DE102017009106A1 - Crusher with rake - Google Patents

Abstract

In a comminution machine (1) for comminuting solids in a heterogeneous liquid, in particular suspension, comprising a flow space (3) delimited by at least one wall (2) for passing the liquid, an inlet opening (8) for introducing the liquid into the flow space ( 3), an outlet opening (9) for discharging the liquid from the flow space (3), a movable comminution element (28) for comminuting the solids, a drive motor (13) for moving the comminution element (28), a mechanical coupling element (15) mechanical coupling of the comminution element (28) to the drive motor (13), a separation vessel (32) for separating solids in the flow space (3) bounded by the separation vessel (32) due to a large flow cross sectional area of the heterogeneous liquid in the flow space (3) of the Separator (32), a device (49) for separating solid With liquid passage openings (52), according to the principle of a rake (50) or sieve or filter, damage to the comminution element (28) due to difficult or non-comminuted parts in the liquid conducted to the comminution element (28) is to be avoided that the crushing machine (1) has low downtime.
This object is achieved in that the device for separating solids in the flow space for the liquid in the flow direction of the liquid is arranged in front of the size reduction element.

Description

The present invention relates to a crushing machine according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating a crushing machine according to the preamble of claim 10.

Crushing machines are used in a wide variety of technical applications, such as agriculture, wastewater industry, slaughter and recycling farms and sugar factories, to produce solids in liquids, e.g. H. Suspensions, to crush.

From the DE 299 10 596 U1 is a device for comminuting solids in inhomogeneous liquids, in particular manure, known, which contains a housing as a liquid receptacle into which opens at least one supply and the at least one passage opening transversely to the flow direction of the liquid a cutting tool with a rotating cutting member and a fixed Having the counter, wherein the device is designed as a a lower calming chamber with the feed line and an upper outlet space having at least one outlet opening having double chamber container, which is assigned to the underside of a horizontal, the passage opening having the cutting member of the cutting tool in the settling chamber, wherein the pressing member is formed by a piston whose pressure chamber can be pressurized by means of a suitable, mainly hydraulic pressure medium with pressure.

The DE 1 892 584 U1 shows a shredder, preferably for solids in wastewater, with rotating perforated drum through which liquid and shreds are passed as they pass from an inlet to an outlet, and a rake or knife in cooperation with the outer surface of the drum for crushing the solid components, wherein the rake or the knife rotatably arranged and resiliently pressed in operation against the surface of the drum.

The DE 20 2006 003 816 U1 shows a device for crushing coarse suspensions or liquids with organic solids or solids, for mixing liquids and for conveying the suspensions produced in a processing plant, comprising a screw conveyor, a solids separator and a crusher, wherein the solids separator is formed as a closed container and all Completed to him components are completed to the outside, namely the screw conveyor, a solids sluice, the feed pump for mixing liquid and the crusher. The solids separator as a separator can only separate solids from the liquid due to their large weight or density, so that only very large and / or very heavy parts such as large stones collect at the bottom of the solids separator.

The crushing machines comprise a movable, in particular rotating, crushing element, which is driven by an electric motor. The comminution element has cutters with cutters for comminuting the solids such as fibrous materials, straw and grass silage. The knives, in particular the sharp edges, are subject to mechanical wear, so that after a given number of operating hours depending on the type and amount of solids in the heterogeneous liquid maintenance of the crushing element, in particular replacement of the knife, is necessary. Furthermore, an accumulation of solids may occur at the comminution element, so that cleaning of the comminution element is necessary at regular or demand-oriented time intervals.

For the maintenance and cleaning of the crushing element of the crushing machine during standstill, it is necessary that a manual access to the crushing element is present. This requires a time-consuming and highly skilled disassembly of walls of the crushing machine to gain access to the crushing element. After waiting and cleaning the crushing element with the same problems mounting the walls is necessary. Thus occur for the cleaning and maintenance of the crushing length of downtime and also high professional skill of the person is necessary, which performs the disassembly, maintenance and / or cleaning of the crushing element and the subsequent assembly.

Crushing machines with a separation tank can generally only separate very large and / or very heavy parts such as large stones from the liquid in the separation tank. Parts with a smaller weight or density such as small stones or branches are entrained by the flow and reach the crushing element. At the crushing element, these low-density parts may cause damage or great mechanical wear, so that the crushing element is often to be maintained and / or cleaned. This necessitates a frequent standstill of the comminution machine due to maintenance and cleaning work on the comminuting element, so disadvantageously, the crushing machine has low reliability due to damage and long downtime.

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a crushing machine and a method for operating a crushing machine in which damage to the crushing element due to difficult or non-crushing parts are avoided in the liquid fed to the crushing element, so that the crushing machine low Has downtime.

