendungen,

wobei diese Aufzählung nicht vollständig ist.The different designs and applications for such thermodynamic cycle processes must be considered separately, for example the following for fixed systems for residential buildings:

• Household refrigerators,
• Household freezers,
• Household dryers,
• Household fridge-freezers,
• Cooling chambers for hotel and catering,
• Freezing chambers for hotel and catering,
• Air conditioning for home, hotel and catering,
• Hot water generation for home, hotel and catering,
• Heating for home, hotel and catering,
• Sauna swimming pool systems for home, hotel and catering,
• Combined systems for the above-mentioned applications,

although this list is not exhaustive.

• Erdwärme aus Erdwärmespeichern,
• Geothermische Wärme,
• Fernwärme,
• Elektrische Energie aus allgemeiner Stromversorgung,
• Elektrische Solarenergie,
• Solarwärme,
• Abwärme,
• Warmwasserspeicher,
• Eisspeicher,
• Latentwärmespeicher,
• Fossile Energieträger wie Erdgas, Erdöl, Kohle,
• Nachwachsende Rohstoffe wie Holz, Pellets, Biogas,
• Kombinationen aus den oben genannten Energiequellen,

wobei auch diese Aufzählung nicht vollständig ist.The energy for operating the systems, including the thermal energy to be shifted, can come from various sources:

• Geothermal energy from geothermal storage,
• Geothermal heat,
• District heating,
• Electrical energy from general power supply,
• Electric solar energy,
• Solar heat,
• Waste heat,
• Hot water tank,
• Ice bank,
• Latent heat storage,
• Fossil fuels such as natural gas, oil, coal,
• Renewable raw materials such as wood, pellets, biogas,
• Combinations of the above energy sources,

although this list is not complete either.

The problems that arise in the safety design of such systems are described in the WO 2015/032905 A1 clearly described. The lower ignition limit of propane as a working fluid is around 1.7 percent by volume in air, which corresponds to 38 g / m ³ in air. If the refrigeration process is carried out in a hermetically sealed, but otherwise air-filled space with the working fluid propane, the problem arises of recognizing a critical, explosive situation after a fault in which the working fluid escapes into this hermetically sealed space. Electrical sensors for the detection of critical concentrations are difficult to design to be explosion-proof, which is why the propane detection by the sensors themselves increases the risk of explosion considerably, with the exception of infrared sensors. Propane is also poisonous; inhalation above a concentration of approx. 2 g / m ³ results in narcotic effects, headaches and nausea. This applies to people who are supposed to solve a recognized problem on site before there is a risk of explosion.

Propane is also heavier than air, so in still air it sinks to the floor and collects there. So if part of the propane collects in a low-flow zone of the closed space in which the disturbed unit is located, the local explosion limits can be reached much faster than the quotient of the total volume of the space to the amount of propane that has leaked would lead one to expect. The WO 2015/032905 A1 seeks to solve this problem by integrating a generator for electrical current in the opening or locking of this room and, when activated, in a first step generates and provides the electrical energy with which the sensor is activated, and in the event of an alarm the The lock then does not release, but causes ventilation of the locked room, and only allows unlocking and opening in a second step.

Even at the beginning of the technology of compression refrigeration machines, an attempt was made to create a closed space in which all the equipment could be safely housed and which completely envelops it. The DE-PS 553 295 describes an encapsulated compression refrigeration machine in which the refrigerant compressor 1, its drive motor 2, evaporator 3, condenser 4 and control valve 5 are enclosed in a double-walled capsule 6 and 7, respectively. A negative pressure is created in the space between the double-walled capsule and leaks that could occur at the openings for cooling water and brine are sucked off. The extracted working fluid can then be recovered if necessary. It should be noted that there is no ambient air within the encapsulated space and, due to the negative pressure in the double jacket, it cannot penetrate into the encapsulated interior DE 10 2014 112545 A1 shows a further device in which a compression circuit with the refrigerant propane is installed in a pressure-tight housing. In order to improve the leakage protection of the refrigerant from the refrigerant circuit, all individual components are soldered together at their points of contact in order to hermetically seal the refrigerant circuit. A maintenance opening in the refrigerant circuit is not provided.

The DE 10 2011 116 863 A1 describes a method for securing a device for a thermodynamic cycle which is operated with a process fluid which contains or consists of at least one environmentally hazardous, toxic and / or inflammable substance. In the event of a leak in the device for a thermodynamic cycle, an adsorbent is brought into contact with the process fluid, in particular ammonia, propane or propene, and the substance is selectively bound by the adsorbent. The adsorbent is regenerated after use. Zeolite, also in combination with imidazole or phosphates, furthermore CuBTC are proposed as adsorbent; the adsorbent can be in the form of a bed, a shaped body, a paint, a Spray film or a coating. The support structure of the molded body can consist of a microstructure, lamellar structure, tube bundle, tube register and sheet metal and must be mechanically stable as well as greatly increasing the surface area. The potentially contaminated air is usually circulated continuously, but it can also be initiated by a sensor that switches on the ventilation after a threshold value has been reached or if an accident is detected. The adsorption can be carried out inside or outside a closed space.

The DE 195 26 980 A1 describes an apparatus and a method for cleaning air in enclosed spaces which have a gaseous contamination. After the contamination has been detected by a gas sensor, this controls a compressor, which directs the air through an absorber located in this room, whereby the contamination is absorbed. The cleaned air leaves the absorber in the closed room.

The DE 195 25 064 C1 describes a refrigeration machine with a gas-tight housing which accommodates all refrigerant-carrying components of the machine, a space connecting the interior of the gas-tight housing with an outlet is provided, and the space is filled with a substance that sorbs the refrigerant. The amount of sorbent material is dimensioned so that the entire amount of any refrigerant that may escape can be absorbed and kept away from the environment. The space filled with the sorbent material is open to the environment. With refrigerants that are heavier than air, the room is open at the bottom, with those that are lighter, it is open at the top, so that a conveying fan is not required. The sorbent is introduced into the housing and completely encloses the refrigeration machine or the refrigerant-carrying devices. On its way to the outside, baffles are provided that prevent short-circuit currents and force escaping gas through the sorbent. Also a double-walled embodiment, in which the sorbent is arranged in the double jacket, is possible. A measuring device for refrigerant can be provided at the exit of the space filled with the sorbent substance to the environment.

The EP 3 106 780 A1 describes a heat pump system which is housed in an airtight housing lined with a binder. An adsorption unit with forced ventilation can be arranged inside this housing, which cleans the air in the housing in recirculation mode. This recirculation mode can take place continuously or only in the event of a fault or at regular intervals. Downstream of this sorption stage, a pilot burner, a pilot flame, a catalytic burner or a heating wire can also be arranged, which burns any remaining combustible impurities. A fresh air supply in connection with the discharge of purified exhaust air is also conceivable.

• Montagefreundlichkeit: Im Falle von Modernisierungen von alten Heizungsanlagen müssen die neu zu installierenden Vorrichtungen zerlegbar und transportabel sein. Beispielsweise müssen sie über Kellertreppen und in verwinkelte und niedrige Kellerräume verbracht werden können. Zusammenbau, Inbetriebnahme und Wartung müssen ohne großen Aufwand vor Ort möglich sein. Dies schließt große und schwere Druckbehälter weitgehend aus, ferner Systeme, die nach einer Havarie nicht mehr demontierbar sind.
• Diagnosefreundlichkeit: Die Betriebszustände sollten von außen gut erkennbar sein, dies betrifft die Sichtbarkeit und Prüfbarkeit bezüglich möglicher Leckagen und schließt den Füllstand des Arbeitsfluids sowie den Befüllungsgrad ggf. eingebrachter Sorbentien ein.
• Wartungsfreundlichkeit: Systemdiagnosen sollten ohne großen zusätzlichen Aufwand erfolgen können. Sicherheitsrelevante Systeme sollten regelmäßig getestet bzw. auf ihre Zuverlässigkeit geprüft werden können. Sofern Systemdiagnosen nicht einfach durchführbar sind, sollten möglicherweise belastete Teile leicht durch Neuteile austauschbar sein.
• Ausfallsicherheit: Die System sollen einerseits gegen Störungen gesichert sein, gleichzeitig aber zuverlässig laufen können, wenigstens im Notbetrieb. Im Falle einer vorübergehenden externen Störung sollten die Systeme entweder selbstständig wieder anfahren oder ohne großen Aufwand wiederangefahren werden können.
• Energieeffizienz: Die Anlagen sollen energetisch günstig betrieben werden können, ein hoher Eigenverbrauch an Energie für Sicherheitsmaßnahmen wirkt dem entgegen.
• Robustheit: Im Falle größerer Störungen, seien sie extern oder systemintern aufgeprägt, muss die Beherschbarkeit gewährleistet sein, dies betrifft z.B. Lüftungssysteme, die verstopfen können oder Druckbehälter, die unter Druck stehen oder heiß werden, etwa bei einem Brand.
• Kosten: Die Sicherheitsmaßnahmen sollen weder bei den Anschaffungskosten noch bei den laufenden Kosten bedeutend sein und die Einsparungen bei den Energiekosten gegenüber herkömmlichen Systemen übersteigen. Sie sollen günstig sein.