This object is achieved with a comminution machine for comminuting solids in a heterogeneous liquid, in particular suspension, comprising a flow space bounded by at least one wall for passing the liquid, an inlet opening for introducing the liquid into the flow space, an outlet opening for discharging the liquid from the latter Flow space, a movable crushing element for crushing the solids, a drive motor for moving the crushing element, a mechanical coupling element for mechanically coupling the crushing element with the drive motor, a separating vessel for separating solids in the flow space bounded by the separating tank due to a large flow cross-sectional area of the heterogeneous liquid in the flow space of the separation vessel, a device for separating solids with passage openings for the liquid after the P principle of a rake or sieve or filter, wherein the device for separating solids in the flow space for the liquid in the flow direction of the liquid is arranged in front of the comminution element. Parts that can not or only with difficulty be crushed by the comminution element, such as stones or branches, are deposited by the device and do not reach the comminution element. In this way, resulting damage to the comminution element can be avoided and downtimes of the comminution machine can be reduced.

In a further embodiment, the device is designed as a rake or a sieve or a filter.

In a supplementary embodiment, the device for separating solids, in particular completely, is arranged in the flow space delimited by the separation vessel.

In a supplementary variant, the device in the flow space of the separation vessel is formed only in an upper portion in the vertical direction and in a lower portion no device is formed or vice versa.

Preferably, the passage openings are slot-shaped, in particular, the slot-shaped passage openings are aligned substantially in the vertical direction.

In a further embodiment, the device has a front side facing the direction of flow of the liquid and a rear side facing away from the direction of flow of the liquid, so that the liquid can be introduced into the passage openings at the front side.

In an additional variant, the front side has an upper end and a lower end in the vertical direction and the horizontal distance of the lower end of the front side to the inlet opening is greater than the horizontal distance of the upper end of the front side to the inlet opening and / or the front side Device is oriented downwards and in a section with a fictitious vertical sectional plane parallel to the flow direction of the liquid is a fictitious tangent at the front of the device at an acute angle, in particular between 10 ° and 90 °, for example between 10 ° and 80 °, preferably between 20 ° and 60 °, aligned to a fictitious vertical plane perpendicular to the vertical sectional plane.

In another embodiment, the amount of difference between the horizontal distance of the lower end of the front to the inlet opening to the horizontal distance of the upper end of the front to the inlet opening is greater than 10%, 30%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 80% of the maximum vertical extent of the device.

In a further variant, the device for separating solids in the flow space for the liquid in the flow direction of the liquid is arranged completely in front of the comminution element and / or the device for separating solids is, in particular completely, fixed and / or immovable.

Method according to the invention for operating a comminution machine comprising the steps of: introducing a heterogeneous liquid with solids through an inlet opening into a flow space, passing the heterogeneous liquid through a flow space delimited by a separation vessel so that the solids in the separation vessel, in particular on a bottom wall of the separation vessel , Separating, crushing of the solids in the heterogeneous liquid by a crushing element is moved within the flow space by means of a drive motor, discharging the heterogeneous liquids with the crushed solids through an outlet opening from the flow space, the heterogeneous liquid is first passed through a device for separating solids with liquid passage openings according to the principle of a rake or sieve or filter and then the liquid is passed to the moving crushing element.

In another embodiment, only a portion of the heterogeneous liquid is passed through the passage openings of the device and another part of the heterogeneous liquid flows around the device in the flow space of the separation vessel, in particular the other part of the heterogeneous liquid flows around the device by the other part of the heterogeneous liquid is passed through an additional passage between a lower end of the device and a bottom wall of the separation vessel.

In an additional variant, the other part of the heterogeneous liquid flows after passing through the additional passage in the vertical direction in the flow space of the separation vessel up to an outlet opening on the separation vessel, so that due to the vertical flow up further solids are deposited.

Desirably, during interruption of the passage of liquid through the crusher, solids at the front of the device descend vertically downwardly toward the bottom wall without obstruction by the device due to the geometry of the front of the device.

In an additional embodiment, the minimum diameter, in particular the width, of the passage openings of the apparatus for separating solids, in particular of the rake or sieve or filter is changed and / or the liquid is first passed through the flow space of the separation vessel and then the liquid becomes directed to the moving crushing element and / or the liquid is simultaneously passed through the flow space of the separating vessel and through the device for separating solids.

In a further embodiment, the minimum diameter of the passage openings of the device for separating solids is changed by disassembling an already mounted device and mounting another device on the comminution machine and / or elements, in particular bar elements, of the device, in particular of the rake, relative to one another to be moved.

In a further embodiment, the drive motor is movably mounted with a bearing and the mechanical coupling element are fastened to the comminution element on the drive motor, so that a movement of the drive motor causes a, preferably identical, movement of the mechanical coupling element and the comminution element and due to the movable mounting of the Drive motor of the drive motor is moved to the effect that in a first position of the drive motor with the mechanical coupling element and the crushing the crushing element is disposed within the flow space for crushing the solids and in a second position of the drive motor with the mechanical coupling element and the crushing element, the crushing outside Flow space is arranged for servicing and / or cleaning of the crushing element.

In a further embodiment, a shutdown of the drive motor and maintenance and / or cleaning of the crushing element is performed during the standstill of the crushing machine.

In a supplementary variant, before servicing and / or cleaning the comminution element, the drive motor with the mechanical coupling element and the comminuting element of in a first position of the drive motor with the mechanical coupling element and the comminuting element, in which the comminution element is arranged within the flow space, into a second position of the drive motor moves with the mechanical coupling element and the crushing element, wherein the crushing element is arranged outside the flow space, and then the waiting and / or cleaning of the crushing element is carried out.

In a further embodiment, a maintenance opening is formed on the flow space for moving the comminution element through the maintenance opening from the first position within the flow space to the second position outside the flow space and vice versa. The crushing element can thus be easily moved from the first to the second position.

In an additional variant, in the first position of the drive motor, the maintenance opening is sealed fluid-tight by a closure element and / or in the second position of the drive motor, the maintenance opening is opened.

In a supplementary embodiment, the drive motor with the crushing element and the mechanical coupling element by means of a Mechanism from the first position to the second position and vice versa by the mechanism on the drive motor directly or indirectly a force can be applied. The force is preferably applied manually or by hand to the mechanism.

Preferably, the mechanism comprises a rack, a gear, an actuating shaft and a crank, wherein teeth of the gear mesh with teeth of the rack and the gear and the crank are rotatably fixed to the actuating shaft and the rack is fixedly connected directly to the drive motor.

In a further variant, the drive motor with the mechanical coupling element and the comminuting element can be moved between the first and second position with a translational movement.

In an additional embodiment, the mechanism is operable with a servomotor for automatically moving the drive motor with the mechanical coupling element and the comminution element between the first and second positions.

In a further variant, the mechanical coupling element is a shaft and the comminution element is a rotor.

Preferably, the rotor comprises at least one plate-shaped cutting element, in particular knife, and the cutting element is aligned substantially perpendicular to a rotational axis of the shaft. The crushing element thus forms no pump, d. H. has no conveying effect for the liquid.

In a further embodiment, the drive motor is moved with the mechanical coupling element and the comminution element in a translational movement from the first position to the second position, and preferably vice versa.

In an additional embodiment, a maintenance opening is opened during the movement of the drive motor with the mechanical coupling element and the comminution element from the first position to the second position on the comminution machine and / or a closure element for fluid-tight closing of the maintenance opening is fastened to the drive motor, so that the Movement of the drive motor with the closure element from the first position to the second position causes the opening of the maintenance opening and preferably in the first position, the maintenance opening of the closure element is fluid-tightly closed.

Preferably, before moving the drive motor with the mechanical coupling element and the comminution element from the first position to the second position, the liquid is at least partially discharged from the flow space and / or ambient air is introduced through a vent valve in the flow space. The introduction of ambient air through the vent valve in the flow space is necessary so that no negative pressure is created in the flow space and the liquid can be drained.

In a further embodiment, a force is applied to move the drive motor with the mechanical coupling element and the crushing element from the first position to the second position on the drive motor directly or indirectly with a mechanism. The force is necessary for moving the drive motor with comminution element and mechanical coupling element, in particular shaft.

In a further embodiment, the maintenance opening is closed by a closing part before and / or during the maintenance and / or cleaning of the comminuting element outside the flow space, and at the same time the heterogeneous liquid is passed through the flow space, in particular without comminution. Thus, during servicing and / or cleaning of the comminuting element outside the flow space, liquid may be passed through the comminuting machine such that interruption of the liquid passing through the comminuting machine occurs only during movement of the drive motor and until fluid-tight sealing of the service opening with the closure element.

In a further embodiment, the closure element is fixed at least partially fixedly or directly to the drive motor, so that a movement of the drive motor causes a, preferably identical, movement of the at least partial closure element.

In a supplementary embodiment, due to a mechanical connection between the drive motor and at least partially the closure element, the closure element at least partially performs a movement, preferably identical movement, of the drive motor.

In an additional variant, a method for operating the comminution machine described in this patent application can be carried out with the comminution machine.

Suitably, the method for operating the crusher with a in executed this shredder application described crusher.

In a supplementary embodiment, the minimum diameter, in particular the width, of the passage openings of the apparatus for separating solids, in particular of the rake or sieve or filter, is greater than 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm or 4 cm and / or less than 8 cm , 7 cm, 6 cm or 5 cm.

Inventive system with a crusher described in this patent application and at least two devices for separating solids, in particular rake or sieve or filter, wherein the openings of the two devices have a different minimum diameter.

In a further embodiment, the device for separating solids with a fastening element, in particular a lid, is attached directly or indirectly to the separating vessel.