The systems presented have so far had little success on the market. This can be attributed to the following reasons:

• Ease of assembly: In the case of modernization of old heating systems, the new devices to be installed must be able to be dismantled and transported. For example, it must be possible to take them up cellar stairs and into crooked and low cellar rooms. Assembly, commissioning and maintenance must be possible on site with little effort. This largely excludes large and heavy pressure vessels, as well as systems that can no longer be dismantled after an accident.
• Ease of diagnosis: The operating states should be easily recognizable from the outside, this concerns the visibility and verifiability with regard to possible leakages and includes the filling level of the working fluid as well as the filling level of any sorbents introduced.
• Ease of maintenance: System diagnostics should be able to be carried out without great additional effort. Security-relevant systems should be regularly tested or checked for their Reliability can be checked. If system diagnostics are not easy to carry out, possibly stressed parts should be easily replaceable with new parts.
• Reliability: The systems should be secured against malfunctions on the one hand, but at the same time be able to run reliably, at least in emergency operation. In the event of a temporary external disruption, the systems should either start up again independently or it should be possible to start up again with little effort.
• Energy efficiency: The systems should be able to be operated with low energy consumption, a high level of self-consumption of energy for security measures counteracts this.
• Robustness: In the event of major malfunctions, be they external or internal to the system, controllability must be guaranteed, for example ventilation systems that can clog or pressure vessels that are under pressure or become hot, for example in the event of a fire.
• Costs: The security measures should not be significant in terms of acquisition costs or running costs and should exceed the savings in energy costs compared to conventional systems. They should be cheap.

• sicher zu speichern oder
• sicher zu adsorbieren oder
• sicher zu evakuieren,

ohne dass ein explosionskritischer Zustand im Aufstell- oder Nutzungsbereich dieser Arbeitsfluid-führenden Einrichtung entstehen kann.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a device which ensures that the working fluid escaping in the event of a fault either

• safe to store or
• safe to adsorb or
• to evacuate safely,

without an explosion-critical condition in the installation or use area of this working fluid-carrying device being able to arise.

• mindestens einen Verdichter für Arbeitsfluid,
• mindestens eine Entspannungseinrichtung für Arbeitsfluid,
• mindestens zwei Wärmeübertrager für Arbeitsfluid mit jeweils mindestens zwei Anschlüssen für Wärmeüberträgerfluide,
• ein geschlossenes und druckdichtes Gehäuse, welches alle am geschlossenen Arbeitsfluidumlauf angeschlossenen Einrichtungen umfasst, weitere Einrichtungen umfassen kann, und mit einem Adsorbens ausgekleidet ist, welches in der Lage ist, Arbeitsfluid zu adsorbieren,
• mindestens eine weitere Sorptionseinrichtung vorgesehen wird, mit der das gesamte Arbeitsfluid bei Normalbedingungen adsorbiert werden kann,
• und mindestens eine Sicherheits-Kältemittelablass-Einrichtung vorgesehen wird.

The invention solves this problem by a device according to claim 1 for safely carrying out a left-rotating thermodynamic Rankine cycle by means of an inflammable working fluid which is in the gaseous state under atmospheric conditions is heavier than air and is guided in a closed, hermetically sealed working fluid circuit, having

• at least one compressor for working fluid,
• at least one expansion device for working fluid,
• at least two heat exchangers for working fluid, each with at least two connections for heat transfer fluids,
• a closed and pressure-tight housing, which includes all devices connected to the closed working fluid circuit, can include further devices, and is lined with an adsorbent which is able to adsorb working fluid,
• at least one further sorption device is provided with which the entire working fluid can be adsorbed under normal conditions,
• and at least one safety refrigerant drain device is provided.