In a supplementary variant, different devices for separating solids with a different minimum diameter of the passage openings have identical fastening elements. Thus, the different devices on the crushing machine can be easily exchanged for different applications.

Preferably, the drive motor is a hydraulically operated engine or an internal combustion engine.

In a further variant of the drive motor with the mechanical coupling element and the crushing element between the first and second position with a rotational or pivotal movement are movable. The storage for the electric motor, for example, has a curvature.

In an additional embodiment, the comminution element is movable in a translational movement and / or is moved in a translatory movement for comminuting the solids in the heterogeneous liquid. The crushing element is or is movable or movable with a moving mechanism driven by the drive motor.

In a further embodiment, a passage is formed in the separation vessel for passing the heterogeneous liquid. The passage is not a passage opening of the device for separating the solids.

In a further embodiment, an additional passage between a lower end of the apparatus for separating the solids and the bottom wall of the separation vessel is formed in the separation vessel for passing the heterogeneous liquid. The additional passage is not a passage opening of the device for separating the solids.

Preferably, the minimum diameter of the passage and / or the additional passage is substantially larger, in particular by 2, 3, 4 or 5 times larger than the minimum diameter of the passage openings of the device for depositing, in particular the rake or sieve.

Suitably, the passage opening is formed to the effect that the flow direction of the liquid in the passage opening substantially, in particular with a deviation of less than 30 ° or 20 °, vertically oriented from bottom to top.

Suitably, the passage opening, in particular in the horizontal direction, between a lower end of the device for depositing and the other separation vessel, in particular a wall of the separation vessel and / or a Abscheideblech formed.

In a further embodiment, at least one closable opening for removing the solids from the flow space of the separation vessel is formed on the separation vessel.

In a supplementary embodiment, the comminution machine comprises a conveying device, in particular a conveying screw or at least one conveying arm, for conveying solids out of the flow space of the separating container to the outside. In a switched-off crusher with drained heterogeneous liquid thus the solids which rest on the bottom wall of the separation vessel can be conveyed to the outside. Preferably, the conveyor device is driven by a drive motor.

In a further variant, the comminution machine comprises a solids sluice for transporting the solids from the flow space of the separation vessel to the outside. With the solids sluice, the solids can be transported out of the flow space of the separation tank to the outside without the need for draining the liquid in the separation tank.

Suitably, the crushing machine does not comprise a movable cleaning device, in particular a comb, for removing Solids from the solids separator.

In a further embodiment, the maximum or average flow cross-sectional area of the flow space in the separation vessel is substantially larger, in particular by 2, 3, 5, 7, or 10 times greater than the flow cross-sectional area of the inlet opening and / or the outlet opening. In the separation vessel, the heterogeneous liquid thus flows at a low flow rate, so that solids settle on the bottom wall of the separation vessel and are not entrained by the flow.

In a further embodiment, in a fictitious horizontal sectional plane, in particular in all sectional planes, in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the liquid, the device is formed completely continuously between the side walls of the separation vessel.

In a further embodiment, the device has a substantially constant extent in a fictitious horizontal sectional plane, in particular in all sectional planes, in a direction parallel to the flow direction of the fluid, in particular the expansion differs by less than 100%, 70% or 50%. , wherein the device is fictitious only considered as a device for this purpose as far as on the device passage openings are formed.

In a further embodiment, the maximum vertical extent of the device is between 10% and 90%, preferably between 20% and 80%, in particular between 30% and 70%, of the maximum vertical extent of the flow space of the separating vessel.

In a further variant, the device for separating the solids during the passage of the liquid through the passage openings of the device is fixed and / or immovable. During operation of the comminution machine, the device is thus stationary and / or immovable.

In a supplementary embodiment, the distance, in particular the minimum distance, between the comminuting element and the device for separating solids is greater than 1 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, 70 cm or 100 cm ,

The crusher expediently comprises only one comminution element.

Preferably, the crushing machine comprises only one device for separating solids.

In an additional embodiment, the drive motor is mechanically coupled to the crushing element with or without a gear.

Preferably, the mechanical coupling element is formed as a belt or a chain.

In a further embodiment, the bearing for the drive motor is a slide bearing and / or a roller bearing.

In another embodiment, the heterogeneous liquid is a suspension, i. H. a liquid with solids.

In a supplementary variant, the device for separating solids with through-openings for the liquid according to the principle of a rake or sieve or filter is a device for separating solids from a liquid, in particular heterogeneous liquid, with openings for the liquid according to the principle of a rake or Sieves or filters.

Appropriately, apparatus for separating solids with passage openings for the liquid according to the principle of a rake or sieve or filter is a baffle device for separating solids from the liquid.

In a further embodiment, the comminution element is designed as a chain or as at least one rotating roller.

In the following, an embodiment of the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

• 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Zerkleinerungsmaschine mit einem Antriebsmotor in einer ersten Position,
• 2 eine Draufsicht der Zerkleinerungsmaschine gemäß 1,
• 3 einen Längsschnittes A-A der Zerkleinerungsmaschine gemäß 2,
• 4 einen vergrößerten Teil des Längsschnittes A-A der Zerkleinerungsmaschine gemäß 2,
• 5 eine Vorderansicht der Zerkleinerungsmaschine gemäß 1 und
• 6 einen Längsschnittes A-A der Zerkleinerungsmaschine analog 3 mit dem Antriebsmotor in einer zweiten Position.

It shows:

• 1 a perspective view of a crushing machine with a drive motor in a first position,
• 2 a plan view of the crushing machine according to 1 .
• 3 a longitudinal section AA of the crushing machine according to 2 .
• 4 an enlarged part of the longitudinal section AA of the crushing machine according to 2 .
• 5 a front view of the crushing machine according to 1 and
• 6 a longitudinal section AA of the crushing machine analog 3 with the drive motor in a second position.

In the 1 to 6 is a crusher 1 shown. The crusher 1 serves to break up solids in a heterogeneous liquid as a suspension. The solids are, for example, fibrous materials, straw, grass silage or renewable raw materials, so that the crushing machine 1 For example, in agriculture or agribusiness can be used. The crusher can also be used in other industrial sectors such as wastewater management 1 be used.

The crusher 1 comprises as essential components a separation vessel 32 with a device 49 with passage openings 52 as slit-shaped openings 52 for separating large, substantially non-comminutable solids such as stones, branches and other large parts, and a rotating comminution element 28 with four disc-shaped knives 29 that of a drive motor 13 as electric motor 14 by means of a wave 16 is driven. walls 2 limit a flow space 3 for passing the heterogeneous liquid.

The separation tank 32 includes four side walls 34 , a cover wall 35 and a bottom wall 33 , On a side wall 34 is a pipe socket 10 with a flange 11 fastened, leaving the pipe socket 10 an inlet opening 8th for introducing the heterogeneous liquid with the solids into the flow space 3 forms. The walls 33 . 34 . 35 of the separation tank 32 form the walls 2 for limiting the flow space 3 ie the separation tank 32 limits a part of the flow space 3 , On the top wall 35 are a first maintenance opening 45 and a second maintenance opening 46 educated. The first maintenance opening 45 is from a first lid 47 with an outside handle 69 sealed fluid-tight and the second maintenance opening 46 is from a second cover 48 sealed fluid-tight.

The lids 47 . 48 are with screws and a sealing ring on the top wall 35 attached. The lids 47 . 48 are thus detachable on the separation vessel 32 fixed. The maintenance openings 45 . 46 serve for maintenance and / or revision in the interior of the separation vessel 32 ,

At the first lid 47 is the device 49 as a rake 50 with bar elements 51 attached. Between the bar elements 51 are the slit-shaped openings 52 designed to pass the liquid and the rod elements 51 serve for the retention and separation of parts such as stones or branches. The width as the minimum diameter of the slit-shaped openings 52 is 4 cm. To the arrangement of a rake 50 with a different width of the slot-shaped openings 52 For example, of 3 cm or 5 cm, only the screws on the first cover 47 to solve, leaving the first lid 47 with the rake 50 from the flow space 3 when the crusher is switched off 1 can be lifted out and then a first lid 47 with another rake 50 with a different width of the slot-shaped openings 52 on the top wall 35 screwed. In the flow space 3 at the separation tank 32 is also an elongated separator plate 53 attached and between the rake 50 and the separator sheet 53 is an elongated substantially rectangular passage 58 available. The separator sheet 53 serves to retain solids due to an ascending flow near the side wall 34 at which the separation plate 53 is fixed, ascend. In the vertical direction is between a lower end 75 the device 49 and the bottom wall 33 an additional passage 74 available. An upper end 76 the device 49 is on the top wall 35 educated. The device 49 is perpendicular to the drawing plane of 3 completely continuous in the flow space 3 of the separation tank 32 educated.

The passage 58 and the additional passage 74 serve to make shredded solids through the flow space 3 of the separation tank 32 to the rotating crushing element 32 can reach. Due to the flow rate of the heterogeneous liquid in the flow space 3 of the separation tank 32 Heavy parts or parts with a higher density settle on the bottom wall 33 and are not carried away by the current. The device 49 as the rake 50 has a front 70 and a back 71 on. The front 70 is the flow direction 72 facing the liquid and the back 71 is the flow direction 72 away. The front 70 is oriented downwards, so that at the front 70 the device 49 due to the flow of applied and retained solids from gravity can fall vertically downwards. The backside 71 is oriented upwards. In particular, when the flow of heterogeneous liquid through the separation vessel is interrupted 32 So you can use the solids on the front 70 in the "free" case through the liquid to the bottom wall 33 arrive for a self-cleaning of the rake 50 , The bottom wall 33 indicates a slope in the direction of flow 72 on, so that solids on the bottom wall 33 essentially at a deep end region in the flow direction 72 accumulate.