In further refinements, provision is made for two service valves to be provided in the pressure-tight housing, one of which is connected to the working fluid circulation and the other of which leads out of the pressure-tight housing. A service interface, a safety drain function for working fluid and a working fluid outlet with an oil collecting element can also be arranged between the two service valves.

In a particular embodiment of the invention, propane is used as the working fluid and activated carbon as the adsorbent. The activated carbon can be doped in a known manner in such a way that an optimal loading takes place with propane.

In terms of equipment, the lining is preferably made by dimensionally stable mats or molded bodies which contain the adsorbent and which can be removed and removed in a simple manner after opening the housing. On the side facing the inside of the container, they are typically permeable to gas and liquid through a retaining grid, while the dimensional stability is ensured by a stable rear-side structure. On the back, the mats or moldings are fixed in a known manner by hooks or click fasteners. The lining is dimensioned in such a way that leakage-related working fluid concentrations are captured and adsorbed.

Further refinements of the invention relate to the further sorption devices. These further sorption devices are dimensioned in such a way that they are able to absorb all of the working fluid used in the working fluid circulation. It is provided here that the further sorption devices consist of dimensionally stable mats made of activated carbon fabric. Alternatively, it is provided that dimensionally stable honeycomb bodies made of activated carbon are used. Flexible cushions can also be used which contain a bed of activated carbon or are woven or felted with adsorbent fibers.

The further sorption devices can also be assembled in a modular manner from various of these embodiments. With such a combination of molded bodies and cushions, the entire interior of the housing can be filled so completely that only such a small volume of air remains that an ignition of an ignitable mixture is not only due to the concentrations, but also due to the small remaining air volume and the therein contained small amounts of oxygen can be excluded. The free air volume inside the container thus remains well below the critical limit of 10 liters, above which there is a risk of explosion in the first place. It can be reduced to less than one liter of free air volume.

If the other sorption devices have taken up the working fluid after a drainage process or a leak has been triggered, care must be taken when removing molded cushions and molded bodies that no oxygen from the air can come into contact with outgassing working fluid in such an amount that there is a risk during dismantling arises. This can be done by strong ventilation or inerting. Such a measure may not always be possible.

In a further embodiment of the invention it is therefore provided that the molded cushions and molded bodies are enclosed in closable foils, which are opened during assembly and stripped off except for the side open to the dismantling direction, but attached to the respective molded pillow or molded body on this last side are. During removal or dismantling, the foils are slipped over the respective shaped cushion or the shaped body like a bag and closed.

• Fig. 1 einen beispielhaften Kältekreis mit einer Auskleidung und weiteren gehäuseinternen Sorptionsvorrichtungen,
• Fig. 2 einen beispielhaften Kältekreis mit einer Auskleidung und weiteren gehäuseinternen und gehäuseexternen Sorptionsvorrichtungen,
• Fig. 3 einen Kältekreis nach der vorliegenden Erfindung mit einer Auskleidung und weiteren gehäuseinternen Sorptionsvorrichtungen und einer alternativen gehäuseexternen Sorptionsvorrichtung.

The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of two basic sketches. Here show:

• Fig. 1 an exemplary refrigeration circuit with a lining and further sorption devices inside the housing,
• Fig. 2 an exemplary refrigeration circuit with a lining and further internal and external sorption devices,
• Fig. 3 a refrigeration circuit according to the present invention with a lining and further sorption devices inside the housing and an alternative sorption device outside the housing.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a refrigeration circuit 1 with a compressor 2, a condenser 3, a pressure reduction 4 and an evaporator 5 in a closed housing 6. The housing 6 has a heat source connection 7, a heat source flow 8, a heat sink flow 9 and a heat sink connection 10. The refrigeration circuit 1 is in this example with the flammable working fluid propane, which is also under known as R290. Propane is heavier than air, so in the event of a leak in the refrigeration circuit 1 it tends to sink in the housing 6. However, due to temperature differences in the housing and the corresponding convection, leakage-related propane can also be found in the rest of the housing. This housing 6 is therefore completely lined with the adsorptive lining 11. The lining 11 consists of several individual parts that are directly adjacent to one another. They can, but need not, have the same wall thickness everywhere, for example the top can be significantly thinner than the bottom.