On two opposite side walls 34 is ever an opening in alignment 39 for removing solids on the bottom wall 33 educated. The openings 39 are above the deep end of the bottom wall 33 available. At the openings 39 is ever a pipe socket 40 with a flange 41 attached. The flange 41 is used for tightening a cap and a sealing ring (not shown), so that during operation of the crushing machine 1 the openings 39 are sealed fluid-tight. On a side wall 34 is an additional opening 36 ( 1 . 2 and 5 ) adapted to drain the liquid from the separation vessel 32 , This is at the opening 36 a pipe socket 37 with a flange 38 attached. The flange 38 is used for tightening a cap and a sealing ring (not shown), so that during operation of the crushing machine 1 the opening 36 is sealed fluid-tight. Deviating to the flange 38 Also, a cock and a hose (not shown) may be attached, so that when opening the cock, the liquid can be discharged through the hose. While draining the liquid from the opening 36 is a vent valve 68 on the top wall 35 open.

For manual removal of solids on the bottom wall 33 gets the liquid from the crusher 1 drained and then the openings 36 open, leaving by hand through the openings 36 the solids can be removed. Deviation of this can occur within the flow space 3 between the two openings 36 Also, a conveying device, in particular a screw conveyor, be arranged so that when a manual or motorized moving the conveyor device (not shown) with open openings 36 the solids from the flow space through the openings 36 can be promoted out.

On a side wall 34 of the separation tank 32 is an outlet opening 42 for discharging the liquid from the separation tank 32 educated. The outlet opening 42 opens into a pipe socket 43 with a flange 44 , The flange 44 is with a flange 57 a pipe 54 with the crushing element 28 screwed fluid-tight and detachable. Further, with the pipe 54 an outlet pipe 55 with an outlet opening 9 formed for discharging the liquid with the crushed solids. At the end of the outlet pipe 55 is a flange 12 educated. The walls of the pipe 54 and the outlet pipe 55 thus form walls 2 for limiting the flow space 3 , The pipe 54 has an inlet opening 56 on, allowing the liquid from the separator tank 32 through the outlet opening 42 and the pipe socket 43 in the inlet opening 56 flows. The pipe 54 is with a connection opening 73 with the outlet pipe 55 fluidly connected.

On the pipe 54 is a maintenance opening 59 educated. The maintenance opening 59 is in operation of the crusher 1 from a closure element 62 ( 4 ) sealed fluid-tight. This is due to the electric motor 14 a flange 61 and a sealing elastic intermediate ring 23 attached. Deviating from this, the intermediate ring 23 not on the flange 61 be firmly attached, but is only in the first position of the electric motor 14 between the flanges 60 . 61 clamped and releasably secured with four screws. In a first position of the electric motor 14 ( 1 to 5 ) is the intermediate ring 23 fluid-tight on the flange 60 on the pipe 54 on, leaving the maintenance opening 59 is sealed fluid-tight. A drive shaft 18 of the electric motor 14 is with a connecting shaft 18 rotatably with the crushing element 28 connected. The essentially disc-shaped, oblong and rectangular four knives 29 are substantially perpendicular to a rotation axis 17 the wave 16 and the crushing element 28 aligned so that the rotating crushing element 28 no conveying effect unfolds for the liquid, ie the crushing element 28 no pump forms and in the flow direction 72 after the crushing element 28 no higher pressure occurs than before the crushing element 28 ,

The connecting shaft 16 is from a screw 20 and a sleeve 21 educated. The screw 20 is inside the sleeve 21 arranged. The screw 20 is with a bore with an internal thread of the drive shaft 18 screwed so that the screw head of the screw 20 the sleeve 21 with an axial compressive force on the drive shaft 18 suppressed. The sleeve 21 and / or the screw 20 are non-rotatable with the drive shaft 18 connected. The crushing element 28 is rotatable with the screw 20 and / or the sleeve 20 connected and an O-ring seal 22 serves for axial sealing between sleeve 21 and screw 20 , A partially with rotating mechanical seal 24 close to the axial sealing of the sleeve 21 to the fixed intermediate ring 23 , A static or fixed O-ring seal 25 serves to seal between the flange 60 and the intermediate ring 23 , An oil room 26 is used for lubrication and cooling and the oil chamber 26 can with a venting element 27 be vented. The drive motor 13 with the drive shaft 18 and the connecting shaft 19 and the crushing element 28 , the flange 61 and the intermediate ring 23 are on the drive motor 13 attached so that the components at a Movement of the drive motor 13 perform this movement identically.

The drive motor 13 can be between the first position and a second position with a mechanism 63 be moved in a translational motion. These are on the crusher 1 two straight and horizontal rails 31 as storage 30 attached and on the rails 31 There are four carriages, which are relative to the rails 31 can be moved as a sliding bearing. The mechanism 63 includes a rack 64 with teeth at the bottom and a gear 65 with teeth. The teeth of the gear 65 comb with the teeth of the rack 64 , An actuating shaft 66 is non-rotatable with the gear 65 and a crank 67 connected. The rack 64 is fixed to the drive motor 13 connected. By manually applying a force to the crank 67 becomes the actuating shaft 66 and with it the gear 65 in a rotational motion offset from the rack 64 is converted into a translational movement, so that the drive motor 13 between the first position and the second position can be moved.

In the first position ( 3 ) of the drive motor 13 is the crushing element 28 inside of the pipe 54 limited flow space 3 arranged for crushing the solids. The flange 61 is with four screws with the flange 60 screwed down, leaving the maintenance opening 59 fluid-tight from the closure element 62 is closed. In the second position ( 6 ) of the drive motor 13 is the crushing element 28 outside of the pipe 54 limited flow space 3 arranged for servicing and / or cleaning the crushing element 28 , When waiting for the shredding element 28 for example, the knives 29 replaced. For maintenance and / or cleaning of the comminution element is thus only the flow of the liquid through the crushing machine 1 to interrupt, then the liquid by opening the vent valve 69 and the opening 36 drain and then the four screws on the flanges 60 . 61 to remove, leaving the electric motor 13 with the crushing element 28 from the in 3 illustrated first position with the mechanism 63 in the in 6 shown second position is moved. In the second position is the crushing element 28 freely accessible for maintenance, service and cleaning work. During movement of the drive motor from the first to the second position thus becomes the crushing element 28 through the maintenance opening 59 emotional. Optionally, after reaching the second position, the maintenance opening 59 be closed with a closing part (not shown), so that even during the maintenance and cleaning of the crushing element 28 in the second position, liquid through the crusher 1 can be directed. To resume the operation of the crusher 1 becomes the drive motor 13 with the crushing element 28 by means of the mechanism 63 moved from the second to the first position until the intermediate part 23 on the flange 60 as a stop rests and then the four screws on the flanges 60 . 61 screwed together for the fluid-tight seal.

The two main components of the crusher 1 First, the separation tank 32 with the device 49 and second, the drive motor 13 with the wave 16 and the crushing element 28 are on a common floor element 4 attached, leaving these two essential components of the crushing machine 1 form a structural unit. The floor element 4 includes a bottom plate 5 with two L-shaped bottom beams 6 at two opposite end portions of the floor panel 5 are attached. The floor element 4 is made of metal, especially steel. The separation tank 32 and the outlet pipe 55 are with support elements 7 on the floor element 4 , in particular the bottom plate 5 , attached. Warehousing 30 and the mechanism 63 are with support elements 7 at the outlet pipe 55 attached. The support elements 7 are made of metal, especially steel. The pipe 54 with the crushing element 28 , the outlet pipe 55 , the pipe socket 10 . 43 . 37 . 40 , the flanges 11 . 12 . 38 . 41 . 44 . 57 and the separation tank 32 with the device 50 are made of metal, preferably aluminum or steel, in particular stainless steel.

Overall, are considered with the crushing machine according to the invention 1 and the inventive method for operating the crushing machine 1 significant benefits. For maintenance and cleaning of the shredding element 28 is no time-consuming and costly dismantling of components of the crushing machine 1 necessary, but only by solving in a short time loosening the screws on the flanges 60 . 61 can with the mechanism 63 the drive motor 13 be moved in a very short time from the first to the second position. This also applies vice versa for the movement from the second to the first position for recommissioning. This can advantageously longer downtime for the maintenance and cleaning of the crushing element 28 be avoided with ease of use.

The rake 50 in the separation tank 32 allows the deposition of larger parts such as stones or branches, which from the crushing element 28 essentially can not be crushed. These larger parts could damage the crushing element 28 However, this damage does not occur because the larger parts do not reach the size reduction element 28 reach. Depending on the later use of the outlet opening 9 discharged heterogeneous liquid problems or damage during subsequent use are avoided, provided that the subsequent use for the larger parts is prone or sensitive.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 29910596 U1 [0003]
• DE 1892584 U1 [0004]
• DE 202006003816 U1 [0005]

Claims (15)