Furthermore shows Fig. 1 a safety refrigerant discharge device 12 and an outlet with an oil collecting element 13 into the further sorption bed designed as a molded body 14. Further shaped bodies 14 are indicated schematically; they are adapted to the geometric shapes of the devices of the refrigeration circuit.

Fig. 2 shows a refrigeration cycle with a lining and further sorption devices. These further sorption devices are an external container filled with activated carbon and a multiplicity of shaped bodies and shaped cushions 14. If a leak occurs in the refrigeration circuit 1, the shaped bodies 14 absorb the refrigerant. If a greater loss is found, the remaining refrigerant of the working group 1 can be filled into the container 17 filled with activated carbon via the service valves 15 and along the service interface 16, the safety refrigerant drain device 12 and the outlet with oil collecting element 13.

Fig. 3 shows a refrigeration cycle with a lining and further sorption devices. These further sorption devices are an external container 19 filled with adsorbent under the bottom of the housing 6, which is connected to the container 6 via a connection 18, and a plurality of molded bodies and molded cushions 14. If a leak occurs in the refrigeration circuit 1, the molded bodies take 14 the refrigerant. Will be a major loss detected, the remaining refrigerant of the working group 1 can be drained into the container 6 via the safety refrigerant discharge device 12 and the outlet with oil collecting element 13 and the refrigerant is completely absorbed by the adsorbent in the adsorbent container 19. Sealing elements 20 are required so that no working fluid can escape.

List of reference symbols

1

Refrigeration cycle

2

compressor

3

capacitor

4th

Pressure reduction

5

Evaporator

6th

casing

7th

Heat source connection

8th

Heat source flow

9

Heat sink supply

10

Heat sink connection

11

Adsorptive lining

12th

Safety refrigerant drain device

13th

Outlet with oil collecting element

14th

Moldings / molded cushions

15th

Service valve

16

Service interface

17th

Activated charcoal canister

18th

connection

19th

Adsorbent container

20th

Sealing element

Claims (5)

1. Device for safely performing an anti-clockwise thermodynamic Clausius-Rankine cycle process (1) by means of a flammable working fluid, which is heavier than air in a gaseous state under atmospheric conditions and is conducted in a closed, hermetically sealed working fluid circuit, having

   - at least one compressor (2) for working fluid,

   - at least one expansion device (4) for working fluid,

   - at least two heat exchangers (3, 5) for working fluid, each with at least two connections (7, 8, 9, 10) for heat transfer fluids,

   - a closed and pressure-tight housing (6),

   - which comprises all devices connected to the closed working fluid circuit and can comprise further devices,

   characterised in that the pressure-tight housing is lined with an adsorbent (11), which is able to adsorb working fluid, and the device also has the following characteristics

   - at least one further sorption device, by means of which all the working fluid can be adsorbed under normal conditions,

   - at least one refrigerant discharge safety device,

   - an external vessel and an external connection between the pressure-tight housing (6) and the external vessel, by means of which the further external vessel is connected directly to the pressure-tight housing,

   - wherein the further sorption device

   - consists of a trough in the base of the vessel, which is filled with an adsorbent,

   - or consists of moulded pads or moulded bodies, which are filled with adsorbent or consist of the latter and which are fitted into the cavities of the pressure-tight housing,

   - or is formed by a sorption vessel filled with adsorbent within the housing,

   - or is formed by a sorption vessel filled with adsorbent outside the housing,

   - or combinations thereof,

   and
   a safety device for discharging working fluid into the inside of the pressure-tight vessel (6) is provided within the working fluid circuit (1).
2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one connection to a working fluid outlet is conducted to one of the further sorption devices by this safety device for discharging working fluid, such that the working fluid is conducted directly into the sorption device.
3. Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that two service valves are provided in the pressure-tight housing, of which one is connected to the working fluid circuit and the other leads out of the pressure-tight housing.
4. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the moulded pads and moulded bodies of the further sorption device, insofar as this is formed from moulded pads and moulded bodies, are enclosed in closable and removable films.
5. Device according to claim 4, characterised in that the closable and removable films are attached to the respective moulded pad or moulded body and attachment is performed on the side, which indicates the removal direction.

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