Comminuting machine (1) for comminuting solids in a heterogeneous liquid, in particular a suspension, comprising - a flow space (3) bounded by at least one wall (2) for passing the liquid, - an inlet opening (8) for introducing the liquid into the flow space ( 3), - an outlet opening (9) for discharging the liquid from the flow space (3), - a movable comminution element (28) for comminuting the solids, - a drive motor (13) for moving the comminution element (28), - a mechanical coupling element (15) for mechanically coupling the comminution element (28) to the drive motor (13), - a separation vessel (32) for separating solids in the flow space (3) delimited by the separation vessel (32) due to a large flow cross sectional area of the heterogeneous liquid in the Flow space (3) of the separation vessel (32), - a device (49) for depositing Fes materials with passage openings (52) for the liquid according to the principle of a rake (50) or sieve or filter, characterized in that the device (49) for separating solids in the flow space (3) for the liquid in the flow direction of the liquid before Crushing element (28) is arranged. Crusher after Claim 1 , characterized in that the device (49) as a rake (50) or a sieve or a filter is formed. Crusher after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the device (49) for separating solids, in particular completely, is arranged in the flow space (3) delimited by the separation vessel (32). Crusher after Claim 3 , characterized in that in the vertical direction, the device (49) in the flow space (3) of the separation vessel (32) is formed only in an upper portion and in a lower portion no device (49) is formed or vice versa. Crushing machine according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the passage openings (52) are slot-shaped, in particular the slot-shaped passage openings (52) are aligned substantially in the vertical direction. Crushing machine according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device (49) has a front side (71) facing the direction of flow of the liquid and a rear side (72) facing away from the direction of flow of the liquid, so that the liquid at the front side (71 ) can be introduced into the passage openings (52). Crusher after Claim 6 characterized in that the front face (71) has an upper end (76) and a lower end (75) in the vertical direction, and the horizontal distance of the lower end of the front face (71) to the inlet opening (8) is greater than the horizontal one Distance of the upper end (76) of the front side (71) to the inlet opening (8) and / or the front (71) of the device (49) is aligned downward and in a section with a fictitious vertical sectional plane parallel to the flow direction (72 ) of the liquid is a fictitious tangent on the front side (71) of the device (49) at an acute angle, in particular between 10 ° and 90 °, aligned to a vertical fictitious plane perpendicular to the vertical sectional plane. Crushing machine according to 6 or 7, characterized in that the amount of the difference between the horizontal distance of the lower end (75) of the front side (71) to the inlet opening (8) to the horizontal distance of the upper end (76) of the front side (71). to the inlet opening (8) is greater than 10%, 30%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 80% of the maximum vertical extent of the device (49). Crushing machine according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device (49) for separating solids in the liquid flow space (3) in the flow direction of the liquid is arranged completely in front of the comminution element (28) and / or the device ( 49) is designed for separating solids, in particular completely, fixedly and / or immovably. Method for operating a comminution machine (1), comprising the steps of: - introducing a heterogeneous liquid with solids through an inlet opening (8) into a flow space (3), - passing the heterogeneous liquid through a flow space delimited by a separation vessel, so that the solids in the separation vessel, in particular on a bottom wall of the separation vessel, deposit, Comminuting the solids in the heterogeneous liquid by moving a comminuting element (28) within the flow space (3) by means of a drive motor (13), - discharging the heterogeneous liquids with the comminuted solids through an outlet opening (9) out of the flow space (3), characterized in that the heterogeneous liquid is first passed through a device (49) for separating solids with passage openings for the liquid according to the principle of a rake (50) or sieve or filter, and then the liquid is passed to the moving comminution element (28) becomes. Method according to Claim 10 , characterized in that only a portion of the heterogeneous liquid is passed through the passage openings (52) of the device (49) and another part of the heterogeneous liquid flows around the device (49) in the flow space (3) of the separation vessel (32), in particular the other part of the heterogeneous liquid flows around the device (49) by passing the other part of the heterogeneous liquid through an additional passage (74) between a lower end (75) of the device (49) and a bottom wall (33) of the separation vessel (32) , Method according to Claim 11 , characterized in that the other part of the heterogeneous liquid after flowing through the additional passage (74) in the vertical direction in the flow space (3) of the separation vessel (32) flows up to an outlet opening (42) on the separation vessel (32) that due to the vertical flow up further solids are deposited. Method according to one or more of Claims 10 to 12 characterized in that during interruption of the passage of liquid through the crusher (1), solids on the front face (71) of the device (49) fall vertically downwards towards the bottom wall (33) without obstruction by the device (Fig. 49) due to the geometry of the front side (71) of the device (49). Method according to one or more of Claims 10 to 13 , characterized in that the minimum diameter, in particular the width, of the passage openings (52) of the device (49) for separating solids, in particular the rake (50) or sieve or filter, is changed and / or the liquid first through the flow space (3) of the separation vessel (32) is passed and then the liquid is passed to the moving crushing element (28) and / or the liquid simultaneously through the flow space (3) of the separation vessel (32) and through the device (49) for deposition is conducted by solids. Method according to Claim 14 characterized in that the minimum diameter of the passage openings (52) of the solids separation device (49) is changed by disassembling an already mounted device (49) and mounting another device (49) on the crusher (1) and / or elements, in particular rod elements (51), of the device (49), in particular of the rake (50), are moved relative to one another.

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